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LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY 


GENERAL  STAFF 


ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(ITS  ORGANIZATION,  DUTIES,  PAY,  AND  ALLOWANCES), 

FROM 

1775  to  1901. 


COMPILED  AND  ANNOTATED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF 

Major-General  HENEY  0.  OOEBIN, 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL.    OF    THE    ARMY, 


EAPE^AEL  P.  THIAN, 

CHIEF    CLERK'ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    OFFICE. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1901. 

7C 


"-A.   good.    StafF  haw    the    mei-it    of  "being    more    durable    than    the 
KCtraiu.a    of  any   one   man." — Jomini. 


PREFACE. 


Traces  of  a  general  staff  are  found  first  in  the  Brandenburg  (after- 
wards the  Prussian)  army  in  1655,  under  the  Great  Elector,  but  its 
functions  are  supposed  to  have  first  been  employed  in  Swedish  organ- 
izations. 

The  Russian  general  staff  dates  from  the  time  of  Peter  the  Great. 

The  operations  of  the  general  staff  of  the  German  army  are  entirely 
independent  of  the  minister  of  war,  being  directed  by  the  chief,  who 
is  responsible  only  to  the  Commander  in  Chief — the  Emperor.  This 
status  has  existed  for  over  seventy  years. 

In  Russia  there  is  no  separate  direction  of  the  general  staff,  the  chief 
reporting  directly  to  the  war  minister. 

In  Italy  the  officers  of  the  great  general  staff  are  entirely  under  the 
chief  of  the  general  staff,  who  reports  directly  to  the  war  minister. 

The  chief  of  the  general  staff  in  France  is  directly  under  and  entirely 
subordinate  to  the  secretary  of  war. 

In  Austria  the  chief  of  the  general  staff  is  considered  as  the  assistant 
of  the  imperial  war  minister. 

In  England  the  adjutant-general's  office  is  once  removed  from  the 
secretary  of  state  for  war  through  the  commander  in  chief  of  the 
army. 

The  Continental  Congress,  June  15,  1775,  unanimously  elected 
George  Washington,  esq.,  "to  command  all  the  continental  forces, 
raised  or  to  be  raised,  for  the  defense  of  American  liberty,"  and 
resolved,  July  21,  "that  such  a  body  of  troops  be  kept  up  in  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  as  General  Washington  shall  think  necessary,  pro- 
vided they  do  not  exceed  22,000  men." 

On  assuming  this  command  General  Washington  found  an  hetero- 
genous and  undisciplined  force  which,  on  the  call  of  the  Massachusetts 
committee  of  safety  on  the  morning  after  the  affair  at  Lexington  and 
Concord,  had  assembled  at  Cambridge  in  a  motley  host  of  full  20,000 
men,  and  immediately  took  measures  to  bring  order  out  of  confusion. 
Joseph  Reed,  of  Philadelphia,  was  chosen  by  him  for  the  important 
post  of  Secretary  to  the  Commander  in  Chief.  Horatio  Gates  was 
appointed  Adjutant-General,  Thomas  Mifflin,  Quartermaster-General, 
and  Joseph  Trumbull,  Commissary-General.     Owing  to  the  multi- 

Elicity  of  affairs  pressing  on  the  attention  of  Congress,  that  body, 
>ecember  27,  1776,  vested  General  Washington  with  full  and  com- 
Elete  power  to  displace  and  appoint  all  officers  under  the  rank  of 
rigadier-general  and  to  till  up  vacancies  in  every  department  in  the 
American  Army. 

3 


4  PREFACE. 

In  a  letter  dated  June  13, 1776,  addressed  to  the  President  of  Congress, 
General  Washington  wrote: 

I  once  mentioned  to  Congress  that  I  thought  a  war  office  extremely  necessary,  and 
they  seemed  inclined  to  institute  one  for  our  Army;  but  the  affair  seems  to  have 
been  since  dropped.  Give  me  leave  again  to  insist  on  the  utility  and  importance  of 
such  an  establishment.  The  more  I  reflect  upon  the  subject,  the  more  am  I  convinced 
of  its  necessity  and  that  affairs  can  never  be  properly  conducted  without  it. 

Congress  having,  June  13,  1776,  created  a  Board  of  War,  General 
Washington,  seven  days  later,  wrote  to  the  President  of  Congress  as 
follows: 

The  instituting  a  War  Office  is  certainly  an  event  of  great  importance,  and,  in  all 
probability,  will  be  recorded  as  such  in  the  historic  page.  The  benefits  derived  from 
it,  I  flatter  myself,  will  be  considerable,  though  the  plan  upon  which  it  is  first 
formed  may  not  be  entirely  perfect.  This,  like  other  great  works,  in  its  first  edition 
may  not  be  free  from  error;  time  will  discover  its  defects,  and  experience  suggest  the 
remedy  and  such  further  improvements  as  may  be  necessary;  but  it  was  right  to  give 
it  a  beginning,  in  my  opinion. 

The  Board  of  War,  thus  created,  was  the  germ  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment of  our  Government.  The  evolution  of  the  general  staff  of  the 
American  Army  covers  a  period  of  many  years,  during  which  tenta- 
tive measures  were  adopted,  from  time  to  time,  to  meet  emergencies. 

On  the  eve  of  his  recall  to  the  supreme  command  of  the  Army,  Gen- 
eral AVashington  forcibly  presented  his  views  on  the  subject  of  a  gen- 
eral staff  in  two  letters  addressed  by  him  to  Hon.  James  McHenry,  the 
then  Secretary  of  War.     July  4,  1798,  he  wrote: 

In  forming  an  army,  if  a  judicious  choice  is  not  made  of  the  principal  officers  and, 
above  all,  of  the  general  staff,  it  never  can  be  rectified  thereafter.  The  character 
then  of  the  Army  would  be  lost  in  the  superstructure.  The  reputation  of  the  com- 
mander in  chief  would  sink  with  it  and  the  country  be  involved  in  inextricable 
expense.  To  remark  to  a  military  man  how  important  the  general  staff  of  an  army 
is  to  its  well  being  seems  to  be  unnecessary. 

And  again,  on  the  following  day: 

"The  appointment  of  general  officers  is  important,  but  of  those  of  the  general  staff 
all  important. 

The  Inspector-General,  Quartermaster-General,  Adjutant-General,  and  officer  com- 
manding the  corps  of  artillerists  and  engineers,  ought  to  be  men  of  the  most  respect- 
able character  and  of  first  rate  abilities,  because  from  the  nature  of  their  respective 
offices  and  from  their  being  always  about  the  Commander  in  Chief,  who  is  obliged  to 
intrust  many  things  to  them  confidentially,  scarcely  any  movement  can  take  place 
without  their  knowledge.  It  follows,  then,  that  besides  possessing  the  qualifications 
just  mentioned  they  ought  to  have  those  of  integrity  and  prudence  in  an  eminent 
degree  that  entire  confidence  might  be  reposed  in  them.  Without  these,  and  their 
being  on  good  terms  with  the  commanding  general,  his  measures,  if  not  designedly 
thwarted,  may  be  so  embarrassed  as  to  make  them  move  heavily  on. 

If  the  Inspector-General  is  not  an  officer  of  great  respectability  of  character,  firm 
ami  strict  in  discharging  the  duties  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him,  or  if  he  is  too  pliant 
in  his  disposition,  he  will  most  assuredly  be  imposed  upon,  and  the  efficient  strength 
and  condition  of  the  Army  will  not  be  known  to  the  Commander  in  Chief.  Of  course 
he  may  form  his  plans  upon  erroneous  calculations  and  commit  fatal  mistakes. 

If  the  Quartermaster-General  is  not  a  man  of  great  resource  and  activity,  and 
worthy  of  the  highest  confidence,  he  would  be  unfit  for  the  military  station  he  is  to 
occupy;  for,  as  it  is  not  possible  at  all  times  to  mask  real  designs  and  movements 
under  false  appearances,  the  better  and  safer  way  is  to  place  full  confidence  in  him 
under  the  seal  of  responsibility.  Then,  knowing  the  plan,  he  participates  in  the  con- 
cealment, on  which,  and  the  celerity  of  a  movement,  success  oftentimes  entirely 
depends.  In  addition  to  these  requisites  in  a  Quartermaster-General,  economy  in 
providing  for  the  wants  of  an  army,  proper  arrangements  in  the  distribution  of  the 
supplies,  and  a  careful  eye  to  the  use  of  them  is  of  great  importance  and  call  for  a 
circumspect  choice. 

The  Adjutant-General  ought  also  to  be  a  man  of  established  character,  of  great 
activity  and  experience  in  the  details  of  an  army,  and  of  proved  integrity,  or  no 
alertness  can  be  expected  in  the  execution  of  the  several  duties  consigned  to  him  on 


PREFACE.  5 

the  one  hand,  and  everything  to  be  feared  from  treachery  or  neglect  in  his  office 
on  the  other,  by  which  the  enemy  might  be  as  well  informed  of  our  strength  as  of 
their  own. 

It  was  not,  however,  until  1812-1821  that  the  general  staff  was  organ- 
ized on  correct  lines  and  its  several  departments  created,  substantially, 
as  they  have  remained  since. 

Air.  Secretary  William  H.  Crawford,  in  a  report  dated  December  27, 
1815,  expressed  himself  as  follows: 

A  complete  organization  of  the  staff  will  contribute  as  much  to  the  economy  of 
the  establishment  as  to  its  efficiency.  The  stationery  staff  of  a  military  establish- 
ment should  be  substantially  the  same  in  peace  as  iii  war,  without  reference  to  the 
number  or  distribution  of  the  troops  of  which  it  is  composed. 

Hon.  John  C.  Calhoun,  Secretary  of  War,  replying,  December  11, 
1818,  to  a  resolution  of  Congress  asking  what  reduction,  if  any,  might 
be  made  in  the  military  establishment,  wrote: 

The  staff,  as  organized  by  the  act  of  last  session,  combines  simplicity  with  effi- 
ciency. *  *  *  Were  our  military  establishment  reduced  one-half,  it  is  obvious 
that,  if  the  same  posts  continued  to  be  occupied  which  now  are,  the  same  number  of 
officers  in  the  Quartermaster's,  Paymaster's,  Medical,  and  Adjutant  and  Inspector 
General's  Departments  would  be  required. 

To  compare,  then,  as  is  sometimes  done,  our  staff  with  those  of  European  armies 
assembled  in  large  bodies  is  manifestly  unfair.  The  act  of  last  session,  it  is  believed, 
has  made  all  the  reduction  which  ought  to  be  attempted.  It  has  rendered  the  staff 
efficient  without  making  it  expensive.  Such  a  staff  is  not  only  indispensable  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  Army,  but  it  is  also  necessary  to  a  proper  economy  in  its  disburse- 
ments; and  should  an  attempt  be  made  at  retrenchment  by  reducing  the  present 
number,  it  would,  in  its  consequences,  probably  prove  wasteful  and  extravagant. 

In  fact,  no  part  of  our  military  organization  requires  more  attention  in  peace  than 
the  general  staff .  It  is  in  every  service  invariably  the  last  in  attaining  perfection; 
and  if  neglected  in  peace,  when  there  is  leisure,  it  will  be  impossible,  in  the  midst 
of  the  hurry  and  bustle  of  war,  to  bring  it  to  perfection.  It  is  in  peace  that  it  should 
receive  a  perfect  organization,  and  that  the  officers  should  be  trained  to  method  and 
punctuality,  so  that  at  the  commencement  of  a  war,  instead  of  creating  anew,  nothing 
more  should  be  necessary  than  to  give  it  the  necessary  enlargement. 

With  a  defective  staff  we  must  carry  on  our  military  operations  under  great  dis- 
advantages, and  be  exposed,  particularly  at  the  commencement  of  a  war,  to  great 
losses,  embarrassments,  and  disasters. 

The  history  of  the  general  staff  is  marked  by  good  judgment,  great 
executive  ability,  and  readiness  of  execution  in  emergencies.  The 
value  of  the  staff  has  been  fully  demonstrated  by  the  administration 
of  its  affairs  in  the  wars  of  the  past,  but  in  none  more  so  than  during 
the  late  civil  war,  when  the  system  was  submitted  to  most  severe  tests, 
from  which  it  emerged  triumphantly.  The  crowning  evidence  of  its 
thorough  effectiveness  was  the  preparation  of  the  plan  by  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Department  for  the  muster  out  and  disbandment  at  the  close 
of  that  war  of  the  volunteer  armies,  numbering  over  1,500,000  officers 
and  men,  distributed  to  1,274  regiments,  316  independent  companies, 
and  192  batteries. 

The  plan  was  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  General  of 
the  Army  and  was  adopted  within  one  hour  of  its  presentation.  The 
movement  homeward  commenced  May  29, 1865,  and,  had  it  been  prac- 
ticable to  spare  all  the  forces,  the  entire  number  could  easily  have  been 
mustered  out  and  returned  to  their  homes  within  three  months.  Six 
hundred  and  forty  one  thousand  were  mustered  out  within  about  two 
months,  741,000  within  two  and  a  half  months,  and  800,963  were  dis- 
charged by  November  15,  1865.  In  his  annual  report  for  that  j^ear 
General  Grant  states  that — 

These  musters  out  were  admirably  conducted;  800,000  men  (subsequently  increased 
to  1,034,064)  were  passing  from  the  Army  to  civil  life  so  quickly  that  it  was  scarcely 
known,  save  by  the  welcomes  to  their  homes.  PPT 


CONTENTS 


Page. 
I.  General  provisions  affecting  the  several  corps  and  departments  of  the 

general  staff 9 

II.  The  Adjutant-General's  Department 49 

III.  The  Inspector-General's  Department 83 

IV.  The  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 119 

V.  The  Quartermaster's  Department 137 

VI.  The  Subsistence  Department 235 

VII.  The  Medical  Department 359 

VIII.  ThePay  Department 441 

IX.  The  Corps  of  Engineers 481 

X.  The  Ordnance  Department 531 

XL  The  Signal  Corps 609 

MINOR  BUREAUS. 

The  Commissary -General  of  Musters 629 

The  Commissary -General  of  Prisoners 637 

Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands 653 

The  Provost-Marshal-General's  Bureau 665 

ADDENDA. 

General  provisions 681 

The  Quartermaster's  Department 686 

The  Subsistence  Department 687 

The  Medical  Department 689 

The  Ordnance  Department 690 

The  Signal  Corps 690 

7 


I.-GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 


PROVISIONS  AFFECTING  THE  SEVERAL  CORPS  AND 
DEPARTMENTS  OF  THE  GENERAL  STAFF. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN   (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

September  21,  1775. — "Whereas  frequent  applications  are  making  to  the  General, 
Commander  in  Chief,  by  officers  of  all  ranks  and  denominations  for  an  allowance  of 
rations  of  provisions,  which  are  not  only  absolutely  necessary,  but  usual  and  cus- 
tomarily allowed  to  them,  the  General  has  thought  proper  to  order  and  direct  that 
from  the  first  day  of  July  last  there  be  issued  by  the  Commissary-General  the  fol- 
lowing proportion  of  rations,  viz:  To  each  major-general,  15  rations;  to  each  briga- 
dier-general, 12  rations;  to  each  colonel,  6  rations;  to  each  lieutenant-colonel,  5 
rations;  to  each  major,  4  rations;  to  each  captain,  3  rations;  to  each  subaltern,  2 
rations,  and  to  each  staff  officer,  2  rations. ' '     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

March  15,  1776. — Expenses  of  the  horses  of  general  officers,  when  traveling  on 
official  business,  were  to  be  defrayed  by  the  Continent. 

May  10,  1776. — Resolved,  That  this  Congress  has  hitherto  exercised,  and  ought  to 
retain,  the  power  of  promoting  the  officers  in  the  Continental  service  according  to 
their  merit;  and  that  no  promotion  or  succession  shall  take  place  upon  any  vacancy 
without  the  authority  of  a  Continental  commission. 

September  9,  1776. — In  all  commissions  the  words  "United  Colonies"  to  be  altered 
to  "United  States." 

September  16,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Congress  make  provision  for  granting 
lands  in  the  following  proportion:  To  the  officers  .  .  .  who  shall 
so  engage  in  the  service  and  continue  therein  to  the  close  of  the  war, 
or  until  discharged  by  Congress,  and  to  the  representatives  of  such 
officers  and  soldiers  as  shall  be  slain  by  the  enemy. 

Such  lands  to  be  provided  by  the  United  States,  and  whatever 
expense  shall  be  necessary  to  procure  such  land  the  said  expense  shall 
be  paid  and  borne  by  the  States  in  the  same  proportion  as  the  other 
expenses  of  the  war,  viz: 

To  a  colonel,  500  acres;  to  a  lieutenant-colonel,  450;  to  a  major,  400; 
to  a  captain,  300;  to  a  lieutenant,  200;  to  an  ensign,  150;  each  non- 
commissioned officer  and  soldier,'  100. 

September  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  if  rations  be  received  by  the  officers  ...  in 
the  Continental  Army,  in  money,  they  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  &  of  a 
dollar. 

September  20,  1776. 

In  order  to  prevent  the  officers  and  soldiers  who  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  lands  hereafter  to  be  granted  bjr  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the 
16th  from  disposing  of  the  same  during  the  war, 

Resolved,  That  Congress  will  not  grant  lands  to  any  person  or  persons 
claiming  under  the  assignment  of  an  officer  or  soldier. 

n 


12       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

December  27,  1776. 

The  Congress  having  maturely  considered  the  present  crisis  .  .  . 
do  hereby 

Resolve,  That  General  Washington  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  vested 
with  full  and  complete  power  ...  to  displace  and  appoint  all 
officers  under  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  to  fill  up  all  vacancies 
in  every     .     .     .     department  in  the  American  Army. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  -  * 

That  the  foregoing  power  be  vested  in  General  Washington  for  and 
during  the  term  of  six  months  from  the  date  hereof,  unless  sooner 
determined  by  Congress. 

April  10,  1777. — General  Washington  was  asked  to  transmit  to  the  board  of  war  a 
list  of  his  appointments  made  under  powers  vested  in  him. 

August  14,  1777. — Congress  authorized  the  commanding  officer  in  the  Northern 
Department,  for  four  months  from  date  of  resolution,  to  suspend  any  officer  under 
his  command,  for  mal-conduct,  and  to  appoint  others  in  their  room  till  such  time  as 
the  pleasure  of  Congress  can  be  known  concerning  the  person  or  persons  so  suspended; 
and  that  he  report  the  names  of  such  as  he  may  suspend,  with  the  cause  of  their 
suspension. 

August  23,  1777. — General  Washington  to  be  informed  that  Congress  never  intended 
by  any  commission  hitherto  granted  by  them,  or  by  the  establishment  of  any  depart- 
ment whatever,  to  supersede  or  circumscribe  his  powers  as  the  Commander  in  Chief 
of  all  the  Continental  forces  within  the  United  States. 

September  17,  1777. — General  Washington  was  authorized  to  suspend  all  officers 
misbehaving  and  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  under  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  until 
the  pleasure  of  Congress  can  be  communicated;  powers  to  continue  for  60  days  and 
within  a  radius  of  70  miles  of  headquarters.  November  14, 1777,  this  power  was  con- 
tinued to  March  1,  1778,  unless  sooner  revoked. 

January  6,  1778. — Every  officer  and  man  entering  an  hospital  for  treatment  of 
secret  disease  to  pay,  respectively,  $10  and  $4;  such  moneys  to  be  paid  to  the  director- 
general  or  his  order,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  purchase  of  blankets  and  shirts  for  the 
use  of  the  sick  soldiers  in  the  hospital. 

February  3,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  every  officer  who  holds  or  shall  hereafter  hold  a 
commission  or  office  from  Congress  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation: 

' k  I, : ,  do  acknowledge  the  United  States  of  America  to 

be  free,  independent,  and  sovereign  States,  and  declare  that  the  peo- 
ple thereof  owe  no  allegiance  or  obedience  to  George  the  Third,  King 
of  Great  Britain;  and  I  renounce,  refuse,  and  abjure  any  allegiance  or 
obedience  to  him;  and  I  do  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will,  to  the  utmost 
of  my  power,  support,  maintain,  and  defend  the  said  United  States 
against  the  said  King  George  the  Third  and  his  heirs  and  successors, 
and  his  and  their  abettors,  assistants,  and  adherents,  and  will  serve 

the  said  United  States  in  the  office  of ,  which  I  now  hold,  with 

fidelitv,  according  to  the  best  of  my  skill  and  understanding.  So  help 
me  God." 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  all  officers  in  the  Army  shall  take  and  subscribe  the 
foregoing  oath  or  affirmation  before  the  Commancl  ?r  in  Chief,  or  any 
major-general  or  brigadier-general. 

*  *  * 

That  every  officer,  having  the  disposal  of  public  money,  or  who  is 
or  shall  be  intrusted  with  the  charge  or  distribution  of  public  stores, 


GENERAL   PROVISIONS.  13 

shall,  at  the  time  of  taking  and  subscribing  the  foregoing  oath  or  affir- 
mation, also  take  an  oath  or  affirmation  of  office,  in  the  following 
words,  viz: 

"I, ,  do  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully,  truly, 

and  impartially  execute  the  office  of ,  to  which  I  am  appointed, 

and  render  a  true  account,  when  thereunto  required,  of  all  public 
monies  by  me  received  or  expended,  and  of  all  stores  or  other  effects 
to  me  entrusted,  which  belong  to  the  United  States;  and  will,  in  all 
respects,  discharge  the  trust  reposed  in  me  with  justice  and  integrity, 
to  the  best  of  my  skill  and  understanding." 

That  every  officer  taking  the  foregoing  oaths  or  affirmations,  or 
either  of  them,  shall  obtain  from  the  person  administering  the  same 
duplicate  certificates  specifying  the  time  of  his  taking  it,  or  them,  and 
also  his  name  and  rank,  or  employment. 

That  every  military  officer  shall  deliver  or  transmit  one  of  the  cer- 
tificates so  obtained  to  the  commander  in  chief,  or  the  commander  of 
a  department,  or  to  such  person  as  by  general  orders  shall  be  appointed 
to  receive  the  same;  and  the  said  commanding  officers  shall  cause  the 
certificates  so  received  to  be  sent  to  the  secretary  of  Congress,  and 
shall  keep  an  exact  list  of  the  names  of  all  officers  whose  certificates 
shall  be  received  and  forwarded,  together  with  their  several  ranks  and 
the  times  of  their  being  qualified. 

*  ****** 

That  each  deponent  or  affirmant  shall  retain  and  keep  the  other  cer- 
tificate by  him  obtained  as  a  voucher  of  his  having  complied  with  what 
is  hereb3r  enjoined  him: 

Revolved,  That  every  officer,  civil  or  military,  now  in  office,  shall 
take  and  subscribe  the  qualification  above  directed,  within  twenty  days 
after  notice  hereof;  and  every  person  hereafter  appointed  to  any  office 
by  or  under  the  authority  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  of 
America  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  same  previous  to  his  acting  in 
such  office;  and  every  officer  who  shall  continue  or  presume  to  exer- 
cise any  commission,  civil  or  military,  under  the  authority  of  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  of  America,  without  taking  the  qualifi- 
cation in  time  and  manner  above  directed  shall  be  cashiered,  and  forfeit 
two  months'  pay  to  the  use  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  be 
rendered  incapable  of  serving  in  the  Army  of  the  said  States,  and  of 
executing  thereafter  any  office  under  Congress. 

February  9,  1778. — Governors  of  States  authorized  to  suspend,  for  cause,  any  officer 
of  the  staff  not  immediately  appointed  by  Congress,  and  to  make  temporary  appoint- 
ments in  the  place  of  the  officers  suspended,  reporting  their  action  to  Congress. 

May  15,  1778. 

Resolved,  Unanimously,  that  all  military  officers  commissioned  by 
Congress  who  now  are,  or  hereafter  may  be,  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  and  shall  continue  therein  during  the  war,  and  not  hold  any 
office  of  profit  under  these  States,  or  any  of  them,  shall,  after  the  con- 
clusion of  the  war,  be  entitled  to  receive  annually,  for  the  term  of 
seven  years,  if  they  live  so  long,  one-half  of  the  present  pa}^  of  such 
officers:  .  .  .  And  provided,  That  this  resolution  shall  not  extend 
to  any  officer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  unless  he  shall  have 
taken  an  oath  of  allegiance  to,  and  shall  actually  reside  within  some 
one  of  the  United  States. 


14       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

May  27,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  when  any  of  the  staff  officers  appointed  from  the 
line  are  promoted  above  the  ranks  in  the  line  out  of  which  they  are 
respectively  appointable  their  staff  appointments  shall  thereupon  be 
vacated. 

May  29,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  no  persons  hereafter  appointed  upon  the  civil  staff 
of  the  Army  shall  hold  or  be  entitled  to  any  rank  in  the  Army  by 
virtue  of  such  staff  appointment. 

June  2,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  subsistence  money  be  allowed  to  officers  and  others 
on  the  staff  in  lieu  of  extra  rations,  and  that  henceforward  none  of 
them  be  allowed  to  draw  more  than  one  ration  a  day. 

June  4,  1778. — Congress  appointed  Messrs.  Carroll,  Matthews  and  Wentworth  a 
committee  to  extract  from  the  journals,  for  publication,  all  the  resolutions  relative  to 
the  government  of  the  Army. 

June  9,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  value  of  the  rations  due  since  the  1st  of  January 
last  till  the  1st  inst.  be  estimated  at  one-third  of  a  dollar     .     .     . 

June  23,  1778. — Congress  authorized  General  Gates  to  dismiss  all  the  supernumer- 
ary staff  officers  in  the  district  under  his  command. 

August  12,  1778. — Congress  allowed  $500  to  every  officer  whose  duty  required  him 
to  be  mounted  and  whose  horse  was  killed  in  battle. 

November  2J+,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  all  officers  and  persons  employed  on  the  staff  shall 
receive  for  subsistence  money  one-third  of  a  dollar  for  each  extra 
ration  heretofore  allowed  them. 

December  19,  1778. — Messrs.  Duane,  Laurens,  Ellsworth,  Gerry  and  M.  Smith,  con- 
stituted a  committee  to  confer  with  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  principal  offi- 
cers of  the  staff  on  ways  and  means  of  retrenching  the  expenses  of  the  Army. 

April  14,  1779. — The  subsistence  money  allowed  having  become  insufficient  by 
reason  of  the  rapid  increase  of  the  necessaries  of  life,  Congress  recommended  that 
the  several  legislatures  supply  the  officers  of  their  respective  States,  at  the  expense 
of  the  United  States,  with  West  India  rum  at  $  of  a  dollar  a  gallon,  muscovado  sugar 
at  £  a  dollar  per  pound,  coffee  at  \  a  dollar  a  pound,  tea  at  1|  dollars  per  pound,  and 
chocolate  at  \  a  dollar  per  pound. 

May  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  all  staff  officers  who  serve  with  the  Aiinv 
shall  be  allowed  clothing  on  the  same  conditions  as  officers  in  the  line, 
provided  they  engage  for  a  year  or  longer. 

June  12,  1779. 

The  Board  of  War  having  reported  a  form  of  a  commission  for  offi- 
cers of  the  staff,  the  same  was  read  and  agreed  to,  as  follows: 

"The  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  to 

,  greeting: 

"  We,  reposing  especial  trust  and  confidence  in  your  patriotism, 
prudence,  and  fidelity,  do  by  these  presents  constitute  and  appoint  you 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  15 

to  be .     You  are  therefore  faithfully  and  diligentty  to  discharge 

the  duty  of by  doing  and  performing  all  manner  of  things 

thereunto  belonging.  And  you  are  to  observe  and  follow  such  orders 
and  directions,  from  time  to  time,  as  you  shall  receive  from  this  or  a 
future  Congress  of  the  United  States,  or  committee  of  Congress  for 
that  purpose  appointed,  a  committee  of  the  States,  or  Commander  in 
Chief  for  the  time  being  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  or  any 
other  your  superior  officer,  according  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of 
war,  in  pursuance  of  the  trust  reposed  in  you.  This  commission  to 
continue  in  force  until  revoked  by  this  or  a  future  Congress,  the  com- 
mittee of  Congress  before  mentioned,  or  a  committee  of  the  States. 

"Witness ,  President  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 

States  of  America,  at ,  the day  of ,  and  in  the 

year  of  our  independence. 

"Entered  in  the  War  Office,  and  examined  by  the  Board. 

"Secretary  of  the  Board  of  War." 

August  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  half  pay  provided  by  the  resolution  of  the  15th 
of  May,  1778,  be  extended  to  continue  for  life;  and  that  the  holding 
of  a  civil  office  under  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them,  shall  be  no 
bar  to  prevent  any  officer  from  receiving  the  same. 

August  18,  1779. 

Resolved?,  That,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  the  said  officers 
of  the  Army  be  entitled  to  receive  monthly  for  their  subsistence 
money  the  sums  following,  to  wit:  Each  colonel  .  .  .  500  dollars; 
lieutenant-colonel  400  dollars;  every  major  .  .  .  300  dollars; 
every  captain  200  dollars;  every  lieutenant,  ensign  .  .  .  100 
dollars. 

Resolved,  That,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  the  sum  of  10 
dollars  be  paid  to  every  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  monthly 
for  their  subsistence,  in  lieu  of  those  articles  of  food  originally 
intended  for  them  and  not  furnished. 

August  18,  1779. — The  Journals  state  that  Congress  proceeded  to  the  consideration 
of  a  report  for  a  further  allowance  to  the  officers  of  the  Army  (committee  consisted 
of  Messrs.  Duane,  Smith,  Morris,  Laurens  and  Drayton),  and 

"  Resolred,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  said  officers  be  entitled  to 
receive  monthly  for  their  subsistence  money  the  sums  following,  to  wit:  Each  colonel 
and  brigade  chaplain,  500  dollars;  every  lieutenant-colonel,  400  dollars;  every  major 
and  regimental  surgeon,  300  dollars;  every  captain,  200  dollars;  every  lieutenant, 
ensign,  and  surgeon's  mate,  100  dollars. 

"  Renolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  sum  of  10  dollars  be  paid 
to  every  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  monthly  for  their  subsistence  in  lieu 
of  those  articles  of  food  originally  intended  for  them  and  not  furnished." 

October  2,  1779. — "The  following  are  the  uniforms  that  have  been  determined  for 
the  troops  of  these  States,  respectively,  as  soon  as  the  state  of  the  public  supplies  will 
permit"their  being  furnished  accordingly,  and  in  the  meantime  it  is  recommended  to 
the  officers  to  endeavor  to  accommodate  their  uniforms  to  this  standard;  that  when 
the  men  come  to  be  supplied  there  may  l)e  a  proper  uniformity: 

New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut:  Blue,  faced  with 
white;  buttons  and  lining,  white. 

New  York,  New  Jersey:  Blue,  faced  with  buff;  white  lining  and  buttons. 

Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia:  Blue,  faced  with  red;  buttons  and 
lining,  white. 

North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia:  Blue,  hoed  with  blue;  buttonholes, 
edged  with  narrow  white  lace  or  tape;  buttons  and  lining,  white. 


16       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Artillery  and  artillery  artificers:  Blue,  faced  with  scarlet;  scarlet  lining;  yellow 
buttons;  yellow-bound  hats;  coats  edged  with  narrow  lace  or  tape,  and  buttonholes 
bound  with  the  same. 

Light  dragoons:  The  whole,  blue  faced  with  white;  white  buttons  and  linings. 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moure's  House.) 

November  25,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  articles  be  delivered  as  a  suit  of  clothes 
for  the  current  and  every  succeeding  year  of  their  service  to  the 
officers  of  the  .  .  .  staff  entitled  by  any  resolution  of  Congress 
to  receive  the  same,  viz: 

One  hat,  one  watch  coat,  one  body  coat,  four  vests  (one  for  winter 
and  three  for  summer),  four  pair  of  breeches  (two  for  winter  and  two 
for  summer),  four  shirts,  four  stocks,  six  pairs  of  stockings  (three 
pairs  thereof  worsted  and  three  of  thread),  four  pairs  of  shoes. 

For  which  articles  of  clothing  the  officers  shall  pay,  on  receipt 
thereof,  one-half  more  than  the  prices  at  which  the  same  were  cur- 
rently sold  before  the  commencement  of  hostilities,  in  April, 
1775     .     .     . 

******* 

That  all  clothing  issued  to  noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers, 
enlisted  artificers  .  .  .  beyond  that  allowed  to  them  as  a  bounty, 
shall  also  be  valued  and  paid  for  at  the  rate  before  mentioned;  but  no 
noncommissioned  officer,  soldier,  .  .  .  artificer  shall  be  entitled 
to  purchase  in  any  one  year,  out  of  the  public  store,  any  other  addi- 
tional articles  than  those  of  hats,  hose,  shirts,  and  shoes,  and  not  more 
of  these  than  are  absolutely  necessary,  and  not  exceeding  the  number 
of  the  like  articles  allowed  as  their  bounty  clothing. 

That  ...  all  clothing  to  staff  officers  [shall  be  issued]  on  the 
certificate  of  their  principal  with  the  Army  or  in  the  district  within 
which  the}'  shall  serve    .     .     . 

That  no  staff  officer,  artificer,  or  wagoner,  not  being  engaged  for  at 
least  one  year,  shall  receive  clothing;  and  if  any  such  officer,  artificer, 
or  wagoner,  being  engaged  for  one  year  or  more,  after  receipt  of  such 
clothing,  shall  quit  the  service  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  for 
which  he  or  they  are  or  shall  be  engaged,  he  or  they  shall  forfeit  and 
pay  the  full  value  of  such  clothing,  and  be  subject  to  all  other  penal- 
ties and  inconveniences  attending  his  or  their  breach  of  contract  or 
desertion. 

January  8,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  every  officer  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States 
whose  duty  requires  his  being  on  horseback  in  time  of  action  be 
allowed  a  sum  not  exceeding  the  average  price  given  at  the  time,  in 
the  department  or  place  where  the  accident  shall  happen,  for  horses 
purchased  for  private  dragoons,  as  a  compensation  for  any  horse  he 
shall  have  killed  in  battle;  this  resolution  to  have  retrospect  as  far  as 
the  1st  of  January,  1779;  and  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  his  dep- 
uty, is  hereby  authorized  to  pay  the  value  of  such  horses,  not  exceeding 
the  said  price,  to  the  respective  sufferers,  on  the  facts  being  properly 
authenticated. 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  17 

January 90, 17S0. — A  board  of  commissioners  (one  of  whom  to  be  a  member  of  Con- 
gress) was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  expenses  of  the  staff  departments,  to  dis- 
charge supernumerary  and  delinquent  officers  and  men,  to  stop  all  issues  of  rations 
and  other  supplies  not  indispensably  necessary  for  the  service;  any  two  of  them,  in 
conjunction  with  General  Washington,  to  adopt  any  proper  measures  for  promoting 
economy  in  those  departments.  January  21  Congress  elected  Mr.  Schuyler  and 
Colonel  Pickering,  and  January  22  General  Thomas  Mifflin. 

March  11,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  every  officer  who  by  such  regulation  [of 
the  Commander  in  Chief]  shall  be  entitled  to  a  servant,  and  who  shall 
enlist,  to  serve  during  the  war,  a  youth  not  under  fifteen  nor  exceed- 
ing eighteen  }^ears  of  age,  and  who  from  appearances  is  likely  to  prove 
an  able-bodied  soldier,  such  officer  shall  retain  the  youth  so  enlisted 
as  his  servant,  until,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Inspector-General,  or  one  of 
the  subinspectors,  he  shall  be  fit  to  bear  arms,  and  the  youth  shall 
receive  the  bounty  monejr,  clothing,  pay,  and  rations  of  a  soldier;  and 
the  officer  to  whom  such  servant  shall  be  attached  is  not  to  be  allowed 
a  man  out  of  the  ranks,  on  any  pretense  whatsoever,  while  such  serv- 
ant remains  with  him  .  .  .  The  like  allowance  of  clothing,  pay, 
and  rations  shall  be  given  to  any  officer  entitled  as  aforesaid  to  a  serv- 
ant who  shall  bring  into  the  field  with  him  a  servant  of  his  own     .     .     . 

April  10,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  when  Congress  shall  be  furnished  with  proper  docu- 
ments to  liquidate  the  depreciation  of  the  continental  bills  of  credit, 
they  will,  as  soon  thereafter  as  the  state  of  the  public  finances  will 
admit,  make  good  to  the  lines  of  the  Army,  and  the  independent  corps 
thereof,  the  deficiency  of  their  original  pay,  occasioned  by  such  depre- 
ciation; and  that  the  money  and  articles  heretofore  paid  or  furnished, 
or  hereafter  to  be  paid  or  furnished  by  Congress  or  the  States,  or  any 
of  them,  as  for  pay,  subsistence,  or  to  compensate  for  deficient^,  shall 
be  deemed  as  advanced  on  account,  until  such  liquidation  as  aforesaid 
shall  be  adjusted,  it  being  the  determination  of  Congress  that  all  the 
troops  serving  in  the  Continental  Army  shall  be  placed  on  an  equal 
footing:  Provided,  That  no  person  shall  have  any  benefit  of  this  reso- 
lution except  such  as  were  engaged  during  the  war,  or  for  three 
years,  and  are  now  in  service,  or  shall  hereafter  engage  during  the 
war  for  three  years  and  are  now  in  service,  or  shall  hereafter  engage 
during  the  war. 

April  13, 1780. — Messrs.  Schuyler,  Matthews  and  Peabody  constituted  a  committee 
to  confer  with  General  Washington  and  the  chiefs  of  departments,  with  a  view  to 
remedying  defects  and  perfecting  the  arrangement  of  the  several  staff  departments. 

Af/ril  14,  1780. — Congress  tendered  their  thanks  to  General  Mifflin  and  Colonel 
Pickering  for  their  attention  to  the  business  committed  to  them,  manifested  in  their 
plan  for  the  arrangements  of  the  staff  departments,  which  has  been  referred  to  a 
committee  (Messrs.  Schuyler,  Matthews  and  Peabody),  who  are  to  consult  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  the  heads  of  the  staff  departments. 

June  14,  1780. — General  Gates  was  authorized  to  appoint  all  staff  officers  necessary 
for  the  organization  of  the  Southern  Army. 

S.  Doc.  229 2 


18       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

June  18,  1780. — "As  it  is  at  all  times  of  great  importance,  both  for  the  sake  of 
appearance  and  for  the  regularity  of  service,  that  the  different  military  ranks  should 
be  distinguished  from  each  other  and  more  especially  at  present,  the  Commander 
in  Chief  has  thought  proper  to  establish  the  following  distinctions  and  strongly 
recommends  it  to  all  the  officers  to  endeavor  to  conform  to  them  as  speedily  as 
possible:  The  major-generals  to  wear  a  blue  coat  with  buff  facings  and  linings, 
yellow  buttons,  white  or  buff  under  cloth,  two  epaulettes,  with  two  stars  upon  each, 
and  a  black  and  white  feather  in  the  hat.  The  brigadier-generals,  the  same  uniform 
as  the  major-generals  with  the  difference  of  one  star  instead  of  two  and  a  white 
feather.  The  colonels,  lieutenant-colonels,  and  majors,  the  uniforms  of  their  regi- 
ments and  two  epaulettes.  The  captains,  the  uniforms  of  their  regiments  and  an 
epaulette  on  the  right  shoulder.  The  subalterns,  the  uniform  of  their  regiment  and 
an  epaulette  on  the  left  shoulder.  The  aides-de-camp,  the  uniforms  of  their  ranks 
and  corps,  or  if  they  belong  to  no  corps,  of  their  general  officers.  Those  of  the  major- 
generals  and  brigadier-generals  to  have  a  green  feather  in  the  hat;  those  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  a  white  and  green.  The  inspectors — as  well  sub  as  brigade— 
the  uniforms  of  their  ranks  and  corps  with  a  blue  feather  in  the  hat.  The  Corps  of 
Engineers  and  that  of  sappers  and  miners,  a  blue  coat  with  buff  facings,  red  lining, 
buff  under  cloth,  and  the  epaulettes  of  their  respective  ranks.  Such  of  the  staff  as 
have  military  rank  to  wear  the  uniforms  of  their  ranks  and  of  the  corps  to  which 
they  belong  in  the  line;  such  as  have  no  military  rank  to  wear  plain  coats  with 
cockade  and  sword.  All  officers,  as  well  warrant  as  commissioned,  to  wear  a  cockade 
and  side  arms,  either  a  sword  or  genteel  bayonet.  The  general  recommends  it  to  the 
officers  as  far  as  practicable  to  provide  themselves  with  the  uniforms  prescribed  for 

their  respective  corps  by  the  regulations  of ,  published  in  general  orders,  the 

2d  of  October  last."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Short  Hills.) 

July  14,  1780. — "It  was  omitted  in  the  general  order  of  the  18th  of  June  last  to 
mention  that  the  Adjutant-General  and  his  assistants  are  to  wear  a  red  and  green 
feather  in  their  hats  and  the  uniforms  of  their  corps. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Pracaness. ) 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  any  of  the  said  officers  entitled  to  forage, 
who  shall  keep  their  horses  at  their  own  expense,  when  in  camp,  or 
when  absent  from  the  Army  on  public  service,  shall  be  allowed  as 
much  daily  for  the  forage  so  found  as  shall  be  certified  by  the  deputy 
quartermaster  of  the  State  in  which  the  Arm}7  may  be,  to  be  the  net 
current  cost  of  a  ration  of  forage,  every  officer  claiming  such  payment 
producing  a  certificate  from  the  forage  master,  from  whom  he  usually 
draws*  that  he  had  not  drawn  forage  from  him  during  the  time  charged 
for,  and  certifying  upon  honor  that  he  hath  drawn  no  public  forage 
whatever  during  the  said  time,  on  which  a  certificate  shall  pass  from 
the  commissary  of  forage,  or  deputy,  to  the  Quartermaster-General's 
auditor,  for  settlement  of  the  same,  not  exceeding  the  current  net  cost 
of  the  ration  as  settled  by  the  quartermaster  of  the  State:  Provided, 
That  no  officer  on  furlough  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  forage  or  paj^  for 
the  same  for  any  time  he  is  absent  beyond  the  time  allowed  him  by 
his  furlough. 

July  19,  1780. — "The  feathers  directed  to  be  worn  by  major-generals  are  to  have 
the  white  below,  the  black  above.  It  will  be  best  to  have  one  feather,  the  upper 
part  black.  It  is  recommended  to  the  officers  to  have  black  and  white  cockades — 
a  black  ground  with  a  white  relief — emblematic  of  the  expected  union  of  the  two 
armies."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Pracaness.) 

August  12,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  officers  (of  the  Army)  shall  hereafter 
be  allowed  five  dollars  per  month  in  the  said  new  bills  [emission  of 
March  18,  1780]  for  each  retained  ration. 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  19 

Thrt  the  provisions  for  granting  lands  by  the  resolution  of  Septem- 
ber 16,  1770.  be,  and  is  hereby,  extended  to  the  general  officers,  in  the 
following  proportion:  To  a  major-general,  1,100  acres;  a  brigadier- 
general.  850  acres. 

August  H,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  if  it  shall  appear  that  the  subsistence 
money  allowed  to  officers  in  lieu  of  the  rations  withheld  is  not  equal  to 
the  cost  of  the  rations,  the  deficiency  shall  hereafter  be  made  up  to  them. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  resolution  of  the  15th  da}^  of  May, 
1778,  granting  half  pay  for  seven  years  to  the  officers  of  the  Army 
who  should  continue  in  service  to  the  end  of  the  war,  be  extended  to 
the  widows  of  those  officers  who  have  died  or  shall  hereafter  die  in  the 
service;  to  commence  from  the  time  of  such  officers'  death,  and  con- 
tinue for  the  term  of  seven  years;  or  if  there  be  no  widow,  or  in  case 
of  her  death  or  intermarriage,  the  said  half  pay  be  given  to  the  orphan 
children  of  the  officer  dying  as  aforesaid,  if  he  shall  have  left  any,  and 
that  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the  respective  States  to 
which  such  officers  belong,  to  make  provision  for  paying  the  same,  on 
account  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  restricting  clause  in  the  resolution  of  May  15,  1778,  grant- 
ing half  pay  to  the  officers  for  seven  years,  expressed  in  these  words, 
viz,  "And  not  hold  any  office  of  profit  under  these  States,  or  any  of 
them,"  be,  and  is  hereby,  repealed. 

August  29,  1780. — "As  black  and  red  feathers  have  been  furnished  the  division  of 
light  infantry  to  distinguish  it  from  the  rest  of  the  Army,  they  are  not  to  be  worn  by 
any  officers  or  soldiers  but  those  who  belong  to  it."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Team.  Neck.) 

November  29,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  8th  of  January  last,  pro- 
viding for  the  payment  of  officers'  horses  killed  in  action,  be  extended 
to  such  officers  entitled  to  keep  them  who  shall  have  their  horses 
wounded  and  disabled  in  action,  provided  the  horses  so  wounded  and 
disabled  be  delivered  to  the  department  of  the  Quartermaster-General. 

January  26,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  allowance  of  five  dollars  per  month  to  the  officers 
of  the  Army  for  each  retained  ration,  granted  by  an  act  of  the  12th  of 
August  last,  shall  commence  on  the  1st  day  of  August,  1780. 

June  13, 1781. — Congress  declared  that  until  it  shall  be  able  to  liquidate  the  depre- 
ciation of  the  continental  bill  of  credit,  on  the  principles  established  in  the  resolution 
of  April  10,  1780,  that  the  money  paid  by  the  States  to  compensate  officers  of  the 
Army  shall  be  deemed  as  advanced  on  account  until  adjustment  by  Congress  of  such 
liquidation. 

September  -SO,  1781. — "All  officers  and  others  are  strictly  forbid,  for  obvious  reasons, 
to  wear  red  coats."    (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Secretary' i  Quarter.) 

October  80,  1781. — "In  pursuance  of  the  determination  of  a  board  of  general  officers 
Betting  forth  the  means  by  which  the  officers  of  the  Army  may  receive  a  general  benefit 
from  that  article  of  the  Capitulation  which  entitles  them  to  a  right  of  preemption 
of  the  good-  in  the  possession  of  the  traders  in  York  and  Gloucester,  at  the  time  of 
the  surrender  of  these  posts,  the  Commander  in  Chief  is  pleased  to  direct  that  every 
officer  who  came  here  with  this  Army  (coming  under  the  following  description) 
receive  on  account  of  his  pav  to  the  amount  of  twenty  pounds  (dollars,  at  six  shil- 
lings) each,  viz:  *  *  *  The  officers  of  the  hospital,  *  *  *  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  the  Commissary-General,  and  their  deputies;  hut  not  to  include  the  deputies 


20       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

of  deputies.  *  *  *  Heads  of  departments  not  connected  with  brigades  are  them- 
selves to  purchase  for  the  persons  entitled  or  give  written  authority  to  one  person  in 
their  respective  departments  to  do  it  for  them.  The  brigades  and  corps,  having 
balloted  for  priority  of  purchase,  are  to  be  served  in  the  following  order,  viz:  *  *  * 
7,  sappers  and  miners;  8,  9,  10,  the  Quarter  [master] 's,  Commissary's,  and  Hospital 
departments.  *  *  *  The  persons  appointed  to  purchase  for  each  brigade  and 
separate  department  will  have  a  certificate  of  their  appointment  from  Major-General 
St.  Clair.  *  *  *  The  regimental  paymaster  to  take  receipts  from  each  officer,  as 
so  much  pay,  and  transmit  an  account  of  the  aggregate  sum  to  the  Paymaster-General, 
to  be  by  him  charged  to  the  regiment.  Where  officers  are  unconnected  with  bri- 
gades, their  amounts  to  be  transmitted  to  the  Paymaster-General  by  the  general 
officers  to  whom  they  are  attached  and  the  heads  of  departments  to  which  they 
belong.  Until  the  purchases  aboveauthorized  are  completed  and  the  same  announced 
by  a  general  order,  no  person  whatever  is  permitted  to  purchase  on  private  account. ' ' 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York. ) 

January  19,  1782. — "  Commanding  officers  of  *  *  *  corps  are  not  in  future  to 
furnish  servants  or  waggoners  from  their  corps  on  any  pretext  whatever,  without  an 
express  order  from  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  officer  commanding  the  Army.  Officers 
actually  belonging  to  *  *  *  corps  and  serving  with  them  are  to  be  allowed 
servants  from  their  respective  corps,  in  the  following  proportions,  viz:  *  *  *  No 
*  *  *  doctor  to  take  a  convalescent  from  the  hospital  for  a  servant  on  pain  of 
being  tried  by  a  court-martial.  The  general  and  military  staff  and  officers  not 
belonging  to  corps  are  to  be  allowed  servants  in  the  following  proportions,  and  when 
they  are  not  otherwise  provided  may  take  them  from  the  Army,  viz:  Major-general, 
four  servants;  brigadier-general,  four  servants;  colonel,  two  servants  ( without  arms) ; 
lieutenant-colonel,  one  servant  (without  arms);  major,  one  servant  (without  arms); 
captain,  one  servant  (without  arms);  aide-de-camp,  one  servant  (without  arms); 
major  of  brigade,  one  servant  (without  arms).  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Phila- 
delphia. ) 

April  8,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  at  War  .  .  .  issue  his 
warrants  ...  to  the  head  of  each  department  for  the  pay  and 
rations  due  to  each  department;  that  the  accounts  for  the  pa}^  and 
rations  of  .  .  .  each  department  in  the  Army  from  January  1, 
1782,  shall  be  made  out  at  the  end  of  every  month,  and  be  transmitted 
to  the  War  Office  for  examination  and  warrants. 

That  the  manner  of  making  the  paj'ments,  of  keeping  the  accounts, 
.     .     .     be  regulated  by  the  Secretary  at  War. 

April  10,  1782. 

-Resolved,  .  .  .  That  estimates  and  returns  from  the  different 
departments  be  lodged  at  the  War  Office,  to  be  examined  and  approved 
of  by  the  Secretary  at  War. 

April  22,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or 
allowances  to  officers,  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  enti- 
tled to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 
officer  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations,  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 

A  colonel 2  rations  per  day;  12  60/90  dollars  per  month. 

A  lieutenant-colonel.  1£  do.  ;  11  do. 

Major 1 J  do.  ;    8  do. 

Captain 1  do.  ;    6  30/90  do. 

Subaltern 1  do.  ;     3  15/90  do. 

*  *  * 


GENERAL   PROVISIONS.  21 

All  officers  in  the  line  of  the  Army  employed  in  any  of  the  staff 
departments  shall  be  entitled,  while  acting  therein,  to  draw  the  same 
number  of  rations  and  like  subsistence  to  which  they  are  entitled  by 
their  ranks  in  the  Army;  and  when  any  persons,  not  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  are  employed  in  any  of  the  staff  departments,  they  shall  be 
entitled  to  draw  the  same  number  of  rations  and  subsistence  as  officers 
of  the  line  acting  in  similar  stations  in  the  stall'  with  them  are  entitled 
to  draw. 

No  compensation  shall  hereafter  be  made  to  those  officers  who  may 
neglect  to  draw  rations  to  which  they  are  entitled. 

August  7, 1182. — "Honorary  badges  of  distinction  are  to  be  conferred  on  the  veteran 
noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Army,  who  have  served  more  than 
three  years  with  bravery,  fidelity,  and  good  conduct;  for  this  purpose  a  narrow  piece 
of  white  cloth  of  an  angular  form  is  to  be  fixed  to  the  left  arm  on  the  uniform  coats. 
Noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers,  who  have  served  with  equal  reputation  more 
than  six  years,  are  to  be  distinguished  by  two  pieces  of  cloth  set  on  parallel  to  each 
other  in  a  similar  form." 

"The  general,  ever  desirous  to  cherish  virtuous  ambition  in  his  soldiers,  as  well 
as  to  foster  and  encourage  every  species  of  military  merit,  directs  that  whenever  any 
singularly  meritorious  action  is  performed,  the  author  of  it  shall  be  permitted  to 
wear  on  his  facings  over  the  left  breast,  the  figure  of  a  heart  in  purple  cloth  or  silk, 
edged  with  narrow  lace  or  binding."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

August  11,  1782. — "The  badges  which  noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers  are 
permitted  to  wear  on  the  left  arm,  as  a  mark  of  long  and  faithful  service,  are  to  be  of 
the  same  color,  with  the  facings  of  the  corps  they  belong  to,  and  not  white  in  every 
instance  as  directed  in  the  orders  of  the  7th  instant."  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Newburgh. ) 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  any  of  the  officers  entitled  to  forage,  who 
shall  keep  their  horses  at  their  own  expense,  shall  be  paid  therefor  by 
the  Quartermaster-General  at  the  average  price  given  by  him  for  the 
forage  of  the  Army. 

December  3,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  after  the  last  day  of  December  inst.,  in  lieu  of  the 
rations  hitherto  allowed  to  officers  of  the  Army,  including  those  for 
servants,  they  shall  be  allowed  subsistence  money  at  the  rate  of  four 
dollars  per  month  for  each  ration;  provided  that  where  circumstances 
in  any  ease  shall  not  permit  the  payment  of  such  subsistence  money, 
they  shall  draw  their  rations  as  heretofore. 

December  6,  1782. — "The  honorable  Secretary  at  War  having  been  pleased  to  direct 
that  the  uniform  of  the  American  cavalry  and  infantry  shall  in  future  he  hlne  ground 
with  red  facings  and  white  linings  and  buttons,  the  General  gives  this  early  notice 
that  provision  may  be  made  accordingly  before  the  Army  shall  receive  their  clothing 
for  the  present  year.  The  Corps  of  Artillery  is  to  retain  the  present  uniform,  and  the 
suppers  and  miners  will  have  the  same."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

December  13,  1782. 

AVW/vv/.  Thai  every  officer  whose  duty  requires  bis  being  on  horse- 
back who  shall  have  his  horse  killed,  or  wounded,  or  disabled  by  the 
enemy,  or  whose  horse  shall  fall  into  the  enemy's  bands  without  his 
own  manifest  fault  or  misconduct,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  from  the 
Quartermaster-General  or  his  deputy  the  just  value  of  such  horse,  to 
be  tippraised  on  oath,  or  on  honor  of  the  appraisers,  it'  commissioned 
officers,  provided  the  same  does  not  exceed  120  dollars;  provided  also, 


22       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

that  if  the  wounded  or  disabled  horse  be  brought  off,  he  shall  be  deliv- 
ered to  some  officer  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  whose  certifi- 
cate shall  be  necessar}^  to  entitle  the  owner  to  compensation:  provided 
also,  that  before  any  compensation  shall  be  made  for  horses  lost  in  the 
manner  before  mentioned,  the  necessary  facts  shall  be  proved  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  deputy.  .  .  .  This 
resolution  to  have  retrospect  to  the  first  of  January,  1779;  this  resolu- 
tion not  to  extend  to  officers  who  have  already  received  compensation 
for  horses  lost  since  that  day. 

December  15,  1782. — "  By  the  order  of  the  6th  instant  respecting  uniformity  of 
clothing  for  the  Army,  the  General  did  not  propose  that  the  coats  should  all  be  made 
in  the  same  mode;  on  the  contrary,  he  wishes  commanding  officers  of  the  different 
lines  and  corps  would  agree  among  themselves  on  such  distinctions  as  may  be  deemed 
proper  in  the  fashion  of  the  lapels,  cuffs,  buttons,  &c."  {Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters, Newburgh. ) 

January  3,  1783. — "Duplicate  accounts  of  the  subsistence  of  departments  and  gen- 
eral officer's  family,  to  be  signed  by  the  heads  of  the  departments  and  general  officer." 
{Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

February  21,  1783. 

Whereas  sundry  officers  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  have  been 
taken  from  the  line  to  act  in  the  departments  of  the  general  staff,  and 
are  entitled  to  additional  pay  in  consequence  thereof: 

Resolved,  That  it  be,  and  hereby  is,  recommended  to  the  several 
States,  to  whom  such  officers  respectively  belong,  to  adjust  and  dis- 
charge, on  account  of  the  United  States,  the  deficiencies  on  the  addi- 
tional pay  to  which  they  are  entitled  by  the  resolutions  of  Congress,  in 
the  same  manner  and  to  the  same  time  they  settle  their  accounts  as 
officers  of  the  line. 

February  24,  -1783. — "The  nonarrival  of  the  clothing  expected  from  Europe  renders 
the  greatest  economy  in  that  article  doubly  necessary.  The  Commander  in  Chief 
therefore  recommends  that  the  business  of  turning  and  repairing  the  coats  of  last  year 
should  now  be  considered  as  a  primary  object,  in  doing  which  a  certain  model  as  to 
the  fashion  and  length  (for  the  coats  ought  to  be  made  something  shorter  than  at 
present)  will  be  established  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  corps,  from  which 
there  must  be  no  deviation.  .  .  It  is  expected  scarlet  cloth  for  cuffs,  capes,  and  per- 
haps half  facings  will  be  furnished,  as  the  Secretary  at  War  has  been  pleased  to  give 
assurances  that  he  will  cause  a  quantity  of  that  cloth,  together  with  a  sufficiency  of 
thread,  to  l^e  immediately  forwarded  from  Philadelphia,  if  possible."  ( Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

March  3,  1783. — "  Notwithstanding  the  proposed  alteration  in  the  uniform  of  the 
infantry  and  cavalry,  it  appears  necessary,  from  the  inevitable  circumstances,  that  all 
the  light  infantry  companies  should  be  clothed  in  blue  coats,  faced  with  white,  until 
further  orders. ' '     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

March  n,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  such  officers  as  are  now  in  service,  and  shall  continue 
therein  to  the  end  of  the  war,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  amount 
of  five  years'  full  pay  in  money,  or  securities  on  interest  at  six  per 
cent  per  annum,  as  Congress  shall  find  most  convenient,  instead  of  the 
half  pav  promised  for  life  by  the  resolution  of  the  21st  day  of  Octo- 
ber, 1780.     .     .     . 

April  14, 1783. — "The  regiments  which  have  not  turned  and  repaired  their  coats  are 
to  draw  lots  for  the  scarlet  cloth  which  arrived  yesterday.  Such  corps  as  can  not  n<  •  w 
be  supplied  must  retain  their  old  uniform.  Everything  that  can  be  done  previous  to 
the  first  of  May  to  make  the  troops  appear  respectable  ought  to  be  attempted.  An 
extra  allowance  of  one  ration  per  coat  will  be  made  for  every  regimental  coat  that 
has  or  shall  be  turned."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  23 

September  17,  1783. 

Whereas  the  legislatures,  as  well  as  the  citizens  of  several  States,  are 
opposed  to  the  allowance  of  half  pay  to  officers  of  the  Army,  and  also 
to  the  commutation  made  by  an  act  of  Congress  of  22d  March  last; 
and  it  is  the  request  of  the  delegates  of  such  States  that  the  legislatures 
thereof  may  have  an  opportunity  of  effecting  a  compromise  with  the 
officers  of  their  respective  lines,  and  of  enabling  them  to  retain  the 
affection  and  esteem  of  their  fellow-citizens: 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  at  War  be  directed  to  transmit  to  the 
legislatures  of  the  States  of  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Provi- 
dence Plantations,  and  of  such  other  States  as  may  apply  for  the  same, 
a  list  of  the  officers  belonging  to  such  States,  respectively,  to  whom 
half  pay  or  the  commutation  had  been  promised  by  Congress,  .  .  ; 
in  order  that  the  said  legislatures,  if  they  shall  deem  it  expedient,  may 
reward  the  services  of  the  said  officers  in  a  way  that  shall  be  mutually 
agreeable  to  them:  .  .  .  Provided,  That  such  officers  as  may  not 
accept  the  proposals  of  their  respective  States  for  rewarding  their 
services  aforesaid  shall  be,  nevertheless,  entitled  to  the  commutation 
and  every  other  emolument  granted  them  by  act  of  Congress. 

September  86 1  1783. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  authorized  and  directed 
to  grant  furloughs  to  such  of  the  general,  medical,  and  staff  officers 
and  the  officers  of  the  engineers  whose  services  are  not,  in  his  opinion, 
necessary  for  the  troops  remaining  in  actual  service. 

September  30,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  War  issue  to  all  officers  in  the  Army 
under  the  rank  of  major-general  who  hold  the  same  rank  now  that  they 
held  in  the  year  1777  a  brevet  commission  one  grade  higher  than  their 
present  rank,  having  respect  to  their  seniority.     .     .     . 

STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  June  1,  1789  (1  Stats.,  23). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  time  and  manner  of  administering  certain  oaths. 

That  the  oath  or  affirmation  required  by  the  sixth  article  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  snail  be  administered  in  the  form 
following,  to  wit:  "  I,  A  B,  do  solemly  swear  (or  affirm,  as  the  case  may 
be)  that  I  will  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States."     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  all  officers  appointed,  or  hereafter  to  be  appointed 
under  the  authority  of  the  united  States,  shall,  before  they  act  in 
their  respective  offices,  take  the  same  oath  or  affirmation,  which  shall 
be  administered  by  the  person  or  persons  who  shall  be  authorized  by 
law  to  administer  to  such  officers  their  respective  oaths  of  office;  and 
such  officers  shall  incur  the  same  penalties  in  case  of  failure  as  shall 
be  imposed  by  law  in  case  of  failure  in  taking  their  respective  oaths 
of  office. 


24       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  June  7,  1794  (1  Stats.,  390). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  the  "Act  for  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision 
for  the  protection  of  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States. ' ' 

Sec  1.  That  if  any  commissioned  officer  .  .  .  shall,  while  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  die  by  reason  of  wounds  received  in 
actual  service  of  the  United  States,  and  shall  leave  a  widow,  or  if  no 
widow,  shall  leave  a  child  or  children  under  age,  such  widow,  or  if  no 
widow,  such  child  or  children,  shall  be  entitled  to  and  receive  the  half 
of  the  monthly  pay  to  which  the  deceased  was  entitled  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  for  and  during  the  term  of  five  years;  and  in  case  of  the 
death  or  intermarriage  of  such  widow,  before  the  expiration  of  the 
said  term  of  five  years,  the  half  pay  for  the  remainder  of  the  term, 
shall  go  to  the  child  or  children  of  such  deceased  officer,  while  under 
the  age  of  sixteen  years,  and,  in  like  manner,  the  allowance  to  the 
child  or  children  of  such  deceased,  where  there  is  no  widow,  shall  be 
paid  no  longer  than  while  there  is  a  child  or  children  under  the  age 
aforesaid:  Provided,  That  no  greater  sum  shall  be  allowed  in  any  case, 
to  the  widow  or  to  the  child  or  children  of  any  officer,  than  the  half 
pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1795  (1  Stats.,  430). 

AN  ACT  for  continuing  and  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 

States,  and  for  repealing  sundry  acts  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject. 

•x-  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  if  any  officer  .  .  .  shall  be  wounded  or  disabled 
while  in  the  line  of  his  duty  in  public  service  he  shall  be  placed  on 
the  list  of  the  invalids  of  the  United  States,  at  such  rate  of  pay  and 
under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  directed  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  for  the  time  being:  Provided  always,  That  the  rate  of 
compensation  to  be  allowed  for  such  wounds  or  disabilities  to  a  com- 
missioned officer  shall  never  exceed  for  the  highest  disability  half  the 
monthly  pay  of  such  officer  at  the  time  of  his  being  so  disabled  or  ' 
wounded:  .  .  .  And  provided  also,  That  all  inferior  disabilities 
shall  entitle  the  person  so  disabled  to  receive  an  allowance  propor- 
tionate to  the  highest  disability. 


Act  of  May  12,  1796  (1  Stats.,  4.63). 

AN  ACT  allowing  compensation  for  horses  killed  in  battle  belonging  to  officers  of 
the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  1.  That  every  officer  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  whose 
duty  requires  him  to  be  on  horseback  in  time  of  action,  and  whoso 
horse  shall  be  killed  in  battle,  be  allowed  a  sum  not  exceeding  two  hun- 
dred dollars  as  a  compensation  for  each  horse  killed. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  provision  contained  in  this  act  shall  have  retrospec- 
tive operation  as  far  as  the  fourth  day  of  March  in  the  year  one  thou- 
sand seven  hundred  and  eighty-nine.     .     .     . 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  25 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  749). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  fill  certain  vacancies  in 

the  Army  and  Navy. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be,  and  he  is  hereb}-, 
authorized  to  make  appointments  to  till  any  vacancies  in  the 
Army  .  .  .  which  ma}^  have  happened  during  the  present  session 
of  the  Senate. 

Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers    .     .     .    be  as  follows, 
to  wit:     ...     to  each  colonel,  seventy -five  dollars;  to  each  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, sixty  dollars;  to  each   major,  fifty  dollars; 
to  each  captain,  forty  dollars;  to  each  first  lieutenant,  thirty  dollars; 
to  each  second  lieutenant,  twenty-five  dollars;     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations  of 
provisions:  A  colonel,  six  rations;  a  lieutenant-colonel,  five  rations; 
a  major,  four  rations;  a  captain,  three  rations;  a  lieutenant,  two 
rations  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof  at  the  option  of  the  said  offi- 
cers ...  at  the  posts,  respectively,  when  the  rations  shall  become 
due;  and  if  at  such  post  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract,  then 
such  allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to  for- 
mer contracts,  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question:  .  .  .  ; 
and  to  every  commissioned  officer  who  snail  keep  one  servant,  not  a 
soldier  of  the  line,  one  additional  ration. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  following  officers  shall,  whenever  forage  is  not 
furnished -by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the  following  sums  per 
month  in  lieu  thereof:  Each  colonel,  twelve  dollars;  each  lieutenant- 
colonel,  eleven  dollars;  each  major,  ten  dollars;  .  .  .  each  surgeon, 
ten  dollars,  and  each  surgeon's  mate,  six  dollars. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  if  any  officer  ...  in  the  corps  composing  the 
peace  establishment  shall  be  disabled  by  wounds  or  otherwise  while  in 
the  line  of  his  duty  in  public  service,  he  shall  be  placed  on  the  list  of 
invalids  of  the  United  States,  at  such  rate  of  pay  and  under  such  regu- 
lations as  may  be  directed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  for 
the  time  being:  Provided  al/wa/y8,  That  the  compensation  to  be  allowed 
for  such  wounds  or  disabilities  to  a  commissioned  officer  shall  not 
exceed  for  the  highest  disability  half  the  monthly  pay  of  such  officer 
at  the  time  of  his  being  disabled  or  wounded,  and  that  no  officer  .shall 
receive  more  than  the  half  pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel:  .  .  .  And 
provided 'also,  That  all  inferior  disabilities  shall  entitle  the  person  so 
disabled  to  receive  an  allowance  proportionate  to  the  highest  disability. 

Sec.  15.  That  if  any  commissioned  officer  in  the  military  peace 
establishment  of  the  United  States  shall,  while  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  <iie  by  reason  of  any  wound  received  in  actual  service 
of  the  United  States,  and  leave  a  widow,  or  if  no  widow  a  chil  d  or 
children  under  sixteen  years  ot  age,  such  widow,  or  if  no  widow  such 


26      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAEP  OP  TT.   S.   ARMY. 

child  or  children,  shall  be  entitled  to  and  receive  half  the  monthly,  pay 
to  which  the  deceased  was  entitled  at  the  time  of  his  death,  for  and  dur- 
ing the  term  of  five  jrears.  But  in  case  of  the  death  or  intermarriage 
of  such  widow  before  the  expiration  of  the  said  term  of  five  years,  the 
half  pay  for  the  remainder  of  the  time  shall  go  to  the  child  or  children 
of  such  deceased  officer:  Provided  always,  That  such  half  pay  shall 
cease  on  the  decease  of  such  child  or  children. 


Act  of  April  12,  1808  (2  Stats.,  481). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  addititional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  subsistence  of  the  officers  of  the  Army,  when  not 
received  in  kind,  shall  be  estimated  at  twenty  cents  per  ration. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  January  11,  18  m  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  subsistence  of  the  officers  of  the  Army,  when  not 
received  in  kind,  shall  be  estimated  at  twenty  cents  per  ration. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  784). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  confer  brevet 
rank  on  such  officers  of  the  Army  as  shall  distinguish  themselves  by 
gallant  actions  or  meritorious  conduct,  or  who  shall  have  served  ten 
years  in  any  one  grade:  Provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
be  so  construed  as  to  entitle  officers  so  brevetted  to  any  additional  pay 
or  emoluments.     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  officers  who  shall  not  take  waiters  from  the  line  of 
the  Army  shall  receive  the  pay,  clothing,  and  subsistence  allowed  to 
a  private  soldier  for  as  many  waiters  as  they  may  actually  keep,  not 
exceeding  the  number  allowed  by  existing  regulations. 

January  11,  1812  {2-671). — Reenacts  sections  14  and  15  of  act  of  March  16,  1802. 

Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT  for  the  oett  r  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  .  .  .  And  officers  taken  from  the  line  and  transferred  to 
the  staff  shall  receive  only  the  pay  and  emoluments  attached  to  the 
rank  in  the  staff;  but  their  transfer  shall  be  without  prejudice  to  their 
rank  and  promotion  in  the  line  according  to  their  said  rank  and 
seniority,  which  promotion  shall  take  place  according  to  usage,  in  the 
same  manner  as  if  they  had  not  been  thus  transferred. 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  27 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  the  War 
Department,  and  he  is  hereby  authorized,  to  prepare  general  regula- 
tions better  denning  and  prescribing  the  respective  duties  and  powers 
of  the  several  officers  in  .  .  .  the  general  .  .  .  staff,  which 
regulations,  when  approved  by  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
shall  be  respected  and  obeyed  until  altered  or  revoked  by  the  same 
authority;  and  the  said  general  regulations,  thus  prepared  and 
approved,  shall  be  laid  before  Congress  at  their  next  session. 


Act  of  July  $&,  1813  {3  Stats.,  34). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  allowance  of  forage  to  officers  in  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

That  all  officers  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States  who 
are  by  law  entitled  to  forage  shall  receive  in  lieu  thereof  when  not 
drawn  in  kind  an  equivalent  in  money,  at  the  rate  of  eight  dollars  per 
month  for  each  horse  to  which  they  may  be  entitled:  Provided, 
That  no  allowance  shall  be  made  to  any  officer  for  more  horses  than 
he  shall  actually  employ  in  the  public  service. 

Act  of  March  30,  18  U  (3  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 


Sec.  9.  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  June  next  the  officers  of 
the  Army  shall  be  entitled  to  waiters  agreeable  to  grade,  as  follows: 

.  .  .  Every  commissioned  officer  who  holds  a  staff  appointment 
which  gives  the  rank  of  captain,  or  any  higher  grade,  one.     .     .     . 

Sec.  10.  That  no  officer  shall  be  permitted  to  employ  as  a  servant 
any  soldier  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  that  the  servants  of  officers, 
not  exceeding  the  number  allowed  by  the  preceding  section,  shall  be 
mustered  with  the  same  corps  of  the  Army,  and  that  on  the  muster 
rolls  formed  in  consequence  thereof  payments  shall  be  made  in  money 
to  the  officers  employing  them  in  lieu  of  wages,  subsistence,  and  cloth- 
ing, by  the  paymasters  of  the  several  corps  or  districts  where  such 
servants  are  mustered,  at  the  rate  allowed  to  privates  of  infantry, 
which  shall  be  published  to  the  Army  annually  by  the  Secretary  for 
the  Department  of  War. 


Act  of  March  3,  1815  (3  Stats.,  Mf). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  j>eace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  6.  That  to  each  commissioned  officer  who  shall  be  deranged  by 
virtue  of  this  act  the*re  shall  be  allowed  and  paid,  in  addition  to  the 
pay  and  emoluments  to  which  they  will  be  entitled  by  law  at  the  time 
of  his  discharge,  three  months'  pay. 


28       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  XT.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  April  U,  IS  16  (3  Stats,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the 
Army  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  9.  That  the  several  officers  of  the  staff  shall  respectively  receive 
the  pay  and  emoluments  and  retain  all  the  privileges  secured  to  the 
staff  of  the  Army  by  the  act  of  March  third,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirteen,  and  not  incompatible  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act;  and  that  the  regulations  in  force  before  the  reduction  of  the  Army 
be  recognized,  as  far  as  the  same  shall  be  found  applicable  to  the  serv- 
ice, subject,  however,  to  such  alterations  as  the  Secretar}'  of  War  may 
adopt,  with  the  approbation  of  the  President. 

Sec.  10.  That     .     .     .     hereafter  the  staff  of  the  Army  may  be 
taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  or  from  citizens. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  when  forage  is  not  drawn  in  kind  by  officers  of  the 
Army  entitled  thereto,  eight  dollars  per  month  for  each  horse,  not 
exceeding  the  number  authorized  by  existing  regulations,  shall  be 
allowed  in  lieu  thereof:  Provided,  That  neither  forage  nor  money 
shall  be  drawn  by  officers  but  for  horses  actually  kept  b}r  them  in 
service:  Provided  also,  That  none  except  company  officers  shall  be 
allowed  to  take  as  servants  or  waiters  soldiers  of  the  Army,  and  that 
all  officers  be  allowed,  for  each  private  servant  actually  kept  in  serv- 
ice, not  exceeding  the  number  authorized  by  existing  regulations,  the 
pay,  rations,  and  clothing  of  a  private  soldier,  or  money  in  lieu  thereof, 
on  a  certificate  setting  forth  the  name  and  description  of  the  servant 
or  servants  in  the  pay  account.     .     .     . 

Act  of  March  3,  1817  (3  Stats.,  394). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  making  further  provision  for  military 
services  during  the  late  war,  and  for  other  purposes." 

•x-  •;:•  -;:- 

Sec.  2.  That  the  provisions  contained  in  an  Act,  entitled  "An  Act 
fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,"  passed 
on  the  third  of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  grant- 
ing to  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  who  were 
deranged  by  said  Act,  three  months'  pay  in  addition  to  the  pay  and 
emoluments  to  which  they  were  entitled  b}*  law  at  the  time  of  their 
discharge,  shall  equally  extend  to  .  .  .  warrant  officers  of  the 
staff  of  the  Regular  Army,  who  were  deranged  by  the  before  recited 
Act,  except  those  provisionally  retained  by  the  President  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  18,  1818  (3  Stats.,  410). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  certain  persons  engaged  in  the  land  and  naval  service  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

That  every  commissioned  officer,  noncommissioned  officer  .  .  . 
who  served  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  until  the  end  thereof,  or  for 
the  term  of  nine  months,  or  longer,  at  any  period  of  the  war,  on  the 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  29 

Continental  establishment  .  .  .  who  is  }ret  a  resident  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  is,  or  hereafter,  by  reason  of  his  reduced  circumstances 
in  life,  shall  be,  in  need  of  assistance  from  his  country  for  support, 
and  shall  have  substantiated  his  claim  to  a  pension  in  the  manner  herein 
directed,  shall  receive  a  pension  from  the  United  States;  if  an  officer, 
of  twenty  dollars  per  month  during  life;  if  a  noncommissioned  officer 
.  .  .  of  eight  dollars  per  month  during  life;  Provided,  No  person 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  until  he  shall  have  relin- 
quished his  claim  to  every  pension  heretofore  allowed  him  by  the  laws 
of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  April  U,  1818  (3  Stats.,  426). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  to  each  commissioned  officer  who  shall  be  deranged  by 
virtue  of  this  Act,  there  shall  be  allowed  and  paid,  in  addition  to  the 
pay  and  emoluments  to  which  they  will  be  entitled  by  law,  at  the  time 
of  their  discharge,  three  months'  pay  and  emoluments.     .     . 

ft  -X-  * 

Act  of  April  16,  1818  (3  Stats.,  J$7). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  brevet  officers^ 

-X-  #  •::- 

Sec.  2.  That  no  brevet  commission  shall  hereafter  be  conferred  but 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Act  of  May  1,  1820  (3  Stats.,  567). 

A  X  ACT  in  addition  to  the  several  acts  for  the  establishment  and  regulation  of  the 
Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  tt 

Sec.  <>.  That  no  contract1  shall  hereafter  be  made  by  the  Secretary 
.  .  .  of  the  Department  of  War,  .  .  .  except  under  a  law 
authorizing  the  same,  or  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  ful- 
filment.    .     .     . 


.  Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  266). 

AX  ACT  to  increase  the  j. resent  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 

*  *  ->:• 

Sec.  L5.  That  every  commissioned  officer  of  the  .  ..  .  staff, 
exclusive  of  general  officers,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  one  addi- 
tional ration  per  diem  for  every  five  years  he  may  have  served  or  shall 
serve  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States.     .     .     . 


'Excepting  contracts  for  the  subsistence  and  clothing  of  the  Army. 


30      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  July  7,  1838  {5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 

First.  Nothing  contained  in  the  said  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
allow  to  any  officer  additional  rations  for  time  past,  commonly  called 

back  rations. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1839  (5  Stats.,  339). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  civil  and  diplomatic  expenses  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-nine. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  no  officer  in  any  branch  of  the  public  service,  or  any 
other  persons  whose  salaries,  or  whose  pay  or  emoluments  is  or  are 
fixed  by  law  and  regulations,  shall  receive  any  extra  allowance  or 
compensation  in  any  form  whatever  for  the  disbursement  of  public 
money,  or  the  performance  of  any  other  service,  unless  the  said  extra 
allowance  or  compensation  be  authorized  by  law;  nor  shall  any  execu- 
tive officer,  other  than  the  heads  of  departments,  apply  more  than 
thirty  dollars,  annually,  out  of  the  contingent  fund  under  his  control, 
to  pajT  for  newspapers,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  or  other  books  or  prints 
not  necessary  for  the  business  of  his  office. 

Act  of  August  23,  18 J$  {5  Stats.,  508). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army,  and  of  the  Military 
Academy,  for  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-two. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  no  officer  in  any  branch  of  the  public  service,  or  any 
other  person  whose  salary,  pay,  or  emoluments  is  or  are  fixed  by  law 
or  regulations,  shall  receive  any  additional  pay,  extra  allowance,  or 
compensation,  in  any  form  whatever,  for  the  disbursement  of  public 
money,  or  for  any  other  service  or  duty  whatsoever,  unless  the  same 
shall  be  authorized  by  law,  and  the  appropriation  therefor  explicitly 
set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  additional  pay,  extra  allowance,  or  com- 
pensation. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  18,  18 4S  (9  Stats.,  17): 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  providing  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,"  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.     .     .  that  appointments     ...     in  the  general  staff, 

which  confer  equal  rank  in  the  Army,  shall  not  be  held  by  the  same 
officer  at  the  same  time;  and  when  any  officer  of  the  staff  who  may 
have   been  taken  from  the  line  shall,  in  virtue  of   seniority,  have 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  31 

obtained  or  be  entitled  to  promotion  to  a  grade  in  his  regiment  equal 
to  the  commission  he  may  hold  in  the  staff,  the  said  officer  shall  vacate 
such  staff  commission,  or  he  ma3T,  at  his  option,  vacate  his  commission 
in  the  line. 


Act  of  March  3,  184-7  (9  Stats.,  188). 
AN  ACT  to  establish  certain  post  routes,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  4.  That  all  letters,  newspapers,  and  other  packets,  not  exceed- 
ing in  weight  one  ounce,  directed  to  any  officer  ...  of  the 
Army  of  the  United  States  in  Mexico,  or  at  any  post  or  place  on  the 
frontier- of  the  United  States  bordering  on  Mexico,  shall  be  conveyed 
in  the  mail  free  of  postage. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  two  preceding  sections  shall  continue  in  force  dur- 
ing the  present  war,  and  for  three  months  after  the  same  may  be 
terminated,  and  no  longer. 


Act  of  March  3,  1851  (9  Stats.,  618). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-two. 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  all  promotions  in  the  staff  department  or 
corps  shall  be  made  as  in  other  corps  of  the  Army. 


Act  of  August  31,  1852  (10  Stats.,  76). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  civil  and  diplomatic  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-three, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  officer  ...  in  charge 
of  any  bureau  ...  in  any  of  the  departments  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  print,  or  cause  to  be  printed,  at  the  public  expense,  any  report 
he  may  make  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  or  to  the  head  of 
any  of  the  departments. 


Act  of  February  21,  1857  (11  Stats.,  163). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  pay  of  the  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  from  and  after  the  commencement  of  the  present  fiscal  year 
the  pay  of  each  commissioned  officer  of  the  Army,  including  military 
storekeepers,  shall  be  increased  twenty  dollars  per  month,  and  that 
the  commutation  price  of  officers'  subsistence  shall  be  thirty  cents  per 
ration. 


32       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  August  3,  1861  (12  Stats.,  287). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  15.  That  any  commissioned  officer  of  the  Army  .  .  .  who 
shall  have  served  as  such  for  forty  consecutive  years,  may,  upon  his 
own  application  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  be  placed  on 
the  list  of  retired  officers,  with  the  pay  and  emolument  allowed  b}^ 
this  act. 

Sec.  16.  That  if  any  commissioned  officer  of  the  Army  .  .  . 
shall  have  become  incapable  of  performing  the  duties- of  his  office,  he 
shall  be  placed  upon  the  retired  list  and  withdrawn  from  active  service 
and  command  and  from  the  line  of  promotion,  with  the  following  pay 
and  emoluments,  namely,  the  pay  proper  of  the  highest  rank  .held  by 
him  at  the  time  of  his  retirement,  whether  by  staff  .  .  .  commis- 
sion, and  four  rations  per  day,  and  without  any  other  pay,  emoluments, 
or  allowances.     .     .     . 

Sec.  17.  That,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the 
Secretary  of  War,  .  .  .  under  the  direction  and  approval  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  shall,  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion 
may  require,  assemble  a  board  of  not  more  than  nine,  nor  less  than 
five  commissioned  officers,  two-fifths  of  whom  shall  be  of  the  medical 
staff;  the  board,  except  those  taken  from  the  medical  staff,  to  be  com- 
posed, as  far  as  may  be,  of  his  seniors  in  rank,  to  determine  the  facts 
as  to  the  nature  and  occasion  of  the  disability  of  such  officers  as 
appear  disabled  to  perform  such  military  service,  such  board  being 
hereby  invested  with  the  powers  of  a  court  of  inquiry  and  court-mar- 
tial, and  their  decision  shall  be  subject  to  like  revision  as  that  of  such 
courts  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  18.  That  the  officers  partially  retired  shall  be  entitled  to  wear 
the  uniform  of  their  respective  grades,  shall  continue  to  be  borne 
upon  the  Army  Register,  .  .  .  and  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules 
and  articles  of  war,  and  to  trial  by  general  court-martial  for  any 
breach  of  the  said  articles. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  officers  of  the  Army,  when  absent  from  their  appro- 
priate duties  for  a  period  exceeding  six  months,  either  with  or  with- 
out leave,  shall  not  receive  the  allowances  authorized  by  the  existing 
laws  for  servants,  forage,  transportation  of  baggage,  fuel,  and  quar- 
ters, either  in  kind  or  in  commutation. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  retired  officers  of  the  Army  .  .  .  may  be 
assigned  to  such  duties  as  the  President  may  deem  them  capable  of 
performing,  and  such  as  the  exigencies  of  the  public  service  may 
require. 

Act  of  August  5,  1861  {12  Stats.,  316). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation*  for  ratifications,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  any  commissioned  officer  of  the  Army,  .  .  .  who, 
having  tendered  his  resignation,  shall,  prior  to  due  notice  of  the 
acceptance  of  the  same  by  the  proper  authority,  and  without  leave, 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  33 

shall  quit  his  post  or  proper  duties  with  the  intention  to  remain  per- 
manently absent  therefrom,  shall  be  registered  as  a  deserter  and  pun- 
ished as  such. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  2,  1862  (12  Stats.,  502). 

AN  ACT  to  prescribe  an  oath  of  office,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  hereafter  every  person  .  .  .  appointed  to  any  office  of 
honor  or  profit  under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  .  .  . 
in  the  .  .  .  military,  .  .  .  departments  of  the  public  service, 
excepting  the  President  of  the  United  States,  shall,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  such  office,  and  before  being  entitled  to  any  of  the 
salary  or  other  emoluments  thereof,  take  and  subscribe  to  the  following 
oath  or  affirmation:  "I,  A.  B.,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I 
have  never  voluntarily  borne  arms  against  the  United  States  since  I 
have  been  a  citizen  thereof;  that  I  have  voluntarily  given  no  aid,  coun- 
tenance, counsel,  or  encouragement  to  persons  engaged  in  armed  hos- 
tility thereto;  that  I  have  neither  sought  nor  accepted  nor  attempted 
to  exercise  the  functions  of  any  office  whatever  under  any  authority  or 
pretended  authority  in  hostility  to  the  United  States;  that  I  have  not 
yielded  a  voluntary  support  to  any  pretended  government,  authority, 
power,  or  constitution  within  the  United  States,  hostile  or  inimical 
thereto.  And  I  do  further  swear  (or  affirm)  that,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge  and  ability,  I  will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  foreign  and  domestic;  that  I  will 
bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same;  that  I  take  this  obligation 
freely,  without  any  mental  reservation  or  purpose  of  evasion;  and  that 
I  will  well  and  faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  on  which  I 
am  about  to  enter,  so  help  me  God;"  which  said  oath,  so  taken  and 
signed,  shall  be  preserved  among  the  files  of  the  .  .  .  Department 
to  which  the  said  office  may  appertain.  And  any  person  who  shall 
falsely  take  the  said  oath  shall  be  guilty  of  perjury,  and  on  conviction, 
in  addition  to  the  penalties  now  prescribed  for  that  offense,  shall  be 
deprived  of  his  office  and  rendered  incapable  forever  after  of  holding 
any  office  or  place  under  the  United  States. 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  594). 

AN  ACT  to  define  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  officers  of  the  Army  entitled  to  forage  for  horses  shall  not  be 
allowed  to  commute  it,  but  may  draw  forage  in  kind  for  each  horse 
actually  kept  by  them  when  and  at  the  place  where  they  are  on  duty, 
not  exceeding  the  number  authorized  by  law:  /*ror!<I<<l,  /io/v<>rer,  That 
when  forage  in  kind  can  not  be  furnished  by  the  proper  department, 
then,  and  in  all  such  cases,  officers  entitled  to  forage  may  commute 
the  same  BC<  ording  to  existing  regulations.     .     .     . 

Skc.  2.  That  major-generals  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  forage  in  kind 
for  five  horses;  brigadier-generals  for  four  horses;  colonels,  lieu- 
tenant-colonels, and  majors  for  two  horses  each;  captains  and  lieu- 
tenants    .     .     .     having  the  cavalry  allowance  for  two  horses  each. 

S.  Doc.  229 3 


34       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  3.  That  whenever  an  officer  of  the  Army  shall  employ  a  soldier 
for  his  servant,  he  shall,  for  each  and  every  month  during  which  said 
soldier  shall  be  so  employed,  deduct  from  his  own  monthly  pay  the 
full  amount  paid  to  or  expended  by  the  Government  per  month  on 
account  of  said  soldier.     .     .     . 


Sec.  7.  That  in  lieu  of  the  present  rate  of  mileage  allowed  to  officers 
of  the  Army  when  travelling  on  public  duty,  where  transportation  in 
kind  is  not  furnished  to  them  by  the  Government,  not  more  than  six 
cents  per  mile  shall  hereafter  be  allowed,  unless  where  an  officer  is 
ordered  from  a  station  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  one  west  of  the 
same  mountains,  or  vice  versa,  when  ten  cents  per  mile  shall  be  allowed 
to  him;  and  no  officer  of  the  Army  ...  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  paid  mileage  except  for  travel  actually  performed  at  his  own 
expense  and  in  obedience  to  orders. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  whenever  the  name  of  any  officer  of  the  Army  .  .  . 
shall  have  been  borne  on  the  Army  Register  .  .  .  forty-five  years, 
or  he  shall  be  of  the  age  of  sixty -two  years,  it  shall  be  in  the  discretion 
of  the  President  to  retire  him  .  .  .  ;  and  the  President  is  hereby 
authorized  to  assign  any  officer  retired  under  this  section  or  the  act  of 
August  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixtj^-one,  to  any  appropriate 
duty;  and  s-uch  officer  thus  assigned  shall  receive  the  full  pay  and 
emoluments  of  his  grade  while  so  assigned  and  employed. 

*  *  * 

March  3, 1863  {12-709). — Under  section  42  the  franking  privilege  was  conferred 
on  chiefs  of  bureaus  or  chief  clerks,  under  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Post- 
master-General. The  act  of  June  1,  1864,  authorized  franked  matter  to  be  conveyed 
free  of  postage  without  being  indorsed  ' '  official  business ' '  or  with  the  name  of  the 
writer. 

June  11,  1864  {13-123). — Heads  of  bureaus  prohibited  from  receiving  pay  for  their 
services  in  any  matter  where  the  United  States  is  a  party. 

Act  of  March  3,  1865  (13  Stats.,  487) 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  several  acts  heretofore  passed  to  provide  for  the  enrolling  and 
calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  measure  of  allowance  for  pay  of  an  officer's  servant  is  the 
pay  of  a  private  soldier  as  fixed  bj7  law  at  the  time;  that  no  noncom- 
missioned officer  shall  be  detailed  or  employed  to  act  as  a  servant,  nor 
shall  any  private  soldier  be  so  detailed  or  employed  except  with  his 
own  consent;  that  for  each  soldier  employed  as  a  servant  by  an}7  officer 
there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  monthly  pay  of  such  officer  the  full 
monthly  pay  and  allowances  of  the  soldier  so  employed;  and  that, 
including  any  soldier  or  soldiers  so  emplo3red,  no  officer  shall  be 
allowed  for  any  greater  number  of  servants  than  is  now  provided  by 
law,  nor  be  allowed  for  any  servant  not  actually  and  in  fact  in  his 
employ. 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  35 

Act  of  March  3,  1865  (13  Stats.,  495). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six.1 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  March,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five,  and  during  the  continuance  of  the  present  rebellion, 
the  commutation  price  of  officers'  subsistence  shall  be  fifty  cents  per 
ration :  Provided,  That  said  increase  shall  not  apply  to  the  commuta- 
tion  price  of  the  rations  of  any  officer  above  the  rank  of  brevet 
brigadier-general,  or  of  any  officer  entitled  to  commutation  for  fuel 

and  quarters. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  commissioned  officers  of  the  Army,  serving  in  the  field, 
shall  hereafter  be  permitted  to  purchase  rations  for  their  own  use  on 
credit  from  any  commissary  of  subsistence  at  cost  prices,  and  the 
amount  due  for  rations  so  purchased  shall  be  reported  monthly  to  the 
Paymaster-General,  to  be  deducted  from  the  payment  next  following 
such  purchase.  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  directed  to  issue 
such  orders  and  regulations  as  he  may  deem  best  calculated  to  insure 
the  proper  observance  thereof. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  13,  1866  (U  Stats.,  90). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  allowance  now  made  by  law  to  officers  travelling 
under  orders  where  transportation  is  not  furnished  in  kind  shall  be 
increased  to  ten  cents  per  mile. 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  (The  Subsistence  Department  to  sell,  at  cost,  to  the  officers 
and  men  such  articles  as  may  be  designated  from  time  to  time  by  the 
inspectors-general  of  the  Army)  and  if  not  paid  for  when  purchased 
a  true  account  thereof  shall  be  kept  and  the  amount  due  the  Govern- 
ment shall  be  deducted  by  the  paymaster  at  the  payment  next  follow- 
ing such  purchase:  Provided,  That  this  section  shall  not  go  into  effect 
until  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  32. 2  That  officers,  of  the  Regular  Army  entitled  to  be  retired 
on  account  of  disability  occasioned  by  wounds  received  in  battle  may 
be  retired  upon  the  full  rank  of  the  command  held  by  them,  whether 
in  the  regular  or  volunteer  service  at  the  time  such  wounds  were 

received. 

*  *  * 

'Section  6  authorizes  1  pound  of  tobacco  per  month  to  be  issued  to  enlisted  men  at 
cost  prices  exclusive  of  cost  of  transportation. 
1  Repealed  by  act  of  June  10,  1872. 


36       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

Sec.  35.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  }rear  ending  thir- 
tieth of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,"  shall  continue  in  force 
for  one  year  from  the  passage  of  this  act:  Provided,  That  no  officer 
who  is  furnished  with  quarters  in  kind  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the 
increased  commutation  of  rations  hereby  authorized. 


Act  of  March  2, 1867  (U  State.,  1&2). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  temporary  increase  of  the  pay  of  officers  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

That  for  two  years  from  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty -six,  all  officers  of  the  Army  below  the  rank  of  major-general 
.  .  .  shall  be  paid  an  addition  of  thirty-three  and  one-third  per 
centum  to  their  present  pay  proper;      .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  section  fifteen  of  the  "Act  to  increase  the  present 
military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes," 
approved  June  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight,  be  amended 
so  that  general  officers  shall  not  hereafter  be  excluded  from  receiving 
the  additional  ration  for  every  five  years'  service;  and  it  is  hereby 
further  provided  that  officers  on  the  retired  list  of  the  Army  shall 
have  the  same  allowance  of  additional  rations  for  every  five  years' 
service  as  officers  in  active  service. 

March  2, 1867  {14-434)  • — In  computing  length  of  service  of  any  officer,  he  shall  he 
credited  with  the  time  he  actually  served,  continuously  or  at  different  periods,  in 
the  Regular  Army,  or  in  the  volunteer  service  since  April  19,  1861.  First  section  of 
act  of  March  3,  1865,  relative»to  pay  of  an  officer's  servant,  not  to  he  construed  as 
retrospective  or  retroactive  in  its  operation. 

March  2,  1867  {14-517). — Brevet  rank  may  be  conferred  on  officers  for  gallant, 
meritorious  or  faithful  conduct  in  the  volunteer  service  prior  to  their  appointment  in 
the  Regular  Army. 

Resolution  of  July  25, 1868  (IS  Stats.,  261). 

A  RESOLUTION  granting  permission  to  officers  and  soldiers  to  wear  the  badge  of 
the  corps  in  which  they  served  during  the  rebellion. 

That  all  who  served  as  officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  privates, 
or  other  enlisted  men  in  the  Regular  Army,  volunteer  or  militia  forces 
of  the  United  States  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  .  .  .  shall  be 
entitled  to  wear  on  occasions  of  ceremony  the  distinctive  arnry  badge 
ordered  or  adopted  by  the  army  corps  and  division,  respectively,  in 
which  they  served. 

March  1,  1869  {15-280). — Franking  privilege  can  only  be  exercised  by  written 
autograph  signature. 

Act  of  January  21,  1870  (16  Stats.,  62). 

AN  ACT  relating  to  retired  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  no  retired  officer  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter  be  assign c<l  to 
duty  of  any  kind,  or  be  entitled  to  receive  more  than  the  pay  and 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  37 

allowances  provided  bjr  law  for  retired  officers  of  his  grade;  and  all 
such  assignments  heretofore  made  shall  terminate  within  thirty  days 
from  the  passage  of  this  act. 


Resolution  of  April  tf,  1870  (16  Stats.,  37%). 

A  RESOLUTION  relating  to  officers  of  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

That  the  law  passed  January  twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy,  prohibiting  the  assignment  of  retired  officers  of  the  Army  to 
duty  shall  not  apply  to  officers  selected  by  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  District  of  Columbia,  for  duty  at  that  institu- 
tion, such  selection  being  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War:  Pro- 
vided, That  they  receive  from  the  Government  only  the  pay  and 
emoluments  allowed  by  law  to  retired  officers. 

Act  of  July  IS,  1870  (16  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June 
thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  at  his 
discretion,  to  place  on  the  retired  list  of  the  Army,  on  their  own 
application,  any  commissioned  officers  who  have  been  thirty  years  in 
the  service,  and  the  officers  who  may  be  retired  by  virtue  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are  now 
allowed,  or  may  be  hereafter  allowed,  to  officers  retired  from  active 

service. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  .  .  .  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  officer  to  use  any 
enlisted  man  as  a  servant  in  any  case  whatever. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  the  pay  of  the  officers  of  the  Army  shall  be  as  follows: 
.  .  .  The  pay  of  major-general  shall  be  seven  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars;  the  pay  of  brigadier-general  shall  be  five  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars;  the  pay  of  colonel  shall  be  three  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars;  the  pay  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  be  three  thousand  dollars; 
the  pay  of  major  shall  be  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars;  the  pay 
of  captain,  mounted,  shall  be  two  thousand  dollars;  .  .  .  the  pay 
of  first  lieutenant,  mounted,  shall  be  sixteen  hundred  dollars;  .  .  . 
the  pay  of  second  lieutenant,  mounted,  shall  be  fifteen  hundred  dollars; 
and  there  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  to  each  and  every 
commissioned  officer  below  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  includ- 
ing .  .  .  others  having  assimilated  rank  or  pay,  ten  per  centum 
of  their  current  yearly  pay  for  each  and  every  term  of  five  years  of 
-en-ice:  /'rovided,  That  the  total  amount  of  such  increase  for  length 
of  service  shall  in  no  case  exceed  forty  per  centum  on  the  yearly  pay 
of  his  grade  as  established  by  this  act:  And  provided  farther,  That 
the  pay  of  a  colonel  shall  in  no  case  exceed  four  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars  per  annum,  nor  the  pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  four  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  and  these  sums  shall  be  in  full  of  all  commutation 
of  quarters,  fuel,  forage,  servants'  wages  and  clothing,  longevity 
rations,  and  all  allowances  of  every   name  and  nature  whatever,  and 


38       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

shall  be  paid  monthly  by  the  paymaster:  Provided,  That  fuel,  quarters, 
and  forage  in  kind  may  be  furnished  to  officers  by  the  Quarter- 
master's Department,  as  now  allowed  by  law  and  regulations:  And 
provided  further,  That  when  an  officer  shall  travel  under  orders,  and 
shall  not  be  furnished  transportation  by  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, or  on  a  convej^ance  belonging  to  or  chartered  by  the  United 
States,  he  shall  be  allowed  ten  cents  per  mile  and  no  more,  for  each 
mile  actually  by  him  traveled  under  such  order,  distances  to  be  calcu- 
lated according  to  the  nearest  post  routes;  and  no  pa}'ment  shall  be 
made  to  any  officer  except  by  a  paymaster  of  the  Army.  Officers 
retired  from  active  service  shall  receive  seventy -five  per  centum  of  the 
pay  of  the  rank  upon  which  they  are  retired. 

June  8, 1872  {17-283). — Franking  privilege  conferred  on  heads  of  bureaus;  privilege 
to  be  exercised  by  written  autograph  signature;  official  communications  addressed 
to  them  to  pass  free  of  postage.  The  act  of  January  31,  1873  (17-421) ,  abolished  the 
franking  privilege  after  July  1,  1873,  and  the  act  of  March  3, 1873  (17-530),  provided 
for  special  stamps  and  envelopes  for  official  business. 

Act  of  June  10, 1872  {17  Stats.,  378). 

AN  ACT  relative  to  retired  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  all  officers  of  the  United  States  Army  who  may  hereafter  be 
retired  shall  be  retired  upon  the  actual  rank  held  by  them  at  the  date 
of  retirement,  and  the  thirty -second  section  of  the  act  to  increase  and 
fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,  approved 
July  twenty -eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  is  hereby  repealed. 

May8,  1874  {18-43). — Officers  on  duty  west  of  north  and  south  line  through 
Omaha,  Nebr. ,  and  north  of  line  east  and  west  upon  southern  boundary  of  Arizona, 
allowed  60  days'  leave  with  pay  when  taken  once  in  2  years,  3  months'  if  once  in 
three  years,  and  4  months'  if  once  in  4  years. 

Act  of  June  16,  187 J,.  (18  Stats.,  72). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  only  actual  traveling  expenses  shall  be  allowed  to  any 
person  holding  .  .  .  appointment  under  the  United  States,  and 
all  allowances  for  mileages  or  transportation  in  excess  of  the  amount 
actually  paid  are  hereby  declared  illegal;     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  %  1876  (19  Stats.,  97). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy -seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  when  any  officer  travels  under  orders,  and  is  not  fur- 
nished transportation  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  or  on  a 
conveyance  belonging  to  or  chartered  by  the  United  States,  or  on  any 
railroad  on  which  the  troops  or  supplies  of  the  United  States  are 
entitled  to  be  transported  free  of  charge  he  shall  be  allowed  eight  cents 
a  mile,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  39 

REVISED   STATUTES— SECOND   EDITION— 1878. 


Sec.  1145.  Commissioned  officers  of  the  Army,  serving  in  the  field, 
may  purchase  rations  for  their  own  use,  from  any  commissaiy  of  sub 
sistence  on  credit,  at  cost  prices;  and  the  amounts  due  for  such  pur- 
chases shall  be  reported  monthly  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1204.  .  .  .  Promotions  in  the  staff  of  the  Army  shall  be 
made  in  the  several  departments  and  corps,  respectively. 

Sec.  1205.  Officers  may  be  transferred  from  the  line  to  the  staff  of 
the  Army  without  prejudice  to  their  rank  or  promotion  in  the  line; 
but  no  officer  shall  hold,  at  the  same  time,  an  appointment  in  the  line 
and  an  appointment  in  the  staff  which  confer  equal  rank  in  the  Army. 
When  any  officer  so  transferred  has,  by  virtue  of  seniority,  obtained 
or  become  entitled  to  a  grade  in  his  regiment  equal  to  the  grade  of  his 
commission  in  the  staff,  he  shall  vacate  either  his  commission  in  the 
line  or  his  commission  in  the  staff. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1227.  All  persons  who  have  served  as  officers,  noncommissioned 
officers,  privates,  or  other  enlisted  men,  in  the  Regular  Army,  volun- 
teer, or  militia  forces  of  the  United  States,  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  *  *  *  shall  be  entitled  to  wear,  on  occasions  of  cere- 
mony, the  distinctive  army  badge  ordered  for  or  adopted  by  the  army 
corps  and  division,  respectively,  in  which  they  served. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1232.  No  officer  shall  use  an  enlisted  man  as  a  servant  in  any 

case  whatever. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1243.  When  an  officer  has  served  forty  consecutive  years  as  a 
commissioned  officer,  he  shall,  if  he  makes  application  therefor  to  the 
President,  he  retired  from  active  service  and  placed  upon  the  retired 
list.  When  an  officer  has  been  thirty  years  in  service,  he  may,  upon 
his  own  application,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  be  so  retired, 
and  placed  on  the  retired  list. 

Sec.  1244.  When  any  officer  has  served  forty -five  3rears  as  a  commis- 
sioned officer,  or  is  sixty-two  years  old,  he  may  be  retired  from  active 
service  at  the  discretion  of  the  President. 

Sec.  1245.  When  any  officer  has  become  incapable  of  performing 
the  duties  of  his  office,  he  shall  be  either  retired  from  active  service, 
or  wholly  retired  from  the  service,  by  the  President,  as  hereinafter 
provided. 

Sec.  1246.  The  Secretary  of  War,  under  the  direction  of  the  Presi- 
dent, shall,  from  time  to  time,  assemble  an  army  retiring  board,  con- 
sisting of  not  more  than  nine  nor  less  than  five  officers,  two-fifths  of 
whom  shall  be  selected  from  the  medical  corps.  The  board,  excepting 
i  he  officers  selected  from  the  medical  corps,  shall  be  composed,  as  far 
as  may  be,  of  seniors  in  rank  to  the  officer  whose  disability  is  inquired  of. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1255.  Officers  retired  from  active  service  shall  be  withdrawn 
from     .     .     .     the  line  of  promotion. 

Sec.  125t).  Officers  retired   from  active  service  shall  be  entitled  to 


40       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

wear  the  uniform  of  the  rank  on  which  thejr  may  be  retired.  They 
^hall  continue  to  be  borne  on  the  Army  Register,  and  shall  be  subject 
to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war,  and  to  trial  b}r  general  court-martial 
for  any  breach  thereof. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1259.  Retired  officers  of  the  Army  may  be  assigned  to  duty  at 
the  Soldiers'  Home,  upon  a  selection  by  the  commissioners  of  that  insti- 
tution, approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  a  retired  officer  shall 
not  be  assignable  to  any  other  duty:  Provided,  That  they  receive  from 
the  Government  only  the  pay  and  emoluments  allowed  by  law  to  retired 

officers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1261.  The  officers  of  the  Army  shall  be  entitled  to  the  pay 
herein  stated  after  their  respective  designations: 

*  *  * 

Major-general,  seven  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
Brigadier-general,  five  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
Colonel,  three  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
Lieutenant-colonel,  three  thousand  dollars  a  year. 
Major,  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
Captain,  mounted,  two  thousand  dollars  a  year. 

*  *  * 

First  lieutenant,  mounted,  sixteen  hundred  dollars  a  year. 
Second  lieutenant,  mounted,  fifteen  hundred  dollars  a  jear. 

*  *  * 

All  other  storekeepers,  two  thousand  dollars  a  year. 

Sec.  1262.  There  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  to  each  commissioned 
officer  below  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  including  .  .  .  others 
having  assimilated  rank  or  pay,  ten  per  centum  of  their  current  j^early 
pay  for  each  term  of  five  years  of  service. 

Sec.  1263.  The  total  amount  of  such  increase  for  length  of  service 
shall  in  no  case  exceed  forty  per  centum  on  the  yearly  pay  of  the 
grade  as  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  1264.  Brevets  conferred  upon  commissioned  officers  shall  not 
entitle  them  to  any  increase  of  pay. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1267.  In  no  case  shall  the  pay  of  a  colonel  exceed  four  thou- 
sand five  hundred  dollars  a  year,  or  the  pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel 
exceed  four  thousand  dollars  a  year. 

Sec.  1268.  The  sums  hereinbefore  allowed  shall  be  paid  in  monthly 
payments  by  the  paymaster. 

Sec.  1269.  No  allowances  shall  be  made  to  officers  in  addition  to  their 
pay  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Sec.  1270.  Fuel,  quarters,  and  forage  may  be  furnished  in  kind  to 
officers,  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  according  to  law  and 
regulations:  Provided,  Iiowever,  That  when  forage  in  kind  can  not 
be  furnished  by  the  proper  departments,  then  and  in  all  such  cases 
officers- entitled  to  forage  may  commute  the  same  according  to  existing 
regulations:     .     .     . 

Sec.  1271.  Forage  in  kind  may  be  furnished  to  officers  by  the  quar- 
termasters' corps,  as  follows: 

Major-general,  for  five  horses. 

Brigadier-general,  for  four  horses. 


GENERAL   PROVISIONS.  41 

Colonel,  for  two  horses. 

Lieutenant-colonel,  for  two  horses. 

Major,  for  two  horses. 

Captains  and  lieutenants,  mounted,  for  two  horses. 

*  *  * 

All  other  storekeepers,  for  two  horses. 

Sec.  1272.  Forage  shall  be  allowed  to  officers  only  for  horses  author- 
ized by  law,  and  actually  kept  by  them  in  service  when  on  duty  and 
at  the  place  where  they  are  on  duty. 

Sec.  1273.  When  any  officer  travels  under  orders,  and  is  not  fur- 
nished transportation  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  or  on  a 
conveyance  belonging  to  or  chartered  by  the  United  States,  he  shall  be 
allowed  ten  cents  a  mile.,  and  no  more,  for  each  mile  actually  traveled 
under  such  order,  distances  to  be  calculated  according  to  the  nearest 
post  routes;  and  no  payment  shall  be  made  to  any  officer  except  by  a 
paymaster  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  1274.  Officers  retired  from  active  service  shall  receive  sevent}r- 
tive  per  centum  of  the  pay  of  the  rank  upon  which  they  are  retired. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1296.  The  President  may  prescribe  the  uniform  of  the  Army 
and  the  quantity  and  kind  of  clothing  which  shall  be  issued  annually 
to  the  troops  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1299.  The  amount  due  from  any  officer  for  rations  purchased 
on  credit,  or  for  any  articles  designated  by  the  inspectors-general  of 
the  Army  and  purchased  on  credit  from  commissaries  of  subsistence, 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  payment  made  to  him  next  after  such  sale 
shall  have  been  reported  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1779.  No  executive  officer,  other  than  the  heads  of  Departments, 
shall  apply  more  than  thirty  dollars  annually,  out  of  the  contingent 
fund  under  his  control,  to  pay  for  newspapers,  pamphlets,  periodicals, 
or  other  books  or  prints  not  necessary  for  the  business  of  his  office. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3788.  No  officer  in  charge  of  any  bureau  or  office  in  any  Depart- 
ment shall  cause  to  be  printed,  at  the  public  expense,  any  report  he 
may  make  to  the  President  or  to  the  head  of  the  Department,  except 
as  provided  for  in  this  title.     [Public  Printing.] 

Sec.  3789.  No  printing  or  binding  shall  be  done,  or  blank  books 
furnished  .  .  .  for  any  of  the  Executive  Departments,  except  on 
a  written  requisition  by  the  head  of  such  Department,  or  one  of  his 
assistants. 


STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  June  18,  1878  (W  Stats.,  llfi). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  ami  seventy-nine,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  -* 

Sec.  8.  Allowance  of  or  commutation  lor  fuel  to  commissioned  offi- 
cer- La  hereby  prohibited;  but  fuel  may  be  furnished  to  the  officers  of 


42       LEGISLATIVE  HISTGBY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

the  Army  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  for  the  actual  use  of 
such  officers  only,  at  the  rate  of  three  dollars  per  cord  for  standard 
oak  wood,  or  at  an  equivalent  rate  for  other  kinds  of  fuel,  according 
to  the  regulations  now  in  existence;  and  forage  in  kind  may  be  fur- 
nished to  the  officers  of  the  Army,  by  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, only  for  horses  owned  and  actually  kept  by  such  officers  in  the 
performance  of  their  official  military  duties  when  on  duty  with  troops 
in  the  field  or  at  such  military  posts  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  as 
may  be  from  time  to  time  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
not  otherwise,  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

To  a  major-general,  three  horses. 

To  a  brigadier-general,  three  horses. 

To  a  colonel,  two  horses. 

To  a  lieutenant-colonel,  two  horses. 

To  a  major,  two  horses. 

To  a  captain  (mounted),  two  horses. 

To  a  lieutenant  (mounted),  two  horses. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  at  all  posts  and  stations  where  there  are  public  quarters 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  officers  may  be  furnished  with  quar- 
ters in  kind  in  such  public  quarters,  and  not  elsewhere,  by  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department,  assigning  to  the  officers  of  each  grade, 
respectively,  such  number  of  rooms  as  is  now  allowed  to  such  grade 
by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Army:  Provided,  That  at  places 
where  there  are  no  public  quarters  commutation  therefor  may  be  paid 
\*y  the  Pay  Department  to  the  officer  entitled  to  the  same,  at  a  rate  not 
exceeding  ten  dollars  per  room  per  month.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  all  promotions 
in  the  Army,  in  each  and  every  grade,  .  .  .  corps  and  depart- 
ment thereof,  shall  cease;  and  thereafter  no  promotions  or  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  to  fill  any  vacancy  which  may  occur,  or  be  created 
therein,  until  after  such  report  shall  be  made  and  acted  upon  by 
Congress.     .     .     . 


Act  of  June  30,  1882  (22  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

.  .  .  And  provided  furtJier,  That  on  or  after  the  passage  of  this 
act,  when  an  officer  has  served  forty  years  either  as  an  officer  or  soldier 
in  the  regular  or  volunteer  service,  or  both,  he  shall,  if  he  make  appli- 
cation therefor  to  the  President,  be  retired  from  active  service  and 
E laced  on  the  retired  list,  and  when  an  officer  is  sixty-four  years  of  age 
e  shall  be  retired  from  active  service  and  placed  on  the  retired 
list.     .     .     . 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  43 

Act  of  June  30,  1886  (24  Stats.,  93). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  forthe  support  of  the  Arm  y  forthe  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  .  .  .  the  maximum  sum  to  be  allowed  and  paid 
[for  mileage]  shall  be  four  cents  per  mile,  .  .  .  and  in  addition 
thereto  the  cost  of  transportation,  exclusive  of  sleeping  or  parlor-car 

fare;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  February  9,  1887  (24  Stats.,  394). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  ana  eighty-eight,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  .  .  .  the  maximum  sum  to  be  allowed  and  paid 
to  an  officer  [for  mileage]  shall  be  four  cents  per  mile,     .     .     .     and 

.  .  .  upon  the  officer's  certificate  that  it  was  not  practicable  to 
obtain  transportation  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  the  cost 
of  the  transportation  actually  paid  by  the  officer  .  .  .  ,  exclusive 
of  sleeping  or  parlor  car  fare  and  transfers:  And  provided  further, 
That  wnen  any  officer  so  traveling  shall  travel  in  whole  or  in  part  on  any 
railroad  on  which  the  troops  and  supplies  of  the  United  States  are 
entitled  to  be  transported  free  of  charge,  he  shall  be  allowed  for  him- 
self only  four  cents  per  mile  as  a  subsistence  fund  for  every  mile  nec- 
essarily traveled  over  any  such  last-named  railroad;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  September  22,  1888  (25  Stats.,  481). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  the  transportation  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  to  officers  traveling  without  troops  shall  be  limited  to 
transportation  in  kind,  not  including  sleeping  or  parlor  car  accommo- 
dations, over  free  roads,  over  bond-aided  Pacific  railroads,  and  by 
conveyance  belonging  to  the  said  Department;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  2,  1889  {25-825). — The  act  of  this  date  omits  the  requirement  as  to  the  cer- 
tificate of  the  officer. 

Resolution  of  September  25,  1890  (26  Stats.,  681). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  granting  permission  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  of  the  United  States  to  wear  the  badges  adopted  by  military  societies  i  >t 
men  who  served  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  the  war  of  eighteen  hundred  and 
twelve,  the  Mexican  war,  and  the  war  of  the  rebellion. 

That  the  distinctive  badges  adopted  by  military  societies  of  men 
who  served  in  the  armies  ...  of  the  United  States  in  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  the  war  of  eighteen  hundred  and  twelve,  the  Mexican 
war,  and  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  respectively,  may  be  worn  upon  all 


44      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

occasions  of  ceremony  by  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  .  .  . 
of  the  United  States,  who  are  members  of  said  organizations  in  their 
own  right. 

Act  of  October  1,  1890  (26  Stats.,  562). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army  and  to  regu- 
late promotions  therein. 

That  hereafter  promotion  to  every  grade  in  the  Army  below  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general,  throughout  each  .  .  .  corps  or  depart- 
ment of  the  service,  shall,  subject  to  the  examination  hereinafter  pro- 
vided for,  be  made  according  to  seniority  in  the  next  lower  grade  of 
that    .     .     .     corps  or  department.     .     .     . 


Act  of  August  5,  1892  (27  Stats.,  349). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

No  printing  and  binding  shall  be  done  by  the  Public  Printer  for  the 
several  Executive  .  .  .  Departments  of  the  Government  in  any 
fiscal  year  in  excess  of  the  allotment  for  such  Departments,  and  none 
shall  be  done  without  a  special  requisition,  signed  by  the  chief  of  the 
Department  and  tiled  with  the  Public  Printer.     .     .     . 

Heads  of  Executive  Departments  shall  direct  whether  reports  made 
to  them  by  bureau  chiefs     .     .     .     shall  be  printed  or  not. 

No  report,  document,  or  publication  of  any  kind  distributed  by  or 
from  ...  or  bureau  of  the  Government  shall  contain  any  notice 
that  the  same  is  sent  with  "the  compliments"  of  an  officer  of  the 

Government. 

•  *  * 

March  2,  1897  (29-609). — This  act  simply  provides  that  the  maximum  sum  to  be 
allowed  for  mileage  shall  be  four  cents  per  mile. 

Act  of  March  IS,  1898  (30  Stats.,  318). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-nine. 

»■  ft  * 

.  .  .  That  the  maximum  sum  to  be  allowed  and  paid  to  any  offi- 
cer of  the  Army  shall  be  seven  cents  per  mile.  .  .  .  Provided 
further,  That  when  any  officer  so  traveling  shall  travel  in  whole  or  in 
part  on  any  railroad  on  which  the  troops  and  supplies  of  the  United 
States  are  entitled  to  be  transported  free  of  charge,  or  over  any  of 
the  bond-aided  Pacific  railroads,  or  over  the  railroad  of  any  railroad 
company  which  is  entitled  to  receive  only  fifty  per  centum  of  the  com- 
pensation earned  by  such  company  for  transportation  services  rendered 
to  the  United  States,  he  shall  be  furnished  with  a  transportation  request 
by  the  Quartermaster's  Department  for  such  travel;  and  the  cost  of 
the  transportation  so  furnished  shall  be  a  charge  against  the  officer's 
mileage  account,  ...  to  be  deducted  ...  at  rates  paid  by 
the  general  public,     .     .     .     Provided  further^  That  officers  who,  by 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  45 

reason  of  the  decision  of  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury,  have 
been  compelled  to  pay  from  their  own  means  one-half  of  the  cost  of 
their  travel  fare  over  railroads  known  as  fifty  per  centum  roads,  shall 
be  reimbursed  the  same.     .     .     . 


Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Statu.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  -x- 

Sec.  10.  .  .  .  The  staff  officers  herein  authorized  for  the  corps, 
division,  and  brigade  commanders  may  be  appointed  by  the  President, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  as  officers  of  the 
Volunteer  Army,  or  may  be  assigned  by  him,  in  his  discretion,  from 
officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  or  the  Volunteer  Arnry,  or  of  the  militia 
in  the  .service  of  the  United  States:  Provided,  That  when  relieved  from 
such  staff  service  said  appointments  or  assignments  shall  terminate.1 


Act  of  May  28,  1898  (30  Stats.,  421). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  sections  ten  and  thirteen  of  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for 
temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States  in  time  of 
war,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  April  twenty-second,  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety-eight. 

That  so  much  of  section  ten  of  the  act  approved  April  twenty-second, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for 
temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States 
in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes,"  as  provides  that  "  officers 
appointed  or  assigned  to  the  staff  of  commanders  of  army  corps, 
divisions,  and  brigades  shall  serve  only  in  such  capacity,  and  that  when 
relieved  from  such  staff  service  such  appointments  or  assignments  shall 
terminate,"  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  and  that  assignments 
of  the  officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  shall  be  governed  by  the  same 
rules  and  regulations  as  those  of  the  Regular  Army. 


Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  That  in  time  of  war  retired  officers  of  the  Army 
may.,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  be  employed  on  active  duty, 
<>t  Imt  t  lnui  in  the  command  of  troops,  and  when  so  employed  they  shall 
receive  the  full  pay  and  allowances  of  their  grades.     .     .     . 

*  #  * 

Sec.  14.  .  .  .  Provided,  That  for  each  Regular  Army  officer  of 
a  staff  corps  or  department  who  may  be  retained  in  or  appointed  to  a 

1  For  designation  of  staff  offioen,  sec  Adjutant-*  u-ncral,  Inspector-General,  Jadge- 
Advocate-General,  Quartermaster-General,  Commissary-General,  Surgeon-General, 
and  Engineers. 


46       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

higher  volunteer  rank  in  said  staff  corps  or  department  than  that  actu- 
ally held  by  him  in  the  regular  establishment  there  ma}^  be  appointed 
one  officer  of  volunteers  of  the  lowest  grade  mentioned  in  this  section 
for  such  staff  corps  or  department,  but  no  appointment  will  be  made 
which  will  increase  the  total  number  of  officers,  regular  and  volunteer, 
serving  in  any  grade  above  the  number  authorized  by  this  act:  And 
provided  also,  That  all  the  volunteer  staff  officers  herein  authorized 
to  be  appointed  or  retained  in  the  service  shall  be  honorably  discharged 
on  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  or  sooner  if  their  services 
are  no  longer  required:  And  provided  furt her,  That  the  officers  herein 
authorized  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate.1 

Sec.  15.  .  .  .  Provided  also,  That  each  and  every  provision  of 
this  act  shall  continue  in  force  until  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and 
one;  and  on  and  after  that  date  all  the  .  .  .  staff  .  .  .  officers 
appointed  to  the  Army  under  this  act  shall  be  discharged,  and  the 
members  restored  in  each  grade  to  those  existing  at  the  passage  of  this 
act:  .  .  .  And  provided  further,  That  no  officer  who  has  been,  or 
may  be,  promoted  under  existing  law,  or  under  the  rules  of  seniority, 
shall  be  disturbed  in  his  rank. 


Act  of  March  3,  1899  (30  Stats.,  1064). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Regular  and  Volunteer  Army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred. 

*  *  * 

.     That  actual  expenses  only  shall  be  paid  to  officers  when 
traveling  to  and  from  our  island  possessions  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 

oceans. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  May  26,  1900  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Regular  and  Volunteer  Army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one. 

*  *  * 

For  mileage  to  officers  .  .  .  Provided  further,  That  officers 
who  so  desire  may,  upon  application  to  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, be  furnished  with  transportation  requests,  exclusive  of  sleeping 
and  parlor  car  accommodations,  for  the  entire  journey  under  their 
orders;  and  the  transportation  so  furnished  shall  be  a  charge  against 
the  officer's  mileage  account,  to  be  deducted  at  the  rate  of  three  cents 
per  mile.  .  .  .  And  provided  further,  That  when  the  established 
route  of  travel  shall,  in  whole  or  in  part,  be  over  the  line  of  any  rail- 
road on  which  the  troops  and  supplies  of  the  United  States  are  entitled 
to  be  transported  free  of  charge,  or  over  any  of  the  bond-aided  Pacific 
railroads,  or  over  the  railroad  of  any  railroad  company  which  by  law 
or  agreement  is  entitled  to  receive  only  fifty  per  centum  of  the  com- 
pensation earned  by  such  company  for  transportation  services  rendered 
the  United  States,  officers  traveling  as  herein  provided  for  shall,  for 

1  For  retention  in  service  of  officers  of  the  volunteer  staff,  see  Adjutant-General, 
Inspector-General,  Judge- Advocate-General,  Quartermaster-General,  Commissary- 
General,  Surgeon-General,  Paymaster-General,  and  Signal  Corps. 


GENERAL    PROVISIONS.  47 

the  travel  over  such  roads,  be  furnished  with  transportation  requests, 
exclusive  of  sleeping  and  parlor  car  accommodations,  by  the  Quarter- 
master's Department:  And  provided  further ^  That  when  transporta- 
tion is  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  or  when  the 
established  route  of  travel  is  over  any  of  the  railroads  above  specified, 
there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  officer's  mileage  account  by  the  pay- 
master paying  the  same  three  cents  per  mile  for  the  distance  for  which 
transportation  has  been  or  should  have  been  furnished:  And  provided 
further,  That  actual  expenses  only  shall  be  paid  to  officers  for  sea 
travel  when  traveling,  as  herein  provided  for,  to,  from,  or  between 
our  island  possessions:  Provided  also,  That  hereafter  when  an  officer 
shall  be  discharged  from  the  service,  except  by  wa}^  of  punishment  for 
an  offense,  he  shall  receive  for  travel  allowances  from  the  place  of 
his  diseharge  to  the  place  of  his  residence  at  the  time  of  his  appoint- 
ment or  to  the  place  of  his  original  muster  into  the  service,  four 
cents  per  mile.  .  .  .  That  for  sea  travel  on  discharge,  to,  from, 
or  between  our  island  possessions,  actual  expenses  only  shall  be  paid 
to  officers.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter  the  pay  proper  of  all  officers 
.  .  .  serving  in  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  the  Philippine  Islands,  Hawaii, 
and  in  the  Territory  of  Alaska  shall  be  increased  ten  per  centum  for 

officers.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

That  the  act  approved  January  twelfth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
nine,  granting  "  extra  pay  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  United 
States  Volunteers,"  shall  extend  to  all  volunteer  officers  of  the  general 
staff  who  have  not  received  waiting-orders  pay  prior  to  discharge,  at  the 
rate  of  one  month  to  those  who  did  not  serve  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
United  States  and  two  months  to  those  who  served  beyond  the  limits 
of  the  United  States;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Two  months'  extra  pay,  on  discharge,  to  those  who  had  served  faith- 
fully beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  and  one  month's  extra 
pay  to  those  who  had  served  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States. 

Act  of  February  2,  1901  {31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  .  .  .  That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position 
of  chief  of  any  staff  corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to 
such  vacancies,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  offi- 
cers of  the  Army  at  large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  who  shall  hold  office  for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in 
the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the 
appointment  of  an  officer  below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said 
office,  said  chief  shall,  while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and 
allowances  now  provided  for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department. 
And  any  officer  now  holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who 
shall  hereafter  serve  as  chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall 
subsequently  be  retired,  shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allow- 
ances authorized  by  law  for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department 


48       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

chief:  Provided,  That  so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief 
of  such  staff  corps  or  department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so 
remaining  therein. 

•       *  *  * 

Sec.  34.  That  all  officers  who  have  served  during  the  war  with  Spain, 
or  since,  as  officers  of  the  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army  of  the  United 
States,  and  have  been  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  by  resig- 
nation or  otherwise,  shall  be  entitled  to  bear  the  official  title  and,  upon 
occasions  of  ceremony,  to  wear  the  uniform  of  the  highest  grade  they 
have  held  by  brevet  or  other  commission  in  the  regular  or  volunteer 

service. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  41.  That  the  distinctive  badges  adopted  by  military  societies 
of  men  "who  served  in  the  armies  and  navies  of  the  United  States 
during  the  Spanish- American  war  and  the  incident  insurrection  in  the 
Philippines"  may  be  worn  upon  all  occasions  of  ceremony  by  officers 
and  men  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States  who  are  members 
of  said  organizations  in  their  own  right. 

Act  of  March  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  leaves  of  absence  which  may  be  granted 
officers  of  the  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army  serving  in  the  Territory  of 
Alaska  or  without  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  for  the  purpose  of 
returning  thereto,  or  which  may  have  been  granted  such  officers  for 
such  purpose  since  the  thirteenth  day  of  October,  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety-eight,  shall  be  regarded  as  taking  effect  on  the  dates  such 
officers  reached  or  may  have  reached  the  United  States,  respectively, 
and  terminating,  or  as  having  terminated,  on  the  respective  dates  of 
their  departure  from  the  United  States  in  returning  to  their  com- 
mands, as  authorized  by  an  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War  dated  Octo- 
ber thirteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -eight:  .  .  .  Provided 
farther,  That  any  officer  or  enlisted  man  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  who  was  discharged  in  the  Philippine  Islands  and  there  reen- 
tered the  service  through  commission  or  enlistment  shall,  when  dis- 
charged, except  by  way  of  punishment  for  an  offense,  receive  for  travel 
allowances  from  the  place  of  his  discharge  to  the  place  in  the  United 
States  of  his  last  preceding  appointment  or  enlistment,  or  to  his  home  if 
he  was  appointed  or  enlisted  at  a  place  other  than  his  home,  four  cents  per 
mile:  .  .  .  That  hereafter  the  pay  proper  of  all  officers  .  . 
serving  beyond  the  limits  of  the  States  comprising  the  Union,  and  the 
Territories  of  the  United  States  contiguous  thereto,  shall  be  increased 
ten  per  centum  for  officers  .  .  .  over  and  above  the  rates  of  pay 
proper  as  fixed  by  law  for  time  of  peace,  and  the  time  of  such  service 
shall  be  counted  from  the  date  of  departure  from  said  States  to  the 
date  of  return  thereto:  Provided  further,  That  the  officers  .  .  . 
who  have  served  in  China  at  any  time  since  the  twenty -sixth  day  of 
May,  nineteen  hundred,  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  for  such  service  the 
same  increase  of  pay  proper  as  is  herein  provided  for:     .   . .     . 


II— THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


a  Doc.  229 i  *» 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Adjutant-General's  Department  eo  nomine  was  first  established 
under  the  act  of  March  3,  1813. 

From  the  disbandment  of  the  Army  in  1783  until  the  act  of  March 
3,  1791,  there  was  no  regular  Adjutant-General.  The  act  of  March  5, 
1792,  provided  for  an  adjutant  who  should  also  do  duty  as  inspector, 
and  this  dual  function  continued  until  the  reorganization  of  the  Army 
in  1821,  which  abolished  the  office  of  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General. 
This  act,  in  effect,  reduced  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  to  one 
officer.  There  appears  to  have  been  no- change  in  the  legal  status  of 
the  Department  from  that  date  to  1838,  when,  by  the  act  of  July  5  of 
that  year,  the  President  was  empowered  to  appoint  as  many  adjutant- 
generals,  not  exceeding  six,  as  he  might  deem  necessary. 

June  17,  1775. — Brig.  Gen.  (Maj.  Gen.,  May  16,  1776)  Horatio  Gates  (Virginia). 

June    5,  1776. — Col.  Joseph  Reed  (Pennsylvania). 

Jan.  22,  1777. — Brig.  Gen.  Arthur  St. Clair  (Pennsylvania),  Acting  Adjutant-General. 

Feb.  20,  1777. — Brig.  Gen.  George  Weedon  (Virginia),  Acting  Adjutant-General. 

Apr.  19,  1777. — Col.  Morgan  Connor  (Virginia),  Acting  Adjutant-General. 

June  18,  1777.— Col.  Timothy  Pickering1  (Massachusetts). 

Jan.     5,  1778. — Col.  Alexander  Scammel 2  (Massachusetts). 

Jan.    8,  1781. — Brig.  Gen.  Edward  Hand  (Pennsylvania). 

Nov.  5,  1783. — Capt.  William  North,3  Sixteenth  Massachusetts  Continental  Infantry 
(Massachusetts),  Acting  Adjutant  and  Inspector. 

Oct.  18,  1787. — Ensign  and  Adjutant  Ebenezer  Denny,  First  American  Regiment 
(Pennsylvania),  Acting  Adjutant-General. 

Nov.  7,  1790. — Lieut.  John  Pratt,  First  American  Regiment  (Connecticut),  Acting 
Adjutant-General. 

Sept. — ,1791. — Lieut.  Col.  Winthrop  Sargent,4  militia  (Massachusetts),  Acting 
Adjutant-General. 

Nov.  4,  1791. — Lieut.  Ebenezer  Denny,  First  Infantry  (Pennsylvania),  resumed 
duties  of  Acting  Adjutant-General. 

Mar.  10,  1792. — Lieut.  Henry  De  Butts,  Fourth  Infantry  (Maryland),  Acting  Adju- 
tant and  Inspector-General. 

Apr.  11,  1792. — Lieut.  Col.  Winthrop  Sargent,4  militia  (Massachusetts). 

Feb.  23,  1793.— Maj.  Michael  Rudolph,  Light  Dragoons  (Georgia). 

July  18,  1793. — Sublegionary  Maj.  and  Inspector  Edward  Butler  (Pennsylvania), 
Deputy  pro  tem. 

May  13,  1794. — Maj.  John  Mills,  Second  Sublegion  (Massachusetts),  Acting  Adju- 
tant-General and  Inspector. 

Feb.  27,  1796. — Maj.  Jonathan  Haskell,  Fourth  Sublegion  (Massachusetts),  Acting 
Adjutant-General  and  Inspector. 

1  Colonel  Pickering  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  War  November  7,  1777, 
but  continued  to  do  duty  as  Adjutant-General  until  General  ScammeFs  arrival  Jan- 
uary 13, 1778. 

'Colonel  Scammel  resigned  his  staff  appointment  January  1,  1781,  to  take  com- 
mand of  the  First  New  Hampshire  Regiment,  but  remained  at  headquarters  until 
relieved  by  General  Hand  January  12,  1781. 

8 On  the  general  disband ment  of  the  Continental  Army,  Captain  North,  who  had 
been  designated  as  inspector  to  the  troops  remaining  in  service,  acted  as  adjutant  and 
inspector  to  October  28,  1787. 

4  Colonel  Sargent  declined  the  appointment,  assigning  as  a  reason  that  the  office 
was  not  attended  with  sufficient  rank. 

51 


52       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

Aug.  1,  1796. — Capt.  Edward  Butler,  Fourth  Sublegion  (Pennsylvania),  Acting 
Adjutant-General  and  Inspector. 

Feb.  27,  1797. — Maj.  Thomas  H.  Cushing,1  First  Infantry  (Massachusetts). 

July  19,  1798.— Brig.  Gen.  William  North  (New  York). 

Mar.  26,  1802. — Maj.  Thomas  H.  Cushing,2  First  Infantry  (Massachusetts),  Adjutant 
and  Inspector. 

Apr.  2,  1807. — Maj.  Abimael  Y.  Nicoll,  of  the  Artillerists  (New  York),  Adjutant 
and  Inspector. 

Apr.  28,  1812. — Lieut.  Col.  Alexander  Macomb,3  engineers  (New  York),  Acting 
Ad  j  utant-General . 

Julv     6,  1812. — Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  H.  Cushing  (Massachusetts). 

Mar.  12,  1813.—  Brig.  Gen.  Zebulon  M.  Pike4  (New  York),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

May  9,  1814. — Brig.  Gen.  William  H.  Winder  (Maryland),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

Nov.  22,  1814. — Brig.  Gen.  Daniel  Parker5  (Massachusetts),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

Aug.  13,  1821. — Col.  James  Gadsden6  (North  Carolina). 

May  8,  1822. — Capt.  Charles  J.  Nourse,  Second  Artillery  (District  of  Columbia), 
Acting  Adjutant-General. 

Mar.     7,  1825. — Col.  Roger  Jones  (Virginia). 

July  15,  1852.— Col.  Samuel  Cooper  (New  York) . 

Mar.    7,  1861. — Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  August  3,  1861),  Lorenzo  Thomas  (Delaware). 

Feb.  22,  1869.— Brig.  Gen.  Edward  D.  Townsend  (Massachusetts). 

June  15,  1880. — Brig.  Gen.  Richard  C.  Drum  (Pennsylvania). 

June    7,  1889. — Brig.  Gen.  John  C.  Kelton  (Pennsylvania). 

July    5,  1892. — Brig.  Gen.  Robert  Williams  (Virginia). 

Nov.    6,  1893.— Brig.  Gen.  George  D.  Ruggles  (New  York). 

Sept.  11,  1897. — Brig.  Gen.  Samuel  Breck  (Massachusetts). 

Feb.  25,  1898.— Brig.  Gen.  (Maj.  Gen.,  June  6,  1900)  Henry  C.  Corbin  (Ohio). 

1  The  act  of  March  3,  1797,  permitted  the  Brigadier-General  (General  in  Chiefs  to 
select  his  brigade  major  from  the  line  of  the  Army.  Major  Cushing,  not  having  relin- 
quished his  rank  in  the  infantry  on  being  appointed  inspector,  was  selected  by  Gen- 
eral Wilkinson  and  continued  to  perform  the  duties  of  inspector  and  adjutant  until 
May  22,  1798. 

2  The  act  of  May  14,  1800,  disbanded  the  adjutant-general,  and  the  duties  of  adju- 
tant and  inspector  were  performed,  under  detail,  by  Major  Cushing  (who  resided  in 
Washington)  from  June  15,  1800,  to  April  2,  1807. 

3  Colonel  Macomb  relieved  Major  Nicoll,  April  28,  1812,  having  been  directed  in 
War  Department  order  of  that  date  "to  perform  the  duties  of  Adjutant- General  until 
further  orders." 

*  General  Pike  was  killed,  after  the  capture  of  York,  upper  Canada,  by  the  explo- 
sion of  a  magazine  April  27,  1813.  From  this  time  until  May  19,  1814,  the  office 
remained  vacant,  the  act  of  March  3,  1813,  having  been  construed  to  the  effect  that 
there  could  be  but  one  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General,  who  must  either  be  an  officer 
appointed  and  confirmed  to  that  office,  or  else  be  a  brigadier-general  especially  des- 
ignated by  the  President  to  perform  the  functions.  The  affairs  of  the  office  were 
meanwhile  administered  by  Maj.  C.  K.  Gardner,  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  until 
December  30,  1813,  and  from  that  date  to  May  28,  1814  (with  the  exception  of  the 
brief  term  of  service  of  General  Winder)  by  Col.  J.  De  B.  Walbach,  Adjutant-General, 
who  was  relieved  at  that  date  by  Maj.  John  R.  Bell,  assistant  inspector. 

5General  Parker  was  appointed  Paymaster-General  June  1,  1821.  By  general 
orders  of  that  date  from  headquarters  of  the  Army  Lieut.  E.Kirby,  aid-de-camp,  was 
directed  to  perform  the  duties  of  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  until  further  orders. 

'Colonel  Gadsden's  appointment  was  not  confirmed  by  the  Senate  and  his  com- 
mission expired  March  22,  1822.  On  the  following  April  12  the  President  renomi- 
nated him  for  the  office,  but  the  Senate  adhered  to  its  original  determination. 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,     .     .     .     That  there  be  an  Adjutant-General. 

That  his  pay  be  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  per  month. 

June  17,  1775. 

The  Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  choice  of  the  officers  in  the 
Army  by  ballot. 

*  *  * 

Horatio  Gates,  esq.,  Adjutant-General. 

Resolved,  That  Horatio  Gates,  esq.,1  now  chosen  Adjutant-General, 
shall  have  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

July  9,  1775. — Announces  appointment  of  Brig.  Gen.  Horatio  Gates  as  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Army.     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

July  17,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  convention  of  New  York  be  desired  to  recom  • 
mend  to  General  Schuyler  a  proper  person  for  a  deputy  adjutant- 
general,  or  brigade  major  for  the  Army  in  the  New  York  Department. 

July  19,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  it  be  left  to  General  Washington,  if  he 
thinks  fit,  to  appoint  three  brigade  majors  and  commission  them 
accordingly. 

July  W,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the     ...     be     ...     : 
Deputy  adjutant-general,  fifty  dollars  per  do.  (month). 
*  *  * 

Brigade  major,  thirty-three  dollars  per  do.  (month). 

August  15,  1775. — "David  Henley,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General 
Heath's  brigade." 

"John  Trumbull,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General  Spencer's  brigade." 

"  Richard  Carey,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  the  brigade  commanded  by 
the  eldest  colonel. 

"Thomas  Chase,  Daniel  Box,  and  Alexander  Scammel,  esqr.,  are  appointed  to 
continue  to  do  duty  of  brigade  majors  to  the  brigades  they  respectively  belong." 

August  17,  1775. — "  Thomas  ( "hase,  esqr.,  is  to  continue  to  do  duty  as  major  of  bri- 
gade to  Brigadier-General  Thomas's  brigade."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge. ) 

August  SO,  1775. — "  By  the  orders  of  the  17th  instant,  Thomas  Chase,  esqr.,  was,  to 
the  prejudice  of  Samuel  Brewer,  esqr.,  through  mistake  appointed  to  be  continued  to 

'Afterwards  major-general,  and,  in  1777,  president  of  the  Hoard  of  War.  He 
accompanied  Washington  to  Cambridge. 

53 


54       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY   OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

do  duty  to  Brigadier-General  Thomas's  brigade,  as  major  of  brigade.  His  excellency 
orders  that  mistake  to  be  rectified,  and  directs  Samuel  Brewer  to  be  continued  to  act 
as  major  of  brigade  to  Brigadier-General  Thomas."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge.) 

September  U,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  Edward  Flemming,  esq.,  be  appointed  deputy 
adjutant-general  for  the  Army  in  the  New  York  or  Northern  Depart- 
ment, with  the  rank  of  a  colonel.     .     .     . 

September  21,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  ordered  to  issue  commissions 
to  Majors  Box,  Scammel,  and  Brewer  as  brigade  majors. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  General  Schuyler  be  empowered  to  nominate  and 
appoint  a  proper  person  to  the  office  of  brigade  major  in  the  army 
under  his  command,  and  to  issue  a  commission  accordingly. 

November  8,  1775. — "Congress  directs  you  to  acquaint  General  Schuyler  that  they 
approve  of  his  appointment  of  Captain  Dimon  to  be  a  brigade  major,  and  have  ordered 
him  a  commission  accordingly. ' '  (Letter  of  committee  to  Messrs.  R.  R.  Livingstone,  Rob- 
ert Treat  Paine,  and  J.  Langdon. ) 

January  7,  1776. — "The  Adjutant-General  will  this  day  deliver  to  the  brigade 
majors  the  number  of  the  new  articles  of  war  necessary  for  each  regiment,  in  their 
respective  brigades;  and  that  no  mistake  in  regard  to  the  said  articles  may  possibly 
happen,  each  book  is  signed  by  the  honorable  John  Hancock,  esqr.,  president  of  the 
Continental  Congress,  and  countersigned  upon  the  title  page  by  William  Tudor,  esqr., 
Judge- Advocate  of  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Cambridge.) 

March  3,  1776. — '  'All  arms  in  store  fit  for  use  may  be  delivered  out  to  the  Adjutant- 
General's  order."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

March  6,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Thomas  Bullit,  esq.,  be  appointed  deputy  adjutant- 
general  in  the  Southern  Department  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

March  23,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  committee  on  qualifications  having  recom- 
mended Peter  Scull  to  be  a  brigade  major  in  the  Army  of  the  United 
Colonies  in  the  Middle  Department. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  commissions  be  granted  to  them  accordingly. 

March  30,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  each  brigadier-general,  when  in  command,  be  empow- 
ered to  appoint  a  brigade  major. 

May  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Thomas  Bullit,  esq.,  the  deputy  adjutant- 
general  in  Virginia,  be  advanced  to  the  rank  of  colonel. 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL^    DEPARTMENT.  55 

June  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the      .      .      .      deputy  adjutants-general, 
make  regular  returns  and  reports  to  Congress,  and  to  the  respective 
officers  to  whom  they  are  deputies,  at  least  once  a  month,  and  that  the 
principals  also  make  returns  to  Congress  at  the  same  periods. 

*  *  -X- 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  an  Adjutant-General 
.  .  .  to  fill  up  the  vacancies  in  those  offices;  when  the  ballots  being 
taken  and  examined, 

Joseph  Reed,  esq.,  was  elected  Adjutant-General     .     .     . 

»  *  * 

Resolved,  That  Joseph  Reed,  esq.,  have  the  pay  of  125  dollars  a 
month  and  the  rank  of  a  colonel. 

June  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  an  experienced  general  be  immediately  sent  into 
Canada,  with  power  to  appoint  a  deputy  adjutant-general,  .  .  . 
and  such  other  officers  as  he  shall  find  necessary  for  the  good  of  the 
service  .  .  .  and  notify  the  same  to  Congress  for  their  approba- 
tion. 

June  18, 1776. — "Joseph  Reed,  esqr.,  is  appointed  Adjutant-General  of  all  the  Con- 
tinental forces  with  the  rank  of  colonel."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York. ) 

.}uuei!U,  1776.— "■  Jonathan  Mifflin,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General 
Mifflin."      {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

July  19,  1776. 

The  Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  adjutant-general 
for  the  flying  camp;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Samuel  Griffin,  esq.,  was  elected. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Griffin,  as  deputy  adjutant-general,  have  the 
rank  of  colonel. 

July  25,  1776. — "  Peter  Gusdon,  esqr.,  is  appointed  major  of  brigade  to  Brigadier- 
General  Heard."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

July  28,  1776. — "William  Peck,  esqr.,  who  has  for  sometime  past  done  the  duty  of 
brigadier  major  to  General  Spencer,  is  appointed  to  that  office."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  New  York.) 

August  7,  1776. — "John  Palsgrave  Wyllys,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to 
General  Wadsworth;  Mark  Hopkins,  esqr.,  to  General  Fellows."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  New  York.) 

August  9,  1776. — "Nicholas  Fish,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General 
Scott."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

August  12,  1776. — "  Major  Henly  (for  the  present)  is  to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 
in  General  James  Clinton's  brigade,  Major  Box  in  General  Nixon's,  Major  Living- 
ston in  Lord  Stirling's,  and  Major  Peck  in  General  Parsons',  and  Richard  Piatt,  esqr., 
is  to  do  duty  of  brigade  major  in  General  McDougall's."  ( Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters New  York.) 

August  15,  1776. — "Cant.  Thomas  Dyer  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  to  General 
Parsons'  brigade  till  further  orders."     {Orders,  <  ieneral  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

August  20,  1776. — "Edward  Tilghman,  esqr.,  is  appointed  as  an  assistant  brigade 
major  to  Lord  Stirling,  the  duty  of  the  whole  division  being  too  great  for  one  officer." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York. ) 

August  21,  1776. — "Adjutant  Taylor  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  to  General 
McDougall's  brigade  during  Major  Piatt's  illness."  {Orders,  Gmend  [Feadquarlers, 
New  York.) 

August  31,  1776. — "  Ebenezer  Gray  is  appointed  hrigade  major  to  General  Par- 
sons."    {Orders,  General  Ifrndquur'rrs,  Sew  York.) 


56       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U     S.   ARMY. 

September  1,  1776. — "Samuel  Augustus  Barker  to  act  as  major  to  the  brigade  under 
Colonel  Douglass;  Benjamin  Talmadge,  brigade  major  to  Col.  Chester."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  New  York. ) 

September  4,  1776. — Captain  Howell,  of  the  2nd  Jersey  regiment,  was  appointed 
brigade  major  to  the  3rd  Brigade  (Col.  Stark's).  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Ticonderoga. ) 

September  6, 1776. — "David  Henley,  esqr.,  is  appointed  depy.  adjt.  general  until 
further  orders,  and  immediately  to  repair  to  General  Spencers'  division  to  regulate 
the  several  returns  and  do  the  other  duties  of  said  office,  extending  his  care  to  the 
division  under  General  Heath."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

September  7,  1776. — "Major  Lee  is  desired  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  in  Major 
Henly's  stead,  till  an  appointment  is  made."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New 
York.) 

September  9,  1776. — "Mr.  Adjutant  Bradford  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  to 
General  Nixon's  brigade  during  Major  Box's  illness."  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
New  York.) 

September  10,  1776. — "Major  Scammell  is  appointed  a  temporary  assistant  to  the 
Adjutant-General,  and  is  to  repair  to  General  Heath's  division."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  New  York.) 

September  12,  1776. 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  sundry  officers;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

*  *  * 

John  Trumbull,  esq.,  was  elected  deputy  adjutant-general  of  the 
Army  in  the  Northern  Department. 

September  28,  1776. — "Mr.  Finn  Wadsworth  is  appointed  major  of  brigade  to 
General  Wadsworth."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harkm  Heights.) 

October  7,  1776. — "  Capt.  William  Mc Williams,  of  the  3rd  Virginia  Regiment,  is  to 
do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  in  Colonel  Weedon's  brigade  till  further  notice." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harlem  Heights.) 

October  9,  1776. — "David  Dexter,  esqr.,  is  appointed  to  act  as  brigade  major  to  the 
brigade  under  Colonel  Lippet."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harlem  Heights. ) 

October  11, 1776. — "  [Benjamin]  Talmadge,  esqr. ,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Gen- 
eral Wadsworth."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harlem  Heights.) 

October  17,  1776. — "Daniel  Lyman,  esqr.,  is  appointed  major  of  brigade  to  General 
Fellows."'   (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harlem  Heights.) 

October  21,  1776. 

i  Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follows:     .     .     . 

To  the     .     .     .     deputy  adjutant-general,  6  rations,     .     .     . 

October  26,  1776. — "Capt.  Ebenezer  Huntington  is  to  assist  the  Adjutant-General 
in  regulating  the  duties  and  details  of  General  Heath's  division  till  further  orders." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  White  Plains. ) 

October  29,  1776. — Alexander  Scammell,  esqr.,  appointed  assistant  to  the  adjutant- 
general  for  General  Lee's  division.     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  White  Plains.) 

November  19, 1776. 

Resolved,  [that  weekly  returns  of  all  rations  issued  or  paid  be  made 
by  the  Commissary-General  or  his  deputies]  to  the  Adjutant-General 
or  his  deputies,  to  be  by  him  inserted  in  the  general  returns  of  the 
Army,  and  transmitted  to  Congress  monthly. 

January  13,  1777. — "Till  an  Adjutant-General  is  appointed  the  duty  of  that  office 
will  be  discharged  by  Colonel  Weedon,  who  is  obliging  enough  to  undertake  it  pro 
tempore."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

January  17, 1777. — "Lieut.  Isaac  Budd  Dunn  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General 
St.  Clair."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENEEAL'S  DEPARTMENT.  57 

February  W,  1777. 

Revolved,  That  the  President  write  to  General  Gates  ana  inform  him 
it  is  the  earnest  desire  of  Congress  that  he  should  resume  the  office  of 
Adjutant-General,  and  that  his  present  rank  and  pay  shall  be  continued 
to  him. 

February  <2<2,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Thomas  Bullit,  esq.,  deputy  adjutant-general,  have 
the  rank  of  a  colonel  in  the  Continental  establishment. 

March  1,  1777. — "Isaac  Budd  Dunn,  esqr.,  will  do  the  duty  of  Adjutant-General  pro 
tempore,  and  to  be  attended  to  accordingly."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Mor- 
ristown. ) 

March  26,  1777. 

Ordered,  That  the  President  acquaint  General  Washington  that 
Congress  expect  the  office  of  Adjutant-General  to  be  filled  by  a  speedy 
appointment  of  a  person  of  abilities  and  unsuspected  attachment  to 
these  United  States,  and  recommend  Colonel  William  Lee  to  his  con- 
sideration for  this  purpose. 

April  J+,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Adjutant-General  be  ordered  to  send 
monthly  to  the  Board  of  War  a  copy  of  the  abstracts  [of  all  the  musters, 
regimentally  digested,  and  of  the  rations  drawn  or  retained  by  the 
several  regiments]  which  he  received  from  the  commissary -general  of 
musters,  together  with  an  abstract  of  the  returns  of  the  Army. 

April  9,  1777. — "Major  Dunn  being  obliged  to  attend  Major-General  St.  Clair  to 
Philadelphia,  to  which  place  he  is  called  by  Congress,  Lieut.  Colonel  Connor  will 
be  obliging  enough  to  discharge  the  duty  of  Adjutant-General  pro  tempore." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

April  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  pay  of  brigade  majors  in  the  Conti- 
nental Army  be  raised  to  50  dollars  a  month. 

April  19,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Gates  be  empowered  to  appoint  a 
deputy  adjutant-general  for  the  Northern  Department. 

April  /.'/,  1777. — Deputy  Adjutant-General  Trumbull's  resignation  was  accepted. 

May  11,  1777. — "Benjamin  Day,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General  Wood- 
ford, and  Samuel  Shaw,  esqr..  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier-General 
Knox."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  hi,  1777. — "William  Johnson,  escjr.,  formerly  brigade  major  to  General  Lewis, 
18 appointed  to  that  duty  in  Brigadier-General  Scott's  Brigade."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  U,  1777. 

Involved,  .  .  .  [A  major-general  and  a  brigadier-general  not  hav- 
ing the  command  of  a  separate  department  shall  each  be  allowed  forage 
for  six  horses  for  themselves,]  their    .     .     .     brigade  majors    .     .     . 


58       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commander  of  any  separate  depart- 
ment shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities  of  forage,  and  for 
and  during  such  times,  as  they  shall  think  proper,  ...  to  the 
Adjutant-General  and  his  deputies,  .  .  .  :  Provided  always,  That 
if  any  of  the  officers  above  mentioned,  their  deputies  or  assistants, 
should  be  allowed  forage  in  consequence  of  any  general  orders  here- 
after given,  and  should  nevertheless  not  keep  any  or  so  many  horses 
as  they  would  be  permitted  to  draw  forage  for,  in  such  case  no  forage 
shall  be  issued  for  more  horses  than  they  really  have,  nor  shall  they 
at  any  time  thereafter  be  allowed  any  forage,  or  back  allowance,  or 
any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

May  16,  1777. — "Francis  Swain,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier- 
General  Muhlenberg."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  19,  1777. — "  Thomas  Mullens,  esqr. ,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier- 
General  De  Borre."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  20,  1777. — "  Valentine  Peers,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier- 
General  Weedon."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

May  21,  1777. — "Michael  Ryan,  esqr.  (late  brigade  major  to  the  garrison  of  Ticon- 
deroga  and  Fort  Independence),  is  appointed  to  that  duty  in  Brigadier-General 
Wayne's  Brigade."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  26,  1777. — "Peter  Tarling,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier- 
General  Conway."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

May  27,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  if  General  Gates,  before  General  Schuyler's  arrival 
at  Albany,  shall  have  appointed  a  deputy  adjutant-general,  .  .  . 
for  the  Northern  army,  the  said  appointments  be  confirmed;  if  not, 
that  General  Schuyler  be  empowered  to  make  these  appointments. 

May  29,  1777. — "  Major  Ryan,  who  has  done  the  duty  of  the  Adjutant-General  for 
some  days  past,  is  now  excused  from  that  service. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Middle  Brook.) 

June 2,  1777. — "Until  the  arrival  of  Brigadier  De  Haas,  the  eldest  officer  in  his 
brigade  is  to  take  the  command,  and  John  Harper,  esqr.,  is  appointed  to  thetluty 
of  brigade  major  in  that  brigade  till  further  orders."  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Middle  Brook. ) 

June  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  XXXIV.  That  no  returns  of  rations  drawn  or 
returned  by  the  several  regiments  be  hereafter  made  by  the  .  .  . 
commissary-general  of  musters  ...  to  the  Adjutant-General,  or 
by  the  Adjutant-General  to  the  board  of  war,  as  directed  in  the  regu- 
lations of  the  muster  master  general's  department,  passed  by  Congress 
the  4th  day  of  April  last. 

June  18,  1777 . — "Timothy  Pickering,  esqr.,  is  appointed  Adjutant-General  to  the 
Continental  Army.  .  .  .  The  General  begs  Col.  Connor  to  accept  his  thanks  for 
his  obliging  and  punctual  discharge  of  the  office  for  the  time  he  has  acted  as  such." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle  Brook.) 

July  18,  1777. — "Thomas  Fosdick,  esqr.,  was  on  the  first  instant  appointed  brigade 
major  to  Brigadier-General  Glover." 

Roger  Alden,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Brigadier-General  Huntington." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Pompton  Plains.) 

July  17,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  General  Spencer  be  informed,  in  answer  to  his  letter 
of  the  20th  of  May,  that  Congress  confirm  the  appointment  by  him  of 
William  Peck,  esq.,  deputy  adjutant-general  to  the  militia  and  State 
troops  of  Rhode  Island,  kept  in  Continental  pay. 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT.  59 

August  28,  1777. — "Joseph  Scott,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  General 
Muhlenberg,  in  the  room  of  Major  Swaine,  resigned."  (Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters, Wilmington.) 

September  2,  1777. — "Mathew  Smith,  esqr.,  is  appointed  deputy  adjutant-general 
in  the  Continental  Army."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Wilmington.) 

October  3,  1777. — "Lewis  Fleury,  esqr.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  the  Count 
Pulaski,  brigadier-general  of  the  Light  Dragoons." 

"Thomas  Mullens,  esqr.,  is  to  act  as  brigade  major  to  General  Conway  till  further 
orders."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters  at  Wentz's,  Worcester  I'ownship.) 

October  6,  1777. — "Thomas  Mullens,  esqr.,  appointed  the  3rd  instant  to  act  as 
brigade  major  to  General  Conway,  is  now,  for  his  gallant  behavior  on  the  4th  instant, 
appointed  brigade  major  to  General  Conway."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Perkiomy. ) 

October  11,  1777. — "Capt.  Paul  Parker,  of  Colonel  Hartley's  regiment,  is  appointed 
to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  in  General  Wayne's  brigade  till  further  orders." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Torramensing.) 

October  14,  1777. — "Lyman  Hitchcock,  esqr.,  is  appointed  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade 
major  in  the  2nd  Maryland  Brigade,  late  De  Borre's." 

"Mr.  John  Lawson,  adjutant  to  the  Prince  William  Militia,  is  appointed  to  do  the 
duty  of  brigade  major  in  the  brigade  of  militia  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Crawford." 

"Richard  Emory,  esq.,  is  appointed  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  in  the  First 
Maryland  Brigade."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Towamensing.) 

October  26,  1777. — "Captain  Thomas  Patterson,  of  Col.  Dayton's  regiment,  is  ap- 
pointed brigade  major  (pro  tempore)  fur  General  Maxwell's  brigade."  (Orders,  Gen- 
eral Headquarters,  Whit  pain. ) 

October  20,  1777. — "  Capt.  McGowen  is  appointed  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major 
in  the  brigade,  late  De  Haas's."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Whilpain  Township.) 

November  6, 1777. — Colonel  James  Wilkinson,  Adjutant-General  of  Northern  Army, 
being  strongly  recommended  by  General  Gates  as  a  "gallant  officer  and  a  promising 
military  genius,"  was,  in  consideration  of  his  services  in  that  department,  given  the 
brevet  of  brigadier-general. 

November  18,  1777. — "Richard  Claiborne,  esq.,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  Gen- 
eral Weedon's  brigade."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  White  Marsh.) 

December  26,  1777. — Henry  McCormick,  esq.,  appointed  brigade  major  to  the 
Pennsylvania  brigade.     ( Orders,  General  Hdqrs. )     No  place  given. 

January  2,  1778. — Adjutant  Marvin,  appointed  brigade  major  pro  tern,  to  Gen. 
Varn urn's  brigade.     (Orders,  General  Headquarters.)     No  place  given. 

January  5,  1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  an  adjutant-general  in  the 
room  of  Colonel  Pickering,  who  is  called  to  the  board  of  war,  and,  the 
ballots  being  taken,  Colonel  Alexander  Scammel  was  unanimously 
elected. 

January  8,  1778. — John  Berrien,  appointed  brigade  major  to  the  North  Carolina 
brigade.     ( Orders,  General.  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

January  12,  1778. — Lieut.  Stagg.  of  Colonel  Malcolm's  regiment,  appointed  brigade 
major  pro  tem.  in  the  brigade  late  General  Conway's.  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Valley  Forge.) 

January  13,  1778. 

Unsolved,  .  .  .  That  ...  a  deputy  adjutant-general  .  .  . 
be  appointed  to  act  pro  tempore  for  the  troops  aforesaid  [from  New 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut,  con- 
stantly employed  in  Rhode  Island  for  the  defense  of  the  State  and  of 
the  Providence  Plantations];  that  the  .  .  .  deputy  adjutant- 
general  ...  be  appointed  by  the  officer  commanding  at  the  post 
[Providence];  and  that  each  .  .  .  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  and 
office.     .     .     . 

February  26,  1778. — Captain  Duval  and  Adjutant  Haskell,  appointed  to  act  as 
brigade  majors  in  General  Mcintosh's  and  (icneral  Patterson's  brigades,  respectively, 
till  the  return  of  Brigade  Majors  McCtare  ;mcl  Berrien.  (Orders,  General  J/radqimr- 
ters,  Valley  Forge.) 


60      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

March  22,  1778. — Captain  T.  Seely,  appointed  brigade  major  in  the  2nd  Penn. 
brigade,  vice  Brigade  Major  McGowan.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

March  25,  1778. — Mr.  Fanski,  adjutant  in  General  Huntington's  brigade,  appointed 
to  duty  as  brigade  major  in  the  absence  of  Brigade  Major  Alden.  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

March  29,  1778. — Captain  Walker,  of  Colonel  Livingston's  regiment,  appointed 
brigade  major  pro  tem.  in  General  Poor's  brigade.  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Valley  Forge.) 

April  14,  1778. — Lieut.  McLinney  to  act  as  brigade  major  in  the  late  Conway's 
brigade  till  Major  Stagg  returned. 

April  26,  1778. — Elihu  Marshall,  adjutant  2nd  N.  Y.  Regiment,  appointed  to  act  as 
brigade  major  in  Gen.  Poor's  brigade  until  further  orders.  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Valley  Forge. ) 

May  5,  1778. — Aaron  Ogden,  esqr.,  appointed  brigade  major  in  Gen.  Maxwell's 
brigade.      (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.) 

May  U,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  adjutant-general  be  appointed  for  the  army 
in  the  Northern  Department  under  the  command  of  General  Gates. 
The  ballots  being  taken, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Robert  Troup  was  elected. 

May  21,  1778. — Mr.  Vowles,  adjutant  7th  Va.  Regiment,  appointed  as  brigade 
major  in  General  Woodford's  brigade.     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.) 

May  W,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  brigade  major  be  appointed,  as  heretofore,  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commander  in  a  separate  department,  out 
of  the  captains  in  the  brigade  to  which  he  shall  be  appointed. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line  there  be  allowed 
to     ...     a  brigade  major  24  dollars.     .     .     . 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  present  .  .  .  brigade  majors  to  receive 
their  present  pay  and  rations. 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  brigade  majors  .  .  .  shall  hold  their 
present  ranks,  and  be  admissible  into  the  line  again  in  the  same  rank 
they  held  when  taken  from  the  line;  provided,  that  no  .  .  .  bri- 
gade major  .  .  .  shall  have  the  command  of  any  officers  who 
commanded  him  while  in  the  line. 

Resolved,  That  whenever  the  Adjutant-General  shall  be  appointed 
from  the  line  he  may  continue  to  hold  his  rank  and  commission  in 
the  line. 

June  <2, 1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  adjutant-general  in 
the  Northern  Department  in  the  room  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Troup, 
who  declines  and  whose  commission  is  returned  by  General  Gates; 
and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

William  Malcolm  was  elected. 

June  14,  1778. — "On  the  march  Lieut.  Colonel  Fleury  will  be  attached  to  General 
Lee's  division;  Lieut.  Colonel  Davies  to  General  Stirling's;  Lieut.  Colonel  Barber  to 
General  Mifflin's;  Major  Ternant  to  General  de  La  Fayette's;  Lieut.  Colonel  Brooks 
to  General  De  Kalb's;  and,  as  they  will  not  be  employed  on  the  march  in  exercising 
or  maneuvering  the  troops,  they  are  to  fill  the  office  of  adjutant-general,  each  in  his 
respective  division."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forg<-.) 

June  15,  1778. — Captain  Smith,  brigade  inspector  in  General  Varnum's  brigade, 
was  also  appointed  brigade  major  in  the  same,  doing  duty  in  both  capacities.  ( Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  61 

June  19, 1778. 

Resolved,  That  Colonel  William  Malcolm,  deputy  adjutant-general 
in  the  Arm  v.  now  under  command  of  Major-General  Gates,  be  per- 
mitted to  hold  his  rank  in  the  Army  and  his  regiment,  if  the  same 
shall  be  kept  up  in  the  new  arrangement  now  making. 

November  17, 1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  adjutant-general 
.  .  .  for  the  troops  in  the  Southern  Department;  and  the  ballots 
being  taken, 

Captain  Edmund  Hyrne  was  elected  deputy  adjutant-general  .  .  . 
for  the  troops  in  the  Southern  Department,  they  having  been  previ- 
ously nominated  by  the  Delegates  of  South  Carolina. 

JitiDHirii  8,  1779. — "Lieutenant  Robert Porterfield,  of  the  7th  Virginia  Regiment,  is 
to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  till  further  orders  in  General  Woodford's  brigade, 
Brigade  Major  Porterfield  being  absent."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle 
Brook.) 

February  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  that  the  office  of  brigade  inspector  shall  in  future 
be  annexed  to  that  of  major  of  brigade. 

Mmj  /.{,  1779. — "Major  Cabell  is  appointed  brigade  major  and  inspector  to  Gen- 
eral .Muhlenberg's  brigade  and  Major  Croghan  to  General  Woodford's."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Middle  Brook. ) 

May  17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  be  allowed  the  same  rations  as  a  brigadier-general. 

That  he  be  permitted  to  engage  two  assistants  and  one  clerk,  the 
assistants  to  be  taken  from  the  line,  and  both  they  and  the  clerk  to  be 
approved  of  by  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

That  each  assistant  be  allowed  such  an  addition  to  his  appointments 
as  an  officer  of  the  line  as  shall  make  the  same  equal  to  those  of  a 
lieutenant-colonel. 

That  the  clerk  be  taken  from  the  subalterns  or  volunteers  in  the 
Army,  and  allowed  pay  and  subsistence  equal  in  the  whole  to  those  of 
a  captain. 

May  24,  1779. — "Capt.  Nicholas  Gilman,  of  the  3rd  New  Hampshire  Regiment, 
from  the  15th  of  January,  1778,  and  Capt.  John  Singer  Dexter,  of  the  1st  Rim' It- 
Island  Regiment,  from  the  1st  of  May  following,  are  appointed  assistants  to  the 
Adjutant-General."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle  Brook.) 

./inie  12,  1779. — "Capt.  Alexander,  entitled  to  a  majority,  is  appointed  brigade 
major  to  the  1st,  and  Capt.  Moore,  also  entitled  to  a  majority.  Is  appointed  brigade 
major  to  the  2nd  Pennsylvania  brigades."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Smith's 
Tavern. ) 

the  1st 


djutant- 

General  during  said  time"  [temporary  absence  of  the  Adjutant-General  with  the 
Commander  in  Chief].     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Smith's  Tavern.) 


62       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

June  M,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  majors,  in  consideration  of  their  extra  duty,  acting 
as  .  .  .  majors  of  brigade,  receive  $44  per  month,  in  addition  to 
their  regimental  pay. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  Adjutant-General,  for  the  time  being,  be  also 
assistant  inspector-general. 

June  24,  1779. — "Capt.  Henry  Hardman,  of  the  7th  Maryland  Regiment,  entitled  to 
a  majority,  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  the  2nd  Maryland  Brigade."  (Orders,  Gen- 
eral Headquarters,  New  Windsor. ) 

July  1,  1779. — "Henry  McCormick,  esq.,  late  brigade  major  to  the  1st  Penna. 
Brigade  is  appointed  to  do  the  duties  of  brigade  major  and  brigade  inspector  to  the 
light  corps  under  Brig.  General  Wayne."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New 
Windsor. ) 

July  8,  1779. — "Major  Oliver,  of  the  Massachusetts  line,  is  appointed  major  of 
brigade  to  Gen'l  Nixon's  Brigade."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor.) 

July  13,  1779. — "Capt.  Selman,  of  the  4th  Maryland  Regiment,  is  appointed  to  the 
duty  of  brigade  major  in  the  2nd  Maryland  Brigade  till  further  orders,  vice  Capt. 
Hardman,  who  declines  that  duty  at  present."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New 
Windsor. ) 

July  25,  1779. — "Lt.  Col.  Brooks,  a  subinspector  in  the  Army,  is  to  be  considered 
as  deputy  adjutant-general  in  the  garrison  at  West  Point  and  its  dependencies." 

"Major  Andrew  Peters,  of  Col.  Bailey's  regiment,  is  appointed  brigade  major, 
etc.,  in  the  4th  Massachusetts  (commonly  called  Late  Learned's)  Brigade."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Moore's  House. ) 

July  SI,  1779. — "John  Davidson,  esq.,  of  the  2nd  Maryland  Regiment,  and  eldest 
capt.  in  the  Maryland  Brigade  is  appointed  brigade  major  to  the  same  till  further 
orders,  vice  Ca^t.  Selman,  whose  ill  state  of  health  prevents  his  doing  that  duty." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore's  House.) 

August  2,  1779. — "Capt.  John  Doughty,  of  the  Corps  of  Artillery,  is  appointed 
brigade  major  to  the  same  till  further  orders. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore's 
House. ) 

November  5,  1779. — "Major  Scott,  of  the  New  Hampshire  line,  is  appointed  brigade 
major  to  Gen'l  Poor's  Brigade."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore' s  House.) 

December  24,  1779. — "  Major  Church,  of  the  4th  Pennsylvania  Reg't,  is  appointed 
brigade  major  and  inspector  to  Gen'l  Hand's  Brigade."  (Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters, Morristown.) 

December  25,  1779. — "The  Adjutant-General  having  leave  of  absence  Col.  Williams 
is  appointed  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  office  until  his  return."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

January  1,  1780. — "Capt.  Brice,  of  the  3rd  Maryland  Regiment,  is  appointedbrigade 
major  and  brigade  inspector  of  the  1st  Maryland  Brigade  till  further  orders." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

April  11,  1780. — "Colonel  Scammell,  having  returned,  will  resume  the  duties  of  his 
office.  The  Commander  in  Chief  requests  Col.  Williams  to  accept  his  thanks  for  the 
attention,  assiduity,  and  propriety  with  which  he  has  conducted  the  office  in  the 
absence  of  Col.  Scammell."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristonm.) 

June  U,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Major-General  Gates  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint  a  deputy  adjutant-general  .  .  .  [for  the 
Southern  army]. 

July  12,  1780.—  "Capt.  McGowan  is  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  in  Gen'l 
Hand's  Brigade  till  Lieutenant-Colonel  Command' t  Butler's  health  permits  him  to 
join  his  regiment."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Pracaness.) 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  68 

by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  bag- 
gage wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to-wit: 
*  *  * 

Adjutant-General  and  assistants  ...  1  covered  1-horse  wagon. 
Deputy  adjutant-general  with  a  separate  army  ...  1  2-horse 
wagon. 

•:<•  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bathorses  by  these  regulations,  there  be  issued  ...  as  many 
rations  as  the  service  shall  require. 

.  .  .  Adjutant-General  and  his  family,  including  what  he  may 
draw  in  the  line,  seven  deputy  adjutants-general  for  a  separate  army, 
three  including  what  he  may  draw  in  the  line     .     .     . 

July  20,1780. — "Captain  Ogden  of  the  Jersey  Brigade  is  appointed  to  do  the  duty 
of  brigade  major  in  the  same  until  the  return  of  Major  Ross. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Pracaness. ) 

September  16,  1780. — "  Major  James  Moore  is  appointed  brigade  major  ...  to 
the  1st  Pennsylvania  Brigade  from  the  21st  of  July  last."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Steenrapia. ) 

September  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  There  shall  be  one  assistant  inspector-general 
with  the  main  army,  who  shall  be  adjutant-general  for  the  time  being, 
and  shall  receive  in  addition  to  his  pay  $10  per  month;  and  one  to 
every  separate  army,  when  consisting  of  two  or  more  divisions,  who 
shall  be  the  deputy  adjutant-general,  and  shall  receive  in  addition  to 
his  pay  $8  per  month. 

*  *  * 

The  assistant  inspectors-general  shall  assist  in  the  general  duties  of 
the  department  .  .  .  and  they  shall  nevertheless  continue  to  per- 
form their  duties  of  adjutant  and  deputy  adjutant-general. 

The  inspectors  shall  attend  to  the  execution  of  the  regulations  estab- 
lished for  the  Army  in  their  respective  divisions  ...  at  all  times 
performing  the  dut}*  of  adjutant-general  to  the  same;  and  when  a 
detachment  of  more  than  one  division  is  sent  from  the  Army  the  eldest 
inspector  of  the  marching  troops  shall  act  as  adjutant-general  to  the 
detachment. 

The  subinspectors  shall  do  the  duty  of  majors  of  brigade  to  the 
brigades  to  which  they  belong     . 

November  11,  1780. — "  Captain  Converse  is  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  .  .  . 
to  the  I'd  ( 'onnecticut  Brigade  in  the  absence  of  Major  Wood  bridge."  (Orders,  Gen- 
>  i-nl  J/ifidquurters,  Fotowa/) 

November  28,  1780. 

< h-drred,  That  .  .  ..  the  Adjutant-General,  ...  be  sup- 
plied with  the  journals  of  Congress. 

December  k,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  instead  of  the  additional  pay  allowed  to  officers  in 
the  inspector's  department  by  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  w25th 
of  September  last,  the  following  sums  be  allowed,  viz: 

To  the  Adjutant -General,  as  assistant  inspector,  35  dollars  per 
month. 


64       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

January  8,  1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  Adjutant-General,  and,  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Brigadier-General  Hand  was  elected. 

January  12,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  additional  pay  of  .  .  .  brigade  majors,-  .  .  . 
agreeably  to  the  act  of  27th  May,  1778,  be  considered  as  fixed  in  specie; 
and  that  the  same,  from  and  after  the  18th  day  of  August  last,  be 
drawn  in  bills  of  the  new  emission. 

July  14,  1781. — "Captain  Robert  Pemberton  [is]  appointed  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  vice  Dexter,  promoted,  and  joined  his  regiment."  {Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters near  Dobbs  Ferry. ) 

August  19,  1781. — "Lieut.  Col.  Grosvenor  is  appointed  to  the  duty  of  deputy 
adjutant-general  of  the  troops  placed  under  the  immediate  command  of  Major- 
General  Heath."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters  near  Dobbs  Ferry.) 

October  2,  1781. — "Capt.  John  Carlisle,  of  Genl.  Hazen's  regt.,  is  appointed  an 
assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters  before  York.) 

Jiiue  28,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  so  much  of  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  27th 
day  of  May,  1778,  as  relates  to  additional  pay  given  to  captains  .  .  . 
acting  as     .     .     .     brigade  majors  be,  and  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Resolved,  That  there  shall  be  such  additional  pay  and  emoluments  to 
the  pay  of  captains  .  .  .  serving  as  .  .  .  brigade  majors  as 
shall  make  their  pay  and  emoluments  equal  to  the  pay  and  emoluments 
of  a  major  in  the  line  of  the  Army. 

August  1,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Adjutant-General  be  appointed  by  Congress  from 
the  general  officers,  colonels,  lieutenant-colonels,  commandants,  or 
lieutenant-colonels  in  the  Army;  his  pay  shall  be  125  dollars  per  month; 
he  shall  receive  four  rations  per  daj^,  and  25£  dollars  per  month  sub- 
sistence. The  Adjutant-General  shall  also  be  allowed  forage  for  four 
riding  horses,  and  be  furnished  with  two  four-horse  and  one  two-horse 
covered  wagons  for  the  transportation  of  his  official  papers,  his  own, 
his  assistants',  and  clerk's  baggage.  He  shall  have  two  assistants  and 
one  clerk,  to  be  appointed  by  himself,  and  approved  of  by  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief.  The  assistants  shall  be  majors  or  captains  in  the 
Army.  The  pay  of  each  shall  be  50  dollars  per  month,  one  ration  and 
a  half  per  day,  8  dollars  per  month  for  subsistence,  and  forage  for 
two  riding  horses.  The  assistants  shall  be  allowed  each  6f  dollars  per 
month  for  servant's  wages  and  the  clothing  and  rations  allowed  to  a 
private  soldier.  The ,  clerk  shall  be  a  subaltern  or  volunteer  in  the 
Army;  his  pay  shall  be  40  dollars  per  month;  he  shall  draw  one  ration 
per  day,  and  receive  6£  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

That  there  be  as  many  deputies  adjutant-general  of  the  rank  of  field 
officers  as  there  may  be  separate  armies  in  the  United  States  that  con- 
sist of  one  or  more  divisions,  to  be  appointed  occasionally  by  the 
commanding  officer  of  such  army,  whose  name  shall  be  returned  to 
the  Commander  in  Chief  for  his  approbation. 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT.  65 

That  the  deputy  adjutants-general  shall  each  receive  75  dollars  per 
month  pay,  two  rations  per  day,  and  12f  dollars  per  month  subsistence, 
forage  for  three  riding  horses,  one  four-horse  and  one  two-horse  cov- 
ered wagons,  for  the  transportation  of  their  official  papers,  their  own 
and  assistants'  baggage. 

The  deputy  adjutants-general  shall  each  appoint  one  assistant  of  the 
rank  of  major  or  captain,  who  shall  be  approved  of  by  the  command- 
ing officer  under  whom  they  serve.  The  assistants  appointed  and 
approved  as  aforesaid  shall  each  receive  the  same  pay  and  allowances 
as  are  given  above  to  an  assistant  of  the  Adjutant-General. 

That  there  be  one  major  of  brigade  to  each  brigade  in  the  armies  of 
the  United  States,  whether  of  cavalry,  artillery,  or  infantry,  who  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a 
separate  arnry  as  occasion  may  require,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Adjutant-General  or  deputy  adjutant-general,  as  the  oase  may  be, 
and  thev  shall  each  receive  the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  is  given  to 
the  assistants  of  the  Adjutant -General  by  the  foregoing  resolutions. 

That  the  provisions  nereby  made  for  the  respective  officers  afore- 
said shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  their  services,  and  of  all  pay  and 
allowances  to  which  the3r  may  be  entitled  from  their  rank  in  the  Army. 

These  regulations  shall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  January  next, 
and  from  thenceforth  that  all  acts,  resolutions,  pay,  and  appointments 
heretofore  made  in  anywise  respecting  the  Department  of  Adjutant- 
General  and  brigade  majors  shall  cease,  and  are  hereby  repealed. 

August  27,  1782. — "The  Adjutant-General,  having  agreed  to  spare  Capt.  Carlisle,  of 
Hazen's  Regt.,  one  of  his  assistants,  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major  to  the  corps  of 
light  infantry,  he  will  immediately  enter  on  that  service."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Newburgh. ) 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of 
wagons  and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers:     . 

*  *  * 

Adjutant  General,  two  covered  four-horse  wagons;  for  the  baggage 
of  his  assistant,  clerks,  and  official  papers,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

*  *  * 

That  there  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

*  *  * 

Adjutant-General 4  rations. 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 3      do. 

Each  assistant 2      do. 

*  *  * 

November  22,  1782. — "Capt.  Jeremiah  Fogg,  of  the  2nd  New  Hampshire  Regt.,  is 
appointed  brigade  major  of  the  New  Hampsnire  Brigade  from  the  11th  instant,  vice 
(apt.  Robinson."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

December  31,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier-General  Hand  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  con- 
tinued in  the  office  of  Adjutant-General. 

Junuanf  9,  1783. — "Captain  Richard  Cox,  of  the  1st  Jersey  Regiment,  is  continued 
in  the  office  of  major  of  Brigade  to  the  Jersey  Brigade; 

"Captain  Benjamin  Hicks,  of  the  1st  New  York  Regiment,  to  the  New  York 
Brigade; 

S.  Doc.  229 5 


66       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY.  ' 

"Captain  Nathaniel  Cushing,  of  the  1st  Massachusetts  Regiment,  to  the  1st 
Massachusetts  Brigade; 

"Captain  Abraham  Williams,  of  the  2d  Massachusetts  Regiment,  to  the  2d  Massa- 
chusetts Brigade; 

"Captain  J.  K.  Smith,  of  the  6th  Massachusetts  Regiment,  to  the  3d  Massachusetts 
Brigade,  and 

"Captain  Jeremiah  Fogg,  of  the  2d  New  Hampshire  Regiment,  to  the  (New) 
Hampshire  Brigade."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

January  12,  1783. — "Captain  J,  Walker,  of  the  3rd  Connecticut  Regt.,  is  continued 
in  the  office  of  major  of  brigade  to  the  Connecticut  Brigade."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

January  14,  1783. — "Captain  John  Carlisle,  of  General  Hazen's  Regt.,  is  appointee! 
asst.  adjutant-general,  to  take  place  with  the  new  arrangement."  {Orders,  General 
Headquartei-s,  Newburgh. ) 

March  1,  1783. — "Captain  Aaron  Ogden  is  appointed  major  of  brigade  to  the  Jer- 
sey Brigade,  vice  Cox  promoted  January  6th,  1783.  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Newburgh. ) 

April  8,  1783. — "Captain  Simeon  Lord  (late  of  the  20ih  Massachusetts  Regiment) 
is  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  *  *  *  his  appointment  to  have  effect 
from  the  first  day  of  February  last."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

October  31,  1783. — Secretary  of  War  reported  that  the  following  accepted  the  com- 
mutation of  five  years'  pay  in  lieu  of  half  pay  for  life:  Adjutant-General  and  family, 
Brigadier-General  Clinton. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1791  {1  Stats.,  <m). 

AN  ACT  for  raising  and  adding  another  regiment  to  the  military  establishment  of 
the  United  Slates  and  for  making  further  provision  for  the  protection  of  the  fron- 
tiers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  in  case  the  President  of  the  United  States  should  deem 
the  employment  of  a  .  .  .  brigadier-general  .  .  .  essential 
to  the  public  interest,  ...  a  brigadier-general  so  appointed  may 
choose  his  brigade  major  from  the  captains  or  subalterns  of  the 
line.     .     .     . 

Sec.  6.  That  in  case  a  .  .  .  brigade  major  .  .  .  should  be 
appointed,  their  pay  and  allowances  shall  be,  respectively,  as  herein 
mentioned:  .  .  .  That  the  brigade  major  be  entitled,  including 
all  allowances,  to  the  same  pay,  rations,  and  forage  as  a  major  of  a 
regiment.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  5,  1792  (1  Stats.,  &£/). 

AN  ACT  for  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision  .for  the  protection  of  the 
frontiers  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  7.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  commissioned  officers  .  .  . 
on  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States  .  .  .  shall  be,  in 
future,  as  follows,  free  of  all  deductions,  to  wit:  General  staff:  .  .  . 
Adjutant,  to  do  also  duty  of  inspector,  seventy-five  dollars;  .  .  . 
brigade  major,  to  act  also  as  deputy  inspector,  in  addition  to  his  pay 
in  the  line,  twenty-four  dollars.     .     .     . 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  67 

Act  of  March  3,  1795  (1  Stat*.,  430). 

AN  ACT  for  continuing  and  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States  and  for  repealing  sundry  acts  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  ...  on  the  mili- 
tary establishment  of  the  United  States  be  as  follows,  to  wit:  General 
staff:  .  .  .  Adjutant-General,  to  do  also  the  duty  of  inspector, 
seventy-five  dollars;  .  .  .  brigade  major  to  act  also  as  deputy 
inspector,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  twentjT-four  dollars. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provision,  to  wit:  ...  A  lieutenant-colonel  commandant, 
.  .  .  six  rations;  .  .  .  brigade  major,  .  .  .  four  rations, 
.  .  .  or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  said  officers,  at 
the  contract  price,  at  the  posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations  shall 
become  due. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  officers   hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever 

forage  shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the 

following-enumerated  sums,  per  month,  instead  thereof,  to  wit:    ... 

Adjutant-General,     .     .     .     twelve  dollars;     .     .     .     brigade  major, 

.     .     ten  dollars.     .     .     . 


Act  of  May  30,  1796  (1  Stats.,  1,83). 
AN  ACT  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.    That  there  shall  be     .  one  brigadier-general,  who 

may  choose  his  brigade  major  from  the  captains  or  subalterns  of  the 
line;  which  brigade  major  shall  receive  the  monthly  pay  of  twenty-four 
dollars  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  be  entitled  to  four  rations 
of  provisions  for  his  daily  subsistence,  and  whenever  forage  shall  not 
be  furnished  by  the  public  to  ten  dollars  per  month  in  lieu  thereof; 
.     .     .     one  inspector,1  who  shall  do  the  duty  of  Adjutant-General, 


Sec.  23.  That  the  general  staff,  as  authorized  by  this  act,  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  until  the  fourth  day  of  next  March,  and  no  longer. 

Act  of  March  3,  1797  (1  Stats.,  507). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act  intituled  "An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix 
the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States." 


Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  one  brigadier- general,  who  may  choose 
his  brigade  major     .     .     .     from  the  captains  and  subalterns  in  the 

•The  Inspector-General  acting  as  Adjutant-General  is  entitled  tender  this  act  to 
$25  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  six  rations  per  day,  and  $12  per  month  for 
forage. 


68       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

line  (to     .  whom  there  shall  be  allowed  the  monthly  pay  of 

twenty -five  dollars  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line  and  two  rations 
extraordinary  per  da}\  and  whenever  forage  shall  not  be  furnished 
by  the  public  to  ten  dollars  per  month  in  lieu  thereof).     .     .     . 


Act  of  May  22,  1798  (1  Stats.,  557). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  intituled  "An  act  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act 
entitled  'An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States.'  " 

Sec.  1.  That  the  brigadier-general  who  is  now,  or  may  hereafter 
be,  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  authorized 
to  choose  his  brigade  major  .  .  .  from  the  commissioned  officers 
in  the  line  of  the  Army;  and  that  so  much  of  the  second  section  of  the 
act  intituled  "An  act  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act  entitled  'An 
act  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States ' " 
as  confines  the  choice  of  brigade  major  ...  to  the  captains  and 
subalterns  of  the  line  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 


Act  of  May  28,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558). 
AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 


Sec.  6.  That  whenever  the  President  shall  deem  it  expedient  he  is 
hereby  empowered,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
to  appoint  ...  an  Adjutant-General,  who  shall  have  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general;  .  .  .  and  the  President  is 
hereby  authorized  alone  to  appoint  from  time  to  time,  when  he  shall 
judge  proper,  assistant  inspectors  to  every  separate  portion  of  the 
Army,  consisting  of  one  or  more  divisions,  who  shall  be  deputy 
adjutant-generals  thereof,  respectively,  and  who  shall  be  taken  from 
the  line  of  the  Army,  and  allowed  in  addition  to  their  pay  eight  dollars 
per  month;     .     .     . 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  Provided,  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge 
it  expedient  to  appoint  ...  an  Adjutant-General  ...  in 
the  recess  of  the  Senate,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  .  .  . 
said  appointments  and  grant  commissions  thereon  which  shall  expire 
at  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  Senate  thereafter. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  .  .  .  Adjutant-General  .  .  .  who  may  be 
appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act  shall  .  .  .  continue  in  commission 
during  such  term  only  as  the  President  shall  judge  requisite  for  the 
public  service.     .     .     . 

Sec.  10.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  shall  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  pay  or  emoluments  until 
he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time  than  he 
shall  continue  therein.     .     .     . 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  69 

Act  of  July  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  604). 
AN  ACT  to  augment  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 


■ 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be     .  one  Adjutant-General,  with 

one  or  more  assistant  or  assistants  (to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the 
Army),     ... 

Sec.  4.  .  .  .  The  Adjutant-General  shall  be  entitled  to  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  71$). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  when  any  officer  shall  be  detached  from  a  regiment  to 
serve  .  .  .  as  an  assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General,  by  whatsoever 
name,  the  place  of  such  officer  in  his  regiment  shall  be  supplied  by 
promotion  or  new  appointment,  or  both,  as  may  be  requisite;  but  the 
officer  detached  shall,  nevertheless,  retain  his  station  in  his  regiment, 
and  shall  rank  and  rise  therein  in  the  same  manner  as  if  he  had  not 
been  detached. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  officer  shall  be  appointed  .  .  .  as  an  assistant 
to  the  Adjutant-General  who  when  appointed  shall  be  of  a  rank  higher 
than  that  of  captain. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  shall  be  ex  officio 
assistant  inspector-general,  and  that  every  deputy  inspector-general 
shall  be  ex  officio  deputy  adjutant-general,  and  snail  perform  the  duties 
of  adjutant-general  in  the  army  to  which  he  shall  be  annexed. 


Act  of  April  22,  1800  (2  Stats.,  38). 

AN  ACT  to  fix  the  compensation  of  the  Paymaster-General  and  assistant  to  the 

Adjutant-General. 

*  *  *  « 

Sec.  2.  That  the  pay  of  the  assistant  of  the  Adjutant-General,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments  in  the  line  of  the  Army, 
shall  be  forty  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation 
for  his  extra  services  and  travelling  expenses,  to  be  computed  from 
the  time  of  his  entering  upon  actual  service. 

Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  to  fix  the  military  j>eace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  adjutant  and  inspector  of 
the  Army,1  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  field  officers.     .     .     . 

1  Under  this  act  the  offices  of  Adjutant-General  and  Inspector-General  were  united. 


70       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  ...  To  the  adjutant  and  inspector  of  the  Avmy,  thirty- 
eight  dollars  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line.     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations  of 
provisions:  A  colonel,  six  rations;  a  lieutenant-colonel,  five  rations; 
a  major,  four  rations,  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof  at  the  option 
of  the  said  officers  ...  at  the  posts  respectively  when  the  rations 
shall  become  due;  and  if  at  such  posts  supplies  are  not  furnished  by 
contract,  then  such  allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having 
reference  to  former  contracts  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  ques- 
tion; .  .  .  and  to  every  commissioned  officer  who  shall  keep  one 
servant,  not  a  soldier  of  the  line,  one  additional  ration. 


Act  of  April  1<2,  1808  {2  Stats.,  1,81). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  all  or  any  of  the  officers,  other 
than  the  general  officers,  proper  to  be  appointed  under  this  act,  which 
appointments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Senate,  at  the  next  session,  for 
their  advice  and  consent. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  .  .  .  staff  officer  to  be  appointed  in  virtue 
of  this  act  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  some  one  of  the 
Territories  thereof. 

Act  of  January  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 

•  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  appointed  .  .  .  five  brigadier-gen- 
erals, each  of  whom  shall  be  allowed  a  brigade  major,  .  .  .  to  be 
taken  from  the  captains  and  subalterns  of  the  line;  and  there  shall 
also  be  appointed  one  Adjutant-General,  .  .  .  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general.  The  said  Adjutant-General 
shall  be  allowed  one  or  more  assistants,  not  exceeding  three,  to  be 
taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  with  the  same  pay  and  emoluments 
as  by  this  act  are  allowed  to  a  lieutenant-colonel. 

Sec.  5.  That  when  an  officer  is  detached  to  serve  ...  as  an 
assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General  ...  on  the  appointment  of  a 
general  officer     ...     he  shall  not  thereby  lose  his  rank. 

Sec.  6.  .  .  .  The  brigadier-generals,  respectively,  shall  be 
entitled  to  one  hundred  and  four  dollars  monthly  pay,  twelve  rations 
per  day,  and  sixteen  dollars  per  month  for  forage  when  not  found  by 
the  public. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  may  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  any  pay  or  emoluments 
until  he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time 
than  he  shall  continue  therein. 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  71 

Act  of  May  16,  1812  (2  Stats.,  735). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  each  brigade  major  provided  b\r  law  shall  be  allowed 
twenty-four  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  782). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  pay  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  ...  to  the  brigade  majors,  under  the  act  passed  January 
the  eleventh,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve,  there  shall  be 
allowed  for  forage  for  one  horse,  or  in  lieu  thereof  ten  dollars  per 
month.     .     .     . 

Act  of  July  6,  1812  {2  Stats.,  78/+). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

[Authorizes  the  President  to  appoint  two  additional  brigadier-gen- 
erals] who  shall  each  be  entitled  to  the  same  number  of  .  .  .  brigade 
majors  as  are  allowed  to  a  brigadier-general  under  the  act  of  Congress 
passed  the  eleventh  of  January,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twelve.  And  the  said  .  .  .  brigade  majors  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are  by  law  allowed  to  officers 
of  the  same  grade. 

Sec.  2.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  States,  other  than  that  in 
which  the  Adjutant-General  .  .  .  shall  serve,  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
tho  President  to  appoint  one  deputy  adjutant-general,  .  .  .  who 
shall  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  who  shall  each,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments,  be  entitled  to  fifty  dollars  per 
month,  which  shall  be  in  ull  compensation  for  his  extra  services.  And 
that  there  shall  be  to  each  of  the  foregoing  deputies  such  number  of 
assistant  deputies  (not  exceeding  three  to  each  department)  as  the  pub- 
lic service  may  require,  who  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  taken  from  the 
line,  and  who  shall  each  be  entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per  month,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments,  which  shall  be  in  full  com- 

Sensation  for  his  extra  services:  And  provided  oho,  That  the  Presi- 
ent  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint 
any  of  the  officers  named  in  this  act  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  to 
be  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  their  next  meeting,  for  their  advice  and 
consent. 

Sec.  3.  That  all  letters  and  packages  to  and  from  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral    .     .     .     shall  be  free  from  postage. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  February  24,  1813  (2  Stats.,  801). 
AN  ACT  making  provision  for  an  additional  Dumber  of  general  officers. 

That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint 
.  .  .  six  brigadier-generals,  who  shall  be  allowed  a  brigade  major 
.     .     .     ,  to  be  taken  also  from  the  officers  of  the  line. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  officers  authorized  by  this  act  shall   receive  the 

sa pay.  forage,  rations,  and  other  emoluments  as  the  officers  of  the 

same  grade  of  the  present  military  establishment. 


72       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Arrnv  of  the  United 

States. 

That  the  Adjutant-General's  .  .  .  departments  shall  consist  of 
the  following  officers:  That  is  to  sa}r,  an  Adjutant  and  Inspector  Gen- 
eral, with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general,  and 
not  exceeding  eight  adjutants-general,  sixteen  assistant  adjutants- 
general,     .     .     . 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby, 
authorized,  if  he  shall  deem  it  expedient,  to  assign  one  of  the  briga- 
diers-general to  the  principal  Army  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  in 
such  case  act  as  Adjutant  and  Inspector  General  and  as  chief  of  the 
staff  of  such  Army.     .     .     . 

Sec.  3.  That  all  the  other  adjutants-general  shall  have  the  brevet 
rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry. 
The  assistant  adjutants-general     .     .     .     shall  have  the  brevet  rank 
and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major  of  cavalry.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  assistant  adjutants-general  .  .  .  shall  be  taken 
from  line.  The  adjutants-general  .  .  .  may  be  taken  from  the 
line  or  not,  as  the  President  may  deem  expedient.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  adjutant  and 
inspector  general,  adjutants-general,  .  .  .  which  relate  to  their 
official  duties,  shall  be  free  from  postage. 

May  17,  1815.  .  .  .  And  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  further  judged 
proper,  that,  in  addition  to  the  provision  for  a  general  staff,  which  is  specifically 
made  by  the  act  of  Congress,  certain  officers  shall  be  retained,  under  the  special 
authority  given  by  the  act,  until  circumstances  will  permit  of  their  discharge,  with- 
out material  injury  to  the  service;  and  that  the  following  shall  be  the 

GENERAL   STAFF. 

*  *  * 

One  adjutant  and  inspector  general  and  two  adjutant-generals,  to  be  provisionally 

retained. 

*  *  * 

(General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office.) 

Act  of  April  24,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff,  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  United  States. 

That  in  addition  to  the  act  providing  for  a  military  peace  establish- 
ment, the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  the  third,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirteen,  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff, 
be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  so  far  as  established,  that  the  general 
staff  shall  in  future  consist  of  one  adjutant  and  inspector  general  of 
the  Army  and  one  adjutant-general. 


Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  there  shall  be  one  major-general,  with  two  aids  de-camp, 
two  brigadier-generals,  each  with  one  aid-de-camp;  and  that  the  aids- 


THE  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT  73 

de-camp  be  taken  from  the  subalterns  of  the  line,  and,  in  addition  to 
their  other  duties,  shall  perform  the  duties  of  assistant  adjutant- 
general. 

Sec.  6.  That  there  shall  be  one  adjutant-general,    .     .     .     with  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry. 


Act  of  March  2,  1827  (4.  Stats.,  238). 

AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  act  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  .  .  .  the  Adjutant-General,  ...  be  author- 
ized to  frank,  and  to  receive  letters  and  packets  by  post  free  of  post- 
age.    .     .     . 


Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

A  N  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  so  many  assistant  adjutants-general,  not 
exceeding  two,  with  the  brevet  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major, 
and  not  exceeding  four,  with  the  brevet  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
a  captain  of  cavalry,  as  he  may  deem  necessary ;  and  that  they  shall 
be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  in  addition  to  their  own,  per- 
form the  duties  of  assistant  inspectors-general  when  the  circumstances 
of  the  service  may  require. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  officers  to  be  taken  from  the  line  and  transferred 
to  the  staff,  under  the  last  preceding  section,  shall  receive  only  the  pay 
and  emoluments  attached  to  their  rank  in  the  staff,  but  their  transfer 
shall  be  without  prejudice  to  their  rank  and  promotion  in  the  line, 
according  to  their  said  rank  and  seniority;  which  promotion  shall  take 
place  according  to  usage,  and  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they  had  not 
tli us  been  transferred. 


Act  of  March  3,  1839  (5  Stats.,  352). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  pay  and  emoluments  of 
brevet  officers,"  passed  April  16,  1818. 

That  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act  the  act  entitled  "An 
net  regulating  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  brevet  officers,"  approved 
April  sixteenth,  eignteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  be,  and  the  same  shall 
be,  BO  construed  as  to  include  the  case  of  the  Adjutant-General  of  the 
United  States. 

Act  of  June  18,  181$  (9  Stats.,  17). 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,."  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized  to  appoint  as  many  additional  assistant  adjutant-generals, 


74       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

not  exceeding  four,  as  the  service  may  require,  who  shall  be  appointed, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  in  the  same  manner, 
have  the  same  brevet  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments,  and  be  charged  with 
the  same  duties,  as  those  now  authorized  by  law:  Provided,  That  these 
additional  appointments  shall  continue  only  so  long  as  the  exigencies 
of  the  service  may  render  necessaiy. 

Act  of  March  3,  18Jfl  {9  Stats.,  184). 

AN  ACT  making  provision  for  an  additional  number  of  general  offices,  and  for  other 

purposes. 


Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 
ment one  assistantadjutant-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  arid  emoluments 
of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalrj7,  and  two  assistant  adjutants-general, 
with  the  brevet  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of  cavalry,  to 
be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  in  the  same  manner  and  be  charged  with  the  same  duties 
as  those  authorized  b}r  existing  laws. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  the  provisions  of  the  sixth  section  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  act  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,"  etc.,  approved 
August  twenty-third,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-two, 
which  allow  additional  rations  to  certain  officers  of  the  Army,  be,  and 
the  same  are  hereby,  so  extended  as  to  embrace  the  .  .  .  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Army  from  the  date  of  the  act. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  22.  That  all  the  officers  appointed  .  .  .  under  this  act 
shall  be  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico.     .     .     . 


Act  of  My  19,  1848  (9  Stats.,  &£7). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  'An  act 
providing  for  the  prosecution  of  the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Republic  of  Mexico,'  "  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  .  .  .  the  act  of  the  third  of  March, 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty -seven,  as  requires  the  discharge  at  the 
close  of  the  war  with  Mexico  of  an  assistant  adjutant-general,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  etc.,  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry,  and  two  assist- 
ant adjutants-general,  with  the  brevet  rank,  pay,  etc.,  of  a  captain  of 
cavalry,  as  authorized  by  the  second  section  of  the  said  act  of  the 
third  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-seven,  .  .  .  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided,  That  no  vacancy  happening 
under  the  provisions  so  repealed  shall  be  tilled  up  until  further  author  • 
ized  by  law.     .     .     . 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  75 

Act  of  March  2,  181,9  (9  Stats,  351). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  an  increase  of  the  medical  staff,  and  for  an  additional  number 
of  chaplains  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  4.  .  .  .  that  so  much  of  the  proviso  to  the  third  section  of 
the  act  approved  July  nineteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-eight, 
as  relates  to  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 


Act  of  March  3, 1851  (9  Stats.,  595). 

AN  ACT  to  found  a  military  asylum  for  the  relief  and  support  of  invalid  and  disabled 
soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  2.  That  .  .  .  the  Adjutant-General  shall  be,  ex  officio, 
commissioners  of  the  same.     .     .     . 

August  31,  1852  (10-105).  Sec.  15.  Adjutant-General  Roger  Jones  to  be  allowed 
the  pay,  etc.,  of  his  commission  as  Adjutant-General  from  the  date  of  the  reduction 
of  the  Army  in  1821,  until  March  7,  1825,  when  he  was  restored  to  his  rank  in  the 
staff. 

Act  of  July  22,  1861  (12  Stats.,  268). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  employment  of  volunteers  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  laws 
and  protecting  public  property. 


Sec.  3.  .  .  .  each  division  shall  have  .  .  .  one  assistant 
adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of  major.  Each  brigade  .  .  .  shall  have 
.     .     .    one  assistant  adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of  captain.     .     .    . 


Act  of  August  3,  1861  {12  Stats.,  287). 
AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 


Sec.  2.  .  .  .  That  hereafter  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 
shall  consist  of  the  following  officers,  namely:  One  adjutant-general, 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general;  one  assistant 
adjutant-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel 
of  cavalry;  two  assistant  adjutant-generals,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  each  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry;  four  assistant 
adjutant-generals,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  each  of  a  major 
of  cavalry;  and  twelve  assistant  adjutant-generals,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
itiid  emoluments  each  of  a  captain  oi  cavalry;  .  .  .  and  to  be  taken 
from  the  line  of  the  Army,  either  ot  the  volunteers  or  Regular  Army. 


76       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  594). 

AN  ACT  to  define  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  22.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 
ment by  regular  promotion  of  its  present  officers,  one  colonel,  two 
lieutenant-colonels,  and  nine  majors;  and  that  the  grade  of  captain  in 
said  department  shall  thereafter  be  abolished,  and  all  vacancies  occur- 
ring in  the  grade  of  major  shall  be  filled  by  selections  from  among  the 
captains  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty-eight,  sev- 
enteen hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  act  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  each  army  corps  shall  have  .  .  .  one  assistant 
adjutant-general,  .  .  .  who  shall  bear  .  .  .  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  who  shall  be  assigned  from  the  Army  or  volunteer 
force  by  the  President.     .     .     . 


March  11,  1864  (13  Stats.,  20). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  ambulances  in  the  armies  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commander  of  the  army 
corps  to  transmit  to  the  Adjutant-General  the  names  and  rank  of  all 
officers  and  enlisted  men  detailed  for  service  in  the  ambulance  corps 
of  such  army  corps,  stating  the  organizations  from  which  they  may 
have  been  so  detailed;  and  if  such  officers  and  men  belong  to  volunteer 
organizations  the  Adjutant-General  shall  thereupon  notify  the  gov- 
ernors of  the  several  States  in  which  such  organizations  were  raised 
of  their  detail  for  such  service;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  com- 
mander of  the  army  corps  to  report  to  the  Adjutant-General  from 
time  to  time  the  conduct  and  behavior  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men 
of  the  ambulance  corps,  and  the  Adjutant-General  shall  forward  cop- 
ies of  such  reports,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  of 
volunteer  organizations,  to  the  governors  of  the  States  in  which  such 
organizations  were  raised. 


Act  of  July  28,  1866  (14  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  of  the  Army  shall 
hereafter  consist  of  the  officers  now  authorized  by  law,  viz:  One 
Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier- 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  77 

general;  two  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emol- 
uments of  colonels  of  cavalry;  four  assistant  adjutants-general,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry;  and 
thirteen  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  majors  of  cavalry. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.     That  the  adjutants-general     .     .     .     shall  hereafter  be  ap- 
pointed by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 
ment.    .     .     . 


Resolution,  of  April  10,  1869  (16  Stats.,  53).  ' 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  concerning  vacancies  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department. 

That  the  vacancies  existing  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 
at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act  approved  March  third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-nine,  "making  appropriations  for  the  support  of 
the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy,  and  for  other  purposes,"  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  exempted 
from  the  operation  of  said  act. 

June  10,  1872  (17-347).  The  unfinished  business  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freed- 
men,  etc.,  was  turned  over  to  the  Adjutant-General  July  1,  1872,  who  exercised  con- 
trol until  January  1,  1879,  when  the  Bureau  was  ordered  closed  and  all  papers  relating 
to  payment  of  bounties,  etc.,  to  be  turned  over  to  the  Paymaster-General.  It  was 
finally  closed  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Office  June  30,  1879. 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  578). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of 
the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy," 
approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine. 

That  the  sixth  section  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,"  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-nine,  is  so  far  modified  as  to  authorize  and  permit  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  nominate,  and,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  one  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major  in  the  said 
department. 

Act  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  4-78). 
AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter 
consist  of  one  Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 


78       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

of  a  brigadier-general;  two  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels;  four  assistant  adjutants-general, 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels;  and  ten 
assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
majors. 

Sec.  2.  That  so  much  of  section  six  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as 
applies  to  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  repealed. 

March  8,  1875  {18-515).  Maj.  N.  H.  McLean,  late  of  the  Army,  to  be  appointed  to 
first  vacancy  in  lowest  grade  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  or  be  reinstated 
and  retired  with  rank  to  which  he  would  have  attained  at  the  date  of  this  act. 
[Major  McLean  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant  adjutant-general 
March  18,  1875,  to  rank  from  March  3,  and  was  retired  March  18,  to  date  from 
March  3.] 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2ND  EDITION— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of 

*  *  * 

An  Adjutant-General's  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1128.  The  Adjutant-General's  Department  of  the  Army  shall 
consist  of  one  Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general; 
two  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry; 
four  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of 
cavalry;  and  thirteen  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank  of 
major  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1129.  All  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  major  in  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Department  shall,  when  filled,  be  filled  by  selection  from 
captains  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  1130.  Assistant  adjutants-general  shall,  in  addition  to  their  own 
duties,  perform  those  of  assistant  inspectors-general  when  the  con- 
venience of  the  service  requires  them  to  do  so. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  adjutants-general,  .  .  .  shall  be  appointed  by 
selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law,  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the  departments  of  Adjutant- 
General.     ... 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1647.  Each  division  [of  militia  called  into  service]  shall  have 
.     .     .     one  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  major.    Each 
brigade     .     .     .     shall  have     .     .     .     one  assistant  adjutant-general 
witn  the  rank  of  captain,     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4815.  The  .  .  .  Adjutant-General  shall  constitute  a  board 
of  commissioners  for  the  Soldiers'  Home. 

June  20,  1878  (20-206).  Expenses  of  collection  and  disbursement  of  bounty,  etc.,  to 
colored  soldiers,  to  be  disbursed  under  direction  of  the  Adjutant-General. 


THE   ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  79 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  56 '4). 

AN  ACT  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home,  located  at  Washington,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  tho  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
shall  hereafter  consist  of     .     .     .     the  Adjutant-General,     .     .     . 

»  #  * 

Act  ofFel/ruary  28,  1887  (2J+  Stats.,  P %). 

A  \  ACT  to  effect  a  rearrangement  of  grades  of  office  in  the  Adjutant-General's  De- 
partment of  the  Army. 

That  tho  Adjutant- General's  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist 
of  one  Adjutant- General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  brig- 
adier-general; four  assistant  adjutants-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  colonel;  six  assistant  adjuntants-general,  with  the  rank, 
pa}T,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonel;  and  six  assistant  adjutants- 
general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  major:  Provided,  That 
the  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  colonel  and  lieutenant-colonel  created  by 
this  act  shall  be  filled  by  the  promotion  by  seniority  of  the  officers 
now  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department. 

Act  of  August  6,  1891,.  (28  Stats.,  233). 

AX  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

FOR   PAY   OF   THE    GENERAL    STAFF. 

Adjutant-General's  Department:  .  .  .  J^avtded.  That  there  shall 
be  no  appointment  of  assistant  adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of  major 
until  the  number  of  such  officers  in  that  grade  shall  be  reduced  below 
four  and  thereafter  the  number  of  such  officers  in  that  grade  shall  be 
fixed  at  four,  and  hereafter  all  appointments  to  fill  vacancies  in  the 
lowest  grade  in  the  Adjutant-General's,  .  .  .  Department,  respec- 
tively, shall  be  made  from  the  next  lowest  grade  in  the  line  of  the  Army. 


Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  ol  the 

United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall  con- 
sist of  one  assistant  adjutant-general,  .  .  .  who  shall  have,  .  .  . 
the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel;  one  assistant  adjutant-general,  who  shall 
have  the  rank  of  captain.  .  .  .  The  stuff  of  the  commander  of  a 
division  shall  consist  of  one  assistant  adjutant-general,  .  .  .  who 
shall  have,  .  .  .  the  rank  of  major.  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  com- 
mander of  a  brigade  shall  consist  of  one  assistant  adjutant-general, 
.     .•    .     with  the  lank  of  captain. 


80       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  May  18,  1898  (30  Stats.,  419). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  increased  volume  of  work  in  the  Adjutant-General's 
Department  of  the  Army,  due  to  the  calling  out  of  volunteers  and  the  increase  of 
the  Regular  Army. 

That  the  President  is  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  one  assistant  adjutant-general  with  the  rank 
of  colonel,  and  one  assistant  adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of  major: 
Provided,  That  the  vacancy  created  in  the  grade  of  colonel  by  this  act 
shall  be  filled  by  the  promotion  of  officers  now  in  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's Department  according  to  seniority,  and  that  upon  the  mustering 
out  of  the  volunteer  forces  and  the  reduction  of  the  Regular  Army  to 
a  peace  basis  no  appointments  shall  be  made  in  the  Adjutant-General's 
Department  until  the  number  of  officers  in  each  grade  in  that  depart- 
ment shall  be  reduced  to  the  number  authorized  by  the  law  in  force 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act. 

J.  R.,  June  29,  1898  (30-749).  Prohibition  of  purchase  of  books  and  periodicals  by 
act  of  March  15,  1898,  and  limitation,  in  section  1179,  Revised  Statutes,  of  amount  to 
be  expended  not  to  apply  to  the  Military  Information  Division  of  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Office. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  :<tats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of  ...  an  Adjutant-General's 
Department,     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  Adjutant-General's  .  .  .  Department  shall 
consist  of  the  number  of  officers  now  in  those  departments,  respec- 
tively: Provided,  That  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  major  occurring  in 
either  department  shall  hereafter  be  filled  from  captains  in  the  line  of 
the  Army:  And  provided  further,  That  all  such  captains  who  have 
evinced  marked  aptitude  in  the  command  of  troops  shall  be  reported 
by  their  regimental  commanders  to  the  War  Department  and  shall  be 
entitled  to  compete  for  any  such  vacancy  under  such  system  of  exam- 
ination as  the  President  shall  prescribe. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  or  to  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Sen- 
ate, officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

Three  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  six  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  major. 


Act  of  June  6,  1900  (31  Stats.,  —). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Military  Academy  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  shall  have  the  rank, 
pay,  and  allowances  of  a  major-general  in  the  Army  of  the  United 


THE    ADJUTANT-GENERAL^    DEPARTMENT.  81 

States,  and  on  his  retirement  shall  receive  the  retired  pay  of  that  rank: 
Provided^  That  whenever  a  vacancy  shall  occur  in  the  office  of  Adju- 
tant-General on  the  expiration  of  the  service  of  the  present  incumbent 
the  Adjutant-General  shall  thereafter  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  allow- 
ances of  a  brigadier-general. 


Act  of  February  2, 1901  {31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  .  .  shall  consist  of  .  .an  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 
ment,    . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  shall  consist  of 
one  Adjutant-General  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  and  when  a 
vacancy  shall  occur  in  the  office  of  Adjutant-General  on  the  expira- 
tion of  the  service  of  the  present  incumbent,  by  retirement  or  other- 
wise, the  Adjutant-General  shall  thereafter  have  the  rank  and  pay  of 
a  brigadier-general,  five  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  seven  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  fifteen  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  major: 
Provided,  That  all  vacancies  created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall,  as 
far  as  possible,  be  filled  by  promotion  according  to  seniority  of  officers 
of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  permanent 
appointments  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  .  .  .  includ- 
ing those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  captain  and 
first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seventeen, 
twenty-one,  and  twenty-four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted  accord- 
ing to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law,  and 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  vacancies  which 
can  be  filled  b}^  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which  the 
officers  so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any 
vacancy,  except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall 
occur,  which  can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section, 
it  ehall  be  filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more  per- 
manent appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps 
after  the  original  vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled. 
Such  details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies  exist, 
under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  may  from  time  to 
time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 
for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 

corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 

and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 

large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 

S.  Doc.  229 6 


82       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

for  terms  of  four  jTears.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


Act  of  March  0,  1901  {31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

*  *  * 

Provided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  in  the  lowest 
grade  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  .  .  .  may  be  made 
from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April  twenty-first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -eight.     .     .     . 


III.— THE  INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


83 


THE  INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


The  Inspector-General's  Department  was  first  established  under  the 
act  of  March  3,  1813,  with  an  organization  of  eight  inspectors-general 
and  sixteen  adjutants-general. 

The  office  of  Inspector-General  dates  from  December  13,  1777, 
although  Lieutenant-Colonel  de  la  Balme,  a  French  officer  of  cavalry, 
was  appointed  by  Congress  July  8,  1777,  Inspector-General  of  Cav- 
alry; and  on  August  11  Monsieur  du  Coudray,  a  French  artillery 
officer,  was  appointed  Inspector-General  of  Ordnance  and  Military 
Manufactures.  The  Continental  Congress  resolved  that  two  inspectors- 
general  be  appointed,  and  Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  Conway  was  elected^ 
but  the  other  was  not  chosen.  Fortunately,  for  the  discipline  of  the 
Army  and  the  conduct  of  military  operations,  the  proposed  plan  of 
administering  the  inspectorship  was  not  carried  out,  for  its  effect 
would  have  placed  the  Inspector-General  in  direct  communication  with 
Congress  and  the  board  of  war.  Although  General  Washington  did 
not  employ  Conway  as  Inspector-General,  he  still  gave  heed  to  the 
duties  of  an  office  which  ever  held  a  high  place  in  his  mind,  as  on  his 
commendation  Congress  appointed  Baron  Steuben  with  the  rank  of 
major-general.  That  the  services  of  Baron  Steuben  had  proved  of 
immense  value  to  the  Army  was  evidenced  by  the  letter  addressed  him 
by  General  Washington  on  the  day  (December  23,  1783)  he  resigned 
his  commission  and  retired  to  private  life: 

.  .  .  "I  wish  to  make  use  of  this  last  moment  of  my  public  life  to  signify  in 
the  strongest  terms  my  entire  approbation  of  your  conduct,  and  to  express  my  sense 
of  the  obligation  the  public  is  under  to  you,  for  your  faithful  and  meritorious  services. 

July     8, 1777. — Col.  Mottin  de  la  Balme  (Inspector-General  of  Cavalry). 

Aug.  11, 1777. — Mons.  du  Coudray  (Inspector-General  of  Ordnance  and  Military 
Stores). 

Dec.   13, 1777.—  Maj.  Gen.  Thomas  Conway,  Inspector-General. 

May     5, 1778. — Major-General  Baron  Steuben,  Inspector-General. 

Apr.  17, 1784. — Maj.  William  North,1  Inspector. 

July    3, 1788. — Mr.  John  Stagg,  Inspector. 

— ,  1788. — Lieut.  Col.  Francis  Mentges,  Inspector. 

Mar.  10, 1792. — Lieut.  Henry  de  Butts,  Fourth  Infantry  (Maryland),  Acting  Adjutant 
and  Inspector-General. 

A  pr.    11,1 792. — Lieut.  Col.  Winthorp  Sargent,2  Militia  (Massachusetts). 

Feb.  23,  17i).'5.  -Maj.  Michael  Rudolph,  Light  Dragoons  (Georgia),  Adjutant  and 
Inspector-General. 

July  18, 1793. — Sublegionary  Inspector  Edward  Butler  (Pennsylvania),  Deputy  Adju- 
tant and  Inspector-General. 

May  13, 1794. — Maj.  John  Mills,  Second  Sublegion  (Massachusetts),  Acting  Adjutant- 
General  and  Inspector. 

'On  the  general  disbandment  of  the  Continental  Army,  Captain  North,  who  had 
l>een  designated  as  inspector  to  the  troops  remaining  in  service,  acted  as  Adjutant 
and  Inspector  to  October  28,  1787. 

'Colonel  Sargent  declined  the  appointment,  assigning  as  a  reason  that  the  office 
was  not  attended  with  sufficient  rank. 

85 


86       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Feb.  27,1796. — Maj.  Jonathan  Haskell,  Fourth  Sublegion  (Massachusetts),  Acting 
Adjutant-General  and  Inspector. 

Aug.  1, 1796. — Capt.  Edward  Butler,  Fourth  Sublegion  (Pennsylvania),  Acting  Adju- 
tant-General and  Inspector. 

Feb.  27, 1797. — Maj.  Thomas  H.  Cushing, '  First  Infantry  (Massachusetts),  Inspector 
and  Adjutant-General. 

July  18, 1798. — Maj.  Gen.  Alexander  Hamilton  (New  York),  Inspector-General. 

Mar.  26,1802. — Maj.  Thomas  H.  Cushing,2  First  Infantry  (Massachusetts),  Adjutant 
and  Inspector. 

Apr.     2, 1807.— Maj.  Abimael  Y.  Nicoll,  of  the  Artillerists  (New  York). 

July     6, 1812.— Col.  Alexander  Smyth,  Rifle  Regiment,  Inspector-General. 

Mar.  12, 1813. — Brig.  Gen.  Zebulon  M.  Pike3  (New  York),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

May  9, 1814. — Brig.  Gen.  William  H.  Winder  (Maryland),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

Nov.  22, 1814. — Brig.  Gen.  Daniel  Parker  (Massachusetts),  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General. 

Apr.  29, 1816.— Col.  John  E.  Wool  (New  York). 

Oct.      1, 1820. — Col.  James  Gadsden  (South  Carolina). 

Nov.  10, 1821.— CoLSamuel  B.  Archer  (Virginia). 

Dec.  21, 1825.— Col.  George  Croghan  (Kentucky). 

Jan.     8, 1849.— Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  Feb.  23,  1847)  Sylvester  Churchill  (Vermont). 

Aug.    9, 1861.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  Dec.  12, 1878)  Randolph  B.  Marcy  (Massachusetts) . 

Jan.     2, 1881.— Brig.  Gen.  Delos  B.  Sackett  (New  York). 

Mar.  11, 1885. — Brig.  Gen.  Nelson  H.  Davis  (Massachusetts). 

Sept.  20, 1885. — Brig.  Gen.  Absalom  Baird  (Pennsylvania). 

Aug.  20,1888. — Brig.  Gen.  Roger  Jones  ( District  of  Columbia) . 

Jan.   30,1889. — Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  C.  Breckinridge  (Kentucky). 

JThe  act  of  March  3,  1797,  permitted  the  Brigadier-General  (General  in  Chief)  to 
select  his  inspector  from  the  line  of  the  Army.  Major  Cushing,  not  having  relin- 
guished  his  rank  in  the  infantry  on  being  appointed  inspector,  was  selected  by  Gen- 
eral Wilkinson,  and  continued  to  perform  the  duties  of  Inspector  and  Adjutant  until 
May  22,  1798. 

2  The  act  of  May  14,  1800,  discontinued  the  office  of  Inspector-General,  and  the 
duties  of  Adjutant  and  Inspector  were  performed,  under  detail,  by  Major  Cushing 
(whonesided  in  Washington)  from  June  15,  1800,  to  April  2,  1807. 

"General  Pike  was  killed,  after  the  capture  of  York,  Upper  Canada,  by  the  explo- 
sion of  a  magazine,  April  27,  1813.  From  this  time  until  May  14,  1814,  the  office 
remained  vacant,  the  act  of  March  3,  1813,  having  been  construed  to  the  effect  that 
there  could  be  but  one  Adjutant  and  Inspector  General,  who  must  either  be  an  offi- 
cer appointed  and  confirmed  to  that  office  or  else  a  brigadier-general  especially 
designated  by  the  President  to  perform  the  functions.  The  affairs  of  the  office  were 
meanwhile  administered  bv  Maj.  C.  K.  Gardner,  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  until 
December  30,  1813,  and  from  that  date  to  May  28,  1814,  by  Col.  J.  De  B.  Walbach, 
who  was  relieved  at  that  date  by  Maj.  John  R.  Bell,  Assistant  Inspector. 


THE  INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS   OF   THE   AMERICAN    (CONTINENTAL)    CONGRESS. 

April  18,  1777. — In  the  absence  of  a  regular  inspector,  Congress  requested  General 
Armstrong  to  inspect  the  magazines  of  provisions  under  the  care  of  Commissary 
Wharton. 

July  8,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Lieutenant-Colonel  Mottin  de  la  Balme  be  appointed 
inspector-general  of  the  cavalry  of  the  United  States  of  America,  with 
the  tank  and  pay  of  colonel. 

That  Mons.  Vallenais  be  appointed  an  aid  to  Mons.  de  la  Balme, 
with  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  captain  of  cavalry. 

July  16,  1777. — Messrs.  Hey  ward,  J.  Adams,  and  Lovell  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  confer  with  Mr.  du  Coudray,  and  inform  him  that  while  Congress  can  not  com- 
ply with  the  agreement  he  has  entered  into  with  Mr.  Deane,  yet,  sensible  of  the 
services  he  has  rendered  the  United  States  and  having  a  favorable  opinion  of  his . 
merit  and  abilities,  they  will  cheerfully  give  him  such  rank  and  appointments  as 
shall  not  lje  inconsistent  with  the  honor  and  safety  of  the  States  or  interfere  with 
the  great  duties  they  owe  to  their  constituents. 

August  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  du  Coudray  be  appointed  inspector-general  of 
ordnance  and  military  manufactories,  with  the  rank  of  major-general. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  four  be  appointed  to  define  the  powers 
to  be  granted  to  and  exercised  by  Mons.  du  Coudray. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Duane,  Mr.  Heyward,  and 
Mr.  S.  Adams. 

October  11,  1777. — Colonel  de  la  Balme  resigned. 

December  13,  1777. 

Resolved,  As  the  opinion  of  this  Congress,  that  it  is  essential  to  the 
promotion  of  discipline  in  the  American  Army,  and  to  the  reformation 
of  the  various  abuses  which  prevail  in  the  different  departments,  that 
an  appointment  be  made  of  inspectors-general,  agreeable  to  the  practice 
of  the  best  disciplined  European  armies. 

Resolved,  That  this  appointment  be  conferred  on  experienced  and 
vigilant  general  officers,  who  are  acquainted  with  whatever  relates  to 
the  general  economy,  manceuvers,  and  discipline  of  a  well-regulated 
army. 

Resolved,  That  the  duties  of  these  officers  be  as  follows: 

To  review,  from  time  to  time,  the  troops,  and  to  see  that  every 
officer  and  soldier  be  instructed  in  the  exercise  :md  manoeuvers  which, 
may  be  established  by  the  board  of  war,  that  the  rules  of  discipline  be 
strictly  observed,  and  that  the  officers  command  their  Soldiers  properly 
and  do  them  justice. 


88       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  the  inspectors-general,  respectively,  shall  give  notice 
to  the  commanders  of  regiments  of  the  time  which  shall  be  fixed  on 
for  such  reviews,  who  are  to  prepare  the  following  returns,  models  of 
which  are  previously  to  be  furnished  by  the  inspector,  viz: 

A  return  of  clothing. 

A  return  of  arms  and  accoutrements. 

A  return  of  recruits,  with  an  account  of  the  money  laid  out  for  that 
purpose. 

A  return  of  the  number  and  names  of  the  wounded  men,  distinguish- 
ing such  as  are  fit  for  the  corps  of  invalids  and  such  as  are  totally  unfit 
for  service. 

A  return  of  the  loss  sustained  in  the  regiment  by  death,  desertion, 
or  otherwise. 

A  return  of  the  pay  and  rations  drawn  by  each  regiment. 

A  return  of  all  the  officers  of  each  regiment,  with  observations  upon 
the  behavior,  capacity,  and  assiduity  of  every  individual. 

All  the  returns,  when  signed  by  the  field  officers  of  each  regiment, 
are  to  be  carefully  scrutinized  by  the  Inspector-General,  who,  after 
having  made  and  added  his  remarks  upon  the  same,  is  to  sign  and 
transmit  them  to  Congress. 

Resolved,  That  the  inspectors-general  shall  make  these  reviews  in  the 
beginning  and  at  the  latter  end  of  every  campaign,  and  at  such  other 
times  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct,  or  as  they  themselves 
shall  severally  judge  proper,  or  shall  receive  orders  for  that  purpose 
from  the  board  of  war,  first  giving  notice  thereof  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief,  and  obtaining  his  leave  for  reviewing  the  said  troops. 

Resolved,  That  the  inspectors-general,  respectively,  shall  make  this 
review  minutely,  man  by  man,  attending  to  the  complaints  and  repre- 
sentations of  both  soldier  and  officer,  and  transmitting  to  Congress 
what  petitions  and  grievances  he  shall  think  worthy  of  notice;  that  not 
solely  depending  upon  the  accounts  and  characters  of  officers  as  given 
him  by  the  colonels  of  regiments,  the  inspectors-general  shall  examine 
the  said  officers  in  person,  direct  them  to  command  different  manoeu- 
vres, and  take  such  measures  as  shall  enable  him  to  give  an  exact 
account  to  Congress. 

Resolved,  That  these  reviews  when  closed  be  transmitted  to  Congress 
by  the  inspector-general  making  the  review,  who  is  to  furnish  the 
major  of  the  respective  regiments  with  a  copy  of  the  same,  and  to  keep 
another  for  his  own  government  and  assistance  in  proceeding  to  the 
next  review. 

Resolved,  That  the  inspectors-general  shall  examine  from  time  to 
time  the  pay  books  of  the  respective  regiments,  which  are  to  be  kept 
in  an  uniform  manner,  agreeable  to  such  regulations  as  may  be  estab- 
lished for  that  purpose,  giving  immediate  notice  to  Congress  of  any 
malversation  or  mismanagement  which  he  may  discover. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  commissioners  of  the  war  office 
to  report  such  further  regulations  for  this  office  as  they  shall  deem 
calculated  to  extend  its  utility  and  to  promote  the  end  of  its  institution. 

Resolved,  That  two  inspectors-general  be  now  appointed. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Brigadier  T.  Conway  was  elected. 

******* 

Resolved,  That  another  major-general  be  appointed  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States.  The  ballots  being  taken,  Brigadier  T.  Conway  was 
elected. 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  89 

March  22,  1778. — "As  a  system  of  easy  manoeuvres  and  exercises  is  to  be  intro- 
duced, with  a  view  of  establishing  uniformity  in  those  points  throughout  the  Army, 
the  commanding  officers  of  brigades  and  regiments  are  desired  to  discontinue  exer- 
cising and  manceuvreing  their  men  by  way  of  instructions,  until  new  regulations  shall 
be  distributed."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.)  [This  was  prepara- 
tory to  the  introduction  of  Baron  Steuben  in  the  character  of  Inspector-General,  and 
the  adoption  of  the  new  system  of  tactics  proposed  by  him.  General  Washington  at 
this  date  was  selecting  proper  subinspectors.  ] 

March  28,  1778. — "The  Baron  Steuben,  a  lieutenant-general  in  foreign  service  and 
a  gentleman  of  great  military  experience,  having  obligingly  undertaken  to  exercise 
the  office  of  Inspector-General  in  the  Army,  the  Commander  in  Chief,  till  the 
pleasure  of  Congress  be  known,  desires  he  may  be  respected  and  obeyed  as  such, 
and  hopes  and  expects  that  all  officers,  of  whatsoever  rank,  will  afford  him  every 
aid  in  their  power  in  the  execution  of  his  office. 

"  Lieut.  Colonels  Davies,  Brooks,  Barber,  and  Mr.  Ternant  are  appointed  to  act  as 
subinspectors;  the  three  former  retaining  their  rank  and  station  in  the  line." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

March  29,  1778. — "The  following  officers  are  appointed  brigade  inspectors,  and  are 
to  be  obeyed  and  respected  as  such  in  their  several  respective  brigades:  Colonel 
Tupper,  in  General  Patterson's  brigade;  Lieut.  Colonel  Sprout,  in  General  Glover's; 
Major  Wallace,  in  Woodford's;  Major  Cabell,  in  Weedon's;  Major  Hull,  in  Learned's; 
Major  Fish,  in  Poor's;  Major  Huling  ?  in  the  late  Conway's;  Captain  Smith,  in  Var- 
num's;  Major  Brimfield,  in  Maxwell's;  Major  Ryan,  in  the  1st  Pennsylvania;  Cap- 
tain Inglis,  in  Mcintosh's;  Captain  McGowan, 2nd  Pennsylvania."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

April  7,  1778. — "Captain  William  Lewis  is  appointed  brigade-inspector  in  General 
Muhlenberg's  brigade,  and  Captain  Croghan  in  General  Scott's."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Valley  Forge. ) 

April  26,  1778. — "Lieut.  Colonel  Fleury  is  to  act  as  subinspector,  and  will  attend 
the  Baron  Steuben  till  circumstances  will  admit  of  assigning  him  a  division  of  the 
Army."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.) 

May  5,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  approve  General  Washington's  plan  for  the 
institution  of  a  well-organized  inspectorship. 

That  Baron  Steuben  *  he  appointed  to  the  office  of  Inspector-General, 
with  the  rank  and  pay  of  major-general,  his  pay  to  commence  from  the 
time  he  joined  the  Army  and  entered  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States. 

That  there  be  two  ranks  of  inspectors  under  the  direction  of  the 
Inspector-General,  the  first  to  superintend  two  or  more  brigades  and 
the  other  to  be  charged  with  the  inspection  of  only  one  brigade. 

1  Frederick  William  Augustus  Steuben  was  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  Prussian 
armies.  He  reached  America  December  1,  1777,  and  served  as  a  volunteer  until  his 
appointment  as  Inspector-General,  which  was  mainly  secured  by  Washington's  influ- 
ence. No  foreign  officer  rendered  more  important  service  to  America.  He  had  given 
up  an  income,  offices,  and  emoluments  far  greater  than  those  he  could  hope  For  in 
America,  and  from  pure  love  of  freedom  entered  as  a  volunteer,  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  in  which  he  died  November  28,  1795. 

"  I  have  seen  the  Baron  and  his  assistants  seven  long  hours  inspecting  a  brigade  of 
three  small  regiments.  Every  man  not  present  must  be  accounted  for;  if  in  camp, 
sick  or  well,  they  were  produced  or  visited;  every  musket  handled  and  searched; 
cartridge  boxes  opened,  even  the  flints  and  cartridges  counted.  Knapsacks  unslung 
and  every  article  of  clothing  spread  on  the  soldier's  blanket,  and  tested  by  his  little 
book,  whether  what  he  had  received  from  the  United  States  within  the  year  was 
there;  if  not,  to  be  accounted  for.  Hospitals,  stores,  laboratories,  every  place  and 
every  thing  was  open  to  inspection  and  inspected,  and  what  officer's  mind  was  at  ease 
if  losses  or  expenditures  could  not,  on  the  day  of  searching,  be  fully  and  fairly 
accounted  for?  The  inspections  were  every  month,  and  wonderful  was  the  effect, 
not  only  with  regard  to  economy,  but  in  creating  a  spirit  of  emulation  between  dif- 
ferent corps.  I  nave  known  the  subalterns  of  a  regiment  appropriate  one  of  their 
two  rations  to  the  bettering  the  appearance  of  their  men,  but  this  was  at  a  later  period 
of  the  war,  when  supplies  and  payments  were  more  ample  and  more  regular." 
[William  North,  in  Kapp's  Life  of  Steuben.] 


90       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  the  officers  appointed  inspectors  receive,  in  addition  to  the  pay 
which  they  derive  from  their  ranks,  30  dollars  a  month,  and  that  the 
brigade  inspectors  receive,  in  addition  to  their  pay,  20  dollars  a  month. 

That  General  Washington  be  authorized  to  appoint  such  persons  to 
be  inspectors  and  brigade  inspectors  for  the  main  Army  as  he  shall 
think  best  qualified  to  execute  the  several  duties  of  those  offices. 

May  9,  1778. — "Congress  have  been  pleased  to  appoint  Baron  Steuben  Inspector- 
General  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  and  the  Commander  in  Chief,  being  invested 
with  powers  to  appoint  the  inspectors  and  brigade  inspectors,  continues  in  office 
those  who  have  already  been  nominated  and  appointed."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Valley  Forge. )  [July  2,  1778,  Baron  Steuben  was  given  the  temporary  com- 
mand of  Woodford's,  Scott's,  and  the  North  Carolina  brigades.  July  22  General 
Washington  directed  him  to  resume  his  office  of  Inspector-General  and  tendered 
him  his  thanks  for  conducting  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  from  Brunswick  to 
Wright's  Mills.] 

May  U,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  interest  of  the  United  States  to  employ 
Mons.  de  la  Neuville1  [sr.]  as  inspector  of  the  Army  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major-General  Gates. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  de  la  Neuville's  pay  as  inspector  be  105  dollars 
per  month  and  six  rations  a  day,  his  pay  and  rations  to  commence  from 
the  time  of  his  entering  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  de  la  Neuville  be  informed  that  Congress  will 
be  disposed,  after  an  experience  of  his  services  as  an  inspector  to  the 
army  under  General  Gates,  for  the  space  of  three  months,  to  confer 
on  him  such  rank  as  his  merits  may  justly  entitle  him  to. 

May  26,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to  furnish 
Baron  Steuben  with  two  good  horses  for  his  use. 

June  4,  1778. — "On  the  march,  Lieut.  Colonel  Fleury  will  be  attached  to  General 
Lee's  division;  Lieut.  Colonel  Davies  to  General  Stirling's;  Lieut.  Colonel  Barber  to 
General  Mifflin's;  Major  Ternant  to  General  de  La  Fayette's;  Lieut.  Colonel  Brooks 
to  General  de  Kalb's;  and,  as  they  will  not  be  employed  on  the  march  in  exercising 
or  maneuvering  the  troops,  they  are  to  fill  the  office  of  adjutant-general,  each  in  his 
respective  division."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.) 

June  15,  1778. — "Till  the  duties  of  the  office  of  Inspector-General  shall  be  defined 
and  fixed  by  Congress,  the  Commander  in  Chief  thinks  proper  to  establish  the  fol- 
lowing plan: 

The  functions  of  it  are  to  comprehend  the  instituting  a  system  of  rules  and  regu- 
lations for  the  exercise  of  the  troops  in  the  manual  and  maneuvers;  for  their  forma- 
tion for  the  purposes  of  exercise  on  guard  and  on  detachments,  and  for  camp  and 


JThe  appointment  of  Mr.  de  la  Neuville,  sr.,  was  predicated  on  the  following 
reasons:  Recommended  by  Baron  de  Wormser,  lieutenant-general  in  the  French 
service,  as  an  officer  of  great  zeal,  activity,  and  knowledge;  recommended  to 
General  Washington  by  the  Marquis  de  Bonilli,  governor  of  Martinico,  as  an  intel- 
ligent officer,  not  only  acquainted  with  the  theory  but  the  practice  of  war,  having 
served  in  several  campaigns  in  Germany;  by  Mr.  Merlet,  quartermaster-general  of 
the  French  army,  and  further  by  the  favorable  testimonies  of  the  Marquis  de 
La  Fayette,  and  Major-General  Conway.  October  14,  1778,  Mr.  de  la  Neuville,  sr., 
was  granted  a  brevet  commission  of  brigadier-general,  to  date  August  14,  1778,  and 
on  the  4th  of  December  following  Congress  directed  that  a  certificate  be  given  him 
by  the  President,  in  the  words  following:  "Mr.  de  la  Neuville,  having  served  with 
fidelity  and  reputation  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  in  testimony  of  his  merit, 
a  brevet  commission  of  brigadier  has  been  granted  him  by  Congress,  and,  on  his 
request,  he  is  permitted  to  leave  the  service  of  these  States  and  return  to  France." 


THE   INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  91 

garrison  duty,  by  which  is  to  be  understood  whatever  relates  to  the  service  of  guards, 
the  ordinary  routine  of  duty  in  and  the  internal  policy  of  camps  and  garrisons;  in 
the  execution  of  which  rules  and  regulations  the  Inspector-General  and  his  assistants 
shall  be  employed  as  hereafter  specified. 

All  rules  and  regulations  shall  first  be  approved  and  authorized  by  the  Commander 
in  Chief,  and  either  published  in  general  orders  or  otherwise  communicated  through 
the  Adjutant-General,  from  whom  the  division  and  brigade  inspectors  will  receive 
them  and  communicate  them  to  the  major-generals  and  brigadiers,  and  to  their 
respective  divisions  and  brigades. 

.  .  .  The  division  and  brigade  inspectors  will  assist  in  their  execution  [mili- 
tary maneuvers  and  exercises]  under  the  immediate  orders  of  the  major-generals, 
brigadiers,  and  colonels  commanding. 

.  .  .  Grand  maneuvers  will  be  occasionally  executed  by  the  Inspector-General, 
with  particular  brigades  or  with  detachments  from  the  line.  .  .  .  The  Inspector- 
General  will  occasionally  attend  the  troops  while  exercising.  His  directions  relative 
to  their  exercise  agreeably  to  the  rules  laid  down  are  to  be  observed  by  every  officer 
of  inferior  rank  who  may  command.  When  any  new  maneuver  is  to  be  introduced, 
it  is,  in  the  first  instance,  to  be  performed  by  the  division  or  brigade  inspector,  after 
which  the  brigadier  or  colonel  will  take  the  command.  Each  division  inspector  shall 
attend  his  major-general  when  he  is  of  the  day,  and  under  his  directions  assist  the 
field  officers  of  the  day  in  examining  whether  the  duty  of  the  guards  is  performed 
according  to  rule.  Each  brigade  inspector  shall  likewise  attend  his  brigadier  when 
he  is  of  the  day,  for  the  same  purpose.  On  the  daily  parade  of  the  guard,  the 
Inspector-General,  if  present,  or  the  subinspector  of  the  day,  is  to  exercise  the 
parade  under  the  orders  of  the  major-general  of  the  day.  The  division  and  brigade 
inspectors  are  immediately  to  furnish  their  respective  major  and  brigadier  generals 
with  all  the  regulations  which  have  been  heretofore  made."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Vallet/  Forge. ) 

June  16,  1778. — "Captain  Archibald  Anderson,  of  the  2nd  Maryland  regiment,  is 
appointed  brigade  inspector  to  the  2nd  Maryland  brigade."  (Ordeis,  General  Head- 
quarters, VaUey  Fbrge.) 

July  29,  1778. 

The  Board  of  War  further  reported : l 

That  Mons.  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  [jr.]  since  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber has  acted  as  aid-de-camp  to  Major-General  Conway,  and  since  the 

1  Mr.  de  la  Neuville,  aid-de-camp  to  the  Marquis  de  La  Fayette,  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel  by  brevet;  February  4,  1779,  Congress  denied  his  petition  for  a 
brevet  commission  of  lieutenant-colonel,  although  the  Marquis  had  addressed  a  letter 
to  Congress  in  his  favor  on  Decern  l)er  22,  1778;  February  10, 1779,  at  his  request,  Mr. 
Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  was  authorized  to  return  to  France;  April  1,  1779,  the  Board 
of  War  having  reported  that  Mr.  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  is  a  brevet  major,  and  as 
as  such  entitled  to  neither  the  pay  nor  subsistence  allowed  to  a  major,  Congress 
authorized  him  to  repair  to  the  Southern  Army  under  General  Lincoln,  and  granted 
him  the  pay  and  subsistence  of  a  major  during  the  ensuing  campaign.  October  18, 
1779,  Congress  resolved  "That  Major  de  la  Neuville,  who  has  served  two  campaigns 
in  the  American  Army,  and  has  obtained  very  honorable  testimonials  of  his  merit, 
valor,  and  services  in  the  several  capacities  in  which  he  has  been  employed,  be 
appointed  a  lieutenant-colonel  by  brevet  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States.  That 
Ueiitenant-t  olonel  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  have  leave  to  return  to  France."  Octo- 
ber 21,  1779,  the  Board  of  War  having  represented  that  Mons.  Noirmont  de  la  Neu- 
ville had  represented  his  uneasiness  lest  nis  not  being  gratified  with  the  rank  and 
command  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  should  create  disagreeable  comparisons  between  the 
supposed  ideas  entertained  by  Congress  of  his  merit  and  that  of  those  enjoying  such 
command,  ( 'ongress  resolved:  "That  Congress  entertain  a  very  favorable  opinion  of 
the  personal  merit  and  military  character  of  Mons.  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville,  which 
he  has  evidence!  1  (Hi  every  occasion  presenting  itself  to  him  daring  his  service  in 
America;  but  a  re-formation  of  the  Army  having  lately  taken  place,  which  renders  it 
Inconsistent  with  the  arrangement  as  now  settled  to  grant  commands  in  the  line  to 
gentlemen  under  Mr.  Noirmont's  circumstances,  has  prevented  his  having  a  commis- 
sion of  the  same  nature  with  some  others,  though  his  merit  and  services  would  other- 
wi-e  entitle  him  thereto."  [As  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel  had  already  been 
conferred  upon  Mr.  de  Neuville  by  the  resolve  of  October  27,  1778,  the  denial  of  his 
petition  for  promotion  must  have  been  because,  as  seemingly  indicated  in  the  resolve 
of  October  21,  1779,  he  sought  a  commission  of  that  grade  iii  the  line.] 


92       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOBY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

appointment  of  his  brother  as  inspector  to  the  Northern  Army  has  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  deputy  inspector  with  uncommon  assiduity  and 
much  satisfaction  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Northern  Army; 
whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  have  the  rank  of  a 
major  by  brevet  in  the  American  Army. 

September  25,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  John  Ternant1  be  appointed  a  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and  be  ordered  to  repair  to  South 
Carolina  forthwith,  to  perform  the  duties  of  inspector  to  the  troops  in 
the  service  of  these  States  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia;  that  he 
report  his  proceedings  as  inspector,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  board 
of  war  and  Inspector-General,  conforming  himself  to  such  regulations 
as  are  or  shall  be  established  by  Congress  for  the  Inspector-General's 
Department;  and,  until  he  shall  be  duly  notified  of  the  plan  of  the 
department  being  arranged  and  confirmed  by  Congress,  that  he  govern 
himself  as  near  as  may  be  by  the  rules  and  practice  pursued  by  Baron 
Steuben,  during  his  having  executed  the  office  of  inspector-general 
with  the  grand  army,  procuring  the  approbation  and  authority  of  the 
officer  commanding  the  troops  of  the  United  States  in  the  said  States 
of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  all  matters  relative  to  the  discipline 
of  the  troops  and  the  police  of  the  camps,  garrisons,  or  quarters, 
previous  to  their  being  put  in  practice  by  him  as  inspector. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Ternant  be  allowed  the  pay  and  subsistence  of  a 
lieutenant-colonel  from  the  26th  of  March  last. 

February  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  an  Inspector-General  to  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  who,  in  all  future 
appointments,  shall  be  taken  from  the  line  of  major-generals; 

That  the  duty  of  the  Inspector-General  shall  principally  consist  in 
forming  a  system  of  regulations,  for  the  exercise  of  the  troops  in  the 
manual  evolutions  and  manoeuvres,  for  the  service  of  guards  and 
detachments,  and  for  camp  and  garrison  duty; 

That  the  Inspector-General  and  his  assistants  shall  review  the  troops 
at  such  times  and  places,  and  receive  such  returns  for  that  purpose,  as 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  in  a  detachment  shall 
direct;  at  which  reviews  he  or  they  shall  inspect  the  number  and  con- 
dition of  the  men,  their  discipline  and  exercise,  the  state  of  their  arms, 
accoute*rments,  and  clothes;  observing  what  of  these  articles  have  been 
lost  or  spoiled  since  the  last  review,  and,  as  nearly  as  possible,  by 
what  means;  reporting  the  same,  with  the  deficiencies  and  neglects, 
to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  the  commanding  officer  of  a  detach- 
ment, and  to  the  board  of  war; 

That  all  new  manoeuvres  shall  be  introduced  by  the  Inspector-Gen- 
eral, and  all  old  ones  performed  according  to  the  established  princi- 
ples, under  his  superintendency;  but  he  shall  not  introduce  or  practice 

1  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ternant  having  had  two  riding  horses  impressed  by  the  State 
of  South  Carolina  during  the  siege  of  Charleston,  Congress,  October  16,  1780,  ordered 
the  quartermaster-general  to  furnish  him  with  two  good  horses. 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  93 

any  regulations  relative  to  the  objects  of  his  department,  save  such  as 
are  made  and  established  in  manner  following,  all  regulations  whatso- 
ever to  be  finally  approved  and  established  by  Congress.  But  the 
exigence  of  the  service  requiring  it,  temporary  ones  may,  from  time 
to  time,  be  introduced  by  the  Inspector-General  with  the  approbation 
of  the  Commander  in  Chief.  These  regulations  to  be  communicated  to 
the  Army  through  the  Adjutant-General,  and  to  be  transmitted  to  the 
board  of  war  with  all  convenient  despatch,  that,  after  being  examined 
and  reported  by  them  to  Congress,  they  may  be  rejected,  altered, 
amended,  or  confirmed,  as  Congress  shall  deem  proper; 

That  there  be  as  many  subinspectors  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  or 
commanding  officer  in  a  detachment  shall,  on  consideration  of  the 
strength  and  situation  of  the  Army,  from  time  to  time,  deem  neces- 
sary, to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  lieutenant-colonels,  and  to  receive 
their  instructions  relative  to  the  department  from  the  Inspector- 
General  ; 

That  there  be  one  brigade  inspector  to  each  brigade,  who  shall  be 
one  of  the  majors  in  the  brigade;  and  that  the  office  of  brigade  inspector 
shall  in  future  be  annexed  to  that  of  major  of  brigade.  He  shall 
accordingly  keep  a  roster  of  the  battalions  of  his  brigade,  regulate  all 
the  details  and  take  care  of  the  formation  and  march  of  all  guards, 
detachments,  &c,  from  the  brigade.  He  is  to  receive  the  general 
orders  and  communicate  them  to  the  commanding  officers  of  the  bri- 
gades and  regiments,  and,  through  the  adjutants,  to  all  the  officers  of  the 
brigade.  He  is,  so  far  as  concerns  his  brigade,  to  inspect  the  police 
of  the  camp,  the  discipline  and  order  of  the  service.  In  time  of  action 
he  is  to  assist  in  executing  the  necessary  manoeuvres  of  the  brigade, 
according  to  the  orders  of  the  brigadier  or  officer  commanding.  He  is 
to  do  no  duty  in  the  line; 

That  all  the  officers  of  the  inspectorship  having  appointments  in  the 
line  shall  retain  their  rights  of  command,  succession,  and  promotion 
in  the  same  manner  as  if  they  had  not  assumed  the  office.  But  as  the 
duties  of  this  department  are  sufficient  to  employ  their  whole  time, 
they  are  to  suspend  the  exercise  of  their  respective  commands,  except 
on  particular  occasions,  when  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding 
officer  in  a  detachment  may  deem  it  necessary  to  invest  them  with  com- 
mand. They  are  to  be  exempted  from  all  common  camp  and  garrison 
duty,  that  they  may  attend  the  more  carefully  to  those  of  the  inspec- 
tion; and  in  time  of  action  they  are  to  be  employed  in  assisting  in  the 
execution  of  the  field  manoeuvres; 

That  the  Inspector-General,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  inspector  of  the 
Army,  be  subject  to  the  orders  of  Congress,  the  board  of  war,  and  the 
Commander  in  Chief  only;  but  the  subinspectors  shall  also  be  subject 
to  the  officers  commanding  the  divisions  and  brigades  to  which  they 
are  attached,  on  the  principles  herein  established; 

That  there  be  allowed  to  the  Inspector-General,  in  consideration  of 
the  extraordinary  expenses  which  attend  the  execution  of  his  office, 
84  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  rations  of  a  major- 
general,  heretofore  provided. 

March  29,  1779. — Baron  Steuben  having  prepared  a  system  of  regulations  for  the 
infantry,  which  was  highly  commended  by  hoth  General  Washington  and  the  Board 
of  War,  Congress  adopted  the  system  of  tactics  and  ordered  its  publication  and  distri- 
bution to  the  Army. 


94       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

April  5,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  Baron  Steuben,  Inspector-General,  be  informed  by 
the  President  that  Congress  entertain  a  high  sense  of  his  merit,  dis- 
played in  a  variety  of  instances,  but  especially  in  the  system  of  mili- 
tary order  and  discipline  formed  and  presented  by  him  to  Congress. 

May  13,  1779. — "Major  Cabell  is  appointed  .  .  .  inspector  to  General  Muh- 
lenberg's brigade,  and  Major  Croghan  to  General  Woodford's."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Middlebrook. ) 

May  26, 1779. — ' '  Lieutenant-Colonel  Regnier  is  appointed  a  subinspector. ' '  ( Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Middlebrook. ) 

June  12,  1779. — "Lieutenant-Colonel  Harmar  is  appointed  subinspector  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Division."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Smith's  Tavern.) 

June  21,  1779. — "Colonel  Davies,  as  eldest  subinspector,  will  do  the  duty  of  Adju- 
tant-General during  said  time  [temporary  absence  of  the  Adjutant-General  with  the 
Commander  in  Chief ]. "     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Smith's  Tavern.) 

June  m,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  majors,  in  consideration  of  their  extra  duty,  acting 
as  brigade  inspectors  .  .  .  receive  44  dollars  per  month,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  regimental  pay. 

*  *  -X- 

Resolved,  That  the  Adjutant-General  for  the  time  being  be  also 
Assistant  Inspector-General. 

June24, 1779. — "  Colonel  Williams,  of  the  Maryland  line,  is  appointed  subinspector." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor. ) 

July  1,  1779. — "  Henry  McCormick,  esq,,  late  brigade  major  to  the  1st  Pennsylvania 
Brigade,  is  appointed  to  do  the  duties  of  .  .  .  brigade  inspector  to  the  light 
corps  under  Brigadier-General  Wayne."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New 
Windsor. ) 

July  6,  1779. 

Resolved,  That,  in  consideration  of  their  extra  duties  and  service,  the 
officers  in  the  arm}'  of  these  States  serving  as  sub  and  brigade  inspect- 
ors be  allowed,  the  former  three  rations  a  day  and  forage  for  three 
horses,  and  the  latter  two  rations  a  day  and  forage  for  two  horses,  in 
lieu  of  all  former  rations  and  forage,  both  as  officers  in  the  line  and  as 
inspectors;  their  subsistence  money  as  officers  in  the  line  to  remain  as 
heretofore. 

July  11, 1779. — "  Lieutenant-Colonel  Grosvenor,of  the  Connecticut  line,is  appointed 
subinspector."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor.) 

July  26,  1779. — Congress  voted  a  silver  medal  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Fleury  for 
distinguished  gallantry  in  the  assault  of  the  enemy's  works  at  Stoney  Point. 

August  11,  1779. — "Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprout  is  appointed  subinspector  in  the 
Army."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore' s  House.) 

August  23,  1779. 

Ordered,  That  Major  Noirmont  de  la  Neuville  be  allowed  the  pay 
and  subsistence  of  a  major  while  he  shall  continue  a  volunteer  with 
the  Army.  .  ' 

September  27,  1779. — Colonel  Fleury  was  granted  leave  of  absence  for  nine  months. 

December  17,  1779. — "  Lieutenant-Colonel  Barber  is  to  do  the  duty  of  subinspector 
in  Major-General  Lord  Stirling's  division,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Regnier  in  the 
division  composed  of  Clinton's  and  Stark's  brigades."  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Morristown.) 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  95 

December  24, 1779. — "  Major  Church,  of  the  4th  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  is  appointed 
brigade  .  .  .  inspector  to  General  Hand's  brigade."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Morristown.) 

January  1,  1780. — "Captain  Brice,  of  the* 3d  Maryland  Regiment,  is  appointed 
brigade  .  .  .  inspector  of  the  1st  Maryland  Brigade  till  further  orders." 
(  Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristoicn. ) 

January  12,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Galvan  receive  the  commission  of  major  in  the 
Arm}^  of  the  United  States,  and  be  employed  in  the  inspectorship,  as 
the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  future  the  business  of  mustering  the  troops  be 
performed  by  the  inspectors  of  the  Army,  in  such  manner  and  under 
such  regulations  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct,  who  is  hereby 
authorized  to  make  the  arrangements  respecting  the  same  to  Congress. 

January  26, 1780. — "  Captain  William  Van  Lear,  of  the  9th  Pennsylvania  Regiment, 
having  done  the  duty  of  .  .  .  brigade  inspector  of  the  2nd  Pennsylvania  Brigade 
from  the  12th  day  of  December  last,  is  appointed  brigade  .  .  .  inspector  of  the 
same  till  further  orders."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

July  6,  1780. — "Lt.  Col.  Barber  is  requested  to  undertake  the  subinspectorship  of 
Hand's,  Maxwell's,  and  Stark's  brigades."    ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Pracaness. ) 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 
by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  bag- 
gage wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to  wit: 

*  *  * 

Inspector-General,  for  his  baggage  according  to  his  rank,  and  for 
his  papers,  etc.,  according  as  the  service  may  require  or  Com- 
mander in  Chief  may  direct 1  bathorse. 

Snbinspector ,...  1  two-horse  wagon. 

Brigade  inspector 1  two-horse  wagon. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bathorses  by  these  regulations  there  be  issued  ...  as  many 
rations  as  the  service  shall  require. 

.  .  .  ;  Inspector-General  agreeable  to  his  rank;  subinspector, 
in  addition  to  what  he  draws  in  the  line,  one;     .     .     . 

August  3, 1780. — "Major  Pettingill, of  the  9th  Massachusetts  Regiment,  is  appointed 
brigade  inspector  to  the  4tb  Massachusetts  Brigade  from  the  25th  of  July  last." 

"Capt.  Ashley,  of  the  1st  Massachusetts  Regt.  (entitled  to  a  majority),  is  appointed 
brigade  inspector  pro  tern,  to  the  2nd  Massachusetts  Brigade."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  I'eeksklll. ) 

August  5,  1780. — "Lt.  Col.  Smith  is  appointed  inspector  and  will  consider  the  light 
infantry  in  his  department." 

"Major  Rice  is  appointed  inspector  to  Stark's  brigade." 

"Major  Scott,  as  oldest  brigade  inspector  in  General  McDougaH'Svdivision,  will  do 
the  duty  of  inspector  to  the  division."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  I'eeksklll.) 

Au(/ust8,  1780. — "Capt.  Moses  White,  of  Colonel  Ilazen's  Regt.,  is  appointed  tc  do 
the  duty  of  brigade  inspector  in  General  Poor's  brigade  till  further  orders,  vice 
Major  Scott,  indisposed."     (Orders,  General  I  lend  quarters,  Oranyeloirn.) 

August  ,;<.),  1780. — "From  the  deficiency  of  field  officers  in  the  Jersey  brigade,  and 
more  particularly  in  the  regiment  to  which  Lt.  Col.  Barber  belongs,  be  is  permitted 
for  the  present  to  decline  the  duties  of  insjHJctor  and  confine  himself  to  those  of  his 


96       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

regiment.  Major  Fish  will  in  the  meantime  perform  the  duties  of  division  inspector. ' ' 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Tean  Neck. ) 

September  8,  1780. — "Major  Rosekrans  will  do  the  duty  of  brigade  inspector  to 
Clinton's  Brigade  during  Major  Fish's' absence."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Steenrapia. ) 

September  16,  1780. — "Major  James  Moore  is  appointed  inspector  to  the  1st  Penn- 
sylvania Brigade  from  the  21st  of  July  last."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Steen- 
rapia. ) 

September  #5,  1780. 

PLAN   OF   THE    INSPECTING   AND   MUSTERING    DEPARTMENT. 

Whereas  the  institution  of  this  department  hath  been  found  of  great 
utility  to  the  armies  of  these  United  States,  and  experience  hath  shown 
that  it  may  be  rendered  still  more  useful  by  any  extension  of  its  powers 
and  objects:  Therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  former  establishment,  by  a  resolution  of  the  18th 
of  February,  1779,  and  all  subsequent  resolutions  relative  thereto,  be 
repealed,  and  the  department  hereafter  have  the  following  form,  pow- 
ers, and  privileges: 

There  shall  be  an  inspector-general  with  the  main  army  of  the  United 
States,  to  be  appointed  by  Congress,  who  shall  be  allowed  two  secre- 
taries, in  addition  to  the  aids  he  is  allowed  in  the  line  of  the  Army,  to 
be  taken  from  the  line  of  captains  and  subalterns,  who  shall  receive,  in 
addition  to  their  pay,  6  dollars  per  month. 

There  shall  be  one  assistant  inspector-general  with  the  main  army, 
who  shall  be  adjutant-general  for  the  time  being,  and  shall  receive,  in 
addition  to  his  pay,  $10  per  month;  and  one  to  every  separate  arnry. 
when  consisting  of  two  or  more  divisions,  who  shall  be  the  deputy 
adjutant-general,  and  shall  receive,  in  addition  to  his  pay,  8  dollars 
per  month. 

There  shall  be  one  inspector  to  each  division  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States — one  to  the  corps  of  cavalry  and  one  to  the  corps  of  artillery — 
to  be  taken,  when  the  service  will  admit,  from  the  line  of  colonels  and 
lieutenant-colonels,  who  shall  be  allowed,  in  addition  to  their  pay.  7£ 
dollars  per  month  and  forage  for  three  horses,  including  what  they 
are  entitled  to  in  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  one  extra  ration  of  provi- 
sion, when  the  state  of  the  magazine  will  admit. 

There  shall  be  one  subinspector  to  every  brigade  in  the  Army  of  the 
United  State,  one  to  the  corps  of  cavalry  and  one  to  the  corps  of  artil- 
lery, if  thought  necessary  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding 
officer  of  a  separate  army,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  majors  in  the 
brigade,  when  the  service  will  admit,  who  shall  be  allowed,  in  addition 
to  their  pay,  5  dollars  per  month,  and  one  extra  ration,  when  the  state 
of  the  magazines  will  admit. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army 
are  hereby  empowered  to  appoint  inspectors  and  subinspectors  to  the 
militia,  while  in  active  service,  agreeable  to  the  foregoing  plan,  who 
shall  have  the  same  powers,  privileges,  and  emoluments  as  tnose  serv- 
ing with  the  Continental  Army. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Inspector-General  to  frame  a  system  of 
regulations  for  the  exercise  and  discipline  of  the  troops  in  the  man- 
ual, evolutions,  and  manoeuvres,  for  the  service  of  guards  and  detach- 
ments, and  for  all  camp  and  garrison  duty,  and  if  approved  of  by  the 
Commander  in  Chief  and  ratified  by  Congress,  such  regulations  shall 
be  enforced  by  the  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  throughout  the 
Army 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  97 

The  assistant  inspectors-general  shall  assist  in  the  general  duties  of 
the  Department,  agreeable  to  the  directions  they  shall  receive  from 
the  Inspector-General  (through  the  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief), 
and  when  the  inspector  is  not  present  shall  have  chief  direction  of  the 
same,  agreeable  to  the  orders  they  maj^  receive  as  aforesaid;  and  they 
shall  nevertheless  continue  to  perform  their  duties  of  adjutant  and 
deputy  adjutant-general. 

The  inspectors  shall  attend  to  the  execution  of  the  regulations 
established  for  the  army  in  their  respective  divisions,  and  in  such 
garrisons  as  the}7  may  be  ordered  by  the  Inspector-General  or  the 
assistant  inspector-general,  at  all  times  performing  the  duties  of  adju- 
tant-general to  the  same;  and  when  a  detachment  of  more  than  one 
division  is  sent  from  the  Army  the  eldest  inspector  of  the  marching 
troops  shall  act  as  adjutant-general  to  the  detachment. 

The  subinspectors  shall  do  the  duty  of  majors  of  brigade  to  the  bri- 
gades to  which  the}7  belong,  and  attend  to  the  execution  of  the  regula- 
tions established  for  the  Army  in  their  respective  brigades  and  such 
garrisons,  detachments,  and  independent  corps  as  they  shall  be  ordered 
by  the  Inspector-General  or  assistant  inspector-general  with  a  separate 
army. 

The  Inspector-General  and  the  assistant  inspector-general  shall  review 
and  muster  the  troops  in  service  once  every  month,  at  which  review 
he  or  they  shall  inspect  the  number  and  condition  of  the  men,  their 
discipline,  the  state  of  their  clothes,  arms,  accoutrements,  and  camp 
equipage;  the  number  of  rations  they  have  drawn  since  the  last  review, 
reporting  such  soldiers  and  recruits  as  are  unfit  for  service  to  the 
major-general  or  commander  of  the  division,  the  brigadier  or  com- 
mander of  a  regiment  detached  from  the  division  or  brigade  to  which 
such  disabled  soldier  may  belong,  to  be  by  them,  or  either  of  them, 
discharged  or  transferred  to  the  corps  of  invalids  if,  on  examination  of 
the  surgeon  of  the  regiment,  they  shall  be  found  unfit  for  further 
service  in  the  field.  But  no  such  soldier  shall  be  deemed  legally  dis- 
charged or  transferred  except  his  discharge  or  transference  is  signed 
by  the  major-general,  brigadier,  or  commandant  as  aforesaid,  and  a 
certificate  of  his  inability,  specifying  the  nature  of  it,  signed  by  the 
surgeon,  is  annexed  thereto,  noting  at  the  same  time  all  alterations 
that  have  happened  since  the  last  review  or  muster  and,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, in  what  manner,  reporting  them  with  the  deficiencies,  neglects, 
and  abuses  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  present 
and  the  board  of  war. 

At  every  muster  three  rolls  shall  be  made  out  by  the  commanding 
officer  of  each  troop  or  company,  signed  and  sworn  to  by  him,  one  of 
which  rolls  shall  be  returned  to  him  certified  by  the  mustering  officer; 
one  shall  be  retained  by  the  mustering  officer;  the  other  shall  be  certi- 
fied and  delivered  to  the  regimental  paymaster,  to  be  affixed  to  the 
pay  rolls. 

Each  brigade  shall  be  mustered  by  its  subinspector  under  the  super- 
intendency  of  the  inspector  of  the  division,  who  shall  be  responsible, 
with  the  subinspector,  for  the  exactness  and  fidelity  of  the  musters; 
and  in  like  manner  all  garrisons,  independent  corps,  and  detachments 
shall  be  mustered  by  such  inspector  or  subinspectors  as  the  Inspector- 
General,  orassistant  inspector-general  with  a  separate  army,  shall  order. 

The  subinspectors  shall  deliver  an  abstract  of  all  such  musters, 
regimentally  digested,  to  the  inspector  of  the  division,  who  shall  digest 

'  S.  Doc.  229 7 


98       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

them  into  division  abstracts,  in  the  same  form,  and  transmit  them  to  the 
assistant  inspectors-general,  to  be  by  them  transmitted  to  the  Inspector- 
General,  and  in  a  separate  army  to  the  commanding  officer. 

The  Inspector-General  shall  transmit,  once  every  month,  a  copy  of 
the  abstracts  of  the  musters  of  the  whole  Army  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief,  and  another  to  the  board  of  war. 

No  commanding  officer  of  a  regiment  shall  muster  the  regiment  he 
commands,  but  another  inspector  shall  be  ordered  to  do  that  duty  by  the 
Inspector-General. 

The  assistant  inspector  in  a  separate  army  shall  do  the  same  duties 
in  that  army  as  the  Inspector-General  doth  in  the  main  army,  respect- 
ing the  musters,  according  to  the  directions  he  shall  receive  and  orders 
of  the  commanding  officer. 

The  commissary  of  issues  shall  be  obliged  to  deliver  to  the  Inspector- 
General,  and  assistant  inspector  with  a  separate  army,  an  abstract  by 
brigades  of  the  rations  actually  issued,  and  of  all  issues  to  all  separate 
corps,  garrisons,  and  detachments. 

All  muster  rolls  shall  be  sworn  to  before  a  general  officer,  or  com- 
mandant of  a  separate  post  or  detachment,  who  are  hereby  empowered 
to  administer  the  oath,  and  certify  it  on  each  muster  roll,  in  the  words 
following,  to  wit: 

"  I,  A  B,  do  swear  that  this  muster  roll  is  a  true  state  of  the  com- 
pany under  my  command,  without  fraud  to  the  United  States  or  to 
any  individual,  according  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge. 

"A  B,  capt.,  lieut.,  ensign,  or  command't. 

"  Sworn  before  me  this day  of ,  17 — ." 

The  mustering  officers  are  empowered  and  directed  to  require  from 
all  the  officers  whose  troops  are  mustered  all  papers  and  vouchers 
relative  to  their  enlistments  and  musters. 

The  inspectors  shall  keep  accounts  with  the  officers  commanding 
regiments  of  all  arms  and  accoutrements  delivered  their  regiments 
and  re-turned  in  by  them.  No  arms  or  accoutrements  shall  be  delivered 
without  an  order  from  the  inspector  of  the  division,  to  whom  returns 
for  arms  and  accoutrements  wanted  shall  be  made,  in  the  form  directed 
in  the  resolution  for  the  order  and  discipline  of  the  troops  of  these 
United  States. 

All  officers  of  the  inspectorship  shall  retain  their  rights  of  command 
and  promotion  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they  had  not  assumed  the 
office.  They  are  to  suspend  the  exercise  of  their  respective  commands 
except  when  they  happen  to  be  the  superior  in  the  division  brigade 
or  regiment  to  which  they  belong,  or  when  they  are  appointed  to 
execute  any  particular  service  by  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  com- 
manding officer  of  a  separate  army ;  and  are  exempt  from  all  common 
camp  and  garrison  duty  that  they  may  attend  to  that  of  the  inspect- 
ing, as  well  in  the  time  of  action  as  at  other  times. 

The  Inspector-General,  as  often  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall 
think  fit  to  order,  shall  visit  every  part  of  the  Army,  and  review  the 
same,  to  see  that  uniformity  prevails  throughout  the  armies  of  these 
United  States. 

The  Inspector-General  shall  keep  books  in  which  the  returns,  &c. , 
passing  through  his  office  shall  be  registered.  He  shall  be  charged 
with  collecting,  in  one  or  more  volumes,  all  the  resolves  of  Congress 
and  regulations  of  the  board  of  war  relative  to  the  Army. 

The  travelling  and  other  incidental  expenses  of  the  execution  of  the 
business  of  the  office  shall  be  settled  by  the  auditors  with  the  Army, 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  99 

upon  such  principles  as  shall  be  established  by  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
and  paid  out  of  the  military  chest. 

The  Quartermaster-General  shall  furnish  all  necessary  books,  paper, 
&c. ,  for  the  Department. 

Each  inspector  shall  be  allowed,  when  the  circumstances  of  the  Army 
will  permit,  a  marquee  and  common  tent;  each  subinspector  a  horse- 
man's and  common  tent,  if  not  provided  for  as  officers  in  the  line. 

All  the  regulations  respecting  the  objects  of  this  Department  shall  be 
finally  approved  and  established  by  Congress;  but,  the  exigency  of  the 
service  requiring  it,  temporary  ones  may  from  time  to  time  be  intro- 
duced by  the  Inspector-General,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  and  transmitted  to  the  board  of  war  within  one 
month  after  their  introduction,  that,  being  examined  and  reported  to 
Congress  by  them,  they  may  be  rejected,  altered,  amended,  or  con- 
firmed, as  Congress  shall  deem  proper. 

Resolved,  That  Baron  Steuben  be,  and  hereby  is,  continued  Inspector- 
General  of  the  armies  of  these  United  States,  and  vested  with  power 
to  appoint  all  officers  necessary  to  carry  the  aforegoing  plan  into 
execution,  they  being  first  approved  of  by  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

Resolved,  That  the  assistant  inspector  be  allowed  400  dollars  per 
month,  of  the  old  emission,  in  addition  to  his  pay  as  Adjutant-General, 
from  the  1st  day  of  February  last  to  the  1st  day  of  October  next.  The 
inspectors  shall  be  allowed,  from  the  1st  day  of  February  last  to  the 
1st  day  of  October,  300  dollars  per  month,  of  the  old  emission,  and 
the  subinspectors  shall  be  allowed  200  dollars  per  month,  of  the  old 
emission,  from  the  first  day  of  February  aforesaid  to  the  first  day  of 
October  next,  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  subsistence  to  which  they  are 
entitled  by  their  respective  ranks. 

November  9,  1780. — "Major  Oliver,  inspector  to  the  1st  Massachusetts  Brigade, 
having  obtained  leave  of  absence,  Captain  Sewall,  of  the  12th  Massachusetts  Regt. ,  is 
appointed  to  do  that  duty  in  his  absence."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Totowa.) 

November  11,  1780. — "Captain  Converse  is  to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  inspector  to 
the  2nd  Connecticut  Brigade  in  the  absence  of  Major  Woodbridge."  {Orders,  Gen- 
eral Headquarters,  Totowa. ) 

November  0S,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  .  .  .  the  Inspector-General  ...  be  supplied 
with  the  journals  of  Congress.     .     .     . 

December  lp,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  instead  of  the  additional  pay  allowed  to  officers  in 
the  Inspector's  Department,  by  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  25th 
of  September  last,  the  following  sums  be  allowed,  viz: 

To  the  Adjutant-General,  as  assistant  inspector,  35  dollars  per  month; 

To  an  assistant  inspector  in  a  separate  army,  30  dollars  per  month; 

To  a  lieutenant-colonel,  as  inspector  of  a  division,  25  dollars  per 
month; 

To  a  major,  as  inspector  of  a  brigade,  25  dollars  per  month. 

January  1,  1781. 

A  motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Sullivan,  seconded  by  Mr.  Varnum, 
That  Lieutenant-Colonel  William   Smith  be  continued   as   subin- 


100       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

spector,  with  his  present  rank  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  to  be 
employed  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct; 

On  which  the  yeas  and  nays  were  required;  and  it  was  resolved  in 
the  affirmative. 

May  2,  1781. — Colonel  Fleury  was  authorized  to  remain  on  furlough  until  further 
orders. 

July  13,  1781. — "Captain  Timothy  Remick,  of  the  First  Massachusetts  Regt.,  is 
appointed  to  do  the  duty  of  inspector  of  the  First  Massachusetts  Brigade." 

' '  Captain  Seth  Drew,  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Regt. ,  is  appointed  to  do  the 
duty  of  inspector  to  the  Second  Massachusetts  Brigade. ' ' 

"Captain  Caleb  Robinson,  of  the  Second  New  Hampshire  Regt.,  is  appointed  to 
do  the  duty  of  inspector  to  General  Stark's  brigade,  vice  Major  Scott,  resigned  that 
office."   ■  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  near  Dobbs  Ferry.) 

July  14,  1781. — "Captain  Converse,  of  the  Second  Connecticut  Regt.,  is  appointed 
to  do  the  duty  of  inspector  to  the  Second  Connecticut  Brigade." 

"Captain  Warner,  of  the  First  Connecticut  Regt.,  is  appointed  to  do  the  duty 
of  inspector  to  the  First  Connecticut  Brigade. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  near 
Dobbs  Ferry.) 

August  13, 1781. — "Captain  Bleeker,  of  the  First  New  York  Regiment,  is-appointed 
to  do  the  duty  of  inspector  to  the  light  troops  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Scam- 
mell."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters  [no place  given].) 

September  6,  1781. — "Major  Piatt  is  appointed  division  inspector  to  the  division 
commanded  by  Major-General  Lincoln. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Head  of  Elk. ) 

September  29,  1781. — "Major  William  Barber  is  appointed  inspector  to  the  division 
commanded  by  Major-General  the  Marquis  de  la  Fayette."  {Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Secretary's  Quarter.) 

October  6,  1781. — "The  division  inspectors  are  to  mount  as  majors  of  the  trenches, 
with  their  respective  major-generals." 

"Major  Gal  van  is  appointed  division  inspector  to  the  division  commanded  by  the 
major-general,  the  Baron  de  Steuben."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters, before  York.) 

October  31,  1781. — "Captain  John  Bankson,  of  the  Second  Pennsylvania  Regiment, 
is  appointed  inspector  pro  tern,  to  the  troops  under  the  orders  of  Major-General  St. 
Clair."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  near  York.) 

January  10,  1782. 

PLAN   FOR   CONDUCTING   THE    INSPECTOR'S   DEPARTMENT. 

Resolved,  That  the  establishment  of  the  inspector's  department  by 
the  resolutions  of  the  25th  of  September,  1780,  and  all  subsequent  reso- 
lutions relative  thereto,  be,  and  hereby  are,  repealed;  and  that  the 
department  hereafter  have  the  following  form,  powers,  and  privileges, 
viz: 

There  shall  be  an  Inspector-General  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States,  to  be  appointed  by  Congress  from  the  general  officers,  and  to 
be  allowed  one  secretary  in  addition  to  the  aids  which  he  has  in  the 
line  of  the  Army;  the  secretary  shall  be  taken  from  the  line  and  be 
entitled  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  an  aid-de-camp.  There  .shall 
be  one  inspector  for  each  separate  army,  to  be  taken  from  the  field  offi- 
cers of  the  line  of  the  Army,  to  be  allowed  30  dollars  per  month  in 
addition  to  his  pay  and  emoluments  in  the  line. 

The  Inspector-General  or  inspector  of  a  separate  army  shall,  once  in 
every  month,  in  such  time,  place,  and  mode  as  the  Commander  in  Chief 
or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army  shall  direct,  review  and 
muster  the  troops  of  every  denomination  in  service,  at  which  review 
they  shall  inspect  the  number  and  condition  of  the  men  and  horses,  the 
discipline  of  the  troops,  the  state  of  their  arms,  accoutrements,  ammu 
nition,  clothing,  and  camp  equipage,  and  make  returns  thereof  to  the 
Commander  m  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army,  noting 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  101 

the  deficiencies,  neglects,  and  abuses,  and,  if  possible,  the  manner  in 
which  they  happened;  and  at  the  same  time  pointing  out  the  altera- 
tions and  amendments  they  may  think  necessary  in  any  branch  of  the 
military  system,  duplicates  of  which  returns  shall  be  transmitted  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army  to 
the  Secretary  at  War. 

At  the  end  of  every  review  the  commanding  officer  of  the  corps 
reviewed  shall  exercise  his  corps  in  the  manual  and  evolutions  before 
the  inspector,  so  as  to  enable  him  to  inspect  and  report  the  discipline 
of  the  troops  agreeably  to  the  foregoing  paragraph;  and  when  the 
Inspector-General  or  inspector  of  a  separate  army  finds  it  necessary  to 
have  particular  evolutions  or  manoeuvres  performed,  either  by  one  or 
several  corps,  he  shall  furnish  a  plan  of  such  evolutions  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  army,  who  will  approve  or  amend  them,  and 
order  them  executed,  as  he  may  think  proper. 

At  every  review  the  commanding  officer  of  companies  and  corps 
shall  produce  to  the  inspector  returns  of  the  state  of  their  respective 
companies  and  corps  and  such  other  papers  and  vouchers  relative  to 
the  enlistment  of  the  men  as  he  shall  think  necessary;  three  muster 
rolls  shall  also  be  made  out  by  the  commanding  officer  of  each  troop 
or  company  and  signed  by  him,  one  of  which  shall  be  returned  to  him, 
certified  by  the  inspector,  one  shall  be  certified  and  delivered  to  the 
regimental  paymaster,  to  be  affixed  to  the  pay  rolls,  and  the  other  shall 
be  retained  by  the  inspector. 

The  Inspector-General  or  inspector  of  a  separate  army  shall,  as  soon 
as  possible  after  ever}'  muster,  transmit  an  abstract  of  the  musters  of 
the  whole  army  in  which  he  is  serving  to  the  commanding  officer,  who 
shall  transmit  a  duplicate  thereof  to  the  Secretary  at  War. 

A^  soon  as  possible  after  every  review  the  inspector  shall  report  to 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army  all 
such  soldiers  whom,  from  inability  or  other  causes,  it  ma}7  be  neces- 
sary to  discharge  or  transfer  to  the  invalids;  and  no  discharge  shall  in 
future  be  valid  unless  signed  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  officer 
commanding  the  army  where  such  discharge  is  given. 

The  Inspector-General  or  inspector  of  a  separate  army  shall  be 
authorized  to  call  on  the  Quartermaster-General,  Clothier-General,  and 
field  commissary  of  military  stores,  or  their  deputies,  for  returns  of 
the  articles  which  have  been  issued  from  and  returned  to  their  several 
departments  by  each  corps,  that  the  inspectors  may  see  whether  every 
article  so  delivered  has  been  regularly  and  satisfactorily  accounted  for 
or  charged  to  the  corps,  agreeably  to  the  established  regulations. 

The  Inspector-General  or  inspector  of  a  separate  army  shall  be 
authorized  and  required  to  visit  the  military  hospitals  of  the  United 
States  from  time  to  time  to  examine  the  general  state  of  them  and  the 
treatment  of  the  patients,  which  he  shall  report  to  the  officer  command- 
ing the  Army;  and  the  director,  deputy  director,  or  superintending 
surgeon  of  any  hospital  shall  furnish  them  with  such  returns  as  they 
may  find  necessary  for  the  better  execution  of  their  office. 

The  Inspector-General  shall  himself,  previous  to  the  opening  and  at 
the  close  of  every  campaign,  or  as  often  as  the  Commander  in  Chief 
shall  think  fit  to  order,  visit,  even  part  of  the  Army  to  see  that  uni- 
formity prevails  throughout  the  armies  of  the  United  States. 

The  Inspector-General  and  inspectors  of  a  separate  army,  in  the 
execution  of  their  offices,  shall  be  subject  only  to  the  orders  of  Congress, 


102       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  Secretary  of  War,  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of 
a  separate  army;  and  that  the  inspectors  may  attend  the  better  to  the 
duties  of  their  offices  they  shall  be  exempted  from  all  other  duties, 
except  when  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a 
separate  army  shall  think  proper  to  order  otherwise. 

All  the  returns  in  the  Inspector's  Department  are  to  be  made  agree- 
ably to  the  forms  which  shall  be  delivered  by  the  Inspector-General. 

Each  inspector  of  a  separate  army  shall  be  allowed  to  take  an  officer 
from  the  line  of  captains  or  subalterns  to  assist  him  in  the  duties  of  his 
office,  who  shall  be  allowed  ten  dollars  per  month  in  addition  to  his 
pay  in  the  line. 

.Resolved,  That  Major-General  Baron  Steuben  be,  and  hereby  is, 
continued  Inspector-General  of  the  armies  of  these  United  States  and 
vested  with  power  to  appoint  all  officers  necessary  to  carry  the  fore- 
going plan  into  execution,  they  being  first  approved  of  by  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 

March  26,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  so  much  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  January  12, 1780, 
respecting  Mr.  Galvan,  as  directs  that  he  be  employed  in  the  inspector- 
ship, as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct,  be,  and  hereby  is,  repealed. 

July  26,  1782. 

A  motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Duane,  seconded  by  Mr.  Root, 
That.Baron  Steuben  receive,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  as  major-general,  80  dollars  per  month  for  his 
traveling  expenses  in  the  execution  of  his  office  of  Inspector-General, 
to  be  computed  from  the  10th  day  of  January  last. 

*  *  * 

.     .     .     Resolved  in  the  affirmative. 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Inspector-General,  for  his  baggage,  according  to  his  rank,  and  for 
his  papers  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  may  direct. 
Inspectors,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

*  *  * 

That  there  shall  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

*  *  » 

Inspector-General,  agreeable  to  his  rank. 

Inspector,  in  addition  to  what  he  draws  in  the  line,  1  ration. 


December  30,  1782. 

Resolved',  That  the  Baron  de  Steuben  be  allowed  300  dollars  per 
month,  in  lieu  of  his  extra  pay  and  of  subsistence  and  forage  for  him- 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  103 

self  and  family,  including  wagon  as  well  as  saddle  horses,  and  that 
these  allowances  hereafter  cease. 

February  11, 1783.— "Colonel  Stewart,  of  the  2nd  Pennsylvania  Regt.,  is  appointed 
inspector  for  the  Northern  Army,  and  Lt.  Col.  Ternant,  of  Armand's  Partizan  Corps, 
for  the  Southern  Army.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Philadelphia. ) 

April  15,  1784. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  approve  of  and  confirm  the  appointment  of 
Major  William  North *  as  inspector  to  the  troops  remaining  in  the 
service  and  pay  of  the  United  States. 

April  15,  1784. — In  accepting  the  resignation  of  Major-General  Baron  Steuben,  late 
Inspector-General,  Congress  resolved:  "That  the  thanks  of  the  United  States  in  Con- 
gress assembled  be  given  to  Baron  Steuben  for  the  great  zeal  and  abilities  he  has 
discovered  in  the  discharge  of  the  several  duties  of  his  office;  that  a  gold-hilted  sword 
be  presented  to  him  as  a  mark  of  the  high  sense  Congress  entertains  of  his  character 
and  services."     September  27,  1785,  Congress  voted  him  the  sum  of  $7,000. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Mentges,  having  been  appointed  by  General  Greene  inspector 
of  contracts  to  the  Southern  Army,  Congress,  having  decided  that  there  is  nothing 
in  the  resolve  of  May  7,  1782,  to  prevent  the  duties  of  that  office  being  performed  by 
an  officer  of  the  Army,  granted  Colonel  Mentges  an  additional  compensation  of  $100 
per  month  while  he  acted  as  inspector  of  contracts. 

March  %%,  1785. 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain 
in  the  line  of  the  Army,  Major  North  receive  the  monthly  pay  of  30 
dollars  allowed  to  an  inspector  of  a  separate  army  by  the  resolution  of 
the  10th  January,  1782. 

June  25,  1788. 

Resolved,  That  the  office  of  inspector  of  the  troops  in  the  service  of 
the  United  States  immediately  cease  and  be  discontinued,  and  that  the 
Secretary  of  War  report  what  mode  may  be  most  eligible  for  having 
the  troops  inspected  for  the  future. 

July  3,  1788. — General  Washington  wrote  to  the  President  of  Congress  "that  the 
recruits  at  present  raising  in  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania  will  be 
mustered  and  inspected  previously  to  their  marching  by  Mr.  Stagg,  who  is  employed 
in  this  office  and  is  adequate  to  the  business."  Mr.  John  Stagg  was  the  chief  clerk 
of  the  War  Department,  and  had  been  an  officer  of  the  Continental  Army.  He  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Mentges,  inspector  of  contracts,  performed  the  duties  of  inspector 
under  the  Secretary  of  War. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  April  30, 1790  (1  Stats.,  119). 

AN  ACT  for  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  may,  from  time 
to  time,  appoint  one  or  two  inspectors,  as  to  him  shall  seem  meet,  to 
inspect  the  said  troops,  who  shall  also  muster  the  same,  and  each  of 
whom  shall  receive  the  like  pay  and  subsistence  as  a  captain,  and 
be  allowed  ten  dollars  per  month  for  forage. 


1  Major  North  was  appointed  by  Major-General  Baron  Steuben,  Inspector-General. 


104       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  5,  1792  (1  Stats.,  2Jtf). 

AN  ACT  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision  for  the  protection  of  the  fron- 
tiers of  the  United  States. 

[By  section  7  of  this  act  the  Adjutant-General  is  to  do  also  duty  of 
inspector.] 

Act  of  May  30,  1796  (1  Stats.,  JSS). 

AN  ACT  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  inspector,  who  shall  do 
the  duty  of  Adjutant-General.1     .     .     . 

*  •  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  ...  of  the  mili- 
tary establishment  be  as  follows:  .  .  .  Inspector  .  .  .  gen- 
erals ...  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line,  twenty-five  dol- 
lars.    .     .     . 

Sec.  13.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  .  .  .  Inspector  .  .  .  generals  .  .  .  ,  six 
rations,  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  said 
officers,  at  the  posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations  shall  become  due; 
and  if,  at  such  posts,  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract,  then  such 
allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to  former 
contracts  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  officers  hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever  for- 
age shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the 
following  enumerated  sums  per  month  instead  thereof,  to  wit:  .  .  . 
Inspector    .     .     .     general     .     .     .     twelve  dollars     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  general  staff  as  authorized  by  this  act  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  until  the  4th  day  of  next  March,  and  no  longer. 

Act  of  March  3,  1797  (1  Stats.,  507). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act  intituled  "An  act  to  ascertain  and 
fix  the  military  -establishment  of  the  United  States." 


Sec.  2.  [That  there  shall  be  one  brigadier-general,  who  may  choose] 
his  .  .  .  inspector  from  the  captains  and  subalterns  in  the  line 
(to  .  .  .  whom  there  shall  be  allowed  the  monthly  pay  of  twenty- 
five  dollars,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  and  two  rations  extraor- 
dinary per  day;  and,  whenever  forage  .shall  not  be  furnished  by  the 
public,  to  ten  dollars  per  month  in  lieu  thereof).     .     .     . 


1  The  Inspector-General  acting  as  Adjutant-General  is  entitled  under  this  act  to  $25 
in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  six  rations  per  day,  and  $12  per  month  for  forage. 


the  inspectoe-genebal's  depaetment.  105 

Act  of  May  22,  1798  (1  Stats.,  557). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  intituled  "An  act  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act 
intituled  'An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States.' " 

Sec.  1.  That  the  brigadier-general  who  is  now,  or  may  hereafter  be, 
in  the  service  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  authorized 
to  choose  his  .  .  .  inspector  .  .  .  from  the  commissioned 
officers  in  the  line  of  the  Army;  and  that  so  much  of  the  second  sec- 
tion of  the  act  intituled  "An  act  to  amend  and  repeal  in  part  the  act 
intituled  'An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  '  "  as  confines  the  choice  of  .  .  .  inspector  to  cap- 
tains and  subalterns  of  the  line  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury  shall  allow  to 
Major  Gushing  the  monthly  pay,  rations,  forage,  and  allowances  for 
the  same  as  established  by  law  for  an  inspector  during  the  time  he  has 
acted  in  said  capacity  by  appointment  of  General  Wilkinson. 

Act  of  May  28,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  whenever  the  President  shall  deem  it  expedient  he  is 
hereby  empowered,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
to  appoint  an  Inspector-General,  with  the  rank  of  major-general;  and 
the  ....  Inspector-General  shall  ...  be  entitled  to  the  fol- 
lowing pay  and  emoluments,  viz,  one  hundred  and  sixt}T-six  dollars 
monthly  pay,  twenty  dollars  monthly  allowance  for  forage,  when  the 
same  is  not  provided  by  the  United  States,  and  fifteen  rations  per  day, 
or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  current  price;  and  shall  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  two  aids,  each  of  whom  shall  have  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major.  .  .  .  And  the  President 
is  hereby  authorized,  alone,  to  appoint,  from  time  to  time,  when  he 
shall  judge  proper,  assistant  inspectors  to  every  separate  portion  of 
the  Army,  consisting  of  one  or  more  divisions,-  who  shall  be  deputy 
adjutant-generals  thereof,  respectively,  and  who  shall  be  taken  from  the 
line  of  the  Armj%  and  allowed,  in  addition  to  their  pay,  eight  dollars 
per  month;  and,  likewise,  to  appoint  inspectors  and  subinspectors  to 
each  brigade  and  corps  of  every  description,  at  his  discretion,  taking 
them  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  they  shall  each  receive,  while 
acting  in  said  capacity,  an  additional  pay  of  six  dollars  per  month. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  .  .  .  it  expedient 
to  appoint  ...  an  Inspector-General  ...  in  the  recess  of 
the  Senate,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  .  .  .  said  appoint- 
ments and  grant  commissions  thereon,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end 
of  the  next  session  of  the  Senate  thereafter. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General  .  .  .  who  may 
be  appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act  Hhall,  respectively,  continue  in  com- 
mission during  such  term  only  as  the  President  shall  judge  requisite 
for  the  public  service.     .     .'    . 


106       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

Sec.  10.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  shall  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  pay  or  emoluments  until 
he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time  than  he 
shall  continue  therein.     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  16,  1798 l  (1  Stats.,  604). 

AN  ACT  to  augment  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  -x-  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  Inspector-General,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major-general,  and  two  aids-de- 
camp; .  .  .  two  assistant  inspectors  (who  shall  be  taken  from  the 
line  of  the  Army).     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  .  .  .  The  aids-de-camp  and  assistant  inspectors  shall 
each  be  entitled  to  twenty-four  dollars  monthly,  in  addition  to  their 
pay  in  the  line,  and  to  four  rations  of  provisions  each  for  their  daily 
subsistence;  and  whenever  forage  shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public 
to  ten  dollars  per  month  in  lieu  thereof. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  749). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  when  any  officer  shall  be  detached  from  a  regiment  to 
serve  ...  as  assistant  or  other  inspector  .  .  .  the  place  of 
such  officer  in  his  regiment  shall  be  supplied,  by  promotion  or  new 
appointment,  or  both,  as  may  be  requisite;  but  the  officer  detached 
shall,  nevertheless,  retain  his  station  in  his  regiment  and  shall  rank 
and  rise  therein  in  the  same  manner  as  if  he  had  not  been  detached. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  officer  shall  be  appointed  as  the  inspector  of  a  divi- 
sion who  when  appointed  shall  be  of  a  rank  higher  than  that  of  major, 
or  as  the  inspector  of  a  brigade  who  when  appointed  shall  be  of  a  rank 
higher  than  that  of  captain,  or  as  the  aid  of  a  major-general  who  when 
appointed  shall  be  of  a  rank  higher  than  that  of  a  captain.     .     .     . 

$r  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  States  other  than  that  in 
which  the  Inspector-General  shall  serve  there  shall  be  a  deputy  inspector- 
general,  who  shall  be  a  field  officer,  and  who,  in  addition  to  his  other 
emoluments,  shall  be  entitled  to  fifty  dollars  per  month,  which  shall 
be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra  services  and  traveling  expenses; 
and  that  to  every  division  of  an  army  there  shall  be  a  division  inspector, 
who,  in  addition  to  his  other  emoluments,  shall  be  entitled  to  thirty 
dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra 
services  and  traveling  expenses;  and  that  to  every  brigade  there  shall 
be  a  brigade  inspector,  who,  in  addition  to  his  other  emoluments,  shall 
be  entitled  to  twenty-four  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full 

1  Section  9  authorizes  the  appointment  of  an  inspector  of  artillery,  taken  from  the 
line  of  artillerists  and  engineers,  to  be  allowed  $30  per  month  in  addition  to  his  pay 
in  the  line,  4  rations  per  day  and  $10  per  month  for  forage  when  not  furnished  in 
kind. 


THE   INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  107 

compensation  for  his  extra  services  and  traveling  expenses;  each  of 
which  officers  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Inspector-General  from  among  the 
regimental  officers;  the  deputy  inspector-general  to  be  in  every  case 
approved  by  the  general  commanding  the  army  to  which  he  shall  be 
annexed. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  shall  be  ex  officio 
assistant  inspector-general,  and  that  every  deputy  inspector-general 
shall  be  ex  officio  deputy  adjutant-general,  and  shall  perform  the  duties 
of  adjutant-general  in  the  army  to  which  he  shall  be  annexed. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  there  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Inspector-General,  in 
addition  to  his  allowance  as  major-general,  and  in  full  compensation 
for  extra  services  and  expenses  in  the  execution  of  his  office,  the  sum 
of  fifty  dollars  per  month,  and  that  he  shall  be  allowed  a  secretary,  to 
be  appointed  by  himself,  with  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain. 

Act  of  March  16,  18021  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be     .  one  Adjutant  and  Inspector  of 

the  Army,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  field  officers.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  -1.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  ...  To  the  Adjutant  and  Inspector  of  the  Army,  thirty- 
eight  dollars  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line.     .     ,.     . 


Act  of  March  12,  1808  (2  Stats.,  431). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  when  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  a  suitable  proportion  of  the  troops  authorized  by  this  act  shall 
be  raised,  there  may  be  appointed  .  .  .  two  brigade  inspectors; 
.  .  .  the  brigade  inspectors  appointed  under  this  act  shall  be  taken 
from  the  line.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  compensation  of  the  officers  .  .  .  shall  be, 
viz:  ...  .  each  brigade  inspector,  thirty  dollars  per  month,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line;  .  .  .  and  to  each  six  dollars  per 
month  for  forage  when  not  furnished:  .  .  .  Provided,  The  officers 
.  .  .  furnish  their  own  horses  and  accoutrements,  and  actually  keep 
in  service  the  aforesaid  number  of  horses  to  entitle  them  to  the  afore- 
going allowance  for  forage,  or  its  equivalent  in  money.  .  .  . 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  all  or  any  of  the  officers,  other 
than  the  general  officers,  proper  to  be  appointed  under  this  act,  which 
appointments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Senate,  at  the  next  session,  for 
their  advice  and  consent. 


'Under  this  act  the  offices  of  Inspector-General  and  Adjutant-General  were  united. 


108      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   AEMY. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  .  .  .  staff  officer  to  be  appointed  in  virtue 
of  this  act  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  some  one  of  the 
Territories  thereof. 

Act  of  April  30,  1810  (2  Stats.,  592). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  post-office  establishment. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  following  officers 
of  the  United  States  shall  be  received  and  conveyed  by  post  free  of 
postage.     .     .     .     The  Inspector     ...     of  the  Army.     .     .     . 


Act  of  January  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 
■*  #  # 

Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  appointed  .  .  .  one  Inspector- 
General,  .  .  .  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier- 
general.  .  .  .  The  said  Inspector-General  shall  be  allowed  two 
assistant  inspectors,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  each  of 
whom  shall  receive,  while  acting  in  said  capacity,  the  same  pay  and 
emoluments  as  by  this  act  are  allowed  to  a  lieutenant-colonel.     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  when  an  officer  is  detached  to  serve  as  ...  an 
assistant  to  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General  on  the  appointment  of  a 
general  officer     ...     he  shall  not  thereby  lose  his  rank. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer,  who  may  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  any  pay  or  emoluments 
until  he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time 
than  he  shall  continue  therein. 

Act  of  May  16,  1812  (2  Stats.,  735). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized  to  appoint,  from  the  captains  and  subalterns  of  the  line 
of  the  Army,  so  many  subinspectors  as  the  service  may  require,  not 
exceeding  one  to  each  brigade;  and  such  subinspectors  shall  each 
receive  twenty-four  dollars  per  month  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line. 


Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  782). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  pay  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  .  .  .  to  a  .  .  .  brigade  inspector  and  adjutant  there 
shall  be  allowed  forage  for  one  horse  only,  or  in  lieu  thereof  ten  dol- 
lars per  month.     .     .     . 


THE   INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  109 

Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  784). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  States,  other  than  that  in 
which  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General  ...  of  the  Army  shall 
serve,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint  .  .  .  one 
deputy  inspector-general,  .  .  .  who  shall  be  taken  from  the  line 
of  the  Army,  and  who  shall  each,  in  addition  to  his  pay^  and  other 
emoluments,  be  entitled  to  tiftA"  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in 
full  compensation  for  his  extra  services.  And  that  there  shall  be,  to 
each  of  the  foregoing  deputies,  such  number  of  assistant  deputies  (not 
exceeding  three  to  each  department)  as  the  public  service  may  require, 
who  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  taken  from  the  line,  and  who  shall,  each, 
be  entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  other 
emoluments,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra  services: 
.  .  .  And  provided  aho,  That  the  President  of  the  United  States 
be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  any  of  the  officers  named 
in  this  act  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Senate  at  their  next  meeting  for  their  advice  and  consent. 

Sec.  3.  That  all  letters  and  packages  to  and  from  the     . 
Inspector-General  shall  be  free  from  postage. 


Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT  for  the  letter  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

That  the  ...  Inspector-General's  .  .  .  departments  shall 
consist  of  the  following  officers,  that  is  to  say,  an  Adjutant  and  Inspector- 
General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolument  of  a  brigadier-general, 
and  not  exceeding  .  .  .  eight  inspectors-general,  sixteen  assistant 
inspectors-general.     .     .     . 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby, 
authorized,  if  he  shall  deem  it  expedient,  to  assign  one  of  the  brigadiers- 
general  to  the  principal  Army  of  the  United  States,  who  .shall,  in  such 
case,  act  as  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General,  and  as  chief  of  staff  of 
such  Army.     .     .     . 

Sec.  3.  That  ...  all  the  other  inspectors-general  .  .  . 
shall  have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel 
of  infantry;  the  .  .  .  assistant  inspectors-general  .  .  .  shall 
have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major  of 
cavalry.     ... 

Sec.  4.  That  .  .  .  the  assistant  inspectors-general  .  .  . 
shall  be  taken  from  theline.  The  .  .  .  inspectors  general  .  .  . 
may  be  taken  from  the  line  or  not,  as  the  President  may  deem 
expedient. 

Sec.  11.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  Adjutant  and 
Inspector-General,  .  .  .  inspectors-general,  .  .  .  which  relate 
to  their  official  duties,  shall  be  tree  from  postage. 


110      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1815  (3  Stats.,  22$). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States." 
*  *  * 

Sec.   3.    That  there  shall  be  four  brigade  inspectors. 

.     .     .      The  brigade  inspectors  appointed  under  this  act  shall   be 
taken  from  the  line.     ... 


May  17,  1815.  .  .  .  And  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  further  judged 
proper,  that,  in  addition  to  the  provision  for  a  general  staff,  which  is  specifically 
made  by  the  act  of  Congress,  certain  officers  shall  be  retained,  under  the  special 
authority  given  by  the  act,  until  circumstances  will  permit  of  their  discharge,  with- 
out material  iniurv  to  the  service;  and  that  the  following  shall  be  the 

GENERAL   STAFF. 


An  adjutant  and  Inspector-General,  to  be  provisionally  retained. 
Four  brigade  inspectors. 

*  *  * 

( General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office.) 

Act  of  April  24,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the 
Army  of  the  United  States. 

That,  in  addition  to  the  act  providing  for  a  military  peace  establish- 
ment, the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  the  third,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirteen,  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff 
be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  so  far  established  that  the  general  staff 
shall  in  future  consist  of  one  adjutant  and  inspector  general  of  the 
Army,  and  .  .  .  one  inspector-general  .  .  .  and  an  assistant 
.  .  .  to  every  brigade,  which  shall  supersede  the  brigade  .  .  . 
inspectors  now  existing.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  U,  1818  (3  Stats.,  1$6). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  inspector-generals  of 
divisions  be,  and  is  nereby,  raised  to  be  equal  to  the  pay  and  emolu- 
ments of  the  adjutant-generals  of  division. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  two  inspectors-general,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry. 


Ill 

Act  of  March  3,  1825  (4  Stats.,  127). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  sale  of  unserviceable  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  inspection  or  survey  of  the  unserviceable  stores 
shall  be  made  b}T  an  inspector-general  or  such  other  officer  or  officers 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  appoint  for  that  purpose.     .     .     . 

Act  of  March  2,  1827  U  Stats.,  238). 

AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  act  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  .  .  .  inspectors-general  ...  be  author- 
ized to  frank,  and  to  receive  letters  and  packets  by  post  free  of 
postage.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  The  President  is  authorized  to  appoint  two  assistant  adjutants- 
general,  with  the  brevet  rank  of  major,  and  four,  with  the  brevet  rank 
of  captain,  who  shall  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  army,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  their  own  shall  perform  the  duties  of  assistant  inspectors- 
general  when  the  circumstances  of  the  service  may  require. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  August  23,  181$  (5  Stats.,  512). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  *  • 

Sec.  4.  That  within  one  month  of  the  passage  of  this  act  the  offices 
of  one  inspector-general    .     .     .     shall  be  abolished.     .     .     . 

Act  of  January  12,  181fi  (9  Stats.,  2). 

AN  ACT  to  repeal  the  act  which  abolished  the  office  of  one  of  the  inspectors-general 
of  the  Army,  and  to  revive  and  establish  said  office. 

That  so  much  of  the  fourth  section  of  an  act  approved  the  twenty- 
third  day  of  August,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-two,  entitled 
"An  act  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," as  directs  that  the  office  of  one  inspector-general  of  the  Army 
shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed;  and  all  acts  and  parts  of 
acts  so  repealed  shall  be,  and  the  same  hereby  are,  revived  and  con- 
tinued in  force. 

Act  of  August  3,  1861  (12  Stats.,  287). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  in  addition 


112       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

to  the  number  authorized  by  existing  laws  and  in  accordance  with 
existing  regulations,  five  assistant  inspectors-general,  with  the  rank 
and  pay  of  majors  of  cavalry  .  .  .  ,  to  have  the  pay,  rank,  and 
allowance  and  perform  the  duties  of  similar  officers  in  the  present 
military  establishment.     .     .     . 


Act  of  August  6,  1861  (12  Stats.,  317). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Engineer  and  Topographical  Engineer 
Corps,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.1  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  appoint  two  additional  inspectors-general  for  the  United  States 
Army,  said  inspectors-general  to  have  the  same  rank  and  receive  the 
same  pay  and  allowances  as  now  provided  by  law  for  inspectors- 
general. 

*  *  # 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrection,  and  repel  invasion,  approved  February  twenty-eighth,  seven- 
teen hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  act  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

»  *  « 

Sec.  10.  That  each  army  corps  shall  have  .  .  .  one  assistant 
inspector-general,  who  shall  bear,  .  .  .  ,  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  who  shall  be  assigned  from  the  army  or  volunteer  force 
by  the  President.     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  there  shall  be  four  inspectors-general  of  the  Army,2 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry;  three 
assistant  inspectors-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry,  and  two  assistant  inspectors-general, 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  majors  of  cavalry. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That,  until  otherwise  directed  by  law,  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  ...  in  the  Inspector-General's 
Department.     .     .     . 


1  Section  4  of  this  act  is  repealed  by  section  3  of  act  of  same  date  (12  Stats.,  318). 

2  Inspectors-general  to  designate,  from  time  to  time,  what  articles  shall  be  kept  by 
the  Subsistence  Department  for  sale  to  enlisted  men.  Provision  repealed  in  section 
1144,  Revised  Statutes. 


THE   INSPECTOR-GENERAL  rS   DEPARTMENT.  113 

.     Act  of  June  8,  1872  (17  Stats. ,  338). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  an  appointment  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department. 

That  the  President  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  to  nominate,  and, 
by  and  with  the  advrice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  Nelson  H. 
Davis,  of  the  Inspector-General's  Department,  to  the  rank  and  place 
therein  to  which  he  is  entitled,  and  which  he  would  have  held  had  the 
law  of  promotions  by  seniorit}'  under  the  act  of  March  third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty -one  and  the  army  regulations  of  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-three  been  carried  out:  Provided,  That  no  officer  in  said 
department  shall,  by  this  act,  be  reduced  from  his  present  grade,  nor 
shall  any  pay  or  allowance  be  made  to  any  officer  under  it,  except 
from  the  date  of  his  confirmation:  And  provided  further,  That  no  pro- 
motion to  the  grade  of  inspector-general  shall  hereafter  be  made  until 
the  number  of  inspectors-general  is  reduced  to  four. 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  582). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  establishment  of  a  military  prison,  and  for  its  government. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  one  of  the  inspectors  of  the  Army  shall,  at  least  once 
in  three  months,  visit  the  prison  for  the  purpose  of  examining  into 
books  and  all  the  affairs  thereof,  and  ascertain  whether  the  laws,  rules, 
and  regulations  relating  thereto  are  complied  with,  the  officers  are 
competent  and  faithful,  and  the  convicts  properly  governed  and 
employed,  and  at  the  same  time  treated  with  humanity  and  kindness. 
And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  inspector,  at  once,  to  make  full  report 
thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  16,  187 £  (18  Stats.,  77). 
AN  ACT  to  authorize  an  appointment  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department. 

Whereas  a  vacancy  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Inspector-General's 
Department  of  the  Army  originated  on  the  thirteenth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-seven,  to  which  Major  Absalom  Baird  was  entitled 
to  be  promoted  under  the  laws  then  in  existence,  but  from  which  he 
was  excluded  by  reason  of  another  appointment  in  said  department 
previously  made,  and  whereas  an  act  of  Congress  approved  June 
eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two,  which  was  passed  with  the 
intention  of  rectifying  this  wrong,  has  failed  to  secure  to  Major  Baird 
his  just  rights:  Therefore, 

That  the  President  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  to  nominate  and 
promote  Absalom  Baird  to  be  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant  inspector- 
general,  to  date  from  June  thirteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven;  bat  no  pay  or  allowance  shall  be  made  to  him  for  any  time 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act. 

Act  of  June  23,  1874  (IS  Stats.,  2U)- 
AN  ACT  reorganizing  the  several  staff  corps  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Inspector-General's  Department  shall  consist  of  one  colonel, 
two  lieutenant-colonels, and  two  majors,  with  the  rank.  pay. and  emolu- 
ments of  officers  of  said  grades;  that  the  Secretary  of  War  may,  in 
addition,  detail  officers  of  the  line,  not  to  exceed  four,  to  act  as 
inspectors-general:  Provided,  That  officers  of  the  line  detailed  as  acting 
S.  Doc.  229 8 


114       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

inspectors-general  shall  have  all  the  allowances  of  cavalry  officers  of 
their  respective  grades;  and  no  new  appointment  shall  be  made  in  the 
Inspector-General's  Department  until  the  number  of  inspectors-general 
is  reduced  to  five. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  law  herein  made  reducing 
the  number  of  officers  in  any  department  or  corps  of  the  staif. 

*  *  * 

REVISED   STATUTES— SECOND   EDITION— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

An  Inspector-General's  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1131.  There  shall  be  five  inspectors-general  of  the  Army,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry;  provided  no  promotion  shall  be  made 
until  the  number  of  inspectors-general  is  reduced  to  four;  one  assistant 
inspector-general,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry;  and 
two  assistant  inspectors-general,  with  the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the  departments  ...  of 
inspector-general.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1348.  One  of  the  inspectors  of  the  Army  shall,  at  least  once  in 
three  months,  visit  the  [Military]  prison  for  the  purpose  of  examining 
into  the  books  and  all  the  affairs  thereof,  and  ascertaining  whether  the 
laws,  rules,  and  regulations  relating  thereto  are  complied  with,  the 
officers  are  competent  and  faithful,  and  the  convicts  properly  governed 
and  employed,  and  at  the  same  time  treated  with  humanity  and  kind- 
ness. And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  inspector,  at  once,  to  make  full 
report  thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  War.  - 

*  *  * 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  December  12,  1878  (20  Stats.,  257). 

AN  ACT  establishing  the  rank  of  the  senior  inspector-general. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  rank  of  the  senior 
inspector-general  of  the  United  States  Army  shall  be  brigadier-gen- 
eral; but  no  pay  or  allowances  shall  be  made  to  said  officer  other  than 
from  the  date  of  appointment  under  this  act:  And  provided,  That 
nothing  herein  enacted  shall  authorize  any  increase  in  the  number  or 
the  rank  of  the  other  officers  of  the  Inspector-General's  Department 
as  fixed  by  the  first  section  of  the  act  of  June  twenty-third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy-four. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883 '(22  Stats.,  564). 

AN  ACT  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home  located  at  Washington,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Inspector-General  of  the  Army  shall,  in  person, 
once  in  each  year  thoroughly  inspect  the  Home,  its  records,  accounts, 


THE    INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S   DEPARTMENT.  115 

management,  discipline,  and  sanitary  condition,  and  shall  report 
thereon  in  writing,  together  with  such  suggestions  as  he  desires  to 
make. 


Act  of  February  5,  1885  (23  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  relative  to  the  Inspector-General's  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Inspector-General's  Department  of  the  Army  shall  here- 
after consist  of  one  Inspector-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  brigadier-general;  two  inspectors-general,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonel;  two  inspectors-general,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonel;  and  two  inspectors-general, 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  major:  Provided,  That  the  offices 
restored  to  the  Inspector-General's  Department,  or  added  thereto, 
by  this  act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  of  the  officers  now  in  that 
Department;  and  that  thereafter  appointments  to  fill  vacancies  in  the 
Inspector-General's  Department,  and  promotions  therein,  shall  be  made 
in  conformity  with  sections  eleven  hundred  and  twenty-nine,  eleven 
hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  twelve  hundred  and  four  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  same  manner  as  in  the  other 
staff  departments  of  the  Army.  And  all  laws  or  parts  of  laws  conflict- 
ing with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Act  of  January  19,  1891  (26  Stats.,  722). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  sections  thirteen  hundred  and  forty-six  and  thirteen  hundred  and 
forty-eight  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  in  reference  to  the  visita- 
tion and  inspection  of  the  Military  Prison  and  examination  of  its  accounts  and 
government. 

*  *  * 

"Sec.  1348.  One  of  the  inspectors-general  of  the  Army  shall,  at 
Least  once  each  year,  visit  the  prison  for  the  purpose  of  examining  into 
the  books  and  all  the  affairs  thereof,  and  ascertaining  whether  the  laws, 
rules,  and  regulations  relating  thereto  are  complied  with,  the  officers 
are  competent  and  faithful,  and  the  convicts  properly  governed  and 
employed,  and  at  the  same  time  treated  with  humanity  and  kindness. 
And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  inspector,  at  once,  to  make  full  report 
thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  War." 


Act  of  August  6,  189 %  (28  Stats.,  233). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  ana  ninety-five,  ana  for  other  purposes. 


FOR   PAY   OF   THE   GENERAL   STAFF. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  .  .  .  hereafter  all  appointments  to  fill 
vacancies  in  the  lowest  grade  in  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General's  .  .  . 
Department,  respectively,  shall  be  made  from  the  next  lowest  grade 
in  the  line  of  the  Army. 


116       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  0".   S.    ARMY. 

Act  of  August  18,  189 %  (28  Stats.,  372). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  -x-  -x- 

NATIONAL   HOME    FOR   DISABLED   VOLUNTEER   SOLDIERS. 

-x-  *  * 

That  hereafter,  once  in  each  fiscal  year,  the  Secretary  of  War  shall 
cause  a  thorough  inspection  to  be  made  of  the  National  Home  for  Dis- 
abled Volunteer  Soldiers,  its  records,  disbursements,  management, 
discipline,  and  condition,  such  inspection  to  be  made  by  an  officer  of 
the  Inspector-General's  Department,  who  shall  report  thereon  in  writ- 
ing, and  said  report  shall  be  transmitted  to  Congress  at  the  first  session 

thereafter. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

■x-  -x-  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  armj^  corps  shall 
consist  of  .  .  .  one  inspector-general,  .  .  .  who  shall  have 
.  .  .  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel;  .  .  .  the  staff  of  the  com- 
mander of  a  division  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  one  inspector-general, 
.     .     .     who  shall  have     .     .     .     the  rank  of  major.     .     .     . 

Act  of  July  7,  1898  (30  Stats.,  720). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  temporary  increase  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department 

of  the  Army. 

That  the  President  is  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  one  inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel, 
one  inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  one 
inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  major:  Provided,  That  the  vacan- 
cies created  in  the  grade  of  colonel  and  lieutenant-colonel  by  this  act 
shall  be  filled  by  the  promotion  of  officers  now  in  the  Inspector-General's 
Department  according  to  senioritj7,  and  that  upon  the  mustering  out  of 
the  volunteer  forces  and  the  reduction  of  the  Regular  Army  to  a  peace 
basis  no  appointments  shall  be  made  in  the  Inspector-General's  Depart- 
ment until  the  number  of  officers  in  each  grade  in  that  department  shall 
be  reduced  to  the  number  now  authorized  by  law. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  shall  consist  of  ...  an  Inspector-General's  Depart- 
ment.    .     .     . 


THE   INSPECTOR-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  117 

Sec.  6.  That  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General's  departments  shall 
consist  of  the  number  of  officers  now  in  those  departments,  respectively: 
Provided,  That  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  major  occurring  in  either 
department  shall  hereafter  be  filled  from  captains  in  the  line  of  the 
Army :  And  provided  further,  That  all  such  captains  who  have  evinced 
marked  aptitude  in  the  command  of  troops  shall  be  reported  by  their 
regimental  commanders  to  the  War  Department  and  shall  be  entitled 
to  compete  for  any  such  vacancy  under  such  system  of  examination  as 
the  President  shall  prescribe. 

»  .  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  or  to  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Three  inspectors-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  six 
inspectors-general  with  the  rank  of  major. 


Act  of  February  2,  1901  (31  Stats., ). 

AN  ACT  To  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  Act  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  ...  an  Inspector- 
General's  Department.     ... 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  Inspector-General's  Department  shall  consist  of 
one  Inspector-General  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  four  inspect- 
ors-general with  the  rank  of  colonel,  four  inspectors-general  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  eight  inspectors-general  with  the  rank 
of  major:  Provided,  That  all  vacancies  created  or  caused  by  this  section 
shall  be  filled,  as  far  as  possible,  by  promotion  according  to  seniority 
of  officers  of  the  Inspector-General's  Department. 

•  •  * 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  perma- 
nent appointments  in  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General's  Department, 
including  those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  cap- 
tain and  first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen, 
seventeen,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-four  of   this  Act,  they  shall  be 

Eromoted  according  to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided 
y  law,  and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  Be  deemed  to  apply  to 
vacancies  which  can  be  filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for 
which  the  officers  so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when 
any  vacancy,  except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps, 
shall  occur,  which  can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this 
section,  it  shall  be  filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no 
more  permanent  appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or 
corps  after  the  original  vacancies  created  by  this  Act  shall  have  been 
filled.  Such  details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacan- 
cies exist,  under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  may 
from  time  to  time  prescribe. 


118      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 
for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
departmant  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
Act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  Act  tne  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


Act  of  March  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  —). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

*  *  * 

Provided,  That  upon  the  occurrence  of  a  vacancy  in  the  grade  of 
colonel  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department  after  the  present  lieu- 
tenant-colonels therein  shall  have  been  promoted  or  retired,  such 
vacancy  shall  not  be  filled,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  officers  author- 
ized for  that  department  shall  be  as  follows:  One  Inspector-General 
with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general;  three  inspectors-general  with  the 
rank  of  colonel;  four  inspectors-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  nine  inspectors-general  with  the  rank  of  major. 

*  *  * 

Provided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  in  the  lowest 
grade  in  the  .  .  .  Inspector-General's  Department  .  .  .  may 
be  made  from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April  twenty- 
first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight.     .     .     . 


IV.-THE  JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


119 


THE  JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 


The  offices  of  "Judge-Advocate-General"  and  "Judge-Advocate  of 
the  Army"  (the  first  named,  created  in  1775,  when  William  Tudor,  a 
law  pupil  of  John  Adams  and  a  leading  counselor  of  Boston,  was 
elected  to  that  position)  lapsed  in  1802,  the  act  of  March  16,  of  that 
year,  limiting  the  line  of  the  Army  to  three  regiments.  The  last 
named  was  revived  by  the  act  of  January  11,  1812,  and  again  discon- 
tinued on  the  reorganization  of  the  Army  in  1821.  The  act  of  March  2, 
1849,  authorized  the  President  to  appoint  a  suitable  person  as  Judge- 
Advocate  of  the  Army.  The  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  was  created 
June  20,  1864,  but  by  the  act  of  July  5, 1884,  it  was,  with  the  corps 
of  judge-advocates,  consolidated  under  the  title  of  "Judge-Advocate- 
General's  Department." 

1775-1802. 

July  29, 177*5.— Lieut.  Col.  William  Tudor. 

Apr.  10, 1777. — Lieut.  Col.  John  Lawrence. 

July     9, 1782. — James  Innis,  esq. 

Sept.  18, 1782.— Maj.  Richard  Howell. 

Oct.      2, 1782. — Lieut.  Thomas  Edwards,  Ninth  Massachusetts. 

June    2, 1797. — Capt.  Campbell  Smith,  Fourth  Infantry. 

1812-1821. 

Northern  Division. 

Sept.  26, 1812.— Maj.  Thomas  Gales  ( ). 

Aug.     6, 1814. — Henry  Wheaton,  esq.  (New  York). 

1817.— Rider  H.  Winder,  esq.  (Maryland). 

1818. — Samuel  H.  Storrow,  esq.  (Massachusetts). 

Southern  Division. 

Mar.  18, 1813.— Everett  A.  Bancker,  esq.  (New  York) . 
July     9, 1814. — Rider  H.  Winder,  esq.  (Maryland). 

1815. — James  T.  Dent,  esq.  (Georgia). 

1818. — Samuel  H.  Storrow,  esq.  (Massachusetts). 
Sept.  10, 1818. — Stockley  D.  Hays,  esq.  (Tennessee). 

1849-1901. 

Mar.     2, 1849. — Bvt.  Maj.  John  F.  Lee,  captain  of  ordnance  (Virginia). 

Jul  v  81, 1862.— Maj.  Levi  C.  Turner  (New  York) . 

S.p't .    :;,  1862.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.  June  22, 1864)  Joseph  Holt  (District  of  Columbia) . 

Dec.     1, 1875. — Brig.  Gen.  William  McK.  Dunn  (Indiana). 

Feb.  18, 1881.— Brig.  Gen.  David  G.  Swaim  (Ohio). 

Jan.     3, 1895.— Brig.  Gen.  Guido  N.  Lieber  (New  York). 

121 


THE   JT  DGE-ADYOCATE-GENERAI/S   DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN   (CONTINENTAL)    CONGRESS. 

July  29,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the.     .     .     .     be     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Judge- Advocate,  twenty  dollars  per  do.  (month). 

*  *  * 

William  Tudor,  esq.,  was  elected  Judge- Advocate  of  the  Army. 

July  SO,  1775. — "William  Tudor,  esq.,  being  appointed  Judge- Advocate  of  the 
Continental  Army,  he  is  in  all  things  relative  to  his  office  to  be  acknowledged  and 
obeyed  as  such."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

September  21,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  pay  of  the  Judge-Advocate  in  the 
Army  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  for  himself  and  his  clerk,  be  fifty 
dollars  per  month  from  the  time  of  his  appointment. 

January  7,  1776. — "That  no  mistake  in  regard  to  the  said  articles  [new  Articles  of 
War]  may  possibly  happen,  each  book  is  .  .  .  countersigned  upon  the  title 
page  by  William  Tudor,  esq.,  Judge- Advocate  of  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

May  6,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  John  Taylor  be  appointed  judge-advocate  to  the 
continental  troops  in  the  colony  of  Virginia. 

August  10,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  William  Tudor,  Judge-Advocate-General,  have  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

September  20,  1776. 

Congress  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  Articles  of  War,  which, 
being  debated  by  paragraphs,  were  agreed  to,  as  follows: 
»  *  * 

SECTION  xrv. 

♦  *  * 

Art.  3.  The  Judge- Advocate-General,  or  some  person  deputed  by 
him,  shall  prosecute  in  the  name  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

•  *  # 

123 


124       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

October  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follows:     .     .     . 

To  the     .     .     .     deputy  judge-advocate,  6  rations,     .     .     . 

April  10,  1777. — "John  Lawrence,  esq.,  is  appointed  judge-advocate  in  the  room 
of  William  Tudor,  esq.,  who  has  resigned."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morris- 
toum.) 

April  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  pay  of  the  judge-advocate  be  raised  to 
60  dollars  a  month. 

May  27,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  if  General  Gates,  before  General  Schuyler's  arrival 
at  Albany,  shall  have  appointed  a  .  .  .  deputy  judge-advocate  for 
the  northern  army,  the  said  appointments  be  confirmed;  if  not,  that 
General  Schuyler  be  empowered  to  make  these  appointments. 

June  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  judge-advocate  in  the  northern  army,  and 
the  deputy  judge-advocate  of  the  division  of  the  Army  now  at  Peek's- 
Kill,  be  allowed  the  rank,  pay,  and  rations  of  captains. 

November  20, 1777. — "Lieutenant  John  Marshall  is,  by  the  Judge- Ad  vocate-Genenil, 
appointed  deputy  judge-advocate  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States."  (Orders,  Gen- 
eral Headquarters,  White-Marsh. ) 

February  5,  1778. — To  assist  and  cooperate  with  the  judge-advocate  in  conducting 
the  trial  of  general  officers  who  were  in  the  Northern  Department  when  Ticon- 
deroga  and  Mount  Independence  were  evacuated,  Congress  authorized  the  appoint- 
ment of  two  counselors,  and  elected  Jonathan  D.  Sergeant,  esq.,  attorney-general  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  William  Patterson,  esq.,  attorney-general  of  New  Jersey. 

February  17,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier  R.  Howe's  appointment  of  Henry  Puree!  1, 
to  be  deputy  judge-advocate-general  for  the  States  of  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  be  confirmed. 

March  <27,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  John  Lawrence,  esq.,  Judge- Advocate-General,  be 
hereafter  allowed  75  dollars  per  month,  his  former  rations,  and  forage 
for  two  horses. 

November  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commanding  officer  in  the  Southern  Department 
be  empowered,  if  he  shall  find  it  necessary,  to  appoint  a  deputy  judge- 
advocate  for  the  troops  in  Georgia,  to  act  so  long  as  occasion  requires, 
and  to  be  entitled  to  the  usual  monthly  pay  and  allowance. 


THE    JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GEKEEAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  125 

November  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  executive  authority  of  the 
respective  States,  upon  the  application  of  the  judge-advocate  for  that 
purpose,  to  grant  proper  writs  requiring  and  compelling  the  person 
or  persons  whose  attendance  shall  be  requested  by  the  said  judge  to 
appear  and  give  testimony  in  any  cause  depending  before  a  court- 
martial:  and  that  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the  several 
States  to  vest  the  necessary  powers  for  the  purposes  aforesaid  in  their 
executive  authorities,  if  the  same  be  not  already  done. 

Resolved,  That  in  cases  not  capital  in  trials  in  court-martial,  deposi- 
tions may  be  given  in  evidence,  provided  the  prosecutor  and  person 
accused  are  present  at  the  taking  of  the  same. 

December  21,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  the  subsistence 
of  a  judge-advocate  be  the  same  as  the  present  subsistence  of  a  col- 
onel; and  that  the  subsistence  of  a  deputy  judge-advocate  be  the  same 
as  the  present  subsistence  of  a  lieutenant-colonel. 

December  24,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  on  the  trials  of  cases  not  capital  before  courts-martial, 
the  depositions  of  witnesses  not  in  the  line  or  staff  of  the  Army  may 
be  taken  before  some  justice  of  the  peace,  and  read  in  evidence,  pro- 
vided the  prosecutor  and  person  accused  are  present  at  the  taking  the 
same,  or  that  notice  be  given  of  the  times  and  places  of  taking  such 
depositions  to  the  opposite  party  four  da}7s  previous  thereto,  when  the 
witness  reside  within  the  distance  of  thirty  miles  from  such  party,  and 
six  days  when  the  witness  reside  above  the  distance  of  thirty,  and  not 
exceeding  eighty  miles,  and  a  reasonable  time  for  a  greater  distance. 

»  *  * 

R,  sol r,  (I,  That  to  encourage  witnesses  who  do  not  belong  to  the 
Army  to  attend  on  courts-martial  and  give  their  evidence  viva  voce 
when  required  by  the  judge-advocate,  the  reasonable  expenses  of  such 
witnesses  shall  be  defrayed  by  the  United  States,  and  paid  by  the  pay- 
in;i-ter  to  the  board  of  war  and  ordnance,  being  first  adjusted  by  the 
said  board. 

hrcember  24,  1779. — "The  honorable  the  Board  of  War,  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen,  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers 
of  the  .  .  .  staff,  who  are  not  adopted  hy  any  State,  the  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  Hum.  upon  returns  signed  by  the  .  .  .  heads  of  the  following  corps  and 
departments  at  the  rates  directed  by  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  November 
la>t.  .  .  .  Judge- Advocate."  .  .  .  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morris- 
ii, iiu. ) 

April 9,  1780. — "Lieutenant  Edwards,  of  Col.  Jackson's  regiment,  is  appointed 
deputy  judge-advocate  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Morri8town.) 

July  15, 1780. 

llrsol i<<'d.  Thai  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 
by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 


126       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

rate  army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  baggage 
wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to  wit: 

*  *  * 

Judge- Advocate 1  two-horse  wagon  or  2  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Deputy  judge-advocate  with  a  separate  army 1  two-horse  wagon  or  2  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition     .      .     .     there  be  issued     ...     as 
many  rations  as  the  service  shall  require. 
.     .     .     Judge-Advocate,  two.     .     .     . 

November  10,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  salary  of  John  Lawrence,  as  Judge-Advocate, 
be  settled  at  the  rate  of  60  dollars  per  month,  from  the  time  of  his 
appointment  to  the  27th  of  March,  1778,  and  from  that  day  to  the  1st 
of  August  last,  at  the  rate  of  75  dollars  per  month;  that  the  deprecia- 
tion on  his  pay  shall  be  adjusted  on  the  same  principles  as  are  directed 
with  respect  to  that  part  of  the  line  of  the  Army  which  is  to  be  pro- 
vided for  by  Congress;  that  from  the  first  day  of  August  last,  his  pay 
and  appointments  be  140  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per  day,  exclu- 
sive of  what  is  allowed  to  the  office  by  the  arrangement  of  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department. 

That  Mr.  Edwards,  besides  his  pay  as  a  lieutenant,  shall  be  entitled 
to  an  addition  of  15  dollars  per  month  as  deputy  judge-advocate,  and 
that  Mr.  Strong  shall,  in  all  respects,  excepting  the  rank  of  lieutenant, 
be  entitled  to  the  pay  and  appointments  provided  for  Mr.  Edwards 
for  the  time  he  hath  or  shall  continue  to  execute  the  office  of  deputy 
judge-advocate. 

September  28,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  it  be,  and  hereby  is,  recommended  to  the  States  of 
which  the  Judge- Advocate  and  his  assistants  are  respectively  inhabit- 
ants to  settle  with  them  for  the  depreciation  of  their  pay  on  the  prin- 
ciples adopted  in  settlements  with  the  officers  of  their  respective  State 
line. 

June  8,  1782. — Congress  accepted  the  resignation  of  John  Lawrence,  Judge- 
Advocate. 

July  9,  1782. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  Judge- Advocate  for  the 
Army,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

James  Innis,  esq.,  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 
by  Mr.  Bland,  Va. 

July  11,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  Judge- Advocate  for  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  be  75  dollars  per  month;  that  he  be  allowed  two  rations 
per  day,  and  12f-  dollars  per  month  for  subsistence;  also  a  two-horse 
wagon,  with  forage  for  two  saddle  horses;  that  he  be  also  allowed  for 
a  servant  6f  dollars  per  month,  for  which  servant  he  shall  be  entitled 
to  draw  the  rations  and  clothing  of  a  private  in  the  Army. 


THE  JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT.      127 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  a  deputy  judge-advocate  for  the  southern 
army,  "who  shall  be  taken  from  the  line,  be  60  dollars  per  month, 
including  his  pay  in  the  line;  that  he  be  allowed  two  rations  per  day, 
and  12f  dollars  per  month  for  subsistence,  including  what  he  may  be 
entitled  to  as  an  officer  in  the  line;  also  a  two-horse  wagon,  with  forage 
for  two  saddle  horses,  including  what  he  may  be  entitled  to  as  an  officer 
of  the  line;  that  he  be  also  allowed  for  a  servant  6f  dollars  per  month, 
for  which  servant  he  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  the  rations  and  clothing 
of  a  private  in  the  Army.  In  this  last  case  he  shall  not  be  allowed  a 
servant  from  the  line. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  judge-advocate  employed  in  the  same 
army  with  the  Judge-Advocate  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army, 
who  shall  receive,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  15  dollars  per 
month;  that  he  be"also  allowed  for  a  servant  the  same  as  the  Judge- 
Advocate,  and  that  he  be  allowed  forage  for  one  saddle  horse. 

Resolved,  That  all  resolutions  heretofore  passed  respecting  the  pay 
and  allowance  in  the  department  of  Judge-Advocate  be,  and  the  same 
are  hereby,  repealed. 

September  12,  1782. — Mr.  Innis  having  failed  to  signify  his  acceptance  and  it  having 
been  intimated  that  he  would  decline  the  office,  Congress,  September  18,  elected 
Major  Howell  in  his  place,  who,  in  turn,  declined  the  office  of  Judge-Advocate, 
October  1,  1782. 

September  18,  1782. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  Judge-Advocate,  and,  the 
i  ballots  being  taken, 

Major  Richard  Howell  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nomi- 
nated hy  Mr.  Boudinot. 

October  2,  1782. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  Judge-Advocate,  and,  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Lieutenant  Thomas  Edwards  was  elected,  having  been  previously 
nominated  by  Mr.  Duane. 

October  7,  1782.  "The  honorable  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  [has]  been 
pleased  by  their  resolutions  of  the  2d  October,  to  appoint  Lt.  Thomas  Edwards,  of 
tin-  9th  Massachusetts  Regt.,  to  be  Judge-Advocate  of  the  Army."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Verpank's  Point.) 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  rank  of  officers:     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Judge- Advocate,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  judge-advocate  for  the  southern  army,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

*  *  * 

That  there  shall  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

*  *  * 

Judge-Advocate,  2  rations. 

Deput}'  with  a  separate  army,  2  rations. 

*  *  * 

November  12,  1782.  "Lt.  Samuel  Cogswell,  of  the  9th  Massachusetts  Regt.,  is 
appointed  deputy  judge-advocate."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 


128       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1797  (1  Stats.,  507). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  and  repeal,  in  part,  the  act  entitled  '  'An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix 
the  military  establishment -of  the  United  States." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  judge-advocate,  who  shall 
be  taken  from  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  line,  and  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  two  rations  extra  per  day  and  twenty-five  dollars 
per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line;  and  whenever  forage 
shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  to  ten  dollars  per  month  in  lieu 

thereof. 

»  •  # 

Act  of  April  10, 1806  (2  Stats.,  359). 

AN  ACT  for  establishing  rules  and  articles  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the 

United  States. 


Article  69.  The  judge-advocate,  or  some  person  deputed  by  him, 
or  by  the  general  or  officer  commanding  the  army  detachment  or  gar- 
rison, shall  prosecute  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  but  shall  so 
far  consider  himself  as  counsel  for  the  prisoner,  after  the  said  prisoner 
shall  have  made  his  plea,  as  to  object  to  any  leading  question  to  any  of 
the  witnesses,  or  any  question  to  the  prisoner,  the  answer  to  which 
might  tend  to  criminate  himself;  and  administer  to  each  member  of  the 
court  before  they  proceed  upon  any  trial  the  following  oath:     .     . 

"You,  A.  B.,  do  swear  that  you  will  well  and  truly  try  and  deter- 
mine according  to  evidence  the  matter  now  before  you  between 
the  United  States  of  America  and  the  prisoner  to  be  tried,  and  that 
you  will  duly  administer  justice,  according  to  the  provisions  of  'An 
act  establishing  rules  and  articles  for  the  governnment  of  the  armies* 
of  the  United  States,'  without  partiality,  favor  or  affection;  and  if 
any  doubt  shall  arise,  not»explained  by  said  articles,  according  to  your 
conscience,  the  best  of  your  understanding,  and  the  custom  of  war  in 
like  cases;  and  you  do  further  swear  that  you  will  not  divulge  the 
sentence  of  the  court  until  it  shall  be  published  by  the  proper  authority; 
neither  will  you  disclose  or  discover  the  vote  or  opinion  of  any  partic- 
ular member  of  the  court-martial,  unless  required  to  give  evidence 
thereof  as  a  witness,  by  a  court  of  justice,  in  a  due  course  or  law.  So 
help  you  God." 

And  as  soon  as  the  said  oath  shall  have  been  administered  to  the 
respective  members  the  president  of  the  court  shall  administer  to  the 
judge- advocate,  or  person  officiating  as  such,  an  oath  in  the  following 
words: 

"You,  A.  B.,do  swear  that  you  will  not  disclose  or  discover  the 
vote  or  opinion  of  any  particular  member  of  the  court-martial,  unless 
required  to  give  evidence  thereof  as  a  witness,  by  a  court  of  justice,  in 
due  course  of  law;  nor  divulge  the  sentence  of  the  court,  to  any  but 
the  proper  authority,  until  it  shall  be  duly  disclosed  by  the  same.  So 
help  you  God." 


THE    JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL's    DEPARTMENT.  129 

Article  90.  Every  judge-advocate,  or  person  officiating  as  such,  at 
any  general  court-martial,  shall  transmit,  with  as  much  expedition  as 
the  opportunity  of  time  and  distance  of  place  can  admit,  the  original 
roceedings  and  sentence  of  such  court-martial  to  the  Secretary  of 
Var:  said  original  proceedings  and  sentence  shall  be  carefully  kept 
and  preserved  in  the  office  of  said  Secretary,  to  the  end  that  the  per- 
sons entitled  thereto  may  be  enabled,  upon  application  to  the  said 
office,  to  obtain  copies  thereof. 


«v 


Act  of  January  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 

*  -x-  * 

Sec.  19.  That  there  shall  be  appointed  to  each  division  a  judge- 
advocate,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  a 
major  in  the  infantry;  or,  if  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  shall  be 
entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pa}',  and  the  same 
allowance  for  forage  as  is  allowed  by  law  for  a  major  of  infantry. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  may  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  any  pa}'  or  emoluments 
until  he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time 
than  ho  shall  continue  therein. 

May  17,  1815.  .  .  .  The  acta  of  Congress  .  .  .  remain  in  force;  as  well  as 
certain  acts  authorizing  the  appointment  of  judge-advocates.  .  .  .  (General 
Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office.) 

Act  of  April  %  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  2.  That  .  .  .  there  be  three  judge-advocates  to  each  divi- 
sion .  .  .  who  shall  «reeeive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major, 
as  heretofore  allowed. 


Act  of  April  /./,,  t818  (■>'  Stats.,  1,26). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 

That  so  much  of  the  .  .  .  "act  for  organizing  the  general  staff, 
and  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States," 
passed  April  24, 1816,  as  relates  to  .  .  .  judge-advocates  .  .  . 
be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  judge-advocate,  with  the  pay 
and  emoluments  of  a  topographical  engineer,  to  each  division.  .  .  . 
*  *  * 

S.  Doc.  229 9 


130       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  March  2,  181,9  (9  Stats.,  351). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  an  increase  of  the  medical  staff  and  for  an  additional  number 
of  chaplains  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

-::•  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  a  suitable  person 
as  judge-advocate  for  the  Army,  to  be  taken  from  the  captains  in  the 
Army,  who  shall  have  the  brevet  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major 
of  cavalry.     .     .     . 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  {12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty-eighth, 
seventeen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  acts  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

-::•  -x-  x- 

Sec.  5.  That  the  President  shall  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  a  Judge- Advocate-General,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry,  to  whose  office  shall  be  returned 
for  revision  the  records  and  proceedings  of  all  the  courts-martial  and 
military  commissions,  and  where  a  record  shall  be  kept  of  all  proceed- 
ings had  thereupon.  And  no  sentence  of  death  or  imprisonment  in  the 
penitentiary  shall  be  carried  into  execution  until  the  same  shall  have 
been  approved  by  the  President. 

Sec.  6.  That  there  may  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  each  army  in  the  field  a 
judge-advocate,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  each  of  a  major 
of  cavalry,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  of  judge-advocate  for  the 
army  to  which  they  respective^  belong,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Judge-Advocate-General. 


Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  743). 

AN  ACT  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  28.  That  the  judge-advocate  shall  have  power  to  appoint  a 
reporter,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  record  the  proceedings  of  and  testi- 
mony taken   before   military  courts,  instead  of   the  judge-advocate. 


Act  of  March  3,  1863(12  Stats.,  744). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
year  ending  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  and  for  the  year  ending 
the  30  (th)  of  June,  1863,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  every  judge-advocate  of  a  court-martial  or  court  of 
inquiry  hereafter  to  be  constituted  shall  have  power  to  issue  the  like 
process  to  compel  witnesses  to  appear  and  testify  which  courts  of 
criminal  jurisdiction  within  the  State,  Territory,  or  district  where 
such  military  courts  shall  be  ordered  to  sit  may  lawfully  issue. 


THE   JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  131 

Act  of  June  20th,  186 4  (13  Stats.,  1U). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  pay  of  soldiers  in  the  United  States  Army,  and  for  other 

purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  there  shall  be  attached  to,  and  made  a  part  of,  the  War 
Department,  during  the  continuance  of  the  present  rebellion,  a  bureau, 
to  be  known  as  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice,  to  which  shall  be 
returned  fur  revision  the  records  and  proceedings  of  all  the  courts- 
martial,  courts  of  inquiry ,  and  militaiy  commissions  of  the  armies  of 
the  United  States,  and  in  which  a  record  shall  be  kept  of  all  proceed- 
ings had  thereupon. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  President  shall  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  as  the  head  of  said  Bureau,  a  Judge- Advocate- 
General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a  brigadier-general, 
and  an  Assistant  Judge-Advocate-General  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
allowances  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry.  And  the  said  Judge-Advocate- 
General  and  his  assistant  shall  receive,  revise,  and  have  recorded  the 
proceedings  of  the  courts-martial,  courts  of  inquiry,  and  military  com- 
missions of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  and  perform  such  other 
duties  as  have  heretofore  been  performed  by  the  Judge-Advocate- 
General  of  the  armies  of  the  United" States. 


Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

A  X  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  shall  hereafter  consist 
of  one  Judge-Advocate-General,  with  the  rank,  pa}^,  and  emoluments4of 
a  brigadier-general,  and  one  Assistant  Judge- Advocate-General,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry;  and  the  said 
Judge- Advocate-General  shall  receive,  revise,  and  have  recorded  the 
proceedings  of  all  courts-martial,  courts  of  inquiry,  and  military  com- 
missions, and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  have  been  heretofore 
performed  by  the  Judge-Advocate-General  of  the  Arm}'.  And  of  the 
judge-advocates  now  in  office  there  may  be  retained  a  number  not 
exceeding  ten,  to  be  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall  per- 
form their  duties  under  the  direction  of  the  Judge-  Advocate-Gen  era  I 
until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  or  until  the  Secretary  of  War  shall 
decide  that  their  services  can  be  dispensed  with. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  February  25,  1867  (U  Stats.,  410). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  section  twelve,  chapter  two  handled  Bad  ninety-nine,  of  the  laws 
of  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress. 

That  the  last  clause  of  section  twelve,  of  chapter  two  hundred  and 
ninety-nine  of  the  laws  of  first  session  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  approved 
.1  uly  twenty-eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  is  hereby  amended 
by  repealing  all  after  and  including  the  words  "until  otherwise  pro- 
vided by  law,'1  so  as  to  place  the  judge-advocates  thereby  authorized 
to  be  retained  in  service  upon  the  same  footing  in  respect  of  tenure  of 
office  and  otherwise  as  other  officers  of  the  Army  of  tne  United  States. 


132       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  April  10,  1869  (16  Stats.,  U)- 
AN  ACT  to  declare  and  fix  the  status  of  judge-advocate  of  the  Army. 

That  the  number  of  judge-advocates  of  the  Army  be,  and  the  same 
is  herebjr,  fixed  at  eight,  and  the  President  is  hereby  authorized,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  fill  all  vacancies 
which  have  occurred  or  may  hereafter  occur  therein. 

Act  of  June  23,  18? %  (18  Stats.,  %M). 

AN  ACT  reorganizing  the  several  staff  corps  of  the  Army, 
-x-  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  shall  hereafter  consist 
of  one  Judge-Advocate-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
a  brigadier-general;  and  the  said  Judge- Advocate-General  shall  receive, 
revise,  and  have  recorded  the  proceedings  of  all  courts-martial,  courts 
of  inquiry,  and  military  commissions,  and  shall  perform  such  other 
duties  as  have  been  heretofore  performed  by  the  Judge-Advocate- 
General  of  the  Army.  In  the  corps  of  judge-advocates  no  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  as  vacancies  shall  occur  until  the  number  shall  be 
reduced  to  four,  which  shall  hereafter  be  the  permanent  number  of  the 
officers  of  that  corps. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  law  herein  made  reducing 
the  number  of  officers  in  any  department  or  corps  of  the  staff. 

*  *  * 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2ND  EDITION- 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

A  Bureau  of  Military  Justice. 
Eight  judge-advocates. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1198.  The  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  shall  consist  of  one  Judge- 
Advocate-General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and  one  Assist- 
ant Judge- Advocate-General,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1199.  The  Judge-Advocate-General  shall  receive,  revise,  and 
cause  to  be  recorded  the  proceedings  of  all  courts-martial,  courts  of 
inquiry,  and  military  commissions,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as 
have  been  performed  heretofore  by  the  Judge- Advocate-General  of 
the  Army. 

Sec.  1200.  There  shall  be  eight  judge-advocates  of  the  Army,  with 
the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1201.  Judge-advocates  shall  perform  their  duties  under  the 
direction  of  the  Judge- Advocate-General. 

Sec.  1202.  Every  judge-advocate  of  a  court-martial  shall  have  power 
to  issue  the  like  process  to  compel  witnesses  to  appear  and  testify 
which  courts  of  criminal  jurisdiction  within  the  State,  Territory,  or 
district  where  such  military  courts  shall  be  ordered  to  sit  may  law- 
fully issue. 


THE  JUDGE- ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT.      133 

Sec.  1203.  The  judge-advocate  of  a  military  court  shall  have  power 
to  appoint  a  reporter,  who  shall  report  the  proceedings  of,  and  testi- 
mony taken  before,  such  court,  and  may  set  down  the  same,  in  the  first 
instance,  in  shorthand.  The  reporter  shall,  before  entering  upon  his 
duty,  be  sworn,  or  affirmed,  faithfully  to  perform  the  same. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  1342.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Art.  90.  The  judge-advocate  shall  prosecute  in  the  name  of  the 
United  States,  but  when  the  prisoner  has  made  his  plea,  or  when  the 
same  has  been  entered  by  order  of  the  court,  he  shall  so  far  consider 
himself  counsel  for  the  prisoner  as  to  object  to  any  leading  question 
to  any  of  the  witnesses,  and  to  any  question  to  the  prisoner,  the  answer 
to  which  might  tend  to  criminate  himself. 

Art.  91.  The  depositions  of  witnesses  residing  beyond  the  limits  of 
the  State,  Territory,  or  district  in  which  any  military  court  may  be 
ordered  to  sit,  if  taken  on  reasonable  notice  to  the  opposite  party  and 
duly  authenticated,  may  be  read  in  evidence  before  such  court  in  cases 
not  capital. 

Art.  92.  All  persons  who  give  evidence  before  a  court-martial  shall 
be  examined  on  oath  or  affirmation  in  the  following  form:  "  You  swear 
(or  affirm)  that  the  evidence  you  shall  give,  in  the  case  now  in  hearing, 
shall  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth.    So  help 

vou  God." 

*  *  * 

Art.  113.  Every  judge-advocate,  or  person  acting  as  such,  at  any 
general  court-martial,  shall,  with  as  much  expedition  as  the  opportunity 
of  time  and  distance  of  place  may  admit,  forward  the  original  pro- 
ceedings and  sentence  of  such  court  to  the  Judge-Advocate-General  of 
the  Army,  in  whose  office  they  shall  be  carefully  preserved. 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  664). 

AN  ACT  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home,  located  at  Washington,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  board  of  commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
shall  hereafter  consist  of    .    .    .    the  J  udge- Advocate-General.    .    .    . 

*  *  * 

Act  <>f  July  r>,  1884  (23  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  to  consolidate  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  and  the  Corps  of  Judge- Advo- 
cates of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice  and  the  Corps  of  J  udge- Advocates 
of  the  Army  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  consolidated  under  the  title 
of  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department,  and  shall  consist  of  one 
J  udge- Advocate-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a 
colonel;  three  deputy  judge-ad vocate-gcnerals,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 


134      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

allowances  of  lieutenant-colonels,  and  three  judge-advocates,  with  the 
rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  majors;  the  colonels  and  lieutenant-colonels 
to  be  selected  by  seniority  from  the  present  Corps  of  Judge-Advocates. 
And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  detail  such  number 
of  officers  of  the  line  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  serve  as  acting  judge- 
advocates  of  military  departments,  who  shall  have  while  on  such  duty 
the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  captains  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  2.  Promotions  in  the  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department,  as 
provided  in  the  first  section  of  this  act,  shall  be  by  seniority  up  to  and 
including  the  rank  of  colonel. 

Sec.  3.  That  nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  to  interfere  with  the 
rank  or  position  of  any  officer  now  holding  a  commission  in  either  the 
Bureau  of  Military  Justice  or  Corps  of  Judge- Advocates. 

Act  of  July  27,  1892  (27  Stats.,  277). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  Articles  of  War,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  whenever  a  court-martial  shall  sit  in  closed  session,  the 
judge-advocate  shall  withdraw,  and  when  his  legal  advice  or  his  assist 
ance  in  referring  to  recorded  evidence  is  required,  it  shall  be  obtained 

in  open  court. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  judge-advocates  of  departments  and  of  courts-martial, 
.  .  .  are  hereby  authorized  to  administer  oaths,  for  the  purposes 
of  the  administration  of  military,  justice,  and  for  other  purposes  of 

militarv  administration. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall 
consist  of     .     .      .     one  judge-advocate,     .     .     .     who  shall  have 

.     .     .     the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.     ... 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of  ...  a  Judge-Advocate-General's 
Department.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department  .  .  . 
shall  consist  of  the  officers  .  .  .  now  provided  by  law:  .  .  . 
And  provided,  also,  That  no  person  in  civil  life  shall  hereafter  be 
appointed  a  judge-advocate  .  .  .  until  he  shall  have  passed  satis- 
factorily such  examination  as  to  his  moral,  mental,  and  physical  quali- 
fications as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  President;  and  no  such  person 
shall  be  appointed  wno  is  more  than  forty-four  years  of  age:  Provided 


THE   JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S    DEPARTMENT.  135 

further,  That  in  case  of  the  appointment  of  an  officer  who  has  served 
in  a  similar  capacity  during  the  war  with  Spain,  and  has  demonstrated 
his  moral,  mental,  and  physical  qualifications  for  the  position,  then 
such  an  examination  shall  not  be  required. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in  serv- 
ice or  to  appoint  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 
Five  judge-advocates  with  the  rank  of  major. 


Act  of  February  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  —). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  ...  a  Judge- Advocate-General's 
Department.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  15.  That  the  Judge-Advocate-General's  Department  shall  con- 
sist of  one  Judge- Advocate-General  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general, 
two  judge-advocates  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  three  judge-advocates 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  six  judge-advocates  with  the  rank 
of  major,  and  for  each  geographical  department  or  tactical  division  of 
troops  not  provided  with  a  judge-advocate  from  the  list  of  officers  hold- 
ing permanent  commissions  in  the  Judge- Advocate-General's  Depart- 
ment one  acting  judge-advocate  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of 
captain,  mounted.  Promotions  to  vacancies  above  the  grade  of  major, 
created  or  caused  by  this  act,  shall  be  made,  according  to  seniority, 
from  officers  now  holding  commission  in  the  Judge- Advocate-General's 
Department.  Vacancies  created  or  caused  by  this  act  in  the  grade  of 
major  may  be  filled  by  appointment  of  officers  holding  commissions  as 
judge-advocate  of  volunteers  since  April  twenty-first,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  ninety-eight.  Vacancies  which  may  occur  thereafter  in  the 
grade  of  major  in  the  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department  shall  be 
filled  by  the  appointment  of  officers  of  the  line,  or  of  persons  who  have 
satisfactorily  served  as  judge-advocates  of  volunteers  since  April 
twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  or  of  persons  from 
civil  life  who  at  date  of  appointment  are  not  over  thirty-five  years  of 
age  and  who  shall  pass  a  satisfactory  examination  to  be  prescribed  by 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

Acting  juage-advocates  provided  for  herein  shall  be  detailed  from 
officers  of  the  grades  of  captain  or  first  lieutenant  of  the  line  of  the 
Army  who  while  so  serving  shall  continue  to  hold  their  commissions 
in  the  arm  of  the  service  to  which  they  permanently  belong.  Upon 
completion  of  a  tour  of  duty  not  exceeding  four  years  they  shall  be 
returned  to  the  aim  in  which  commissioned,  and  shall  not  be  again 
detailed  until  they  shall  have  completed  two  years'  duty  with  the  arm 
of  the  service  in  which  commissioned. 


136      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

Sec.  26.  .  .  .  That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position 
of  chief  of  any  staff  corps  or  department  the  President  ma}7  appoint  to 
such  vacancies,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  offi- 
cers of  the  Army  at  large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  who  shall  hold  office  for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in 
the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the 
appointment  of  an  officer  below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said 
office,  said  chief  shall,  while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and 
allowances  now  provided  for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department. 
And  any  officer  now  holding  office  in  an}7  corps  or  department  who 
shall  hereafter  serve  as  chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall 
subsequently  be  retired,  shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allow- 
ances authorized  by  law  for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  depart- 
ment chief:  Provided,  That  so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers 
of  any  staff  corps  or  department  holding  permanent  appointments,  the 
chief  of  such  staff  corps  or  department  shall  be  selected  from  the  offi- 
cers so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  an}7  time  exceeds  the  number  author- 
ized by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until 
the  number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


Act  of  March  0,  1901  {31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

*  *  * 

Provided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  in  the  lowest 
grade  in  the  .  .  .  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department.  .  .  . 
may  be  made  from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April 
twenty -first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight.     .     .     .. 


V.-THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 


187 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 


The  earliest  legislation  relating  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department 
dates  from  June  16,  1775,  when  Congress  "  resolved  that  there  be  one 
Quartermaster-General  for  the  grand  Army  and  one  deputy  under  him 
for  the  separate  army,"  and  May  14,  1777,  Congress  adopted  regula- 
tions for  the  guidance  of  the  Quartermaster-General  and  his  assistants. 

The  resignation  of  General  Mifflin  (the  first  Quartermaster-General), 
November  7, 1777,  made  the  condition  of  that  Department,  without  an 
ostensible  head  and  with  an  organization  to  a  certain  extent  defective 
and  incomplete,  a  subject  of  much  solicitude  to  General  Washington. 

February  5, 1778,  Congress  adopted  the  following  plan  for  carrying 
into  execution  the  business  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department: 

First.  The  military  line  to  be  styled  the  Quartermaster-General's, 
which  is  to  include  the  regulating  of  marches,  encampments,  order  of 
battle,  etc.,  as  described  in  the  books  of  the  profession.  This  officer 
not  to  have  the  disposal  of  public  money,  except  small  occasional  sums 
for  defraying  petty  expenses  in  the  Army. 

Second.  The  commissary  of  forage,  who  is  to  be  confined  to  that 
article  in  his  purchases. 

Third.  The  commissary  for  horses  and  wagons. 

Fourth.  The  agents  for  the  purchase  of  tents,  entrenching  tools, 
building  of  barracks,  and  for  all  the  smaller  supplies  of  the  Depart- 
ment. 

The  three  last  to  be  governed  in  their  purchases  by  the  estimates 
and  orders  of  the  Quartermaster-General  or  the  Board  of  War. 

April  17,  1779,  the  Quartermaster-General  was  directed  to  estab- 
lish regulations  for  the  conduct,  mustering'  and  paying  of  a  corps  of 
wagoners. 

July  15,  1780,  Congress  resolved  that  there  be  one  Quartermaster- 
General  and  one  assistant  quartermaster-general,  to  be  appointed  by 
Congress,  and  one  deputy  quartermaster  for  each  army,  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Quartermaster-General,  and  promulgated  a  code  of  regulations 
for  the  government  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

July  25,  1785,  the  " Department  of  Quartermaster-General"  ceased 
to  exist. 

The  Quartermaster's  Department,  eo  nomine,  was  first  organized 
under  the  act  of  March  28,  1812.  Under  its  provisions  the  office  of 
"purveyor  of  public  supplies"  was  abolished  and  its  duties  divided 
between  the  Quartermaster's  and  the  Purchasing  Departments. 

The  Army  Register  of  May  1,  1813,  under  authority  of  the  act  of 
March  3,  same  year,  defined  the  respective  duties  of  the  Quartermas- 
ter's and  the  Purchasing  Departments  in  reference  to  purchases  so  as 
to  commit  to  the  former  the  purchase  of  forage,  fuel,  soldiers'  bedding, 

139 


140       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 


stationery,  dragoon  and  artillery  horses,  means  of  transportation,  and 
material  for  the  construction  and  repair  of  barracks,  hospitals,  and 
bridges. 

The  act  of  May  18,  1826,  made  it  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  to  receive  from  the  Purchasing  Department  and  distribute 
to  the  Army  all  clothing  and  camp  and  garrison  equipage.  The  abol- 
ishment, by  the  act  of  August  23,  1812,  of  the  office  of  Commissary- 
General  of  Purchases  devolved  the  purchase  of  clothing  upon  the 
Quartermaster's  Department. 


Aug. 

June 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Aug. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

June 

Tune 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Apr. 
May 
June 
May 
Feb. 
Feb. 
July 
June 
Aug. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


1775. — Col.  Thomas  Mifflin  (Pennsylvania). 
1776. — Col.  Stephen  Moylan  (Pennsylvania). 
1776. — Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  Mifflin  (Pennsylvania). 
1778. — Maj.  Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene  (Rhode  Island). 
1780. — Col.  Thomas  Pickering  (Massachusetts). 
1791. — Lieut.  Col.  Samuel  Hodgdon  (Pennsylvania). 
1792. — Lieut.  Col.  James  O'Hara  (Pennsylvania). 
1796. — Lieut.  Col.  John  Wilkins,  jr.  (Pennsylvania). 
1799. — Maj.  Gen.  John  Wilkins,  jr,  (Pennsylvania). 
1812. — Brig.  Gen.  Morgan  Lewis  (New  York). 
1813. — Brig.  Gen.  Robert  Swartwout  (New  York). 
1816. — Col.  James  R.  Mullany  (New  York),  Northern  Division. 
Col.  George  Gibson  (Pennsylvania),  Southern  Division. 
1818. — Brig.  Gen.  William  Cumming  (Georgia). 
1818.— Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  S.  Jesup  (Ohio). 
1860. — Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston  (Virginia). 
1861. — Brig.  Gen.  Montgomery  C.  Meigs  (Pennsylvania). 
1882.— Brig.  Gen.  Daniel  H.  Rucker  (Michigan). 
1882. — Brig.  Gen.  Rufus  Ingalls  (Maine). 
1883. — Brig.  Gen.  Samuel  B.  Holabird  (Connecticut). 
1890. — Brig.  Gen.  Richard  N.  Batchelder  (New  Hampshire). 
1896.— Brig.  Gen.  Charles  G.  Sawtelle  (Maine). 
1897. — Brig.  Gen.  George  H.  Weeks  (Maine). 
1898. — Brig.  Gen.  Marshall  I.  Ludington  (Pennsylvania). 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS    OF   THE   AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  there  be  one  Quartermaster-General  for 
the  grand  army  and  one  deputy  under  him  for  the  separate  army. 

That  the  pay  of  the  Quartermaster-General  be  eighty  dollars  per 
month  and  that  of  the  deputy  forty  dollars  per  month. 

July  17,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  be  appointed  for 
the  said  [New  York]  department. 

Donald  Campbell,  esq.,  elected  to  that  office. 

Ordered,  That  Mr.  D.  Campbell  have  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  Army. 

July  19,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  appointment  of  si  Quartermaster-General  .  .  . 
be  left  to  General  Washington. 

July  29,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  appointment  of  .  .  .  wagon  master 
and  master  carpenter  be  left  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army, 
who  is  to  fix  their  pay,  having  regard  to  the  pay  they  receive  in  the 
ministerial  army  and  the  proportion  that  the  pay  of  the  officers  in 
said  army  bears  to  the  pay  of  our  officers. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  and  every  of 
their  [his]  deputies  shall  take  an  oath  truly  and  faithfully  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  their  respective  stations. 

August  9,  1775. — "Mr.  John  Goddard  is  appointed  by  the  Commander  in  Chief 
wagon  master  general  to  the  Army  of  the  twelve  Unit«-<1  Colonies."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. )  ■ 

August  14,  1775. — "Major  Thomas  Mifflin  is  appointed  Quartermaster-General  to 
the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 
[May  26,  1776,  he  was  appointed  brigadier-general,  and  October  1,  1776,  was 
requested  to  resume  the  duties  of  Quartermaster-General  J  . 

August  16, 1775. — John  Parke,  esq.,  maappointed  an  assistant  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General.     (Orders,  General  Heudqnarlrrx,  Cambridge.) 

September  22,  1775. — John  Gizzage  Frazer  was  appointed  assistant  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General for  the  district  of  Prospect  and  Winter  Hill.  (Orders,  General 
Head({uarter8,  Cambridge.) 

141 


142       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

September  23,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  purchase  a  quantity  of 
woolen  goods  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  to  the  amount  of  five  thousand 
pounds  sterling. 

That  the  said  goods,  when  bought,  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
quartermasters-general  of  the  Continental  armies,  and  that  the  same 
be  by  them  sold  out  to  the  private  soldiers  of  said  armies  at  prime  cost 
and  charges,  including  a  commission  of  five  per  centum  to  the  said 
quartermasters-general  for  their  trouble. 

That  the  committee  consist  of  five. 

The  ballot  being  taken  and  examined,  the  following  members  were 
chosen: 

Mr.  Lewis,  Mr.  Alsop,  Mr.  Willing,  Mr.  Deane,  and  Mr.  Langdon. 

October  5,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  Timothy  Mattack,  of  this  city,  be  employed  as  a  store- 
keeper, and  that  the  implements  provided  for  the  hussars,  and  the 
tents,  and  linen,  etc.,  purchased  for  the  Army,  be  put  under  his  care. 

November  2,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  3,000  felt  hats,  3,000  worsted  caps,  3,000  pair  of 
buckskin  breeches,  3,000  pairs  of  shoes,  3,000  pairs  of  yarn  stockings, 
and  3,000  waistcoats,  suitable  for  the  season,  be  immediately  purchased 
and  sent  to  the  Army,  under  the  command  of  General  Schuyler,  to  be 
sold  to  the  soldiers  at  prime  cost,  including  charges  of  carriage  and 
five  per  cent  to  the  deputy  quartermaster-general,  by  whom  the  said 
goods  are  to  be  sold. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  as  much  duffels  or  kersey  as  will  make  three  hun- 
dred watch  coats  be  purchased  and  sent  to  General  Schuyler,  with 
needles  and  thread,  to  be  made  into  watch  coats,  and  that  these  be 
charged  to  the  Continent  and  kept  for  the  use  of  the  out  centries. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  purchase  the 
foregoing  articles. 

The  members  chosen:  Mr.  Alsop,  Mr.  Lewis,  and  Mr.  Sherman. 

November  4,,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  legislatures  of  New 
England  to  empower  the  General  to  impress  carriages,  vessels,  horses, 
and  other  things  necessary,  at  a  reasonable  rate,  for  the  transportation 
or  march  of  the  Army,  or  any  part  of  it,  or  on  any  other  emergency, 
and  that  this  power  be  deputed  in  writing,  under  the  hand  of  the  Gen- 
eral to  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  to  any  inferior  officer,  who  are 
to  be  accountable  for  any  abuse  thereof. 

November  16,  1775. — "Col.  Brewer  will  be  appointed  barrack  master  until  some- 
thing better  worth  his  acceptance  can  be  provided."  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge. )  [On  the  rearrangement  of  the  Army  Colonel  Brewer  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  a  regiment  heretofore  under  Colonel  Whitcomb,  but  waived  his  right  in 
favor  of  the  latter.  ] 

November  18, 1775. — The  Commissary-General  to  order  all  the  horns  of  the  bullocks 
that  are  killed  for  the  use  of  the  Army  to  be  saved  and  sent  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  who  is  also  to  provide  as  many  as  he  can  get,  and  have  the  whole  made  into 
good  powderhorns,  for  the  use  of  the  troops. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cam- 
bridge.) 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  143 

November  27,  1775. 

Resolved*  That  the  troops  in  the  service  of  the  Continent  be  supplied 
with  fuel  and  bedding  at  the  expense  of  the  Continent. 

December  22,  1775. 

Rewired,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  have  the  rank  of  a  colonel 
in  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies. 

February  5, 1776. 

Resolved,     .      .      .      That  the  appointments  by  General  Schuyler 
of     .     .     .     Gysbert  Marselis,  esq.,  to  be  barrack  master,     . 
and  Mr.  Philip  Van  Rennselaer,  to  be  storekeeper  at  Albany,  be  con- 
firmed; and  that  General  Schuyler  be  desired  to  inform  Congress  of 
the  proper  salaries  to  be  annexed  to  those  offices. 

February  20, 1776. — "As  it  is  necessary  that  every  regiment  should  be  furnished 
with  colours,  and  that  those  colours  should,  if  it  can  be  done,  bear  some  kind  of 
similitude  to  the  uniform  of  the  regiment  to  which  they  belong,  the  colonels,  with 
their  respective  brigadiers  and  the  Q.  M.  Genl.,  may  fix  upon  such  as  are  proper  and 
can  be  procured.  There  must  be  to  each  regiment  the  standard  ( or  regimental  colours) 
and  colours  for  each  grand  division,  the  whole  to  be  small  and  light.  The  number 
of  the  regiment  is  to  be  marked  on  the  colours,  and  such  a  motto  as  the  colonel  may 
choose,  in  fixing  upon  which  the  General  advises  a  consultation  amongst  them. 
The  colonels  are  to  delay  no  time  in  getting  this  matter  fixed,  that  the  Q.  M.  General 
may  provide  the  colours  as  soon  as  possible."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge.) 

March S,  1776. — "The  Q.  M.  General  may  draw  the  carbines  out  of  the  commis- 
sary's stores,  and  put  them  into  the  hands  of  the  carpenters,  or  such  others,  as  he 
shall  think  will  use  them  to  the  best  advantage,  taking  care  to  return  them  when 
called  for.  AH  arms  in  store,  fit  for  use,  may  be  delivered  out  to  the  Adjutant-General's 
order."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

March  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  William  Finney  be  appointed  a  deputy  quarter- 
master in  the  Southern  Department. 

May  7,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  be  appointed 
for  the  Southern  Department,  to  be  employed  in  North  Carolina. 

*  *  * 

( 'ongress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  quartermaster-general 
for  the  Southern  Department,  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Nicholas  Long,  esq.,  was  elected. 

Iirsoli'rd,  That  Nicholas  Long,  esq.,  have  the  rank  of  a  colonel  in  the 
(  ontinental  Army. 

May  11,  1776. — "His  Excellency  has  been  pleased  to  appoint  Hugh  Hughes,  esq., 
MBHttint  quartermaster-general. ' '      (Orders,  dun  nil  J/nii/i/iiiirti-rx,  Mnv  York.^ 

June  5,  1776. 

Resolred,  That  the  .  .  .  deputy  quartermaster-general,  .  .  . 
make  regular  returns  and  report  to  Congress,  and  to  the  respective 
officers  to  whom  they  are  deputies,  at  least  once  a  month,  and  tnat  the 
principals  also  make  returns  at  the  same  periods. 


144       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  the  assistant  quartermasters  be  allowed  captain's  pay. 

*  *  * 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  an  .  .  .  and  Quarter- 
master-General, to  fill  up  the  vacancies  in  these  offices;  when  the  bal- 
lots being  taken  and  examined, 

*  *  * 

Stephen  Moylan,  esq.,  was  elected  Quartermaster-General. 
Resolved,     .     .     .     That  Stephen  Moylan,  esq.,  have  the  pay  of  80 
dollars  a  month  and  the  rank  of  colonel. 

June  7,  1776. — "The  honorable  the  Continental  Congress  have  been  pleased  to 
appoint  Stephen  Moylan,  esq.,  to  be  Quartermaster-General,  in  the  room  of  Thomas 
Mifflin,  esq.,  preferred."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

July  8,  1776. 

The  Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deput}^  quarter- 
master-general for  the  flying  camp;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Clement  Biddle  was  elected  deputy  quartermaster-general  for  the 
flying  camp  and  for  the  militia  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  ordered 
to  rendezvous  at  Trenton. 

July  30, 1776. — "The  Quartermaster-General  is  to  provide  canteens  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, and  to  have  the  water  in  the  several  works  in  casks  examined,  that  there  may 
be  afresh  supply  if  necessary."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

August  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  and  deputy 
quartermasters-general  in  the  several  departments  be  directed  to  trans- 
mit weekly  to  Congress  an  account  of  the  moneys  they  respectively 
receive  from  the  Paymaster-General  or  deputy  paymaster-general. 

That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General,  .  .  .  and  deputy 
quartermasters-general  be  directed  to  make  monthly  returns,  at  least, 
of  the  stores  under  their  direction  and  the  distribution  of  them. 

August  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Gustavus  Risberg  be  appointed  assistant  to  Clement 
Biddle,  deputy  quartermaster-general  to  the  flying  camp,  and  that  he 
reside  at  Philadelphia. 

August  25,  1776. — "Colonel  Morgan  Lewis  is  appointed  deputy  quartermaster- 
general  of  the  Northern  Army."      (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Ticonderoga.) 

September  12,  1776. 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  sundry  officers;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  was  elected  .  .  .  ,  and  Morgan  Lewis,  esq.,  deputy 
quartermaster-general  of  the  said  army  [in  Northern  Department]. 

September  14, 1776. — "Capt.  Brown  is  excused  from  duty,  on  account  of  assisting  the 
Quartermaster-General."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 


THE    QUARTERMASTER'S    DEPARTMENT.  145 

September  26,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  and  deputy 
quartermaster-general  and  their  assistants  in  the  several  departments 
be  directed  to  apply  to  Mr.  Mease  for  such  articles  of  .  .  .  camp 
equipage  and  other  utensils  which  they  may  want  to  purchase  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

September  28,  1776. — "Stephen  Moylan,  esq.,  having  resigned  his  office  of  Quarter- 
master-General, Brigadier-General  Mifflin  is  appointed  thereto  till  the  pleasure  of 
Congress  is  known."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Harlem  Heights.) 

October  L,  1776. 

Stephen  Moylan,  esq.,  having  resigned  his  office  of  Quartermaster- 
General  of  the  Continental  Army, 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier-General  Mifflin  be  authorized  and  requested 
to  resume  the  said  office,  and  that  his  rank  and  pay  as  brigadier  be  still 
continued  to  him. 

October  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  Briga- 
dier-General Mifflin  reported  that  upon  the  conference  they  find  the 
following  supplies  will  be  necessary  for  the  use  and  comfort  of  the 
Army,  which  ought  to  be  procured  as  soon  as  may  be,  viz,  200  wagons 
with  four  horses  each,  50  ox  teams  with  2  oxen  each  for  various  small 
services,  100  strong  horses  for  the  artillery,  50  horses  for  expresses 
and  commissary  uses,  25,000  bushels  of  indian  corn,  15,000  bushels  of 
oats,  10,000  bushels  of  rye  meal,  10,000  bushels  of  spelts,  1,800  tons  of 
haj%  50  cutting  boxes,  2,000  axes,  2,000  wheel  and  hand  barrows,  8,000 
cords  of  wood,  a  set  of  carpenters'  tools  for  each  regiment,  a  wagon- 
master  and  one  deputy,  20  conductors  of  wagons  on  captains'  pay, 
allowing  10  wagons  for  each  conductor,  5  conductors  for  artillery,  100 
casks  of  nails  and  spikes,  10,000  knapsacks,  10,000  camp  kettles,  two 
million  feet  of  boards,  planks,  and  joists,  for  barracks,  platforms,  &c. 

That  a  company  of  50  blacksmiths  should  be  immediately  sent  to 
camp,  12  harness  and  collar  makers,  and  25  wheelwrights. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  one-eighth  part  of  a  dollar  over  and  above 
their  soldiers'  pay  be  allowed  to  such  persons  as  are  necessarily 
draughted  for  quartermasters'  uses; 

That  as  5,000  tents  will  be  necessary  for  the  spring  campaign  they 
be  provided  in  due  time; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  States  to  make  legal  provi- 
sion to  compel  the  furnishing  of  necessary  supplies  and  assistance  to 
the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Continental  Army  on  reasonable 
terms  for  the  public  use. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  consider  of  a 
plan  for  providing  carriages  for  the  public  service,  so  as  any  demands 
may  be  speedily  complied  with,  and  all  oppression  of  private  persons 
effectually  prevented. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Witherspoon,  Mr.  Smith,  and  Mr.  Hunt- 
ington. 

Octobers,  1776. — "The  Quartermaster-General  is  to  use  the  greatest  diligence  in 
providing  straw  for  the  accommodation  of  the  troops."  (Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters, Harlem  Height*.) 

S.  Doc.  229 10 


146       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

October  10,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  quartermasters  in  every  department  be  ordered 
to  avoid  pressing  horses  and  carriages  as  much  as  possible;  and,  when 
it  is  necessary,  that  they  be  directed  to  go  to  the  country  houses  for 
that  purpose;  and  discharge,  as  soon  as  the  service  will  admit,  such 
horses  and  carriages  so  impressed;  and  that  no  violence  whatever  be 
done  to  any  persons,  their  horses,  or  carriages,  who  go  to  the  camp  of 
their  own  accord  to  sell  provisions  or  other  necessaries  of  an}r  kind. 

October  15,  1776.  —Deputy  Quartermaster-General  William  Davies,  resigned. 

October  M,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follows:     . 

To  the     .     .     .     deputy  quartermaster-general,  6  rations.     .     .     . 

October  8%,  1776. 

The  secret  committee  reported  that  the  cargo  lately  arrived  at 
Portsmouth  in  the  brig  Marquis  of  Kildare,  Captain  Palmer,  consists 
of  the  following  articles,  viz,  .  .  .  4,000  yards  of  small  canvas; 
.   '  .     .     whereupon 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  remainder  of  the  canvas  [part  of  it 
had  been  allotted  for  use  of  the  frigate  Rawley]  be  made  into  tents 
and  sent  to  the  northern  army. 

October  23,  1776. 

Congress  being  informed  that  a  vessel  from  London  to  Quebec, 
loaded  with  dry  goods,  among  which  are  a  quantity  of  blankets  and 
coarse  cloths  fit  for  soldiers'  clothing,  was  lately  taken  and  brought  to 
Rhode  Island, 

Resolved,  That  Governor  Cooke  be  requested  immediately  to  pur- 
chase at  Continental  expense,  for  the  use  of  the  Army  under  General 
Washington,  all  the  said  blankets  and  cloths;  that  the  blankets  be  sent 
to  General  Washington,  and  the  cloths  made  up  agreeable  to  the 
direction  of  Brigadier-General  Mifflin,  Quartermaster-General. 

November  £,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  wagon-master-general  be  directed  to  take  charge 
of  the  horses  belonging  to  the  continent  and  prepare  them  for  service 
as  soon  as  possible. 

November  22,  1776. — Messrs.  Paca  of  Maryland,  Ross  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Wither- 
spoon  of  New  Jersey  were  constituted  a  committee  to  repair  to  General  Washing- 
ton's headquarters  to  confer  with  and  assist  him  in  improving  the  present  state  of  the 
Army,  which,  owing  to  past  and  future  disbandments,  may  be  met  by  a  largely 
superior  force. 

November  27,  1776. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Ross,  Mr.  Paca,  and  Mr.  Witherspoon,was  read, 
informing  that  they  have  appointed  an  assistant  quartermaster,  .  .  . 
to  provide  for  a  number  of  sick  and  take  care  of  the  stores  sent  to 
Princeton. . 

Ordered,  That  the  President  inform  them  that  Congress  approve  of 
the  appointments. 


THE    QUAKTEKM ASTER'S    DEPARTMENT.  147 

November  29,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  provide,  as  soon 
M  may  be,     .     .     .     equipage  for  3,000  horse. 

November  30,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be  directed  to  purchase,  for  the 
public  service,  six  wagons,  with  four  horses  and  proper  harness  to 
each  wagon,  and  to  employ  suitable  drivers. 

December  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be  directed  to  purchase,  immedi- 
ate^, ten  or  twelve  covered  wagons  for  the  artillery. 

December  12,  1776. — Owing  to  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  the  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral was  directed  to  remove  certain  stores  to  a  place  of  safety. 

December  30,  1776. 

FOR   THE   BETTER   REGULATING   WAGONS   IN    THE    NORTHERN   ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  two  wagons  be  allowed  to  each  company  on  a  march, 
and  one  wagon  to  the  colonel,  one  to  the  lieutenant-colonel  and  major, 
one  to  the  staff  of  a  regiment,  and  one  for  the  particular  use  of  the 
director  of  the  hospital.  Each  wagon  to  be  drawn  by  two  horses 
(except  that  for  the  colonel,  which  is  to  be  allowed  four  horses),  and 
subject  to  such  orders  as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  issued  by  the  gen- 
eral or  commanding  officer. 

December  31,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  letter  be  written  to  General  Washington,  desiring 
him  to  order  .  .  .  the  Quartermaster-General  to  pursue  the  same 
mode  (sending  agents  into  each  State)  for  procuring  a  sufficient  quan- 
tity of  tent  cloth,  and  that  they  be  severally  directed  to  apply  to  the 
States  to  afford  all  necessary  assistance  therein.     .     .     . 

January  £,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Gerard  Hopkins,  son  of  Richard,  be  appointed  a 
deputy  quartermaster. 

January  9,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Udney  Hay,  esq.,  be  appointed  a  lieutenant-colonel 
by  brevet  and  assistant  deputy  quartermaster-general,  and  stationed 
at  Ticonderoga. 

January  18,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  committee  of  Congress  in  Philadelphia 
be  desired  to  inform  the  Quartermaster-General  what  number  of  horses 
and  oxen  in  the  public  stables  at  Philadelphia  are  fit  for  service; 

That  they  employ  a  careful  person  to  distribute  in  the  country  such 
of  them  as  are  disabled,  there  to  be  recruited  in  the  cheapest  manner; 

That  the  keepers  of  the  continental  stables  admit  no  horses  or  teams 
to  be  received  into  or  taken  out  of  the  same  unless  by  order  of  a  gen- 


148       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

eral  officer  commanding  in  the  place  where  the  stables  are  respectively 
kept;  or  of  the  Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  quartermaster-gen- 
eral, or  wagon  master  or  deputy  wagon-master-general. 

February  4, 1777. — "  The  Quartermaster-General  will,  in  future;  deliver  the  following 
rations  of  provender  for  the  horses  employed  in  the  service,  viz,  for  light  horse,  16 
lbs.  of  hay  and  15  quarts  of  oats,  or  6£  quarts  of  indian  corn  or  other  grain  in  lieu 
thereof;  for  officers'  horses  belonging  to  the  foot,  who  are  authorized  to  draw  prov- 
ender, 14  lbs.  hay  and  6  quarts  of  oats,  or  4  quarts  of  indian  corn  or  other  grain  in 
lieu  thereof . "     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

April  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  quartermaster- 
general  in  the  Northern  Department  be  raised  to  60  dollars  a  month, 
in  consideration  of  the  extraordinary  trouble  that  attends  the  execution 
of  the  office  in  that  department 

April  21,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  James  Mease,  clothier-general,  be  directed  to  deliver 
to  General  Mifflin,  Quartermaster-General,  or  his  order,  all  the  cloth 
in  his  possession  fit  for  tents. 

April  24,  1777. — Congress  authorized  General  Washington  to  order  General  Mifflin, 
Quartermaster-General,  to  continue  in  Philadelphia  for  some  time,  if  the  public 
service  would  admit  of  his  absence  from  the  Army. 

May  13,  1777. 

Ordered,  That  the  secret  committee  deliver  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General  the  linen  in  their  hands  fit  for  tents. 

May  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army  be  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  appoint  one  commissary  of  forage  for  the 
Army,  and  one  for  each  of  the  military  departments  thereof,  with  such 
and  so  many  forage  masters  as  he  shall  judge  necessary. 

2.  That  the  duty  of  the  commissary  of  forage  shall  be  to  purchase 
such  quantities  of  forage  and  store  the  same  in  such  magazines  as  the 
Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  any  de- 
partment shall  from  time  to  time  order  and  direct.  That  the  com- 
missaries shall  conform  themselves  in  making  purchases  to  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  to  them  by  the  quartermaster- 
general  of  the  department  to  which  they  shall  severally  belong. 

3.  That  all  forage  purchased  by  any  commissary  of  forage  and 
delivered  into  any  magazine  shall  be  received  by  the  forage  master 
thereunto  appointed,  who  shall  give  his  receipt  for  the  same,  specify- 
ing the  sort,  quantity,  and  quality,  as  a  voucher  for  the  commissary  of 
forage,  to  be  by  him  produced  to  the  Quartermaster-General  or  deputy 
quartermaster-general  of  the  department  in  support  of  his  account. 

4.  The  commissaries  of  forage  shall  make  a  monthly  return  to  the 
Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  depart- 
ment of  all  forage  by  them  purchased,  specifying  to  what  forage 
master  and  into  which  magazine  the  same  was  delivered,  that  the 
forage  master  may  stand  charged  therewith. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER^  DEPARTMENT.  149 

5.  No  forage  master  to  whose  care  any  magazine  of  forage  shall  be 
committed  shall  issue  any  part  thereof  unless  by  a  written  order  of 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  the  commander  in  chief  of  the  department, 
the  commanding  officer  of  the  post  where  such  magazine  may  be  estab- 
lished, the  Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of 
the  department,  or  one  of  his  assistants,  the  wagon-master-general,  or 
any  other  wagon  master;  such  orders  to  specify  for  whose  use  the  for- 
age is  intended;  and  every  such  order  to  be  filed  by  the  forage  master, 
and  a  regular  entry  thereof  made,  in  a  book  to  be  by  him  kept  for  that 
purpose,  as  a  voucher  for  the  expenditure  of  the  forage  by  him  received. 

6.  The  forage  masters  shall  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General and  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  departments 
they  belong  to  of  the  state  of  their  magazines,  specifying  the  quantity 
left  in  store  at  the  first  and  every  succeeding  return,  the  quantity 
received  since  the  last  return,  the  expenditure  since  such  return,  and 
what  remains  on  hand. 

7.  And  whereas  it  frequently  happens  that  there  is  a  necessity  to 
detain  hired  carriages,  the  owners  whereof  were  to  find  their  own  for- 
age, far  beyond  the  time  for  which  the  owners  thereof  agreed  to  serve, 
and  who,  if  their  own  forage  is  expended,  must  have  recourse  to  the 
public  magazines,  it  is  resolved  that  sucb  persons  so  detained  and 
become  destitute  of  forage  shall,  upon  the  written  order  of  any  of  the 
officers  mentioned  in  the  fifth  resolution,  be  supplied  out  of  the  public 
magazines,  and  the  wagon  master,  before  he  signs  the  discharge  for  any 
such  hired  carriage,  shall  direct  the  forage  master  to  endorse  thereon 
the  quantity,  sort,  and  quality  of  the  forage  furnished  such  person, 
that  the  same  may  be  deducted  out  of  the  wages  due  to  the  owner  of 
such  hired  carriage;  all  which  deductions  shall,  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  department,  be  carried 
to  the  credit  of  the  forage  master's  accounts  who  shall  have  furnished 
the  forage. 

8.  If  the  commissary  of  forage  in  any  department  should  be  ordered 
to  procure  such  large  quantities  of  forage  as  to  render  it  impossible 
for  him  to  do  it  without  assistance,  the  Quartermaster-General  or 
deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  department  shall  direct  one  or 
more  of  nis  assistants  to  aid  the  commissary  of  forage,  pointing  out 
the  districts  in  which  they  are  severally  to  purchase,  that  one  may  not 
enhance  the  price  by  bidding  above  another. 

9.  Whereas,  notwithstanding  the  orders  that  have  been  from  time  to 
time  issued  by  general  officers  of  our  Army  to  prevent  the  loss  and 
embezzlement  of  intrenching  tools  and  other  military  stores,  great 
waste  hath  been  made;  to  prevent  which,  for  the  future,  it  is  resolved 
that  every  commissary  of  stores,  storekeeper,  or  person  to  whose  charge 
and  care  any  military  stores  of  what  kind  whatsoever  shall  be  com- 
mitted, shall  pass  his  receipt,  and  stand  charged  to  be  accountable  for 
the  same,  ana  shall  not  issue  any  of  them  without  taking  a  receipt  for 
the  same,  the  receiver  promising  to  be  accountable;  and  if  any  person 
having  received  any  such  stores  shall  lose  or  embezzle  the  same,' the 
commissary,  storekeeper,  or  person  by  whom  they  were  delivered  shall 
charge  him  with  the  value  thereof  and  transmit  a  copy  of  such  charge 
to  the  Paymaster-General  or  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the  depart- 
ment, who  is  to  charge  the  same  to  the  paymaster  of  the  corps  such 
person  may  belong  to,  unless  it  shall  appear  that  such  loss  happened 
without  any  blamable  negligence  or  omission;  and  if  such  person  in 


150      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

the  continental  service  shall  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  any  stores 
committed  to  his  care  without  a  written  order  for  so  doing,  issued  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  the  commander  in  chief  of  the  department, 
or  by  a  general  officer  commanding  at  a  separate  post,  he  shall  be 
punished  for  theft. 

10.  The  wagon-master-general  of  the  Army,  or  wagon  master  in  any 
of  the  departments  thereof,  shall  receive  from  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  any  department  all  such 
horses,  cattle,  and  carriages  as  the  service  may  require;  and  neither  the 
wagon-master-general  nor  any  other  wagon  master  shall  on  any 
account  presume  to  purchase  any  horses,  cattle,  or  carriages  for  the 
public  service  without  the  express  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
the  commander  in  chief  of  the  department,  the  Quartermaster-General, 
or  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  a  department;  nor  shall  the  wagon- 
master-general,  or  any  other  wagon  master,  hire  any  horses,  cattle,  or 
carriages  unless  by  the  authority  aforesaid  or  by  that  of  an  assistant 
deputy  quartermaster-general. 

11.  The  Quartermaster-General  shall  appoint  such  assistants  and 
make  such  arrangements  for  conducting  the  business  of  his  department 
as  to  him  and  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  commander  of  the  depart- 
ments shall  seem  most  conducive  to  the  public  weal;  and  a  copy  of  such 
arrangements,  specifying  the  names  of  the  assistants,  commissaries  of 
forage,  wagon  masters,  forage  masters,  and  clerk  of  the  several  depart- 
ments shall  be  transmitted  to  the  board  of  war;  and  every  assistant  of 
the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army,  and  every  assistant  of  the 
deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  several  departments  thereof,  shall 
make  monthly  returns  of  every  article  of  what  kinds  soever  that  may 
be  in  or  at  any  of  the  forts,  encampments,  magazines,  or  places  in  the 
district,  committed  to  his  care,  to  the  deputy  quartermaster-general  of 
the  department,  noting  what  is  good,  what  is  reparable,  and  what  is 
unfit  for  further  service  in  separate  columns;  from  which  returns  the 
deputy  quartermaster-general  shall  make  one  general  return,  in  which 
shall  be  specified  the  total  of  all  the  articles  in  every  district  within  his 
department,  one  copy  whereof  shall  be  monthly  transmitted  to  the 
board  of  war,  one  to  the  commander  in  chief  of  the  department,  and  one 
to  the  Quartermaster-General;  from  which  returns  the  Quartermaster- 
General  shall  make  out  a  general  return,  specifying  what  is  in  each 
department  and  every  district  thereof,  one  copy  whereof  shall  be 
monthly  transmitted  to  the  board  of  war,  one  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief,  and  one  to  the  commander  of  each  department. 

12.  Every  assistant  quartermaster,  commissary  of  forage,  wagon- 
master-general,  forage  master,  and  every  other  person  employed  in 
the  Quartermaster-General's  branch  who  shall  neglect  to  make  such 
monthly  returns,  shall  be  dismissed  the  service  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  the  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  the  department  to 
which  such  delinquent  belongs. 

13.  And  in  order  that  all  deputy  quartermasters-general  and  assist- 
ants may  make  their  returns  in  such  a  manner  as  to  avoid  that  great 
confusion  which  has  heretofore  arisen  from  a  want  of  method,  the 
Quartermaster-General  is  to  furnish  his  deputies  with  a  form,  copies 
whereof  they  are  to  deliver  to  the  assistants  and  to  every  person  in 
the  Quartermaster-General's  branch,  who  may  be  called  upon  for  a 
return. 

14.  The    Quartermaster-General   and   the    deputy  quartermasters- 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  151 

general  in  the  several  departments  shall  have  full  power  and  be  author- 
ized, with  the  consent  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commander  of 
the  department,  to  dismiss  any  person  by  them  employed  who  shall 
refuse  or  neglect  any  duty  enjoined  by  the  foregoing  resolutions,  or 
any  other  duty  he  may  be  charged  with,  and  to  appoint  others  in  the 
stead  of  such  as  may  be  dismissed. 

15.  The  general  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  our  armies  and  the 
commander  of  any  department  thereof  shall  be  allowed  as  mucn  forage 
for  their  horses  and  those  of  their  suit  as  the  service  may  require. 

16.  A  major-general  and  a  brigadier-general,  not  having  the  com- 
mand of  a  separate  department,  shall  each  be  allowed  forage  for  six 
horses  for  themselves,  their  aids-de-camp,  or  brigade  majors,  and 
servants. 

IT.  The  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commander  in  any  separate 
department  shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities  of  forage,  and 
for  and  during  such  times  as  they  shall  think  proper  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General and  his  deputies,  to  the  muster-master-general  and  his 
deputies,  the  chief  engineer  and  his  assistants,  the  commissary -general 
and  his  deputies,  the  director-general  of  the  hospital,  his  subs  and 
surgeons-general,  to  the  adj'utant-general  and  his  deputies,  to  the 
colonels,  lieutenant-colonels,  majors,  adjutants,  quartermasters,  and 
surgeons  of  regiments,  and  to  provost-marshals,  or  to  such  and  so  many 
of  the  before-mentioned  officers  and  their  deputies  as  the  service  shall 
necessarily  require:  Provided  always,  That  if  any  of  the  officers  above 
mentioned,  their  deputies  or  assistants,  should  be  allowed  forage  in 
consequence  of  any  general  orders  hereafter  given  and  should  never- 
theless not  keep  any  or  so  many  horses  as  they  would  be  permitted  to 
draw  forage  for,  in  such  case  no  forage  shall  be  issued  for  more  horses 
than  they  really  have,  nor  shall  they  at  any  time  thereafter  be  allowed 
any  forage  as  back  allowance  or  any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

18.  A  deputy  quartermaster-general  shall  be  appointed  to  each 
department  and  one  to  each  grand  division  of  the  Army,  the  rank  of 
the  former  to  bo  that  of  a  colonel,  of  the  latter  that  of  a  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

19.  The  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  or  commander  in  any  separate  department,  shall 
appoint  a  competent  number  of  deputy  quartermasters-general,  a 
wagon-master-general,  and  so  many  wagon  masters  as  the  service  from 
time  to  time  requires,  and  make  a  return  to  the  Board  of  War  of  the 
names  of  the  persons  so  appointed. 

20.  Resolved,  That  Major-General  Mifflin  be  allowed,  for  his  service 
as  Quartermaster-General,  166  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay 
as  major-general. 

That  the  pay  of  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  of  a  grand  division 
of  the  Army  be  75  dollars  per  month. 

That  the  pay  of  an  assistant  deputy  quartermaster-general  be  40 
dollars  per  month,  and  that  he  have  the  rank  of  captain. 

That  the  pay  of  a  wagon-master-general  be  75  dollars  per  month. 

That  the  pay  of  a  deputy  wagon-master-general  be  50  dollars  a 
month. 

That  the  pay  of  the  barrack -master-general  bo  75  dollars  a  month. 

That  the  pay  of  a  wagon  muster  or  conductor  of  wagons  be  40 
dollars  a  month. 

That  the  pay  of  a  forage  master  be  40  dollars  a  month. 


152       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  14,  1777. — "Joseph  Thornburg,  esq.,  is  appointed  waggon-master-general." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

June  4,  1777. — General  Mifflin  wrote  to  Congress  that  General  Washington  had 
informed  him  of  his  anxious  desire  to  have  the  heads  of  the  several  departments  in 
the  field  with  him,  whereupon  Congress  adopted  a  resolve  that  General  Mifflin  be 
given  leave  to  repair  immediately  to  headquarters. 

June  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  XXIV.  That  no  provisions  be  issued  to  any 
person  hut  by  the  written  order  of  .  .  .  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  any  of  his  deputies  or  assistants. 

*  *  * 

XXIX.  That  whenever  any  capital  magazine  shall  be  established, 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  the  department 
shall  order  storehouses  to  be  built  and  a  barrack  for  fifty  men,  and 
the  same  to  be  inclosed  with  a  stockade. 

•  *  -::• 

XXXV.  That  the  commissaries-general  and  the  respective  officers 
under  them  apply  to  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  respective  offi- 
cers for  wagons,  teams,  and  horses  wanted  in  the  several  districts; 
and  if  at  any  time  it  shall  be  necessary  to  hire  the  same,  they  are  not 
to  exceed  the  rates  stipulated  by  Congress  or  the  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral aforesaid. 

XXXVI.  That  all  persons  employed  to  purchase  for  the  United 
States  any  articles  in  the  several  departments  of  the  .  .  .  quar- 
termaster .  .  .  shall  previously  apply  to  them,  or  the  principal 
officers  under  them,  respectively,  for  certificates  of  the  several  prices 
by  them  allowed  for  such  articles,  and  shall  not  on  any  pretence  what- 
soever exceed  such  prices.     .     .     . 

June  18,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Joseph  Thornburg,  wagon-master-general,  have  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

July  1,  1777. — "Jonathan  Mifflin,  esq.,  and  Henry  Emanuel  Lutterloh,  esq.,  are 
appointed  deputy  quartermasters-general  for  this  army  with  the  rank  of  colonel." 

"Clement  Biddle,  esq.,  is  appointed  commissary-general  of  forage  of  this  army." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle  Brook. ) 

August  1,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to 
appoint  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  in  the  said  State  [Georgia]. 

August  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  John  M'Coomb,  of  Princeton,  be  authorized  to  act 
as  quartermaster  at  that  place  for  such  detachments  of  the  Army  as 
may  be  passing  that  way  until  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  give 
further  directions  on  this  subject.     .     .     . 

September  10,  1777. — The  Quartermaster-General  was  ordered  to  submit  to  Congress 
a  list  of  all  deputies  and  assistants  employed  in  his  department  and  how  and  where 
employed. 

September  16,  1777. — The  Quartermaster-General  was  ordered  to  remove  to  Bethle- 
hem, Pa.,  or  some  other  place  of  safety,  the  stores  belonging  to  his  department  ordered 
to,  or  deposited  in,  Trenton,  N.  J. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  153 

October  0,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  . .  Quartermaster-General  and  their  dep- 
uties, respectively,  be  directed  to  provide  and  supply,  in  the  places 
where  Congress  may  meet,  such  articles  of  their  respective  depart- 
ments as  may  be  required  by  the  several  members  thereof,  for  the  use 
of  themselves,  their  servants  and  horses,  the  said  members  paying  the 
cost  of  the  said  articles;  and  that  this  resolution  extend  to  the  secre- 
taries, treasurer,  and  the  officers  of  the  several  boards  and  committees 
of  Congress. 

October  10,  1777. — On  account  of  ill  health,  General  Mifflin  returned  his  commis- 
sions of  major-general  and  Quartermaster-General. 

November  2,  1777. — "The  division  and  brigade  quartermasters  are  to  provide  straw 
for  the  troops,  taking  none  that  is  not  threshed."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Wh  itemarsh.) 

November  7,  1777. — General  Mifflin's  resignation  as  Quartermaster-General  was 
accepted,  but  his  commission  as  major-general  was  returned  to  him  without  the  pay 
annexed  to  the  office,  until  further  order  of  Congress.  He  was,  same  day,  elected 
member  of  the  Board  of  War. 

November  8,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  General  Mifflin  be  directed,  notwithstanding  his  res- 
ignation of  Quartermaster-General  is  accepted,  to  continue  in  the  exer- 
cise of  that  office,  and  that  he  be  invested  with  full  powers  to  act  until 
another  Quartermaster-General  is  appointed  and  enters  upon  the  duties 
of  the  office. 

November  19,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  David  Poe  be  appointed  quartermaster  for  the  town 
of  Baltimore,  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  in  the  room  of  and  for  the 
purpose  for  which  Jared  Hopkins,  who  declines  acting,  was  appointed. 

November  22, 1777. — In  view  of  the  difficulty  of  purchasing  any  stores  at  reasonable 
prices,  the  several  States  were  invited  to  adopt  ana  enforce  a  temporary  regulation  of 
prices. 

November  U,  1777. 

The  committee  appointed  to  prepare  a  plan  for  establishing  a  board 
to  superintend  the  departments  of  the  commissaries  and  Quartermaster- 
General  report: 

That  as  a  board  of  war,  consisting  of  persons  not  members  of  Con- 
gress, has  been  lately  established,  and  the  late  Quartermaster-General 
is  a  member  thereof,  the  committee  are  of  opinion  that  a  considerable 
expense  may  be  saved  by  adding  to  the  board  a  person  acquainted  with 
the  commercial  business,  and  authorizing  it  to  superintend  each  of  the 
civil  departments  of  the  Army:  Whereupon, 

/,\W/v/.   That  Congress  concur  with  the  committee. 

November  25,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Governor  Caswell  be  desired  to  appoint  proper  per- 
sons within  the  State  of  North  Carolina  to  purchase  with  secrecy  and 
despatch  all  the  merchantable  leather  and  deerskins  in  that  State  proper 
for  making  .  .  .  saddles,  harness,  and  military  accoutrements, 
.  .  .  delivering  the  residue  of  the  said  leather  [not  used  for  making 
shoes  and  breeches]  to  the  order  of  the  board  of  war. 


154      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OP  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

December  1,  1777. — Mr.  James  Yule  was  appointed  wagon  master  to  General  De 
Kalb's  division.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Whitemarsh,  Pa. ) 

December  18,  1777. — "The  colonels  or  commanding  officers  of  regiments,  with  their 
captains,  are  immediately  to  cause  their  men  to  be  divided  into  squads  of  twelve, 
and  see  that  each  squad  have  their  proportion  of  tools,  and  set  about  a  hut  for  them- 
selves; and  as  encouragement  to  industry  and  art  the  general  promises  to  reward  the 
party  in  each  regiment  which  finishes  their  hut  in  the  quickest  and  most  workmanlike 
manner  with  twelve  dollars.  And  as  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  boards  for  cover- 
ing may  be  found  scarce  and  difficult  to  be  got,  he  offers  one  hundred  dollars  to  any 
officer  or  soldier  who,  in  the  opinion  of  three  gentlemen  he  shall  appoint  as  judges, 
shall  substitute  some  other  covering  that  may  be  cheaper  and  quicker  made,  and  will 
in  every  respect  answer  the  end."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  at  the  Gulph. ) 

December  20,  1777. — "The  Quartermaster-General  is  to  delay  no  time,  but  use  his 
utmost  exertions,  to  procure  large  quantities  of  straw,  either  for  covering  the  huts, 
if  it  should  be  found  necessary,  or  for  beds  for  the  soldiers.  He  is  to  assure  the 
farmers  that  unless  they  get  their  grain  out  immediately  the  straw  will  be  taken  with 
the  grain  in  it,  and  paid  for  as  straw  only."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  at  the 
Valley  Forge.) 

December  22,  1777. — "The  quartermaster  is  to  provide  a  number  of  pails,  that  every 
hut  may  have  one. "     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Vail     Forge.) 

January  6,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  General  Heath  be  directed  to  order  the  deputy  quar- 
termaster-general in  the  Eastern  Department  forthwith  to  provide 
1,000  good  bell  tents,  and  send  them  to  the  Army  under  the  command 
of  General  Washington. 

January  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  .  .  . 
be  appointed  to  act  pro  tempwe  for  the  troops  aforesaid  [from  New 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut,  con- 
stantly employed  in  Rhode  Island  for  the  defence  of  the  State  and  of 
the  Providence  Plantations];  that  the  deputy  quartermaster-general 
.  .  .  be  appointed  by  the  officer  commanding  at  that  post  [Provi- 
dence], and  that  each   .    .    .    take  the  oath  of  fidelit}^  and  office.    .    .    . 

February  3,  1778. 

And  whereas  many  persons  employed  as  deputy  ...  or  quar- 
termasters, or  in  other  civil  departments,  are  dispersed  in  various  parts 
of  the  continent,  over  whom  neither  Congress  nor  the  head  of  their 
respective  departments  can  have  the  immediate  inspection: 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislative  and  executive 
authority  of  every  State  to  take  effectual  measures  for  preventing  any 
person  within  their  States  from  exercising  any  office  in  the  civil 
department  of  the  Army  .  .  .  under  Congress  who  shall  not, 
when  thereunto  required  by  any  magistrate,  produce  a  legal  appoint- 
ment to  such  office  and  a  certificate  of  his  having  taken  the  foregoing 
oaths  or  affirmations,  or  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  take  and  sub- 
scribe the  said  oaths  or  affirmations  within  the  time  above  limited. 

February  5,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  plan  be  adopted  for  cariying  into 
immediate  execution  the  important  business  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General: 

1st.  The  military  line  to  be  styled  the  Quartermaster-General's,  which 


,  THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  155 

is  to  include  the  regulating  of  marches,  encampments,  order  of  battle, 
etc.,  etc.,  as  described  in  the  books  of  the  profession: 

This  officer  not  to  have  the  disposal  of  public  money,  except  small 
occasional  sums  for  defraying  petty  expenses  in  the  Army. 

2d.  The  commissary  of  forage,  who  is  to  be  confined  to  that  article 
in  his  purchases. 

3d.  The  commissary  for  horses  and  wagons. 

4th.  The  agents  for  the  purchase  of  tents,  entrenching  tools,  build- 
ing of  barracks,  and  for  all  the  smaller  supplies  of  the  department. 

The  three  last  to  be  governed  in  their  purchases  by  the  estimates 
and  orders  of  the  Quartermaster-General  or  the  board  of  war. 

Ordered^  That  the  board  of  war  prepare  suitable  regulations  for  the 
Quartermaster-General's  Department  agreeable  to  the  foregoing  plan. 

February  6,  1778. 

Resolved^  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  and  his  deputies 
be  respectively  directed  to  provide  the  auditors  in  each  army  with  a 
convenient  house  near  headquarters,  and  that  no  other  officers  be  quar- 
tered therein. 

That  for  the  preservation  of  the  public  papers,  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  his  deputies  shall  provide  for  the  auditors  in  each  arm}7 
a  good  covered  wagon  with  horses,  under  their  direction,     .     .     . 

February  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Quartermaster-General,  his  deputies  and 
assistants,  shall  give  the  commissary-general  [of  military  stores]  every 
assistance  of  teams  for  the  removal  of  public  stores,     .     .     . 

February  U,  1778. 

Whereas  .  .  .  the  general  assembly  of  Penns}^lvania  have,  by 
a  law,  appointed  commissaries  in  each  county  within  their  State,  to 
purchase  or  seise  .  .  .  provisions,  etc.,  for  the  supply  of  the 
Army,  pursuant  to  such  orders  as  they  shall  receive  from  Congress. 

Revolved,  .  .  .  That  the  said  commissaries  deliver  .  .  .  the 
forage  to  the  order  of  the  commissary  of  forage  or  his  assistants,  to 
whom  severally  they  are  directed  to  send  immediate  notice,  when  such 
purchases  are  made,     .     .     . 

February  21,  1778. 

I£(xolvcd,  That  the  committee  of  Congress  at  the  camp,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  General  Washington,  be  authorized  forthwith  to  make  the 
proper  appointments  for  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department: 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  immediately  employ  a  suitable 
number  of  proper  persons  on  the  east  side  of  Susquehanna  to  pur- 
chase     .     .     .     forage  for  the  Army,     .     .     . 

March  2,  1778. 

A  letter  of  February  25th  from  the  committee  at  camp  was  read, 
proposing  a  new  arrangement  of  the  Quartermaster-General's  Depart- 


156      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  Ufc  S.   ARMY. 

ment  and  commending  persons  to  execute  the  business  of  the  said 
department. 

Congress,  taking  into  consideration  the  arrangement  proposed  by  the 
committee, 

Resolved,  That  the  same  be  adopted,  instead  of  that  agreed  to  on  the 
5th  day  of  February,  and  that  there  be  one  Quartermaster-General  and 
two  assistant  quartermasters-general. 

That  these  three  be  allowed  for  their  trouble  and  expense  one  per 
cent  upon  the  monies  issued  in  the  department,  to  be  divided  as  they 
shall  agree,  and  including  an  addition  to  the  pay  of  the  wagon-master- 
general  and  his  deputy; 

That  Major-General  Greene  be  appointed  Quartermaster-General; 

That  John  Cox  and  Charles  Pettit,  esqs.,  be  appointed  Assistant 
Quartermasters-General ; 

That  the  forage-masters,  wagon-masters,  and  other  officers  in  the 
department  be  in  the  appointment  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  who 
is  to  be  responsible  for  their  conduct. 

Resolved,  That  Major-General  Greene  retain  his  rank  of  major-gen- 
eral in  the  Army. 

April  11,  1778. 

Ordered,  That  Colonel  Cox,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  employ 
a  deputy  to  attend  Congress  and  procure  good  stables  and  provender 
for  their  horses  and  proper  persons  to  take  care  of  the  same,  and  that 
he  receive  from  each  member  his  just  proportion  of  the  expense. 

May  2,  1778. — Congress  authorized  the  Commissioners  at  Fort  Pitt,  or,  in  their 
absence,  the  officer  appointed  to  command  on  the  western  frontier,  to  appoint  a 
proper  person  to  perform  the  duties  of  quartermaster  to  the  militia  of  the  counties  of 
Rockingham,  Augusta,  Rockbridge,  Botetourt,  Montgomery,  Washington,  and 
Greenbrier,  Va. 

May  21,  1778. — General  Mifflin  was  granted  leave  to  join  General  "Washington's 
army. 

May  27,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  brigade  quartermaster  be  appointed  by 
the  Quartermaster-General  out  of  the  captains  or  subalterns  in  the 
brigade  to  which  he  shall  be  appointed. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  their  pay  as  officers  in  the  line  there 
be  allowed  to     ...     a  brigade  quartermaster,  15  dollars. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  brigade  quartermasters  heretofore  ap- 
pointed from  the  line  shall  hold  their  present  rank  and  be  admissible 
into  the  line  again  in  the  same  rank  they  held  when  taken  from  the 
line,  provided  that  no  .  .  .  quartermaster  shall  have  the  com- 
mand of  any  ofncers  who  commanded  him  when  in  line. 

May  29,  1778. 

Whereas  Congress,  in  the  present  arrangement  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  Department,  have  given  the  Quartermaster-General  the 
appointment  of  the  subordinate  officers  of  that  department; 

Resolved,  That  Udney  Hay,  esq.,  who,  under  the  former  arrange- 
ment of  the  said  department,  was  appointed  assistant  deputy  quarter- 


THE  QUARTERMASTER^  DEPARTMENT.  157 

master-general  at  Ticonderoga  and  a  lieutenant-colonel  by  brevet,  can 
not  now  hold  that  office  by  virtue  of  the  said  appointment,  nor  be 
entitled  to  an}T  privilege  or  emolument  which  either  does  at  present 
or  may  hereafter  accrue  to  any  officer  of  the  same  rank  in  the  line. 

June  4,  1778. — Congress  appointed  Messrs.  Carroll,  Matthews,  and  Wentworth  a 
committee  to  extract  from  the  journals,  for  publication,  the  regulations  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department. 

June  11,  1778. — Patrick  Lockhart,  esq.,  was  appointed  to  procure  pack  horses  and 
other  necessaries  for  the  expedition  to  reduce  the  garrison  of  Detroit  and  compel 
terms  of  peace  from  such  of  the  Indian  nations  now  in  arms  against  the  States  lying 
on  or  contiguous  to  the  route  between  Fort  Pitt  and  Detroit.  The  expedition  was 
deferred  by  resolve  of  July  25,  1778. 

July  28,  1778. 

Ordered,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  furnish  the  Hon.  the 
Sieur  Gerard,  minister  plenipotentiary  of  his  most  Christian  Majesty, 
with  such  and  so  many  norses  and  such  forage  as  he  shall  direct,  and 
that  he  deliver,  from  time  to  time,  special  accounts  of  the  prices  of 
the  said  horses  and  forage  to  the  board  of  treasury. 

August  12,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  every  officer  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States 
whose  duty  requires  his  being  on  horseback  in  time  of  action,  and 
whose  horse  shall  be  killed  in  action,  be  allowed  a  sum  not  exceeding 
500  dollars  as  a  compensation  for  his  horse  so  killed,  this  resolution 
to  have  retrospect  as  far  as  the  first  day  of  May,  1777;  and  the  Quar- 
termaster-General be,  and  is  hereb}^,  authorized  to  pay  the  value  of 
such  horses,  not  exceeding  the  said  sum,  to  the  respective  sufferers, 
on  the  facts  being  properly  authenticated. 

August  16,  1778. — "John  Storey,  esq.,  is  appointed  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment to  receive  and  take  care  of  all  the  intrenching  tools."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters. ) 

August  17,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  each  officer  in  the  department  of  the  Quartermaster 
and  Barrackmaster  General  attending  Congress  be  directed,  from  time 
to  time,  to  render  to  the  several  members  accounts  of  the  articles  sup- 
plied them  respectively,  according  to  the  cost  thereof;  such  accounts 
to  be  paid  to  the  paymaster  of  the  board  of  war  and  ordnance.     .     .     . 

August  17,  1778. — General  MifHin  tendered  his  resignation. 

September  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Washington  be  informed  that 
Congress  have  given  orders  for  the  purchase  of  20,000  barrels  of  flour, 
to  be  transported  by  water  for  that  purpose;  and  that  he  bo  authorized 
and  directed  to  fix  on  the  places  where  the  said  magazines  shall  be- 
established  and  to  give  the  necessary  orders  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General     .     .     .     for  carrying  this  resolution  into  execution. 

September  11,  1778. — Congress  having  approved  General  Washington's  recom- 
mendation that magazines  l«-  cstiiblishcd  in  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  at  con- 
venient places  distant  hpm  the  Sound,  he  was  directed  to  give  the  necessary  orders 
to  the  Quartermaster-General. 


158       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

September  12,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to  order  the 
commissary  of  forage  to  give  immediate  directions  to  his  deputies  and 
assistants  not  to  purchase  any  wheat  for  forage,  except  in  the  vicinity 
of  camp,  unless  in  cases  of  absolute  necessity;  and  when  such  cases 
arise,  that  the  reasons  for  deviating  from  this  order  be  transmitted  to 
the  commissary  of  forage,  and  by  him  submitted  to  the  opinion  of  the 
Quartermaster-General. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  be  directed  to 
give  orders  to  his  deputies  and  assistants  forthwith  to  deliver  to  the 
commissary  of  forage  and  his  deputies  the  bad  wheat  and  offals  of 
wheat  which  they  at  present  have  or  may  hereafter  have  in  their 
respective  possessions;  and,  further,  that  the  said  commissary-general 
issue  orders  to  the  purchasers  to  be  careful  not  to  purchase  in  future 
damaged  wheat,  as  the  same  is  found  by  experience  extremely  injurious 
even  for  the  purposes  of  forage. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to  consult 
with  the  Commander  in  Chief  whether  a  reduction  of  the  stationary 
teams  can  not  be  made  consistently  with  the  good  of  the  service,  or 
whether  ox  teams  can  not,  in  the  present  seat  of  war,  be  substituted 
in  a  great  measure  for  horse  teams;  and  if  General  Washington  shall 
be  of  opinion  that  both  or  either  of  these  measures  are  advisable  that 
the  Quartermaster-General  take  measures  for  carrying  the  same  into 
execution  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  deemed  most  consistent  with  the 
good  of  the  Army  and  a  regard  to  public  economy. 

October  2,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  legislative  or, 
when  vested  with  sufficient  power,  to  the  executive  authorities  of  the 
States  above  mentioned  [New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Dela- 
ware, Maryland,  and  Virginia]  to  authorize  and  direct  any  civil  mag- 
istrate within  their  respective  jurisdiction,  on  an  information  given 
by  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General,  or  by  the  deputy  .  .  . 
quartermaster-general  of  the  respective  districts,  of  any  extraordi- 
nary quantity  of  grain  .  .  .  being  purchased  and  in  the  possession 
of  individuals  forthwith  to  issue  his  warrant  empowering  the  inform- 
ant to  seize  the  same  for  the  public  use,  paying  for  the  same  such 
prices  as  to  the  respective  legislatures  appear  proper,  to  prevent  the 
practice  of  engrossing  those  articles  in  future,     .     .     . 

October  13,  1778. 

.  Resolved,  That  Joseph  Clay,  esq.,  deputy  paymaster-general  in  the 
State  of  Georgia,  be  empowered  and  directed  to  pay  into  the  hands  of 
the  .  .  .  deputy  quartermaster,  ...  in  the  said  States  (they 
obtaining  a  warrant  from  the  commanding  officer  in  the  Southern 
department)  such  sum  or  sums  of  money  as  may  be  wanting  in  their 
respective  departments;     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  deputy  quartermaster  ...  in  the 
State  of  Georgia,  when  they  deliver  their  respective  accounts  of  expend- 
itures to  the  deputy  paymaster-general,  do  cause  to  be  specified,  on 
the  receipts  of  the  said  accounts,  that  the  same  were  paid  in  conti- 
nental currency,  and  that  the  sum  be  fully  expressed  in  words. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  159 

October  18,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  future  no  wheat  be  purchased  for  forage  "by 
any  person  for  the  use  of  the  United  States  unless  Congress  shall 
order  otherwise. 

October  22,  1778. 

Whereas  upon  the  evacuation  of  this  city  [Philadelphia]  by  the 
British  army,  certain  seizures  were  made  of  goods  and  effects,  sup- 
posed to  belong  to  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain,  and  other  goods  were 
taken  up  under  contracts  entered  into  with  the  inhabitants  of  this  city 
by  the  officers,  in  the  departments  of  the  quartermaster  .  .  .  gen- 
erals, and  a  committee  hath  been  appointed  by  Congress  to  examine  into 
the  conduct  of  the  said  officers  in  making  the  said  seizures  and  con- 
tracts, that  justice  may  be  done  to  the  public  and  individuals,  but  report 
hath  not  yet  been  made: 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  direct  such  of  the  said  goods, 
whether  seized  or  contracted  for,  as  may  be  wanted  for  the  immediate 
use  of  the  Army,  .  .  .  to  be  appropriated  for  that  purpose;  and 
that  the  board  of  war  direct  that  proper  accounts  be  kept  of  the  goods 
so  appropriated,  the  quantity  and  quality,  and  of  whom  seized,  and 
with  whom  contracted  for. 

November  10,  1778. — Congress,  having  resolved  that  speedy  and  vigorous  measures 
should  be  taken  to  regulate  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  appointed  Messrs 
Scudder,  G.  Morris,  and  Whipple  a  committee  to  superintend  that  department. 

November  17,  1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  .  .  .  deputy  quarter- 
nmster-general  for  the  troops  in  the  Southern  Department,  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

.  .  .  Stephen  Drayton  was  elected  deputy  quartermaster-general 
for  the  troops  in  the  Southern  Department,  they  having  been  previ- 
ously nominated  by  the  delegates  of  South  Carolina. 

November  19,  1778. 

Whereas  it  has  become  necessary  not  only  that  speedy  and  vigorous 
measures  should  be  taken  to  regulate  the  .  .  .  quartermaster's 
department,  but  also  that  a  constant  attention  should  be  paid  to  those 
departments: 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Scudder,  Mr.  G.  Morris,  and  Mr.  Whipple  be  a 
committee  to  superintend  the  same  departments  and  that  they,  or  any 
two  of  them,  be  empowered  to  take  such  steps  relating  to  the  same  as 
they  shall  think  the  most  for  the  public  service. 

November  30,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  in  all  cases  when  forage  is  wanted  for  the  troops,  and 
can  not  be  purchased  by  the  commissaries  at  reasonable  rates,  application 
be  made  to  the  executive  and  legislative  authority  of  the  State  wherein 
the  forage  is  required,  or  to  some  person  or  persons  properly  author- 
ized by  them  for  that  purpose,  for  their  interposition  and  assistance  in 
procuring  the  necessary  supplies. 


160       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.    ARMY. 

January  23,  1779. — General  Washington  was  directed,  June  11,  1778,  to  order  an 
inquiry  into  the  conduct  of  General  Mifflin,  late  Quartermaster-General,  and  others 
of  that  department.  The  Congressional  committee  (Messrs.  G.  Morris,  Reed,  and 
Witherspoon)  appointed  August  17,  1778,  having  reported  that  no  proceedings  had 
been  had  on  the  subject,  submitted  that  if  the  resolve  of  June  11,  1778,  was  to  be 
executed,  the  same  should  be  done  by  a  court  of  inquiry  and  court-martial  in  the 
usual  manner.  Congress  having  agreed  to  the  report,  ordered  that  a  copy  be  furnished 
the  Commander  in  Chief. 

February  1,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  give  such  directions  as 
he  may  think  proper  for  arranging  the  .  .  .  quartermaster's 
departments  to  the  westward,  any  resolutions  of  Congress  notwith- 
standing. 

February  20,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  portmanteaus  and  valises  furnished  to  the  officers 
of  the  Army  by  the  Quartermaster-General,  pursuant  to  the  orders  of 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  be  charged  to  the  United  States,  and  the 
officers  permitted  to  retain  them  for  their  own  use;  provided  that  no 
officer  shall  be  more  than  once  furnished  at  the  public  expense  with 
the  articles  aforesaid  unless  unavoidably  lost  or  taken  by  the  enemy  in 
time  of  action. 

February  20,  1779. — The  quartermaster  at  the  prisoners'  camp  in  Virginia  was 
directed  to  reside  at  or  near  the  barracks,  and  the  governor  and  the  council  of  Vir- 
ginia were  requested  to  superintend  the  conduct  of  those  in  charge  of  the  camp. 

February  25,  1779. — Gen.  Thomas  Mifflin  resigned. 

March  5,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  and  such  of 
their  deputies  as  they  shall  appoint  for  that  purpose  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  pay  all  certificates  (of  the  authen- 
ticity whereof  they  are  or  shall  be  satisfied)  for  .  .  .  forage, 
.  .  .  or  other  articles,  within  the  lines  of  their  respective  depart- 
ments, furnished  by  the  inhabitants  to  the  troops  on  detachments,  or 
in  cases  of  necessity  when  supplies  could  not  be  obtained  in  a  regular 
course;  for  which  sums  so  to  be  paid  they  shall  be  allowed  for  their 
trouble  one-half  per  cent,  and  no  more.  The  evidence  of  such  sup- 
plies being  furnished  shall,  so  far  as  regards  the  party  of  whom 
received,  be  the  certificates  of  the  officers  receiving  them.  But  the 
officers  in  the  said  departments  .  .  .  paying  the  same  shall  notify 
the  officers  who  gave  such  certificates  to  render  an  account  of  the 
application  of  the  articles  so  received,  and  the  said  officers  are  hereby 
directed  to  render  such  accounts  accordingly;  and  the  said  quarter- 
master .  .  .  and  their  deputies  so  paying  the  said  certificates 
are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  examine  and  settle  the  said 

accounts. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  certificates  hereafter  given  by  commissioned  officers 
for  articles  received  for  the  use  of  the  Army  be  signed  with  their 
name  at  full  length  and  the  rank  they  hold,  and  if  under  a  general 
officer,  that  the  regiment  to  which  they  belong  be  added. 

That  the  particular  articles  received  be  inserted  in  the  body  of  the 
certificate;  their  value,  the  time  when,  and  place  where  received  in 
letters  and  not  in  figures. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  161 

That  the  certificates  be  directed  to  the  principal  of  the  department 
whose  duty  it  is  to  provide  the  articles  so  received  or  his  nearest 
deputy;  separate  receipts  to  be  given  whensoever  the  articles  apper- 
tain to  the  several  departments. 

That  officers  keep  exact  copies  of  the  certificates  they  give,  and 
transmit  other  copies  to  the  nearest  deputy  or  agent  in  the  depart- 
ment, giving  him  the  necessary  information  respecting  the  business. 

That  the  deputies  transmit  copies  of  all  the  certificates  they  pay  to 
their  principals,  that  inquiiy  may  be  made  whether  the  giving  the  cer- 
tificates was  necessary  for  the  public  service  and  whether  the  things 
received  have  been  properly  applied. 

March  1°2,  1779. 

Resolved,     .     .     . 

That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  pay  to  the  memorialists 
[merchants  of  Philadelphia],  from  whom  goods  were  taken  for  public 
use,  the  current  price  of  the  same  at  the  time  when  the  said  goods  were 
taken. 

March  13,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to 
lay  before  Congress,  without  delay,  a  full  account  of  the  sales  and  dis- 
tribution of  the  goods  taken  from  the  inhabitants  of  Philadelphia  when 
that  city  was  evacuated  by  the  enemy. 

March  16,  1779. 

Whereas,  discontent,  loss  of  strength,  and  diminution  of  the  strength 
of  the  line  have  arisen  by  employing  the  Continental  troops  as  wag- 
oners, and  it  will  be  of  public  advantage  to  enlist  proper  persons  for 
that  service  during  the  war: 

Resolved,  therefore,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  authorized  and 
directed  to  take  proper  measures  for  causing  to  be  enlisted  such  a 
number  of  wagoners  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  for  the  service,  to 
continue  therein  to  the  end  of  the  war;  that  each  wagoner  voluntarily 
engaging  for  that  period  shall  be  entitled,  in  addition  to  the  present 
monthly  pay,  clothing,  and  subsistence  allowed  to  wagoners,  to  the 
same  bounties,  in  all  respects,  as  are  granted  to  volunteers  who  shall 
enlist  in  the  Continental  battalions  for  the  term  of  the  war;  that  the 
Quartermaster-General  shall  establish  such  regulations  for  the  con- 
duct of  the  said  corps  of  wagoners  as  shall  be  judged  expedient,  and 
approved  of  by  the  Commander  in  Chief;  in  which  care  shall  be  taken 
that  regular  returns  be  made  to  the  Board  of  War  of  the  number  of 
wagoners  ordered  to  bo  raised,  as  well  as  of  those  who  shall  actually 
engage  in  the  service;  that  the  same  form,  as  near  as  may  be,  shall  be 
pursued  in  mustering  and  paying  the  said  corps  of  wagoners  as  is 
prad  i<cd  with  respect  to  the  troops  of  the  line;  that  the  Quartermaster- 
General  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  paymaster  and  muster  master  for 
the  said  corps  of  wagoners,  and  transmit  their  names,  and  the  regula- 
tions hereby  authorized  to  be  made,  to  the  Board  of  War,  to  be  respec- 
tively registered. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army  be 
put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to 
arrests,  trials,  and  punishments. 

S.  Doc.  229 11 


162       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

April  17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  authorized  and  directed 
to  take  such  measures  for  enlisting  a  competent  number  of  wagoners, 
to  continue  in  service  for  nine  months,  or  cfuring  the  ensuing  campaign, 
as  shall  by  him  be  deemed  most  efficacious  and  proper. 

That  the  wagoners  so  enlisted  shall  receive  a  sum  not  exceeding  40 
dollars  per  month,  and  a  suit  of  clothes  as  a  bounty. 

That  such  regulations  shall  be  established  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General  for  the  conduct,  mustering,  and  paying  of  the  said  corps  of 
wagoners  as  shall  be  judged  expedient,  and  approved  of  by  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 

That  all  regulations  made  in  virtue  hereof,  and  the  number  of  wag- 
oners enlisted,  be,  from  time  to  time,  returned  and  reported  by  the 
Quartermaster-General  to  the  Board  of  War. 

Resolved,  That  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  16th  of  March,  on  the 
subject  of  enlisting  wagoners,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

April  23,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  empowered  and 
•directed  to  emplo}7  so  many  wagons  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the  use 
of  the  Army,  upon  the  best  terms  on  which  they  can  be  obtained;  pro- 
vided such  terms  are  approved  by  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

May  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  deputy  quartermasters-general  who  transact  busi- 
ness upon  commissions  shall  not  be  entitled  either  to  pay  or  rations; 
but  when  they  act  without  receiving  such  commissions,  whether  sta- 
tioned at  a  post  or  with  the  Army,  they  shall  be  allowed  200  dollars  per 
month,  two  rations  per  day,  and  40  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

That  the  pay  of  an  assistant  quartermaster  be  140  dollars  per  month 
and  the  usual  rations  and  subsistence. 

That  the  pay  of  a  deputy  wagon-master-general  be  100  dollars  per 
month  and  one  ration  per  day  and  20  dollars  per  month  subsistence; 
and  that  a  wagon  master  be  allowed  80  dollars  per  month,  one  ration 
per  day,  and  10  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

That  a  deputy  commissary-general  of  forage  attending  the  main 
Army,  or  attached  to  an  army  in  a  separate  department,  be  allowed 
the  same  pay  and  rations  as  a  deputy  quartermaster-general  acting 
without  commissions. 

That  the  assistant  commissaries  of  forage  either  attending  the  Army 
to  collect  forage  on  a  march,  or  those  employed  in  purchasing  under 
the  principal  purchasers  in  districts,  shall  have  the  same  allowance  as 
the  assistant  deputy  quartermasters-general;  and  the  forage  masters 
who  attend  the  receipt  and  issues  of  forage  at  posts  or  magazines,  and 
one  with  each  brigade  of  the  Army,  be  allowed  the  same  pay  and 
rations  as  wagon  masters. 

May  27, 1779. — The  troops  are  to  apply  to  the  Qnartennaster-4  ieneral  without  delay 
for  tents  in  the  following  proportion  for  each  regiment: 
One  marquee  and  one  horseman's  tent  for  the  field  officers. 
One  horseman's  tent  for  the  officers  of  each  company. 
One  walled  tent  for  the  adjutant. 
One  walled  tent  for  the  quartermaster. 
One  walled  tent  for  the  surgeon  and  mate. 
One  walled  tent  for  the  paymaster. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  163 

One  common  tent  for  the  sergeant-major  and  quartermaster-sergeant. 

One  common  tent  for  the  fife  and  dram  major. 

One  common  tent  for  the  noncommissioned  officers  of  each  company  and  one  for 
every  six  privates,  including  drum  and  fifes.  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle 
Brook: ) 

May  26,  1779. 

The  board  of  treasury  report  that  they  have  considered  a  letter  from 
the  board  of  war  of  the  21st  of  May     .     .     .     and  are  of  opinion — 

That  Colonel  Melchior  [barrack-inaster-general]  be  directed  to  dis- 
miss all  his  deputies  not  at  this  post  and  Charlottesville,  and  make 
report  of  the  names  and  stations  of  the  deputy  barrack  masters  so 
to  be  dismissed  to  the  Board  of  War,  who  shall  issue  orders  to  the 
Quartermaster-General  to  put  the  barracks  under  the  charge  of  his 
deputies. 

II  >  soloed,  That  Congress  agree  to  the  report.- 

June  U,  1779. 

ll<  solved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  empowered  to  allow 
and  pay  for  a  wagon,  driver,  and  four  horses,  13£  dollars,  one  ration 
and  forage  per  day;  shoeing  the  horses,  if  done  at  the  expense  of  the 
United  States,  to  be  deducted  from  the  wages. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  these  States  to  exempt  all 
drivers  of  wagons  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  from 
militia  duties,  and  from  all  fines  on  that  account,  while  they  are  engaged 
in  the  service,  and  that  such  service  shall  be  considered  and  allowed 
as  their  tour  of  duty  in  the  militia  for  such  time  as  they  are  thus 
engaged. 

July  9,  1779. 

Jli  solved,  That  the  executive  powers  of  each  State  be  earnestly 
requested  instantly  to  make  the  strictest  enquiry  into  the  conduct  of 
every  person  within  such  State  respectively  employed,  either  in  the 
Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  departments,  and  in  case  of  any  kind 
of  misbehavior,  or  strong  suspicion  thereof,  in  any  such  person  not 
bring  an  officer  immediately  appointed  by  Congress,  to  remove  or 
suspend  every  such  person,  ordering  him,  at  their  discretion,  to  be 
prosecuted  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States,  and  to  appoint  another 
in  his  place,  if  necessary,  and  so,  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may 
tic.  giving  notice  to  the  board  of  war,  and  also  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General  ...  in  whose  Department  such  removal  or  suspension 
shall  be,  of  the  change;  the  person  so  appointed  to  have  the  same 
authority  and  pay  which  the  person  removed  had  been  vested  with 
and  entitled  to,  or  such  pay  as  the  said  executive  powers,  respectively, 
shall  agree  for,  to  be  in  like  manner  subject  to  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment to  which  he  belongs,  and  to  observe  all  the  regulations  for  the 
government  of  deputy  quartermasters;  .  .  .  and  that  the  execu- 
tive powers  of  each  State  be  in  like  manner  requested  to  enquire  into 
the  number  of  persons  employed  in  the  Quartermaster-GeneraFs 
.  .  .  departments,  and  immediately  to  discharge  such  as  shall  be 
judged  unnecessary. 

August  17,  1779. 

Ordered,  That  two  members  be  added  to  the  committee  for  superin- 
tending the  departments  of  the  Quartermaster.     .     .     . 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Root  and  Mr.  Scudder. 


164       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  18, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  sum  of  10 
dollars  be  paid  to  every  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  monthly 
for  their  subsistence,  in  lieu  of  those  articles  of  food  originally 
intended  for  them  and  not  furnished. 

September  6, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to  erect  bar- 
racks at  the  expense  of  the  United  States  for  quartering  the  troops  in 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island. 

September  27, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  a  member  be  added  to  the  committee  appointed  to 
superintend  the  Quartermaster  .  .  .  departments,  and .  that 
another  be  elected  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Whipple,  who  is  absent. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Jenifer  and  Mr.  Mercer. 

October  13, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Jacob  Hiltzheimer  be  authorized  and  directed 
to  provide  for  the  horses  belonging  to  members  of  Congress;  that  for 
this  purpose  the  commissary-general  of  forage  be  directed  to  supply 
him  with  such  articles  of  forage,  and  of  such  qualities  as  he  shall 
direct,  together  with  the  account  of  the  cost  thereof.     .     .     . 

November  5,  1779. — Messrs.  Wynkoop  and  Forbes  were  added  to  the  committee 
appointed  to  superintend  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

November  12,  1779. l 

Resolved,  That  the  eleven  companies  of  artificers  raised  by  the 
Quartermaster-General  be  reformed,  and  incorporated  and  arranged 
in  such  manner  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  deem  proper. 

November  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commanding  officer  of  the  corps  of 
artificers  shall  be  allowed  the  same  pay  and  subsistence  as  a  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

That  the  allowance  of  pay,  subsistence,  and  clothing  of  the  other 
officers  and  men  of  the  said  artificers  be  the  same  as  that  of  the  artil- 
lery artificers  under  the  command  of  Colonel  B.  Flower. 

November  25,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  all  clothing  issued  to  .  .  .  enlisted 
artificers  and  wagoners,  beyond  those  allowed  to  them  as  a  bounty, 
shall  also  be  valued  and  paid  for  at  the  rate  before  mentioned;  but  no 
.     .     .     wagoner  or  artificer  shall  be  entitled  to  purchase  in  any  one 

1  This  entry  refers  to  the  corps  of  wagoners  authorized  by  the  resolve  of  March  16, 
1779;  these  companies  were  to  be  considered  part  of  the  quotas  of  the  80  battalions 
apportioned  in  the  several  States. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER^  DEPARTMENT.  165 

year,  out  of  the  public  store,  any  other  additional  articles  than  those 
of  hats,  hose,  shirts,  and  shoes,  and  not  more  of  these  than  are  abso- 
lutely necessary,  and  not  exceeding  the  number  of  the  like  articles 
allowed  as  their  bounty  clothing. 

That  ...  all  clothing  ...  to  wagoners  [shall  be  issued] 
or.  the  certificate  of  the  quartermaster-general,  one  of  the  assistant 
quartermasters-general,  or  of  the  deput}*  quartermaster-general  em- 
ploying them,  or  of  the  wagon-master-general  or  deputy  wagon-mas- 
tei-general  under  whom  they  serve. 

That  no  .  .  .  wagoner,  not  being  engaged  for  at  least  one  year, 
shall  receive  clothing,  and  if  any  such  officer,  artificer,  or  wagoner, 
being  engaged  for  one  year  or  more,  after  receipt  of  such  clothing, 
shall  quit  the  service  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  he 
or  they  are  or  shall  be  engaged,  he  or  they  shall  forfeit  and  pay  the 
full  value  of  such  clothing,  and  be  subject  to  all  other  penalties  and 
inconveniences  attending  his  or  their  breach  of  contract  or  desertion. 
*  *  * 

R(  solved,  That  the  departments  of  the  quartermaster-general  .  .  . 
be,  for  the  future,  under  the  superintendency  and  direction  of  the 
board  of  war,  and  that  the  committee  of  Congress  on  those  depart- 
ments deliver  over  to  the  board  of  war  all  papers  in  their  hands 
respecting  them,  and  thereupon  be  discharged. 

November  30,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be  directed  to  procure  from  the 
Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  the  forage  master  and  the  barrack- 
master-general  a  return  of  all  the  assistants,  deputies,  officers,  agents, 
and  other  persons  employed  in  their  respective  departments,  the  dis- 
tricts in  which  they  are  employed,  and  the  terms  upon  which  they  are 
engaged,  and  that  such  returns  be  made  by  the  first  day  of  January 
next. 

December  U,  1779. 

Whereas  the  aid  of  the  several  States  is  necessarj^  in  furnishing 
.  .  .  supplies  for  carrying  on  the  war,  and  justice  requires  that 
they  be  called  upon  to  furnish  their  respective  quotas  at  equitable 
prices: 

lu  solved,  That  all  the  States  shall  be  called  upon  to  furnish  their 
quotas  of  such  supplies  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  wanted  for 
carrying  on  the  war;  and  in  making  the  requisitions  due  care  shall  be 
taken  to  suit  the  convenience  of  the  several  States,  and  the  articles  by 
them  respectively  furnished  shall  be  credited  towards  their  quotas  of 
the  monies  which  they  are  called  upon  to  raise  for  the  United  States, 
at  equal  prices  for  articles  of  the  same  kind  and  quality,  and  for  others 
in  due  proportion,  and  the  accounts  shall  be  finally  compared  and 
adjusted  so  as  to  do  equity  to  all  the  States. 

Decemher  17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  when  the  legislature  of  any  State  shall  have  under- 
taken to  procure  its  quota  of  any  of  the  articles  required,  all  pur- 
chases of  such  articles  by  the  .  .  .  quartermasters  in  such  State 
be  discontinued.     .     .     . 


166      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

January  7,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  .  .  .  the  board  of  war  ...  be  directed  to 
discharge  immediately  the  supernumerary  officers  in  the  barrack- 
master's  department.     .     .     . 

January  20,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  department  of  the  barrack-master  gen- 
eral be  abolished. 

January  27, 1780. — Issues  of  quartermaster  stores  to  members  of  Congress  under  reso- 
lution of  October  2,  1777   ordered  discontinued. 

February  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  States  be  called  on  forthwith  to  procure 
their  respective  quotas  of  supplies  for  the  ensuing  campaign  as  follows, 
to  wit: 

Rhode  Island. —     .     .     .     400  tons  of  haj\ 

Connecticut.—     .     .     .     500  tons  of  hay. 

New  York. —  .  .  .  500  tons  of  hay,  30,000  bushels  of  indian 
corn  or  other  short  forage  equivalent. 

New  Jersey. —  .  .  .  3,500  tons  of  hay,  30,000  bushels  of  coin 
or  short  forage  equivalent. 

Pennsylvania. —  ...  .  1,700  tons  of  hay,  200,000  bushels  of  corn 
or  short  forage  equivalent. 

Delaware. —  .  .  .  500  tons  of  hay,  18,662  bushels  of  corn  or 
short  forage  equivalent. 

Maryland. —  .  .  .  200  tons  of  hay  or  corn  blade,  56,152  bushels 
of  corn  or  short  forage  equivalent.     .     .     . 

Virginia.—  .  .  .  400  tons  of  hay  or  corn  blade,  200,000  bush- 
els of  corn  or  short  forage  equivalent.     .     .     . 

North  Carolina. —  .  .  .  800  tons  of  hay  or  corn  blade,  80,000 
bushels  of  corn  or  short  forage  in  proportion. 

South  Carolina. —     .     .     .     800  tons  of  hay  or  corn  blade,  80,000 
bushels  of  corn  or  short  forage  equivalent. 
*  * 

Resolved,  That  the  articles  aforesaid  be  collected  and  deposited  or 
delivered  at  the  risk  of  the  respective  States  in  such  places  within 
each  State,  respectively,  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  .shall  judge  most 
convenient.     .     .     . 

Provided,  That  such  of  the  articles  as  shall  be  destined  or  taken  by 
the  enemy,  after  being  deposited  as  aforesaid,  or  which  shall  be 
damaged  by  long  keeping,  shall  be  paid  for  by  the  United  States. 

Resolved,  That  the  respective  States  be  credited  for  all  such  commod- 
ities, being  of  good  and  sufficient  quality,  as  shall  be  received  for  the 
use  of  the  United  States,  by  persons  appointed  to  inspect  the  same,  at 
the  prices  following,  to  wit: 

.  .  .  clean,  well-dried  indian  corn  per  bushel,  one-half  a  dol- 
lar; oats,  well  cleaned,  one  half  a  dollar  per  bushel;  .  .  .  best 
upland  first-crop  hay  per  ton,  $15;  best  indian  corn  blades  per  ton, 
$15.     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  all  the  accounts  between  these  States  relating  to 
their  quotas  of  the  supplies  aforesaid  shall  be  kept  and  finally  settled 
in  Spanish  milled  dollars,  and  the  balance  finally  paid  in  specie. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  167 

Resolved,  That  if  it  shall  appear,  on  an  adjustment  of  the  quotas  of 
the  several  States,  that  any  State  has  supplied  more  than  its  due  pro- 
portion in  value,  every  such  State  shall  be  paid  the  value  of  the  sur- 
plus, at  the  rates  aforesaid,  in  specie,  with  interest  at  6  per  centum 
per  annum,  from  the  time  each  surplus  shall  have  been  deposited  as 
above  directed;  and  every  State  which  shall  have  failed  to  supply  its 
due  proportion  shall  be  charged  with  the  deficiency,  at  the  rates  afore- 
said, and  the  like  interest  thereon,  from  the  time  that  the  same  ought 
to  have  been  deposited. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  States  cause  monthly  returns  to  be  made 
to  the  board  of  war  of  all  such  commodities  as  shall  be  procured  for 
the  use  of  the  United  States,  specifying  the  quantities  issued  in  each 
preceding  month. 

Re solved,  That  when  any  State  shall  have  taken  the  necessary 
measures  for  furnishing  its  quota  of  the  said  supplies,  and  shall  have 
given  information  thereof  to  Congress,  such  State  be  authorized  to 
carry  into  effect  the  resolution  of  the  17th  of  December  last,  for  dis- 
continuing purchases  of  such  supplies,  by  the  .  .  .  quarter- 
masters within  the  same. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  provisions  furnished  by  authority  of 
any  State,  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  since  the  first  day  of  December 
last  may  be  credited  as  part  of  the  quota  of  supplies  assigned  to  such 
State,  at  the  prices  fixed  in  the  foregoing  resolutions,  if  such  State 
desire  it. 

March  8,  1780. — "From  the  scarcity  of  forage  and  difficulty  of  obtaining  the  neces- 
sary supplies,  the  general  calls  for  a  strict  attention  to  the  order  of  the  8th  day  of 
I  December  last  for  sending  away  from  camp  as  many  horses  as  possible.  When  hay 
tan  not  be  issued  and  the  supplies  of  grain  will  admit  of  it,  eight  quarts  of  grain  are 
to  be  issued  daily  for  each  horse,  and  when  hay  is  issued,  four  quarts."  {Orders, 
(General  Headquarters.  Morristowi. ) 

July  15,  1780. 

Evolved,  That  there  be  one  Quartermaster-General  and  one  assistant 
quartermaster-general  appointed  by  Congress,  and  one  deputy  quarter- 
master for  the  main  Army  and  one  for  each  separate  army,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Quartermaster-General. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  appoint  one  deputy  for  each  State, 
if  he  shall  judge  so  many  to  be  necessary  and  the  same  be  approved 
by  the  board  of  war,  the  person  appointed  to  be  approved  of  by  the 
supreme  executive  of  the  State  in  which  he  is  to  be  employed. 

That  each  deputy,  whether  appointed  for  one  State  or  more,  shall 
appoint  as  many  assistants  as  the  service  may  necessarily  require  and 
the  Quartermaster-General  shall  approve,  and  a  return  of  such  appoint- 
ments shall  be  immediately  made  to  the  board  of  war  by  the  Quarter- 
master-General. 

That  all  storekeepers,  contractors,  clerks,  conductors,  artificers,  and 
laborers,  of  whatever  denomination,  who  may  be  found  necessary  for 
I  he  well  conducting  the  public  business  bo  appointed  by  the  deputies 
in  their  respective  districts,  and  that  they  employ  them  in  such  num- 
bers, for  such  time,  and  at  such  places  as  the  service  may  require  and 
on  such  conditions  as  shall  be  most  for  the  benefitof  the  public;  never- 
theless, if  they  are  agreed  with  or  continue  in  service  tor  any  longer 
time  than  two  months,  the  conditions  are  to  be  approved  by  the 
Quiirtcrin;isici-(  foneral. 

That  the  duty  of  a  deputy  quartermaster  for  a  State  shall  be  to  pro- 


168       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

vide  the  means  of  transportation  in  such  State  for  all  public  property 
agreeably  to  the  orders  he  may  receive  from  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
the  board  of  war,  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  the  officer  command- 
ing in  the  State,  to  provide  such  storehouses  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
preservation  of  the  public  property,  and  to  appoint  suitable  storekeep- 
ers, properly  instructed,  to  account  in  the  best  manner  the  nature  of 
the  business  will  admit,  agreeably  to  such  plans  as  the  Quartermaster- 
General  may  prescribe,  for  all  articles  received,  whether  provided  by 
the  State  in  the  State  or  received  from  another  State,  taking  care 
always  to  note  deficiencies  and  to  reject  such  as  are  deficient  in  qual- 
ity, whether  provided  by  the  State  or  in  any  other  manner  within  the 
State;  but  if  the  parties  are  dissatisfied,  the  storekeeper  and  the  per- 
son or  persons  so  tendering  the  goods  shall  each  nominate  three  of  the 
most  reputable  freeholders  in  the  vicinity  of  the  place  where  the  goods 
are  to  be  delivered,  the  storekeeper  to  appoint  one  of  the  three  nomi- 
nated by  the  person  or  persons  offering  the  goods,  and  he  or  they,  one  of 
those  named  by  the  storekeeper,  and  if  the  two  first  can  not  agree,  a 
third  is  to  be  chosen  by  lot  out  of  the  remaining  four  as  an  umpire,  the 
arbitrators  to  be  on  oath  and  copies  of  their  award  to  be  delivered  in 
writing  to  the  parties,  which  shall  be  binding  and  conclusive;  to  keep 
proper  registers  of  all  persons,  teams,  pack  horses,  vessels,  and  craft 
employed  in  the  department,  noting  the  manner  and  conditions  on 
which  they  serve  and  whether  the  teams,  pack  horses,  vessels,  or  craft 
are  private  or  public  property;  to  execute  all  orders,  either  for  pur- 
chases or  other  purposes,  which  he  may  receive  from  the  Commander 
in  Chief,  the  board  of  war,  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  the  com- 
manding officer  in  the  State;  to  pay  all  officers  in  the  different  parts 
of  the  State  who  shall  be  necessary  to  execute  the  business  of  the 
department  and  who  have  been  approved  as  aforesaid;  to  give  such 
instructions  with  respect  to  the  management  of  the  business  as  shall 
appear  necessary  to  nave  it  conducted  with  the  greatest  economy  and 
order,  and  at  the  same  time  with  that  despatch  which  the  service  may 
require;  to  apply  to  the  assistant  quartermaster-general  for  such  sums 
of  money  as  the  service  may  require,  and  to  distribute  the  same  in  such 
proportion  as  will  best  answer  the  purpose;  to  visit  all  the  places  of 
business  of  those  serving  under  him  as  often  as  his  other  duties  will 
admit,  and  see  whether  they  execute  their  duty  agreeably  to  the 
instructions  they  receive;  to  inspect  their  accounts,  books  of  receipts, 
and  issues,  and  to  correct  what  is  amiss;  to  collect  and  render  his 
accounts  of  expenditures  and  returns  of  public  property  and  persons 
employed  in  the  department  every  three  months,  and  to  make  return 
to  the  assistant  quartermaster-general  of  all  the  issues  that  have  been 
made,  mentioning  the  articles,  quantity  or  number  of  each,  on  whose 
application  or  order  issued,  and  to  whom  delivered;  to  see  that  all 
stores  provided  in  one  State  to  be  forwarded  to  another  be  carefully 
inspected,  that  the  quantity  and  quality  is  agreeable  to  the  order  given 
before  they  are  sent  forward;  to  confine  all  the  contracts  or  bargains 
of  the  contractors  and  agents  of  every  denomination  within  the  State 
to  which  they  belong,  to  prevent  one  contractor  interfering  with 
another;  to  make  such  provision  for  wintering  or  recruiting  public 
horses  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  convenience  and  support  of  the 
Army,  and  generally  to  do  and  perform  everything  necessary  to  pro- 
mote the  service. 

That  the  duty  of  the  assistant  quartermaster-general  shall  be  to  reside 
near  Congress,  to  frame  plans  for  keeping  accounts  in  the  department, 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  169 

and  to  accommodate  them  to  the  nature  of  the  business  in  the  best  pos- 
sible manner  for  preserving  regularity;  and  after  the  Quartermaster- 
General  shall  approve  thereof,  to  transmit  them  to  the  deputies  in  the 
several  States,  as  a  rule  for  their  stating  and  keeping  their  accounts, 
to  be  by  them  communicated  to  all  their  under  agents;  to  receive  from 
the  Army  and  the  districts  the  accounts  and  vouchers  arising  therein 
to  the  first  day  of  December,  and  to  lay  them  before  the  chamber  of 
accounts  for  settlement  by  the  first  day  of  January;  to  apply  to  the 
Board  of  Treasury  for  such  sums  of  money  as  the  Quartermaster-General 
shall  direct,  and  distribute  the  same  as  the  several  branches  of  the 
department  may  require;  to  make  such  remarks  and  give  such  direc- 
tions to  the  deputies  in  the  several  States  as  shall  be  found  necessary 
for  saving  expense  or  preserving  order  in  the  business;  to  receive  from 
the  respective  deputies,  at  the  end  of  every  three  months,  returns  of 
all  persons  employed,  how,  where,  and  on  what  conditions,  and  returns 
of  all  public  property  belonging  to  the  department,  and  where  depos- 
ited, made  out  in  four  distinct  columns,  one  containing  what  has  not 
been  issued,  another  what  is  in  use,  the  third  what  has  been  used  and 
wants  repairing,  and  the  fourth  what  is  unfit  for  further  service  and 
still  of  some  value;  these  returns  to  be  made  agreeably  to  such  forms 
as  shall  be  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster-General. 

That  the  returns  be  made  to  the  assistant  quartermaster-general  in 
March,  June,  September,  and  December,  and  that  the  general  returns 
be  furnished  to  the  Quartermaster-General  as  soon  as  possible. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  appoint  one  commissary  of  forage 
for  the  main  army  and  so  many  deputies,  forage  masters,  clerks,  and 
laborers  as  the  service  may  require  and  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall 
approve  of;  a  deputy  commissary  of  forage  and  as  many  clerks  and 
laborers  for  each  separate  army  as  the  service  may  require  and  the 
commanding  officer  of  such  separate  army  shall  approve  of. 

That  the  duty  of  a  commissary  of  forage  and  of  a  deputy  commis- 
sary of  forage  with  a  separate  army  shall  be  to  provide  forage  and 
pasture  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  camp,  by  purchase  or  otherwise, 
as  the  case  may  require,  and  to  distribute  the  same;  to  correspond  with 
the  deputy  quartermasters  in  the  States  in  or  near  which  the  army 
may  be  and  make  seasonable  requisitions  from  them  for  such  quanti- 
ties of  forage  as  the  service  may  require,  and  to  receive  and  issue 
the  same  to  the  army  in  such  manner  and  proportion  as  is  hereafter 
directed. 

That  the  wages  of  the  people  employed  in  the  forage  branch,  as 
well  as  the  price  of  forage  purchased  and  hire  of  pasture  as  aforesaid, 
and  all  other  contingent  expenses  of  the  department,  be  directed  for 
payment  to  the  Quartermaster-General's  pay  office;  that  the  commis- 
sary of  forage  or  his  deputy  certify  the  sums  due,  and  that  the  same 
have  been  fully  examined;  that  such  orders  or  certificates  for  payment 
be  presented  to  the  auditor  of  accounts  in  the  Quartermaster  General's 
office  and  pass  from  him  to  the  pay  office;  but  when  from  sudden  move- 
ments of  the  army  the  certificates  lor  pasturage  or  forage  furnished  in 
the  vicinity  thereof,  signed  by  the  commissary  of  forage  or  his  deputy, 
can  not  be  brought  for  payment  to  the  Quartermaster-General's  pay 
office  in  camp  without  great  inconvenience  to  the  possessors  of  the 
same,  such  certificates  shall  bo  paid  by  the  deputy  quartermaster  of 
the  State  in  which  the  same  shall  have  been  furnished,  the  sums  and 
articles  furnished  Icing  inserted  in  words  at  full  length;  and  to  pre- 
vent frauds  the  commissary  of  forage,  or  deputy  with  a  separate  army, 


170       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

shall  furnish  the  deputy  quartermaster  of  the  State  in  which  the  army 
may  serve  with  a  list  of  the  persons  employed  in  the  forage  branch,  in 
their  own  handwriting-,  and  the  printed  form  of  certificates  generally 
made  use  of  by  them. 

That  the  commissary  of  forage,  or  deputy  with  a  separate  army,  fix 
upon  such  places  for  receiving  and  issuing  forage  to  the  army  as  shall 
best  accommodate  the  service;  and  that  written  instructions  be  given 
to  the  keeper  of  the  magazine  of  forage,  how  and  to  whose  order  to 
issue  the  same;  that  proper  entries  be  made  in  a  book,  to  be  kept  for 
the  purpose,  of  all  receipts  and  issues,  and  that  the  orders  be  numbered 
and  filed  to  agree  with  the  entries  in  the  book. 

That  the  forage  masters  and  keepers  of  the  army  magazines  shall 
make  weekly  returns  to  the  commissary  of  forage,  or  to  the  deputy 
with  a  separate  army,  of  all  forage  received  and  issued,  and  of  ail 
pasturage  made  use  of,  and  certificates  given  for  the  same;  and  that 
the  commissary  of  forage,  or  deputj^  with  a  separate  army,  shall,  at 
the  end  of  every  four  weeks,"  make  returns  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  or  deputy  quartermaster  with  a  separate  army,  of  all  the 
forage  received  at  the  magazines  or  collected  from  the  country,  and 
of  the  issues  of  the  same;  also  of  all  certificates  for  pasturage  or 
forage  which  have,  within  that  time,  been  given  for  settlement  at  the 
Quartermaster-General's  pay  office. 

That  forage  for  the  wagon  horses  be  issued  on  the  returns  of  the 
respective  conductors,  countersigned  by  the  wagon  master  or  his 
deputy;  and  for  other  horses,  on  the  order  of  the  officers  entitled  to 
receive  forage  by  virtue  of  these  regulations;  and  if  any  officer  in  the 
forage  department  shall  issue  forage  in  any  other  manner,  or  in 
larger  proportions  than  is  precribed  in  these  regulations,  he  shall  be 
charged  with  and  pay  the  full  value  of  such  extra  forage,  and  be  dis- 
missed from  the  service. 

That  there  be  no  deput}T  commissary  of  forage  or  forage  master 
appointed  except  for  the  main  army,  or  a  separate  arnry,  and  that  all 
forage  which  it  may  hereafter  be  necessary  to  issue  at  any  post  be  issued 
by  the  deputy  quartermaster  of  the  State,  his  assistants,  or  storekeepers. 

That  the  deputy  quartermaster  of  the  State  shall  appoint  the  maga- 
zines or  places  at  which  forage  shall  be  issued,  and  none  shall  be  issued 
at  any  other;  nor  shall  any  forage  be  issued  at  such  post  to  any  officer, 
unless  he  certifies  upon  honor,  on  his  return,  that  he  is  not  on  furlough 
nor  absent  from  the  army  on  his  private  business. 

That  a  ration  of  forage  shall  consist  of  14  pounds  of  haj'  and  8  quarts 
of  oats  for  a  saddle  horse,  and  16  pounds  of  hay  and  12  quarts  of  oats, 
or  other  short  forage  equivalent,  for  a  draught  horse,  per  day;  that  in 
cases  where  either  of  the  above  articles  can  not  be  furnished,  a  double 
quantity  of  the  other  shall  be  considered  as  a  complete  ration. 

And  whereas  the  great  number  of  issuing  posts  established  in  these 
States  have,  by  experience,  been  found  very  burdensome  and  expensive : 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  August  next  no  post, 
without  troops  there  stationed,  and  in  the  continental  service,  shall  be 
continued  or  established  in  any  State  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States, 
nor  public  provisions  or  forage  issued  thereat,  but  by  order  of  the  Board 
of  War,  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate 
army;  and  such  orders  shall  be  given  only  in  cases  when,  in  their 
opinion,  the  obtaining  provision  or  forage  in  any  other  way  would  be 
impracticable. 

And  whereas  it  may  sometimes  happen  that  there  is  a  necessity  to 


THE  QUAETEEMASTEE's  DEPARTMENT.  171 

detain  hired  teams,  the  owners  of  which  were  to  find  their  own  forage 
and  provisions,  beyond  the  time  for  which  such  teams  were  engaged, 
and  who,  if  their  own  forage  and  provisions  are  expended,  must  have 
recourse  to  the  public  magazines: 

Resolved,  That  such  teams,  and  their  conductors  and  drivers,  so 
detained  and  become  destitute  of  forage  and  provisions,  shall  be  sup- 
plied out  of  the  public  magazines,  upon  the  written  order  of  the  officer 
by  whose  order  they  shall  have  been  detained;  and  the  wagon  master 
or  his  deputy  or  other  person  under  whose  direction  such  teams  be 
employed,  before  he  signs  their  discharge,  shall  caused  to  be  endorsed 
thereon,  by  the  forage  master  and  commissary,  or  storekeeper  (as  the 
case  may  be),  the  number  of  rations  of  forage  and  provisions  furnished 
to  such  teams  and  their  conductors  and  drivers,  that  the  same  may  be 
deducted  out  of  the  wages  due  to  the  owners  of  such  hired  teams; 
that,  excepting  in  the  cases  above  mentioned,  no  provisions  or  forage 
be  drawn  by  any  person  not  actually  serving  with  the  Army  or  some 
detachment  thereof. 

That  there  be  one  wagon  master  with  the  main  Army,  and  as  many 
deputies,  clerks,  and  conductors  as  the  service  may  require  and  the 
Commander  in  Chief  shall  approve  of;  that  there  be  a  deputy  for  each 
separate  army,  with  as  many  assistants,  clerks,  and  conductors  as  the 
same  may  require  and  the  commanding  officer  shall  approve  of. 

That  the  wagon  master  and  deputy  with  a  separate  army  shall  keep 
an  exact  register  of  all  persons  and  teams  employed  with  the  army  in 
his  department,  distinguishing  by  proper  columns  the  private  and 
public  property;  that  he  keep  exact  registers  of  all  payrolls,  noting 
the  time  and  conditions  of  payment;  that  in  every  pay  roll  the  names 
and  employment  of  every  person  be  inserted  at  full  length;  and  that 
the  roll  be  signed  by  the  wagon  master  or  deputy  with  a  separate 
army,  and  then  pass  to  the  auditor  of  accounts  in  the  office  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,  or  deputy  in  a  separate  army,  and  from  him 
to  the  respective  pay  office. 

That  the  wagon  master,  or  deputy  in  a  separate  army,  give  all  the 
orders  on  the  horse  yard  for  horses  to  equip  the  teams,  and  orders  on 
the  store  for  harness;  and  every  deputy  or  assistant  receiving  horses 
or  harness  upon  such  order  shall  be  charged  with  the  same  in  his 
books,  and  be  made  to  account  by  his  weekly  or  monthly  returns  for 
the  horses  or  harness  delivered  to  him. 

That  the  wagon  master  shall  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General, or  oftener,  if  required,  of  all  persons,  teams,  and 
horses  einplo}red  in  his  department,  noting  where  and  with  whom 
serving,  adding  a  column  of  casualties  in  which  to  insert  the  deaths, 
stolen  or  strayed  horses,  and  also  the  harness  that  may  be  lost,  and 
generally  to  make  such  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  wagoners 
as  shall  be  best  calculated  to  preserve  public  property,  and  to  give 
them  as  a  standing  order  to  all  the  wagon  masters,  the  Quartermaster- 
General  approving  thereof;  that  the  like  duties  be  performed  by  the 
deputy  wagon  master  of  a  separate  army. 

That  the  quartermaster  have  liberty,  with  the  approbation  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  or  commander  of  a  separate  army,  to  take  such 
and  so  many  officers  from  the  line  of  the  Army  to  serve  in  his  depart- 
ment as  he  may  find  necessary,  and  as  are  willing  to  engage  in  the 
business. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  establish  a  horse  yard  with  the 
army  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  issuing  all  public  horses;  and 


172       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

that  the  person  appointed  deliver  none  from  the  yard  but  b}r  the 
order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  his 
deputy,  or  the  wagon  master. 

The  same  regulations  to  take  place  with  a  separate  army. 

That  an  exact  register  be  kept  of  the  receipt  and  delivery  of  all 
horses,  from  whom  received,  to  whom  delivered,  and  by  whose  order; 
and  also  of  all  horses  that  may  die,  be  stolen,  or  stray  from  the  yard, 
or  that  are  ordered  to  be  sold  by  the  Quartermaster-General  as  unfit 
for  further  service;  and  that  returns  of  all  transactions  of  the  yard  be 
made  to  the  Quartermaster-General's  office  monthly,  and  as  much 
oftener  as  the  Quartermaster-General  may  direct. 

Whereas  it  is  necessary  that  every  army  should  be  limited  in  the 
article  of  baggage  (this  regulation  being  essential,  as  well  as  to  save 
expense  as  to  prevent  the  army  from  being  embarrassed  in  its  opera- 
tions), and  that  every  officer  should  have  only  such  a  quantity  of  bag- 
gage as  is  essential  to  his  comfort  and  appearance: 

Mesolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 
by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  man}'  baggage 
wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  majr  think  necessary,  to  wit: 


Major-general  and  family 

Brigadier-general  and  family 

Colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major 

Captains  and  subalterns  of  a  regiment,  for  their  baggage 

Surgeon,  paymaster,  adjutant,  and  quartermaster  (regi- 
mental staff) 

Brigade  quartermaster « 

For  the  tents  of  a  regiment,  for  every  75  men  (but  this  to  be 
varied  according  to  the  weight  of  the  tents  and  state  of  the 
roads) 

Quartermaster-general,  for  his  baggage  according  to  his  rank, 
for  his  books,  papers,  etc.,  as  many  as  he  shall  find  neces- 


sary. 


Covered 
4-horse 
wagon. 


Open 
4-horse 

wagon. 


2-horse 
wagon. 


Bat- 
horses. 


Deputy  quartermaster,  with  the  main  army,  or  with  a  sepa- 
rate army,  for  his  books,  papers,  etc.,  as  many  as  they  may 
demand 

Commissary  of  forage  with  the  main  army 

Deputy  commissary  of  forage  with  a  separate  army 

Wagon  master  and  clerks 

Deputy  wagon  masters  with  the  main  army,  each , 

Deputy  wagon  master  with  a  separate  army,  clerks  and  as- 
sistants   , 

Inspector-general,  for  his  baggage  according  to  hisrank,  and 
for  his  papers,  etc.,  according  as  the  service  may  require  or 
Commander  in  Chief  may  direct , , 

Subinspector 

Brigade  inspector 

Adjutant-general  and  assistants 

Deputy  adjutant-general  with  a  separate  army 

Judge-advocate , 

Commissary  of  prisoners , 

Deputy  judge-advocate  with  a  separate  army 

Deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  with  a  separate  army 

Provost-marshal  with  his  prisoners  and  guards 

A  commissary  and  his  deputy  of  purchases  or  issues 

A  deputy  commissary  with  a  separate  army 

Field  commissary  of  military  stores  and  his  deputy  with  the 
main  army 

Deputy  commissary  of  military  stores  with  a  separate  army. . 

Auditors  of  the  main  army,  for  their  baggage,  books,  papers, 
etc 


Auditors  for  a  separate  army 

Deputy  paymaster,  either  with  the  main  army  or  with  asepa- 

rate  army 

Field  postmaster 

Express  rider 


or  2 

i 

or  2 
1 


or  2 
or  2 
or  2 
or  2 


or  2 
or  2 


or  2 
or  2 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  173 

Provided,  That  if  the  number  of  wagons,  stated  as  above,  should 
prove  insufficient,  the  Quartermaster-General  may  occasionally  furnish 
such  additional  carriage  as  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding 
officer  of  a  separate  army,  or  the  Board  of  War  may  direct. 

Whereas  the  business  of  deputy  quartermasters,  serving  in  the  dif- 
ferent States,  may  vary  greatly  from  one  another;  and  whereas  that 
allowance  which  would  be  ample  in  some  States  would  be  inadequate 
in  others: 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  authorized  to  fix  the 
pay  of  each  deputy  to  conduct  the  business  of  his  department  in  the 
States  according  to  the  duties  they  have  to  perform,  and  the  expenses 
they  will  be  at  in  executing  the  same,  so  that  the  pay  of  no  deputy 
exceed  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  dollars  per  month,  without  provi 
sioB  or  forage,  always  having  regard  to  the  merit  and  service  of  the 
person  appointed,  and  which  shall  be  approved  by  the  Board  of  War. 

That  the  pay  of  the  assistant  deputy  quartermasters  be  settled  by 
the  deput}^  quartermaster  under  whom  they  respectively  serve,  accord- 
ing to  the  duties  they  have  to  perform,  and  the  expense  they  will  be 
at  in  executing  the  same,  so  as  the  pay  of  no  assistant  deputy  quarter- 
master exceed  seventy-five  dollars  per  month,  without  provisions  or 
forage,  always  having  regard  to  the  merit  and  services  of  the  person 
appointed,  and  which  shall  be  approved  of  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General. 

That  the  pay  of  the  officers  in  the  Quartermaster-General's  Depart- 
ment, who  are  attached  to  the  main  or  a  separate  army  and  move 
with  it,  be  as  follows: 

Quartermaster-General,  in  addition  to  his  pay  as  an  officer  in  the 
line,  at  the  rate  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  per  month. 

Assistant  quartermaster-general,  who  is  to  reside  near  Congress,  at 
the  rate  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  per  month. 

Deput}^  quartermaster,  thirty-five  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to 
his  pay  in  the  line. 

Brigade  quartermaster,  twenty  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his 
pay  in  the  line. 

Commissary  of  forage,  seventy-five  dollars  per  month,  and  two 
rations  of  provisions  per  day. 

Deputy  commissary  of  forage,  forty  dollars  per  month,  and  one 
ration  of  provisions  per  day. 

Forage  master,  in  addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line  of  the  Army,  ten 
dollars  per  month. 

Wagon  master,  sixty  dollars  per  month  and  two  rations  of  provi- 
sions per  day. 

Deputy  wagon  master,  forty-five  dollars  per  month  and  one  ration 
of  provisions  per  day. 

Assistant  wagon  master  in  a  separate  army,  forty  dollars  per  month 
and  one  ration  of  provisions  per  day. 

Conductor  of  wagons,  when  not  of  the  line  of  the  Army,  thirty -five 
dollars  per  month  and  one  ration  of  provisions  per  day;  when  of  the 
line  of  the  Army,  twelve  dollars  per  month  in  addition  to  his  pay  in 
the  line. 

That  the  foregoing  salaries  be  paid  in  specie  or  other  money  equiva- 
lent. 

Whereas,  in  order  to  prevent  the  unnecessary  consumption  of  for- 
age, it  is  requisite  to  determine  what  officers  shall  be  supplied  with 


174       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

forage  at  the  public  expense  and  to  fix  the  quantity  that  shall  be  fur- 
nished to  each: 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bat  horses  by  these  regulations  there  be  issued  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief  and  to  the  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  arnry  and  to  those 
of  their  suite  as  many  rations  as  the  service  shall  require. 

To  a  major-general  and  family,  seven;  brigadier-general  and  family, 
six;  colonel  of  infantry  or  artillery,  two;  lieutenant-colonel,  two; 
major,  two;  chaplain,  one;  surgeon,  one;  paymaster,  one;  adjutant, 
one;  quartermaster,  one;  brigade  quartermaster,  one;  captain  of  engi- 
neers, one;  Quartermaster-General,  as  the  service  may  require;  deputy 
quartermaster  with  the  Arm}T,  one;  commissary  of  forage,  two;  deputy 
commissary  of  forage,  one;  wagon  master  and  clerks,  three;  deputy 
wagon  master,  one;  deputy  wagon  master  with  a  separate  army,  two; 
assistant  wagon  master  with  a  separate  army,  one;  Inspector-General, 
agreeable  to  his  rank;  subinspector,  in  addition  to  what  he  draws  in 
the  line,  one;  Adjutant-General  and  his  family,  including  what  he  may 
draw  in  the  line,  seven;  deputy  adjutant-general  for  a  separate  army, 
three,  including  what  he  may  draw  in  the  line;  commissary  of  pris- 
oners, two;  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  with  a  separate  army, 
two;  deputy  serving  with  the  main  army,  one;  judge-advocate,  two; 
provost-martial,  one;  commissary -general  of  purchases,  four;  commis- 
sary-general of  issues,  two;  brigade  commissary,  one;  field  commissary 
of  military  stores,  two;  deputy  field  commissary  of  military  stores, 
one;  deputy  paymaster,  one;  auditors  for  the  Army,  each  one. 

That  the  officers  of  cavalry  be  allowed  to  draw  forage  or  pay  for  the 
same,  under  the  like  regulations  as  other  officers,  for  the  following 
number  of  horses,  provided  they  actually  keep  the  same:  A  colonel, 
three;  lieutenant-colonel,  two;  major,  two;  captain,  two;  lieutenant, 
one;  cornet,  one;  paymaster,  quartermaster,  and  adjutant,  exclusive 
of  allowances  as  officers  in  the  line,  each  one;  surgeon,  one. 
*  *  * 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  take  such  measures  for  providing 
camp  equipage  and  make  such  regulations  for  distributing  the  same  as 
he  shall  find  necessary  and  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  the  Board  of 
War  shall  approve;  and  that  he  also  take  measures  for  engaging  such 
artificers  as  the  service  from  time  to  time  may  require,  in  addition  to 
the  regimental  artificers,  and  as  shall  be  approved  by.  the  Commander 
in  Chief;  and  that  he  generally  make  such  arrangements  as  shall  be 
necessary  to  manage  the  business  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department, 
either  with  the  main  army,  a  separate  army,  or  detachment. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  with  a  separate  army 
shall  furnish  such  horses  for  special  purposes  and  on  particular  appli- 
cations as  he  shall  think  the  good  of  the  service  may  require,  and 
whenever  any  doubt  arises  that  the  matter  be  referred  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  or  the  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army  for 
their  instructions. 

That  no  purchases  of  horses  or  any  other  articles  with  the  main  army 
or  in  any  of  the  States  for  the  use  of  the  Army  in  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  Department  be  made  unless  by  order  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  by  a  deputy  quartermaster  with  a  separate  army  or  garrison. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  make  returns  to  the  Commander 
in  Chief  and  Board  of  War,  as  soon  as  possible  after  they  are  deliv- 
ered in  to  him  by  the  assistant  quartermaster-general,  of  all  officers 
and  other  persons  employed  and  stores  belonging  to  the  department. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  175 

and  that  a  deputy  serving  with  a  separate  army  or  with  a  garrison 
make  returns  quarterly  in  the  months  aforementioned,  agreeably  to 
the  directions  given  to  a  deputy  of  a  State,  which  the  Quartermaster- 
General  shall  include  in  his  general  return. 

That  all  officers  in  the  Quartermaster- General's  Department,  of 
whatever  denomination,  shall  take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  oath 
of  office  prescribed  by  Congress  before  they  enter  on  business. 

That,  with  the  returns  before  directed  to  be  made  of  the  name  and 
station  of  each  person  to  be  appointed  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, there  be  also  at  the  same  time  certificates  returned  therewith 
of  their  having  respectively  taken  the  oaths  and  qualifications  afore- 
mentioned. 

That  in  settling  the  accounts  of  officers  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  to  be  appointed  by  this  act  of  Congress  no  pay  or  allow- 
ance whatever  be  granted  to  any  person  employed  in  that  department 
whose  name  and  emploj^ment,  together  with  a  certificate  of  his  taking 
the  aforesaid  oaths,  shall  not  be  duly  returned  in  the  manner  above 
directed. 

That  the  Board  of  War  shall  have  power  to  suspend  and  dismiss  all 
supernumerary  officers  that  may  be  employed  in  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  Department. 

Resolved,  That  Major-General  Greene  be  continued  in  the  office  of 
Quartermaster-General;  that  he  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  make 
the  appointments  and  arrangements  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, agreeably  to  the  foregoing  resolutions,  as  soon  as  possible. 

Provided,  That  nothing  contained  in  the  foregoing  resolutions  shall 
be  construed  to  annul  the  resolution  of  the  9th  day  of  July,  1779, 
authorizing  the  executive  authority  of  the  respective  States  to  correct 
abuses  in  the  staff  departments,  or  to  vacate  any  appointment  made 
or  that  may  be  made  by  Major-General  Gates  for  the  southern  army, 
agreeably  to  the  resolution  of  the  14th  day  of  June  last. 

Resolved,  That  it  be,  and  it  is  hereby,  recommended  to  the  legisla- 
tures of  the  several  States  in  which  the  Army  may  serve  to  make 
provision  for  furnishing  the  horses  of  the  Army,  or  detachments 
thereof,  with  a  sufficient  supply  of  pasturage,  and  with  such  hay  or 
forage  as  can  be  spared  from  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Army 
or  detachment  thereof,  the  same  to  be  settled  and  paid  for  by  the 
Quartet  ■nutster-General  with  the  Army  or  by  the  deputy  in  the  State. 

July  20,  1780. 

Resolved^  That  Henr}r  Hollingsworth,1  deputy  quartermaster- 
general,  be,  and  hereby  is,  suspended,  and  that  some  other  person  be 
appointed  to  transact  the  business  of  that  department. 

July  U,  1780. 

/,'<  solved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed 
immediately  (<>  appoint  such  suitable  person  as  shall  be  approved  by 

'Deputy   Quartermaster-Geueral    II.  Hollingsworth  was  suspended,  one  of  the 

vouchers  in  his  accounts  having  a  forged  signature,  and  August  8  Congress  directed 
the  Board  of  Treasury  to  inquire  into  the  matter  and  report  to  Congress.  On  the 
report  of  the  hoard,  Congress  resolved  that  the  Board  <>l  Treasury  refer  the  case  to 
the  executive  of  the  State  of  Maryland  and,  on  the  report  of  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
general  court  of  that  State,  resolved,  November  21,  1782,  that  the  complaint  be 
dismissed. 


176       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  supreme  executive  authority  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  to  act  as 
deputy  quartermaster  in  the  said  State,  agreeably  to  the  late  regula- 
tion of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  in  order  that  the  measures 
therein  provided  for  collecting  forage  and  transporting  provisions  and 
other  public  stores  may  be  taken  as  soon  as  possible. 

That,  until  such  deputy  is  so  appointed  and  approved,  Moore  Fur- 
man  [deputy  quartermaster]  be  authorized  to  receive  from  the  State 
commissaries  such  quantity  of  forage,  out  of  the  supplies  purchased 
for  the  United  States,  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  him  to  forward 
the  transportation  of  public  stores;  and  that  Governor  Livingston  be 
requested  to  give  orders  to  the  State  commissaries  to  deliver  the  same 
accordingly,  if  such  order  shall  be  necessary. 

July  26,1780. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  an  assistant  quartermaster- 
general,  to  reside  near  Congress,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Charles  Pettit,  esq.,  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 
by  Mr.  Armstrong. 

August  5,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  absolute  refusal  of  Major-General  Greene,  at  this 
important  crisis,  to  act  under  the  new  arrangement  of  the  Quarter- 
master-General's Department  has  made  it  necessary  that  the  office  of 
Quartermaster-General  be  immediately  filled. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  unanimously,  That  Congress  proceed  to  the  election  of  a 
Quartermaster-  General . 

Congress  accordingly  proceeded,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken 
Mr.  Timothy  Pickering  was  elected. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  Timothy  Pickering,  esq.,  having  been  appointed 
Quartermaster-General  upon  an  extraordinary  emergency,  be  con- 
tinued as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  War,  but  that  the  exercise  of  all 
his  powers  at  the  said  board,  and  his  pay  as  a  member  thereof,  be  sus- 
pended during  such  time  as  he  shall  continue  Quartermaster-General. 

That  while  ne  holds  the  office  of  Quartermaster-General  he  have  the 
rank  of  colonel,  and  the  pay  and  rations  of  «a  brigadier-general,  over 
and  above  the  pay  allowed  the  Quartermaster-General  in  the  late 
arrangement  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

August  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  assistant  quartermaster-general  be  allowed  one 
or  more  clerks,  as  the  nature  of  the  service  may  require  and  the 
Board  of  War  shall  approve. 

August  19,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Major-Gen.  Greene,  late  quartermaster-general,  be, 
and  hereby  is,  directed  to  furnish  Col.  Pickering,  quartermaster- 
general,  with  returns  of  all  buildings,  vessels  and  craft,  horses,  wagons, 
stores  and  articles,  of  what  kind  soever,  in  possession  or  under  the 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  177 

direction  of  any  officers  or  persons  emplo3'ed  under  him  in  his  late 
department,  and  which  arc  occupied  on  account  of  or  belong-  to  the 
United  States;  and  also  with  full  information  in  writing  of  all  public 
contracts  and  purchases  by  them  made  of  which  the  terms  have  not 
been  fully  executed,  or  the  services  or  articles  contracted  for  or  pur- 
chased have  not  been  completely  rendered  or  delivered; 

That  in  the  meantime  he  direct  all  officers  and  others  employed 
under  him,  on  the  demand  of  any  deputy  or  storekeeper  appointed 
under  the  plan  for  regulating  the  quartermaster-general's  department, 
deliver  to  such  deputy  or  storekeeper,  on  their  producing  their 
appointments,  respectively,  and  the  orders  of  the  quartermaster- 
general  to  receive  them,  all  the  articles  before  enumerated  and  any 
others  in  their  possession  or  under  their  direction  which  are  occupied 
on  account  of  or  belong  to  the  United  States,  together  with  the  written 
evidences  of  the  contracts  and  purchases  aforesaid  which  yet  remain 
unexecuted. 

August  22,  1780. 

Whereas  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  effectually  to  prevent  the 
destruction,  waste,  embezzlement,  and  misapplication  of  the  public 
stores  .  .  .  ,  upon  which  the  existence  of  the  armies  of  these 
United  States  may  depend,  and  no  adequate  provision  hath  been  made 
for  the  just  punishment  of  delinquents  in  the  departments  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,     .     .     .     ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  every  person  in  any  of  the  said  departments  intrusted 
with  the  care  of  provisions  or  military  or  hospital  stores,  or  other 
property  of  these  United  States,  who  shall  be  convicted  at  a  general 
court-martial  of  having  sold  without  a  proper  order  for  that  purpose, 
embezzled,  or  wilfully  misapplied,  damaged,  or  spoiled  any  of  the 
provisions,  horses,  forage,  arms,  clothing,  ammunition,  or  other  mili- 
tary or  hospital  stores,  or  property  belonging  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  shall  suffer  death  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be 
directed  by  a  general  court-martial,  according  to  the  nature  and  degree 
of  the  offense,  at  the  discretion  of  such  court;  and  any  person  in  any 
of  the  said  departments  intrusted  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  be  convicted 
at  a  general  court-martial  of  having,  through  neglect,  suffered  any  of 
the  articles  aforesaid  to  be  wasted,  spoiled,  or  damaged,  shall  suffer 
such  punishment  as  the  said  court  shall,  in  their  discretion,  direct, 
according  to  the  degree  of  the  offense. 

August  23,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  no  certificates  issued  in  the  Quartermaster's  .  .  . 
Department  after  the  15th  day  of  September  next  afford  any  claim  upon 
the  United  States  unless  issued  under  the  following  regulations: 

1st.  That  they  be  for  services  performed  or  articles  purchased  within 
their  respective  departments. 

2dly.  The  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  shall  themselves  sign  all 
such  certificates  as  are  issued  in  their  respective  departments. 

Sdly.  All  such  certificates  shall  be  given  for  specie  or  other  current 
money  equivalent. 

4thly.  All  contracts  or  purchases  made  for  which  certificates  shall 
be  given  shall  be  made  for  specie  value. 
S.  Doc.  229 12 


178       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

5thly.  The  articles  so  purchased  shall  be  enumerated  in  such  certifi- 
cates, with  the  rates  and  prices  thereof;  and  the  prices  shall  be  reason- 
able when  the  present  circumstances  of  our  affairs  are  compared  with 
the  cost  of  articles  of  like  quality  or  services  performed  in  the  year 
1775,  or  when  compared  with  the  allowance  by  Congress  to  the  United 
States,  as  expressed  in  their  resolution  of  the  25th  of  February  last. 

Resolved,  That  certificates  issued  under  and  agreeable  to  the  fore- 
going regulations  shall  bear  an  interest  of  six  per  cent  per  annum  from 
the  time  stipulated  for  payment  until  paid. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  be,  and  hereby 
are,  strictly  enjoined  to  make  monthly  returns  of  their  purchases  and 
proceedings  to  the  Board  of  War  and  make  monthly  returns,  to  wit,  on 
the  last  day  of  every  month  to  the  Board  of  Treasury  of  all  certificates 
so  issued  as  aforesaid. 

August  26,  1780. 

Resolved,  That,  all  and  singular,  the  creditors  of  these  United  States 
for  supplies  furnished  the  Army  or  the  transportation  thereof  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  the  just  value  of  the  sums  due  them  respectively  in 
the  bills  of  credit  emitted  pursuant  to  the  act  of  the  18th  of  March 
last,  the  value  of  the  sums  due  to  be  ascertained  according  to  the  cur- 
rent value  of  continental  bills  of  credit  compared  with  specie  at  the 
time  the  money  became  due  at  the  place  where  the  supplies  were  fur- 
nished; provided  the  same  do  not  exceed  the  prices  fixed  for  such  sup- 
plies by  the  act  of  the  25th  of  February  last  or  a  proportionate  value 
for  services  done  and  articles  furnished  not  mentioned  in  the  said  act; 
but  if  the  nominal  sum  in  continental  currency  contracted  for  when 
reduced  to  specie  value  as  aforesaid  shall  exceed  the  fixed  prices  afore- 
said, the  creditor  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  amount  of  the  sup- 
plies furnished  or  services  done  at  the  said  fixed  or  proportionate 
prices  in  the  new  bills  aforesaid  or  the  nominal  sum  contracted  for  in 
continental  bills  of  credit,  and  no  more,  at  his  election. 

That  the  accounts  being  duly  examined  and  adjusted  by  the  rqle 
aforesaid  by  commissioners  that  may  be  appointed  agreeably  to  the 
resolution  of  the  12th  of  June  last  to  settle  the  accounts  of  officers  of 
the  staff  departments  in  the  several  States,  or  by  the  officer  who  made 
the  contract,  or  by  whom  the  payment  is  to  be  made,  the  same  shall 
be  paid  or  a  certificate  given  for  the  sum  justly  due,  certifying  that 
the  same  has  been  duly  examined  and  adjusted  agreeably  to  the  direc- 
tions aforesaid,  and  if  paid  in  the  new  bills  the  interest  on  the  said 
bills  shall  be  computed  to  the  date  of  such  certificate. 

That  all  debts  due  to  the  United  States  for  monies  received  for  their 
use  or  otherwise  within  any  of  these  States  shall  be  paid  according  to 
the  just  value  of  the  money  when  it  was  received  or  became  due,-  to 
be  ascertained  as  aforesaid. 

August  28,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be,  and  hereby  is,  author- 
ized and  directed  to  make  sale  of  all  buildings  and  other  property 
belonging  to  the  United  States  under  his  care  which,  in  his  opinion, 
are  not  wanted  for  public  use,  and  render  an  account  of  such  sales  to 
the  Board  of  Treasury,  that  he  may  be  charged  with  the  money  arising 
thereon. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  179 

N.  ptember  1,  1780. — Jacob  Hiltzheimer  was  allowed  $40  per  month  from  February 
16,  1780,  for  his  service  in  providing  for  the  horses  under  his  care,  and  Congress 
directed  that  what  was  then,  or  might  hereafter  become,  due  to  Hiltzheimer  for  keep- 
ing the  horses  be  paid  to  him,  and  that  he  apply  the  same  for  defraying  the  expenses 
of  keeping  the  said  horses.  [As  the  resolution  ended  by  stating  "any  former  resolu- 
tion to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,"  it  is  assumed  that  Congress  meant  to  relieve 
the  commissary -general  of  forage  from  supplying  him  with  the  necessary  forage.] 

September  8,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  magazines  of     .  forage  for  15,000  men  for 

6  months  be  immediately  provided  and  laid  up  for  the  Southern  Army. 
*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  North  Carolina  furnish  magazines  of  forage  .  .  . 
to  the  utmost  of  their  ability,  to  be  stored  at  such  convenient  places  as 
to  the  commanding  officer  in  the  Southern  Department  shall  appear 
most  eligible. 

September  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Quartermaster-General  shall  furnish  all 
necessary  books,  paper,  etc.,  for  the  [inspecting  and  mustering] 
department. 

September  30,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  furnish  the 
Hospital  Department,  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  with 
such  a  number  of  horses  and  wagons  as  may  be  necessary  for  removing 
the  sick  and  wounded  and  for  transporting  the  hospital  stores;  but 
that  no  other  horses  than  those  belonging  to  the  officers  of  the  depart- 
ment, for  which  forage  may  be  herein  allowed,  be  kept  separately  and 
at  the  expense  of  the  department. 

September  30,  1780. — "As  the  direction  of  the  waggon  department  is  a  charge  of 
great  importance  (in  foreign  armies  generally  intrusted  to  a  field  officer  of  the  line), 
and  as  it  is  thought  the  service  will  be  benefitted  by  a  similar  practice  in  our  Army, 
Major  Cogswell,  of  the  First  Massachusetts  Regiment,  is  appointed  waggon  master 
to  the  main  Army." 

"Henry  Emanuel  Lutterloh,  esq.,  is  also  appointed  commissary  of  forage." 
"The  (  ommander  in  Chief  takes  this  occasion  to  thank  Major-General  Greene  for 
the  able  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which  he  discharged  the  duties  of  the  Quarter- 
master-General's Department  dtmng  his  continuance  in  office,  and  to  express  his 
approbation  of  his  conduct  and  orders  in  the  absence  of  the  general."  {Orders, 
Ui  rural  Headquarters,  Orangetoum.) 

October  16,  1780. 

It  appearing  that  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ternant  had  impressed  from 
him  two  good  riding  horses  during  the  siege  of  Charleston,  by  order 
of  the  State  of  South.  Carolina: 

Ordered,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  furnish  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Ternant  with  two  good  horses,  reporting  their  value  to  the  Treas- 
ury Board,  who  are  hereby  directed  to  make  the  said  State  accountable. 

October  21,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  John  Bradford,  continental  agent  at  Boston,  deliver 
to  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  order  all  the  duck  in  his  hands 
-unable  for  tents,  the  property  of  the  United  States,  to  be  made  up 
into  tents  for  the  Army.     .     .     . 


180       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

November  10,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  take  immediate 
measures  for  removing-  all  horses,  the  property  of  the  United  States, 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  can  be  spared  from 
the  Army,  into  some  one  or  more  of  the  said  States  where  he  can  pro- 
vide the  said  horses  with  forage  on  reasonable  terms. 

That  if  it  be  deemed  preferable  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  that  a 
proportion  of  the  public  horses  should  be  disposed  of  for  draft  oxen, 
to  be  provided  for  the  ensuing  campaign,  he  be  authorized  to  direct 
the  Quartermaster-General  to  effect  the  same  in  such  manner  as  may 
be  most  beneficial  to  the  public  service. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  immediately  apply  to  the  executive 
authority  of  the  States  nearest  the  quarters  of  the  main  army  to  fur- 
nish such  quantities  of  forage  as  may  be  in  their  power,  to  enable  him 
to  lay  up  proper  magazines  for  the  use  of  the  Army;  and  that  he  also 
apply  to  the  more  distant  States  to  furnish  the  intermediate  posts  with 
forage  for  the  purpose  of  transporting  provisions  and  stores  to  the 
Army,  and  provide  forage  for  the  horses  removed  from  the  Army. 

December  28,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  approve  the  appointment  made  by  Major- 
General  Greene  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Carrington  to  be  deputy  quar- 
termaster-general for  the  Southern  Army. 

January  9,  1781. — "All  the  tents  of  the  Army  are  to  be  delivered  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General, who  will  have  them  washed,  cleaned,  and  repaired.  Such  as  are 
irreparable,  or  as  many  of  them  as  will  answer  the  purpose,  he  is  to  reserve,  to  make 
cases  for  the  camp  kettles,  that  they  may  not  grease  and  injure  the  soldiers'  cloaths, 
as  they  will  next  campaign  be  obliged  to  carry  their  own  kettles."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters  [no  place  given] . ) 

January  23,  1781. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  directed  to 
procure  a  sufficient  number  of  horses  to  remount  such  of  the  cavalry 
as  are  destitute  of  horses,  agreeable  to  the  directions  to  be  given  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  for  the  next  campaign. 

February  20,  1781. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  deputy  quartermaster  in  Pennsylvania 
be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  put  the  wagons  belonging  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania line  in  order  for  service  immediately. 

*  *  • 

Resolved,  That  400  wagons  be  procured  and  furnished  for  the  South- 
ern army. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be,  and  hereby  are,  directed  to  fur- 
nish the  Southern  Army  with     .     .     .     860  tents.     .     .     . 

April  19,  1781. 

Whereas  differences  have  arisen  between  quartermasters  .  .  . 
and  persons  claiming  to  be  creditors  of  the  United  States,  for  articles 
furnished  by  or  taken  from  them  and  for  services  performed  by  them, 
for  which  no  vouchers  have  been  given  or  for  which  the  voucher  may 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  181 

be  lost,  or  having  vouchers  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  account  can  be 
adjusted  in  either  of  the  departments  of  the  Quartermaster-General; 
.     .     .     to  remedy  which, 

Resolved,  That  every  such  claim  as  aforesaid  which  shall  have  been 
submitted  to  the  inspection  of  the  continental  commissioners  for  audit- 
ing and  adjusting  accounts,  and  by  them  certified,  shall,  by  the  quarter- 
master ...  be  allowed  and  may  be  paid,  or  certificates  given  for 
the  same,  in  like  manner  as  is  directed  in  the  act  of  Congress  of  26th 
August,  1780. 

April  21,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  remove  from  office  or  employment,  for  incapacity,  neg- 
ligence, dishonesty,  or  other  misbehavior,  such  persons,  not  immedi- 
ately appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  as  are  or 
may  be  officially  entrusted  with  and  immediately  employed  in  the 
expenditure  of  the  public  supplies,  stores,  and  other  property;  .  .  . 
and  such  of  the  said  persons  as  are  or  may  be  in  his  judgment  unnec- 
essary, reporting  to  such  authority,  board,  minister,  or  office  to  whom 
it  may  belong  to  supply  the  vacancy  the  respective  names  of  the  per- 
sons so  removed. 

That  he  be  authorized  to  suspend  from  office  or  employment,  for 
similar  causes,  persons  officially  employed  and  entrusted  as  aforesaid, 
immediately  appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
reporting  forthwith  their  names  and  the  reason  for  suspension: 

Provided,  That  in  all  cases  where  any  of  the  persons  aforesaid  are 
or  may  be  amenable  to  the  law  martial,  the  superintendent  be,  and  he 
is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed — if  he  shall  deem  it  most  expedient 
for  the  public  service — to  put  them  in  arrest  hy  order  in  writing  and 
to  apply  to  the  officer  whose  dut}r  it  ma}^  be  to  order  a  court-martial; 
and  such  officer  is  hereby  directed  to  order  proceedings  on  the  arrest 
accordingly. 

That  in  eveiy  case  of  suspension  all  pay  and  emoluments  cease  from 
the  date  thereof,  unless  the  persons  suspended  be,  upon  trial,  acquitted 
and  restored;  and  the  superintendent  shall  have  power  to  supply  the 
place  when  it  may  be  necessary  by  a  temporary  appointment,  to  con- 
tiirae  until  the  person  suspended  be  restored  or  dismissed. 

That  the  aforesaid  powers  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  with 
the  rank,  commission,  or  military  duty  of  any  officer  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  or  those  who  may  be  duly  entrusted  with  money  for  secret 
service  by  Congress,  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army,  or  the 
commanding  officer  of  a  separate  department. 

That  the  powers  aforesaid  be  exercised  during  the  pleasure  of  Con- 
gress, but  not  to  extend  beyond  the  duration  of  the  war. 

April  26,  1781. 

It*. solved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint  Colonel  Champion,  of  Newport,  a  barrack  master 
t<»  the  French  army,  and  to  annex  to  that  office  a  salary  not  exceeding 
the  pay  of  an  assistant  deputy  quartermaster. 

April  27,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  John  Bradford,  continental  ag-nt  at  Boston,  deliver 
to  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  his  order,  all  the  duck  in  his  hands 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  proper  lor  tents. 


182       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

May  28,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  all  the  duck  of  whatever  description  belonging  to  the 
United  States,  in  the  hands  of  the  continental  agent  at  Boston,  be 
delivered  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  his  order;  that  so  much 
thereof  as  is  suitable  may  be  made  up  into  tents,  and  the  residue, 
except  so  much  as  is  necessary  for  other  uses  in  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  Department  be  exchanged  for  light  duck  or  other  materials 
tit  for  tents,  and  the  materials  produced  by  such  exchange  be  imme- 
diately made  up  into  tents  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

June  18,  1781. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  ana  the  com- 
manding general  in  a  separate  department,  respectively,  be,  and  hereby 
are,  authorized  to  direct  what  clothing  shall,  from  time  to  time,  be 
dealt  out  to  the  .  .  .  wagoners,  having  regard  to  the  nature  of 
their  service  and  the  terms  of  their  contract,  and  time  for  which  the)7 

are  engaged: 

*  *  * 

That  the  Quartermaster-General,  and  his  deputies  in  the  several 
States,  shall,  on  the  requisitions  of  the  clothier-general,  furnish  the 
means  of  transportation  of  all  articles  of  clothing  from  the  places 
where  imported,  received,  or  purchased  to  the  places  of  deposit;  and 
a  careful  wagon  master  or  conductor,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Quarter- 
master-General or  some  of  his  deputies,  shall  proceed  with  the  clothing, 
who  shall  be  answerable  for  all  deficiencies  on  the  road,  unless  they 
shall  be  able  to  show  that  the  same  happened  by  unavoidable  accidents 
and  not  through  their  misconduct  or  want  of  attention. 

That  in  case  of  injuries  or  deficiencies  happening  in  the  transporta- 
tion of  clothing  the  clothier  stationed  at  the  magazine  or  place  of  deposit 
shall  represent  the  matter  to  the  nearest  commanding  officer  of  the 
troops  of  the  United  States,  that  the  wagon  master  or  conductor  having 
had  charge  of  the  clothing  so  damaged  or  deficient  may  be  tried  by  a 
court-martial  and,  if  found  guilty,  compelled  to  restore  the  goods  lost, 
or  their  value,  or  make  satisfaction  for  damages  accrued  through  his 
negligence  or  mismanagement,  or  be  punished  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  offense  by  judgment  of  the  court-martial. 

*  *  * 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  deputy,  on  the  application  of 
the  clothier-general  or  either  of  his  deputies,  furnish  wagons  for  trans- 
porting raw  or  unmanufactured  hides  to  such  places  as  they  shall  direct. 

June  20,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  Charles  Pettit,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  be 
permitted  to  resign  that  office,  agreeably  to  his  request. 

That  the  office  of  assistant  quartermaster-general  be  abolished;  and 
that  the  duties  of  the  said  office  be  performed  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General  and  his  deputies  under  his  direction. 

June  30,  1781. — "Major  Piatt  having  resigned  the  office  of  Deputy  Quartermaster 
to  the  main  Army,  Lt.  Col.  Dearborne  is  appointed  in  his  room."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters  [no  place  given'] . ) 

Jul;/  9,  1781. — "Captain  Hasfield  White,  of  the  Fifth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  is 
appointed  deputy  wagon  master. ' '     ( Order*,  General  Headquarters^  near  Dobbs  Ferry. ) 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  183 

My  10,  1781. 

Ii'  solved.  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  either  by  himself  or  such  person  or  persons  as  he  shall, 
from  time  to  time,  appoint  for  the  purpose,  to  procure  or  contract  all 
necessary  supplies  for  use  of  the  Army  or  armies  of  the  United 
States,     .     .     .     and  also  the  transportation  thereof. 

July  H,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  John  Storey  be  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and  rations 
for  his  services  from  the  time  of  General  Greene's  resignation  as 
Quartermaster-General  until  the  21st  of  April  last  which  he  received 
or  was  entitled  to  receive  when  acting  immediately  under  the  said 
Quartermaster-General. 

That  the  said  John  Storey  immediately  repair  to  camp  and  there 
carefully  transact  and  settle  the  business  belonging  to  the  late 
Quartermaster-General's  Department  until  the  further  order  of  Con- 
gress; and  for  this  service  he  shall  be  allowed,  from  the  21st  of  April 
last,  the  pay  and  rations  of  a  captain  in  the  line  of  the  Army. 

September  25,  1781. — "Capt. -Lieut.  Miles  is  appointed  brigade  quartermaster  to  the 
artillery  in  the  room  of  Capt. -Lieut. Howe, deceased."  {Orders,  General  Headquar- 
ters, WiU'tainxburgh.) 

October  22,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  letters  to  and  from  the  Quartermaster-General  be 
carried  free  of  postage. 

January  1,  1782. — "No  officer  except  such  as  command  corps  in  this  city  are  in 
future  to  draw  wood  from  the  quartermaster,  but  at  the  end  of  every  month  each 
officer  shall  be  paid  for  the  wood  he  is  allowed  at  the  average  price  paid  by  the  quar- 
termaster during  that  month."     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Philadelphia. ) 

January  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Inspector-General,  or  inspector  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,  shall  be  authorized  to  call  on  the  Quartermaster-General, 
.  .  .  or  their  deputies  for  returns  of  the  articles  which  have  been 
issued  from  and  returned  to  their  several  departments  by  each 
corps.     .     .     . 

March  U,  1782. 

Rrxolrrd,  That  so  much  of  the  rex )l ut i< m  of  the  30th  of  October, 
1780,  as  continues  to  Major-General  Greene  the  power  of  which  had 
been  given  to  Major-General  Gates,  by  a  resolution  of  the  14th  of 
June,  in  the  same  year,  of  appointing  the  officers  in  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General's Department  for  the  Southern  Army,  be  repealed. 

The  resolution  of  the  15th  of  July,  1780,  providing  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  one  deputy  quartermaster  only  for  a  separate  army,  and  the 
southern  services  requiring  an  additional  one: 

Resohed,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint,  out  of  the  line  of  the  Army,  an  additional 
deputy  quartermaster  for  the  Southern  Army,  who  shall  be  subordinate 
to  and  under  the  command  of  the  other  deputy  quartermaster  for  the 


184       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

said  army,  and  whose  pay  shall  be  the  same  with  that  allowed  to  the 
deputy  quartermaster  by  the  aforesaid  resolutions  of  the  15th  of  July, 
1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  principal  deputy  quartermaster  to  the  Southern 
Army  be  allowed,  during  actual  service,  75  dollars  per  month  and  four 
rations  per  day,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  subsistence  as  an  officer  in 
the  line,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress. 

Resolved,  That  the  officer  who  has  conducted  the  quartermaster- 
general's  department  in  the  Southern  Army  since  Gen.  Greene  has  had 
the  command  thereof  be  allowed  for  his  past  services  the  same  emolu- 
ments with  those  granted  to  the  principal  deputy  quartermaster  in  the 
preceding  resolution. 

*  *  * 

And  whereas  the  business  of  the  Quartermaster-General  being  con- 
siderably lessened  by  the  present  mode  of  supplying  the  Army  in  gen- 
eral by  contract,  and  it  being  at  all  times  proper  to  establish  the  pay 
and  emoluments  of  officers,  as  near  as  possible,  proportioned  to  their 
ranks  and  services: 

Resolved,  That  for  the  above  reasons  the  pay  and  allowance  of  the 
Quartermaster-General  be  reduced  from  3,492  dollars  per  annum,  and 
rations  and  all  other  allowances,  estimated  at  1,904  dollars  per  annum, 
to  the  same  pay  and  allowance  in  future  of  a  major-general. 

March  26,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  quartermaster  with  the  Southern  Army  be,  and 
he  is  hereby,  empowered  to  raise,  on  the  best  terms  possible,  a  corps 
of  pioneers,  consisting  of  30  privates,  under  such  officers  now  in  pub- 
lic pay  as  he  may  think  proper  to  appoint,  to  be  governed  by  the 
Articles  of  War,  and  to  continue  on  the  establishment  one  year,  unless 
the  service  will  admit  of  their  being  sooner  discharged. 

March  27,  1782. 

Ordered,  That  the  Secretary  at  War  make  returns  to  Congress  of 
the  officers  employed  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

April  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Secretary  at  War  direct  the  building 
and  management  of  .  .  .  magazines,  barracks,  and  other  public 
buildings,  the  necessity  of  which  he  is,  from  time  to  time,  to  report, 
and  the  same  is  to  be  approved  of  by  Congress. 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  be  empowered  ...  to  provide 
guards  for  the  safe  conveyance  of  money  and  any  articles  necessary 
for  the  use  of  the  Army  whenever  it  shall  appear  to  him  to  be  necessary. 

April  22,  1782. 

Resol/ved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or  allow- 
ances to  officers  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  entitled 
to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  185 

officer  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 

Quartermaster-General,  4  rations  per  day,  251°  dollars  per  month. 

Deputy  quartermaster  with  the  Southern  Arnry,  2  rations  per  day, 
12f  #  dollars  per  month. 

Commissary  of  forage,  1£  rations  per  day,  11  dollars  per  month. 

Subaltern,  1  ration  per  day,  3^f  dollars  per  month. 

April  83,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  supernumeraiy  junior  lieutenants, 
beyond  the  number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced; 
.  .  .  except  such  of  them  as  shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the 
staff  departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  case  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respec- 
tive ranks  in  the  Army,  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pay  and  subsistence 
belonging  to  their  rank  in  the  line,  as  a  compensation  for  their  respective 
services  in  the  staff,  without  any  other  allowance  whatsoever.     .     .     . 

May  7,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  appoint  an  inspector  for  the  Main  and  Southern  Army, 
to  take  care  that  the  contracts  for  supplying  rations  be  duly  executed 
by  the  contractors;  that  the  said  inspectors  shall  also  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  fully  empowered  and  directed  to  attend  to  the  expenditures  of 
public  propert}T  in  the  several  departments  of  the  Army,  and  report 
any  fraud,  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  misconduct  by  which  the  public 
property  is  wasted,  or  expense  unnecessarily  accumulated,  so  that  the 
party  charged  therewith  may  be  tried  by  court-martial  on  such  charges 
exhibited  against  him  by  either  of  the  said  inspectors;  and  that  neither 
the  said  inspectors  nor  the  said  contractors,  or  their  property,  be  liable 
to  arrest  or  subject  to  martial  law,  except  by  the  express  order  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  or  commander  of  the  army  to  which  the  inspect- 
ors respectively  shall  be  appointed,  any  resolution  or  act  of  Congress 
heretofore  made  notwithstanding. 

That  the  pay  to  each  inspector  be  166$  dollars  per  month  in  full  of 
all  allowances. 

That  each  inspector,  when  appointed,  shall  take  an  oath  for  the  faith- 
ful and  impartial  execution  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him  as  inspector  of 
the  contracts  of  the  Army. 

Jwne  21,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  of  War  institute  an  immediate  enquiry 
into  the  reasons  which  have  delayed  the  arrival  of  .  .  .  necessa- 
ries which  have  already  been  provided  and  sent  on  to  the  Southern 
Army;  and  that  ho  take  every  step  in  his  power  to  discover  the  causes 
of  delay,  embezzlement,  and  other  circumstances  which  have  so  fre- 
quently arrested  the  supplies  for  the  Southern  A  rin  y,  and  report  thereon 
to  Congress. 

Ordered,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  report  to  Congress  the 
causes  which  have  prevented  the  Southern  Army  being  supplied  by 
contract. 


186       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  30,  1782. — "The  Quartermaster-General  will  furnish  the  commanding  offi- 
cers of  brigades  with  the  signal  flags,  which  are  to  be  carefully  preserved  by  the 
brigade  quartermasters. ' '     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

September  1,  1782. — "The  general  is  desirous  the  troops  should  make  themselves  as 
comfortable  as  possible  while  in  the  field.  The  encampment  itself  is  very  pleasant 
and  healthy.  Straw  will  be  issued  at  the  rate  of  two  bundles  per  tent;  of  this,  with 
the  flags  and  leaves  which  may  be  procured,  convenient  mats  or  bedding  may  be 
formed.  Shades  or  bowers  should  also  be  erected  in  front  of  the  tents,  in  the  con- 
struction of  which  regularity  will  be  extremely  pleasing  to  the  eye."  (Orders,  Gen- 
eral Headquaretrs,  Verplanks  Point. ) 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  establishment  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment by  the  resolutions  of  Congress  of  the  15th  of  July,  1780,  be, 
from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January  next,  repealed  and  the  fol- 
lowing regulations  then  adopted  in  its  stead: 

Resolved,  That  there  be  one  Quartermaster-General,  the  present 
Quartermaster-General  to  be  continued  in  office,  and  hereafter,  as 
vacancies  arise,  to  be  appointed  by  Congress. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  appoint  the  following  officers  for  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  viz: 

For  the  main  army:  One  deputy  quartermaster,  one  wagon  master, 
one  commissary  of  forage,  one  director  and  one  subdirector  of  a  com- 
pany of  artificers. 

For  the  Southern  Army:  One  deputy  quartermaster,  one  deputy 
commissary  of  forage,  one  deputy  wagon  master  one  director,  and  one 
subdirector  of  a  company  of  artificers,  and  as  many  assistants  as  the 
service  may  require  in  the  Main  and  Southern  Army,  to  perform  the 
duties  of  quartermasters  of  brigades,  storekeepers,  clerks,  and  such 
other  duties  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  as  the  service  may 
require,  and  also  as  many  wagon  conductors. 

That  the  pay  per  month  of  the  officers  in  the  Quartermaster-General's 
Department,  including  their  pay  in  the  line  of  the  Army,  shall  be  as 
follows: 

Quartermaster-General,  166f#  dollars;  deputy  quartermaster  with 
the  Southern  Army,  125  dollars;  deputy  quartermaster  with  the  main 
army,  75  dollars;  wagon  master,  60  dollars;  commissary  of  forage  for 
the  main  army,  60  dollars;  commissary  of  forage  for  the  Southern 
Army,  sixty  dollars;  deputy  wagon  master  for  the  Southern  Army,  50 
dollars;  assistants  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  each  30  dollars; 
wagon  conductors,  each  20  dollars;  directors  of  artificers,  each  40  dol- 
lars, subdirectors  of  ditto,  each  26f  #  dollars. 

That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses  to  the 
different  ranks  of  officers,  unless  otherwise  directed  in  special  cases 
by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  the  Southern 
Army : 

The  Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  the  Southern 
Army,  for  their  own  accommodation  and  for  their  families,  as  many 
baggage  wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary. 

Major-general  and  family,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon  and  one 
two-horse  wagon. 

Brigadier-general  and  family,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

Colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major,  one  covered  four-horse 
wagon. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  187 

Captains  and  subalterns  of  a  regiment,  for  their  baggage,  one  cov- 
ered  four-horse  wagon. 

Surgeon,  paymaster,  adjutant,  and  quartermaster,  regimental  staff, 
one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

Brigade  quartermaster,  one  bathorse. 

For  the  tents  of  a  regiment,  for  every  75  men,  but  this  to  be  varied 
according  to  the  weight  of  the  tents  and  the  state  of  the  roads,  one 
open  four-horse  wagon. 

Quartermaster-General,  for  his  baggage,  according  to  his  rank,  for 
his  books,  papers,  &c,  as  many  as  he  shall  find  necessary. 

Deputy  quartermaster  with  the  main  army  or  with  a  separate  army, 
for  his  baggage  and  for  his  books,  papers,  &c. ,  one  covered  four-horse 
wagon. 

Commissary  of  forage  with  the  main  army,  his  clerks  and  assistants, 
one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  commissary  of  forage  with  a  separate  army,  one  two-horse 
wagon. 

Wagon  master  and  clerks,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  wagon  master  with  the  Southern  Army,  his  clerk  and  assist- 
ants, one  two-horse  wagon  or  two  bathorses. 

Inspector-General,  for  his  baggage,  according  to  his  rank;  and  for 
his  papers,  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  may  direct. 

Inspectors,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Adjutant-General,  two  covered  four-horse  wagons;  for  the  baggage 
of  his  assistant,  clerks,  and  official  papers,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Judge- Advocate,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  judge-advocate  for  the  Southern  Army,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Commissary  of  prisoners,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  commissary  of  prisoners,  Southern  Army,  one  two-horse 
wagon. 

Provost-marshal,  with  prisoners  and  guards,  one  open  four-horse 
wagon. 

Field  commissary  of  military  stores  and  his  deputy  with  the  main 
and  Southern  Army,  each,  one  bathorse. 

Deputy  paymaster  with  the  main  and  Southern  Army,  each,  one 
two-horse  wagon. 

Field  postmaster,  one  bathorse. 

Provided,  that  if  the  number  of  wagons  stated  above  should  prove 
insufficient,  the  Quartermaster-General  may  occasionally  furnish  such 
additional  carriages  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer 
of  a  separate  army  or  the  Secretary  at  War  may  direct. 

That  a  ration  of  forage  per  day  shall  consist  of  14  pounds  of  hay 
and  10  quarts  of  oats  for  each  horse. 

That  there  be  issued  to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  and  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  a  separate  army,  and  to  those  of  their  suite,  as 
many  rations  as  the  service  may  require. 

That  there  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

Rations. 

To  a  major-general  and  family 7 

Brigadier-general  and  family 5 

Colonel  of  infantry  or  artillery '2 

Lieutenant-colonel -  2 

Major '. 2 

Chaplain 1 

Surgeon 1 

Adjutant 1 


188       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GEHERAL  STAFF  OF  tJ.   S.   ARMY. 

Rations. 

Quartermaster 1 

Brigade  quartermaster 1 

Quartermaster-General,  as  the  service  may  require. 

Deputy  quartermaster  with  the  army 2 

Captain  of  engineers 1 

Commissary  of  forage 2 

Deputy  with  Southern  Army 2 

Wagon  master  and  clerks 3 

Deputy  wagon  master,  separate  army 2 

Inspector-general,  agreeable  to  his  rank. 

Inspector,  in  addition  to  what  he  draws  in  the  line 1 

Adjutant-General 4 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 3 

Each  assistant 2 

Commissary  of  prisoners 2 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 2 

Judge-advocate 2 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 2 

Provost-marshal 1 

Field  commissary  of  military  stores 2 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 2 

Deputy  paymaster 1 

Officers  of  cavalry  to  be  allowed  to  draw  forage  for  the  following  number  of 
horses,  provided  they  actually  keep  the  same: 

Colonel 3 

Lieutenant-colonel 2 

Major 2 

Captain 2 

Lieutenant 1 

Cornet 1 

Paymaster "| 

Quartermaster  . .  >■  Exclusive  of  allowance  as  officers  in  the  line,  each 1 

Adjutant j 

Surgeon 1 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  approbation  of 
the  Secretary  at  War,  shall  appoint  so  many  assistants  to  reside  in  the 
several  States  as  the  public  service  may  require. 

That  all  officers  in  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department,  of 
whatever  denomination,  shall  take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  the  oath 
of  office  prescribed  by  Congress  before  they  enter  on  business. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  make  a  return  of  the  names  and 
station  of  each  person  to  be  appointed  in  his  department. 

That  in  settling  the  accounts  of  officers  in  the  said  department,  no 
pay  or  allowance  whatever  be  granted  to  any  person  employed  therein 
whose  name  and  employment,  together  with  a  certificate  of  his  having 
taken  the  aforesaid  oaths,  shall  not  have  been  returned  within  two 
months  after  his  acceptance  of  such  office. 

October  W,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  allowed  15  rations 
per  day; 

That  the  deputy  quartermaster  with  the  Southern  Army  be  allowed 
12  rations  per  day; 

That  all  assistants  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  be  allowed, 
each  of  them,  two  rations  per  day. 

That  the  wagon  master,  commissary  of  forage  for  the  Main  Army,  and 
commissary  of  forage  for  the  Southern  Army  be  each  allowed  five 
rations  per  day; 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  189 

That  the  deputy  wagon  master  with  the  Southern  Army  be  allowed 
four  rations  per  day; 

That  the  wagon  conductors' be  each  of  them  allowed  a  ration  and  a 
half  per  day; 

That  the  directors  of  the  artificers  be  allowed,  each  of  them,  three 
rations  per  day,  and  the  subdirectors,  each  of  them,  two  rations  per 
day: 

And  that  the  foregoing  rations  shall  be  inclusive  of  what  the  several 
officers  aforesaid  may  be  entitled  to  draw  in  the  line  of  the  Army. 

Novembers,  1782. — "The  quartermaster  having  represented  his  inability  to  procure 
forage  during  the  winter  for  the  whole  number  of  horses  allowed  to  the  general  and 
other  officers  of  the  line  and  staff  who  remain  with  the  troops  in  the  New  Windsor 
cantonments,  has  proposed  to  supply  in  the  following  proportion,  which  has  been 
approved  by  the  Commander  in  Chief: 

To  a  major-general,  rations  for  3  horses 

*  *  * 

Briga< Her  and  adjutant  general   3      " 

Brigadier-general 2      " 

*  *  * 

Inspector  of  the  Northern  Army,  f  As  they  will  have  to  visit  and  mus- )  2  " 

Assistant  inspector \     ter  detachments.  j  2  " 

Captain  of  engineers 1  " 

Brigade  major 1  " 

Brigade  quartermaster 1  " 

*  *  * 

Assistants  of  adjutant-general,  each 1  " 

<  let igrapher  and  assistants,  together 1 

Judge-advocate 1  ' 

Director  of  hospitals .•  • 2  " 

Each  hospital  physician 1  " 

Apothecary ]  " 

Purveyor  or  steward 1  " 

*  *  * 

Commissary  of  prisoners  (his  business  often  requiring  his  absence) 2  " 

Quartermaster-General «•  2  " 

Each  of  his  assistants 1  " 

Commissary  of  forage 2  ' ' 

Each  of  his  assistants  (who  are  employed  riding  in  the  country) 1  " 

Wagonmaster-general 2  " 

Each  of  his  assistants  employed  on  duty  of  riding 1  " 

It  will  be  optional  to  those  who  are  entitled  to  keep  a  greater  number  of  horses  than 
are  allowed  in  the  foregoing  to  deliver  up  the  surplus  to  the  Quartermaster-General, 
who  will  send  them  to  some  distance  from  camp  and  keep  them  at  public  expense, 
or  they  may  keep  them  at  their  own  charge  and  he  will  pay  them  the  amount  of  the 
rations  which  such  horses  would  have  drawn  had  they  remained  with  the  Army." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

November  12,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  geographer  to  the  main  army,  and  the  geographer 
to  the  Southern  department  be  each  of  them  allowed  .  .  .  forage 
for  two  saddle  horses,  one  two-horse  covered  wagon,     .     .     . 

That  the  assistant  geographers  ...  be  allowed  forage  for  one 
saddle  horse. 

December  21>,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster- General  furnish  all  extraordinary 

expresses  when  the  service  require  them,  any  ordinance  or  resolution 
of  Congress  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 


190       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

February  11,  1783. — The  Quartermaster-General  agrees  to  give  six  pence,  or  half 
a  ration,  per  cord  for  the  wood  cut  for  the  use  of  the  hospitals,  of  which  the  parties 
employed  for  that  purpose  may  avail  themselves.  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Newburgh. ) 

April  17,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  immediate  measures  be  taken  for  the  sale  of  all  the 
dragoon  horses  belonging  to  the  United  States,  and  of  all  such  articles 
in  the  several  military  departments  as  may  not  be  necessary  for  the  use 
of  the  Army,  previous  to  its  reduction,  or  for  the  formation  of  maga- 
zines on  a  peace  establishment. 

January  W,  1784. 

Resolved,  That  the  principals  in  the  several  departments  of  Quarter- 
master-General .  .  .  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  ordered  to  tran  - 
mit  as  soon  as  may  be  to  the  War  Office,  to  be  laid  before  Congress,  an 
exact  return  of  all  the  stores  in  their  respective  departments,  specify- 
ing the  quantity  and  quality  of  each  article,  where  deposited,  in  whose 
care,  and  in  what  manner  secured. 

February  28,  1785. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  ...  be  required 
without  delay  to  forward  to  the  Board  of  Treasury  or  to  the  Comp- 
troller a  list  of  their  respective  deputies  who  have  been  duly  author- 
ized to  issue  certificates. 

July  m,  1785. 

Resolved,  That  the  department  of  Quartermaster-General  be  con- 
sidered as  ceasing  on  the  day  of  passing  this  resolution,  and  that  the 
Secretary  at  War  and  all  others  concerned  govern  themselves  accord- 
ingly. 

October  2,  1788. 

The  committee,  consisting  of  Mr.  Howard,  Mr.  Few,  Mr.  Dayton, 
Mr.  Gilman,  and  Mr.  Carrington,  appointed  to  make  full  enquiry  into 
the  proceedings  in  the  Department  of  War,  beg  leave  to  report  and  to 
present  to  the  view  of  Congress  a  summary  statement  of  the  various 
branches  of  the  Department  of  War: 


7TH. — OF  THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Quartermaster's  Department  on  the  frontiers  is  arranged  on 
principles  highly  economical  and  beneficial  to  the  public. 

Instead  of  an  officer  at  the  head  of  this  department,  with  his  train 
of  attendants,  all  supplies  are  furnished  by  the  contractors  of  provi- 
sion, who  have  also,  from  time  to  time,  contracted  with  the  Secretary 
at  War  to  furnish  all  necessary  articles  on  the  frontiers  which  shall  be 
required  for  the  troops,  on  the  following  principles: 

1st.  No  articles  to  be  furnished  but  by  an  order  in  writing  from  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  troops  or  the  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 
rate post,  who  shall  be  responsible  to  the  Secretary  at  War  that  only 
such  articles  shall  be  ordered  as  the  situation  of  the  troops  render 
indispensably  necessary. 


the  quarterm aster's  department.  191 

2d.  That  for  all  articles  so  furnished  the  original  bills  of  parcels 
shall  be  produced  b}T  the  contractor,  which  shall  oe  verified  upon  oath 
if  required. 

3d.  That  no  charge  shall  be  allowed  the  contractors  which  shall  be 
deficient  in  the  vouchers,  the  nature  of  which  are  precisely  carried 
out. 

4th.  That  for  all  supplies,  advances,  and  services  rendered  in  this 
line  the  contractor  shall  have  an  allowance  made  of  5  per  cent  on  the 
settlement  of  their  account,  every  six  months,  at  the  Treasury. 

All  necessary  articles  which  are  furnished  within  the  State  for  the 
troops  are  purchased  by  the  Secretary  at  War  without  any  commission 
or  charge  thereon  to  the  public. 

This  arrangement  existed  previous^  to  the  resolve  of  Congress  for 
abolishing  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department,  July  25,  1785. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1791  (1  Stats.,  222). 

AN  ACT  for  raising  and  adding  another  regiment  to  the  military  establishment  of 

the  United  States,  and  for  making  further  provision  for  the  protection  of  the 

frontiers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  in  case  the  President  of  the  United  States  should 
deem  the  employment  of  a  .  .  .  quartermaster  ...  essen- 
tial to  the  public  interest,  that  he  be,  and  ho  hereby  is,  empowered,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  the  same 
accordingly.     .     .     . 

Sec.  6.  That  in  case  a  .  .  .  quartermaster  .  .  .  should  be 
appointed,  their  pay  and  allowances  shall  be,  respectively,  as  herein 
mentioned; 

.  .  .  That  the  quartermaster  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  pay, 
rations,  and  forage  as  the  lieutenant-colonel  commandant  of  a  regi- 
ment.    .     .     . 


Act  of  March  5,  1792  (1  Stats.,  2U). 

AN  ACT  for  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision  for  the  frontiers  of  the 

United  States. 

*  »  * 

Si<  .  7.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  commissioned  officers,  .  .  . 
on  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  .  .  .  shall  be 
in  future  as  follows,  free  of  all  deductions,  to  wit:  General  stall: 
.  .  .  quartermaster,  one  hundred  dollars,  .  .  .  deputy  quar- 
termaster, fifty  dollars.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  May  8,  1792  (1  Stats.,  279). 

AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplying  the  Army 
with  .  .  .  supplies  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  .  .  . 
be  made  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

*  *  * 


192       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

February  23,  1795  (1-419). — This  act  established  in  the  Treasury  Department  the 
office  of  purveyor  of  public  supplies.  His  duties  were  to  conduct  the  procuring  and 
providing  of  all  arms,  military  stores,  provisions,  clothing,  etc.  His  compensation 
was  fixed  at  $2,000  per  annum,  and  letters  to  and  from  him  were  to  be  conveyed  free 
of  postage.     The  office  was  abolished  after  May  31, 1812,  by  the  act  of  March  28, 1812. 

Act  of  March  3,  1795  (1  Stats.,  430). 

AN  ACT  for  continuing  and  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States,  and  for  repealing  sundry  acts  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  ...  on  the  mili- 
tary establishment  of  the  United  States,  be  as  follows,  to  wit:  General 
staff,  .  .  .  a  Quartermaster-General,  one  hundred  dollars;  .  .  . 
deputy  quartermaster,  fifty  dollars.     .     .     . 

Sec.  11.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions,  to  wit:  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  six 
rations;  ...  a  deputy  quartermaster,  two  rations  ...  or 
money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  said  officers,  at  the  con- 
tract price,  at  the  posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations  shall  become 
due. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  officers  hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever 
forage  shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the 
following  enumerated  sums,  per  month,  instead  thereof,  to  wit:  .  .  . 
Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  twelve  dollars;  .  .  .  deputy 
quartermaster     .     .     .     six  dollars.     .     .     . 


Act  of  May  30,  1796  (1  Stats.,  4S3).     . 

AN  ACT  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be    .    .    .    one  Quartermaster-General   .  .  . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers     ...     of  the  mili- 
tary establishment  be  as   follows:     .      .      .      quartermaster     . 
generals     ...     in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line,  twenty -five  dol- 
lars.    .     .     . 

Sec.  13.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  ...  a  quartermaster  .  .  .  generals  each  six 
rations  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  said 
officers,  at  the  posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations  snail  become  due; 
and  if,  at  such  posts,  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract,  then  such 
allowance  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to  former  con- 
tracts and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  officers  hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever  for- 
age shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the 
following  enumerated  sums  per  month,  instead  thereof,  to  wit:  .  .  . 
quartermaster     .     .     .     generals,  each,  "twelve  dollars.     .     .     . 

Sec.  23.  That  the  general  staff,  as  authorized  by  this  act,  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  until  the  4th  day  of  next  March  and  no  longer. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  193 

Act  of  March  3,  1797  (1  Stats.,  507). 

A  X  ACT  to  amend  and  repeal,  in  part,  the  act  entitled  '  'An  act  to  ascertain  and 
fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  one  Quartermaster-General 
who  shall  receive  the  same  pay  and  emoluments,  respectively,  which 
those  officers  have  heretofore  been  allowed  by  law. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  May  28,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558). 

A  X  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  the  employment  of  a 
Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  essential  to  the  public  interest,  he  is 
hereby  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
to  appoint  the  same  accordingly,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  which  follow,  viz:  Quartermaster-General,  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel:  .  .  .  Provided, 
That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  it  expedient  to  appoint  a  .  .  . 
Quartermaster-General,  ...  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  he  is 
hereby  authorized  to  make  any  or  all  of  said  appointments,  and  grant 
commissions  thereon,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session 
of  the  Senate  thereafter. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  who 
may  be  appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act  shall,  respectively,  continue  in 
commission  during  such  term  only  as  the  President  shall  judge  requisite 
for  the  public  service.     .     .     . 

Sec.  10.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  shall  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  pay  or  emoluments  until 
he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time  than  he 
shall  continue  therein.     .     .     . 


Act  ofJidy  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  610). 

A  S  ACT  to  alter  and  amend  the  several  acts  for  the  establishment  and  regulation  of 
the  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  of  the  United  States  shall  bo  made  by 
or  under  the  direction  of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Departments  of  War 
.  .**  .  and  all  agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  services  as  afore- 
said shall  render  their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the 
proper  Department  for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required, 
subject,  nevertheless,  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of 
the  Treasury  in  manner  before  prescribed. 

Sec.  4.  Tnat  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  purve}ror  of  public  supplies 
to  execute  all  such  orders  as  he  may  from  time  to  time  receive  from 
the  Secretary  of  War,  .  .  .  relative  to  the  procuring  and  provid- 
ing of  all  kinds  of  stores  and  supplies;  and  shall  render  his  accounts 

S.  Doc.  229 13 


194       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

relative  thereto  to  the  accountants  of  the  proper  Departments,  which 
accounts  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers 
of  the  Treasury  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  provision  of  the  act  passed  on  the  eighth  day  of 
May,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-two,  intituled  "An  act 
making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments,"  and  the 
act  passed  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  February,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety -five,  intituled  "An  act  to  establish  the  office  of 
purve}7or  of  public  supplies,"  so  far  as  the  same  are  repugnant  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  contracts  to  be  made  by  virtue  of  this  act  or  of  any 
law  of  the  United  States,  and  requiring  the  advance  of  money,  or  to 
be  in  any  manner  connected  with  the  settlement  of  public  accounts, 
shall  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States  within  ninety  days  after  their  dates,  respectively. 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  749). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 


Sec.  6.  That  when  any  officer  shall  be  detached  from  a  regiment,  to 
serve  as  an  .  .  .  assistant  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  by  what- 
soever name,  .  .  .  the  place  of  such  officer  in  his  regiment  shall 
be  supplied  by  promotion  or  new  appointment,  or  both,  as  may  be 
requisite;  but  the  officer  detached  shall,  nevertheless,  retain  his  station 
in  his  regiment  and  shall  rank  and  rise  therein  in  the  same  manner  as 
if  he  had  not  been  detached. 

Sec.  7.  That  no  officer  shall  be  appointed  ...  as  the  quarter- 
master of  a  division  who,  when  appointed,  shall  be  of  a  rank  higher 
than  that  of  captain,  or  as  the  quartermaster  of  a  brigade  who,  when 
appointed,  shall  be  of  a  rank  higher  than  that  of  first  lieutenant    .    .    . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  there  shall  be  a  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army 
of  the  United  States,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the  rank,  pay,  emolu- 
ments, and  privileges  of  a  major-general. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  States,  other  than  that  in 
which  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  serve,  there  shall  be  a  deputy 
quartermaster-general,  who  shall  be  a  field  officer,  and  who,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  other  emoluments,  shall  be  entitled  to  fifty  dollars  per  month, 
which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra  services  and  travelling 
expenses;  but  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  not  to  affect  the  present 
Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  who,  incase 
a  Quartermaster-General  shall  be  appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act,  is  to 
act  as  deputy  quartermaster-general,  and  shall  hereafter  have  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel;  and  that  to  every  division  of  an  army  there  shall 
be  a  division  quartermaster,  who,  in  addition  to  his  other  emoluments, 
shall  be  entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full 
compensation  for  his  extra  services  and  travelling  expenses;  and  that 
to  every  brigade  there  shall  be  a  brigade  quartermasteiywho,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  other  emoluments,  shall  be  entitled  to  twenty-four  dollars 
per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra  services 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  195 

and  travelling  expenses;  each  of  which  officers  shall  be  chosen  by  the 
Quartermaster-General  from  among  the  regimental  officers. 

*  *  * 

Sbo.  24.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Secretary  of  War  to  cause 
to  be  provided  in  each  and  every  year  all  .  .  .  camp  utensils  and 
equipage  .  .  .  necessary  for  the  troops  and  armies  of  the  United 
States  for  the  succeeding  year,  and  for  this  purpose  to  make  purchases 
and  enter  or  cause  to  be  entered  into  all  necessary  contracts  or  obliga- 
tions for  effecting  the  same. 

Act  of  March  16, 1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

A  X  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  three  military  agents,  and  such 
number  of  assistant  military  agents  as  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  deem  expedient,  not  exceeding  one  to  each  military  post, 
which  assistants  shall  be  taken  from  the  line;     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  ...  to  each  assistant  militarj^  agent  eight  dollars,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  except  the  assistant  military  agents  at 
Pittsburg  and  Niagara,  who  shall  receive  sixteen  dollars  each,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  pay  in  the  line;     .     .     . 


Act  of  April  12, 1808  (2  Stats.,  481.) 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

m  .<  I.  3.  That  when,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  a  suitable  proportion  of  the  troops  authorized  by  this  act  shall 
be  raised,  there  may  be  appointed     .     .     .     two  brigade  quartermas- 
.     .     . 

Si  '  •  4.  That  the  compensation  of  the  officers     .     .     .     authorized 
bj  t  bis  Act  shall  be,  viz:    .    .    .    each  brigade  quartermaster     .     . 
twenty  dollars    .     .     .     per  month  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the 
line;  and  to  each  six  dollars  per  month  for  forage,  when  not  fur- 
nished.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  all  or  any  of  the  officers,  other 
than  the  general  officers,  proper  to  be  appointed  under  this  act,  which 
appointments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  the  next  session  for 
their  advice  and  consent. 

8ec.  9.  That  every  .  .  .  staff  officer  to  be  appointed  in  virtue 
of  this  act  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  some  one  of  the 
Territories  thereof. 

Act  of  March  28,  1812  (2  Stats.,  696). 

AN  ACT  to  estahlish  a  Quartermaster' 8  Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  there  be,  and  hereby  is,  established  a  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment for  the  Army  «>t'  the  United  States,  to  consist  of  a  Quartermaster 
General,  four  deputy  quartermasters,  and  as  many  assistant  deputy 


196       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

quartermasters  as,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
the  public  service  may  require;  the  Quartermaster-General  and  deputy 
quartermasters  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  the  assistant  deputy  quarter- 
masters by  the  President  alone.  And  he  hereby  is  authorized,  more- 
over, to  appoint  such  additional  number  of  deputy  quartermasters  not 
exceeding  four,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  or  not,  at  his  discretion,  as 
in  his  judgment  the  public  service  may  require. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  be  entitled  to  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general  (under  the  act  of 
the  twelfth  of  April,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight),  with  forage 
for  two  additional  horses;  the  deputy  quartermasters,  when  not  taken 
from  the  line,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  sixty  dollars  per  month,  five 
rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  two  horses,  but  if  taken  from  the  line, 
then  such  additional  pay  and  emoluments  as  shall  be  equal  to  the  fore- 
going provision;  the  assistant  deputy  quartermasters,  when  not  taken 
from  the  line,  shall  be  entitled  to  and  receive  forty  dollars  per  month, 
three  rations  per  da}',  and  forage  for  one  horse,  but  if  taken  from  the 
line,  then  such  additional  pay  and  emoluments  as  shall  be  equal  to  the 
foregoing  provision. 

Sec.  3.  That,  in  addition  to  their  duties  in  the  field,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  his  deputies,  and  assistant  depu- 
ties, when  thereto  directed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  purchase  mili- 
tary stores,  camp  equipage,  and  other  articles  requisite  for  the  troops, 
and  generally  to  procure  and  provide  means  of  transport  for  the 
Army,  its  stores,  artillery,  and  camp  equipage;  that  the  Quartermaster- 
General  shall  account,  as  often  as  may  be  required,  and  at  least  once 
in  three  months,  with  the  Department  of  War,  in  such  manner  as  shall 
be  prescribed,  for  all  property  which  may  pass  through  his  hands  or 
the  hands  of  the  subordinate  officers  in  his  department,  or  that  may  be 
in  his  or  their  care  or  possession,  and  for  all  moneys  which  he  or  they 
may  expend  in  discharging  their  respective  duties;  that  he  shall  be 
responsible  for  the  regularity  and  correctness  of  all  returns  in  his 
department,  and  that  he,  his  deputies,  and  assistant  deputies,  before 
they  enter  on  the  execution  of  their  respective  offices,  shall  severally 
take  an  oath  faithfully  to  perform  the  duties  thereof. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  ...  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  deputy  commis- 
saries, when  directed  thereto,  ...  in  cases  of  necessity,  by  the 
.  .  .  Quartermaster-General  or  deputy  quartermasters,  to  pur- 
chase all  such  of  the  aforesaid  articles  as  may  be  requisite  for  the  mili- 
tary service  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  neither  .  .  .  the  Quartermaster-General  .  .  . 
shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  be  concerned  or  interested  in  carrying  on 
the  business  of  trade  or  commerce,  or  be  owner,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
of  any  sea  vessel;  nor  shall  (either  of  them)  purchase,  by  himself  or 
another  in  trust  for  him,  public  lands  or  any  other  public  property, 
or  be  concerned  in  the  purchase  or  disposal  of  any  public  securities  of 
any  State  or  of  the  United  States,  or  take  or  apply  to  his  own  use 
any  emolument  or  gain  for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  business  in 
the  said  department,  other  than  what  shall  be  allowed  by  law;  and  if 
.  .  .  the  said  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  shall  offend  against 
any  of  the  prohibitions  of  this  act,  the  parties  so  offending  shall,  upon 
conviction,  forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  penalty  of  three  thousand 
dollars  and  may  be  imprisoned  for  a  term  not  exceeding  five  years. 


The  quartermaster's  department.  .      197 

and  shall  be  removed  from  office  and  be  forever  thereafter  incapable 
of  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States. 

*  *  *- 

Sec.  10.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  Quartermaster- 
General    .     .     .     shall  be  free  from  postage. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  authorized  to  appoint 
a  principal  wagon  master  and  as  many  wagon  masters  as  he  may  judge 
necessary  for  the  service  of  the  Army,  not  exceeding  one  to  each  bri- 
gade, whose  duty  it  shall  be,  under  the  direction  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General  or  any  of  his  deputies,  to  provide  and  conduct  the  wagons  and 
other  means  of  transport  necessary  and  proper  for  the  military  service 
of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  13.  That  no  wagon  master  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  be  con- 
cerned or  interested  in  any  wagon  or  means  of  transport  employed  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  nor  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any 
horses,  harness,  wagons,  or  other  means  of  transport  procured  for  or 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  except  as  agent  for  the  United  States. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  principal  wagon  master  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
forty  dollars  per  month,  three  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  one 
horse;  and  each  wagon  master  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  thirty  dol- 
lars per  month,  two  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  one  horse. 

Sec.  15.  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  authorized  to  appoint 
one  principal  forage  master  and  as  many  assistant  forage  masters  as  the 
nature  of  the  service  may  require,  not  exceeding  one  to  each  brigade, 
whose  duty  shall  be,  under  the  direction  of  the  Quartermaster-General 
or  any  of  his  deputies,  to  provide  and  deliver  out  forage  necessary  and 
proper  for  the  military  service  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  for- 
age master  be  directly  or  indirectly  concerned  in  the  purchase  or  sale 
of  any  article  of  forage  procured  for  or  belonging  to  the  United  States, 
except  as  an  agent  for  tne  United  States. 

Sic.  16.  That  the  principal  forage  master  shall  be  entitled  to  and 
receive  forty  dollars  per  month,  three  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for 
two  horses;  and  that  the  other  forage  masters  shall  be  entitled  to  and 
receive  thirty  dollars  per  month,  two  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for 
one  horse. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  18.  That  this  act  shall  go  into  operation  on  the  first  day  of 
April  next;  and  that  so  much  of  the  act  fixing  the  military  peace  estab- 
lishment of  the  United  States  as  respects  the  appointment  of  military 
agents  and  assistant  military  agents  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
repealed  from  and  after  that  day;  imt  all  those  agents  shall  continue 
to  perform  their  respective  duties  in  the  meantime  and  until  the 
deputy  and  assistant  deputy  quartermasters  shall  be  appointed  and 
ready  to  enter  on  the  execution  of  their  respective  offices;  to  whom 
the  said  military  agents  and  assistant  military  agents  shall  then  deliver 
all  the  public  stores  and  property  in  their  possession. 

Sic.  19.  That  all  persons  attached  to  the  public  service  by  virtue  of 
this  a<t  shall  be  subject  to  military  law. 

Sic.  20.  That  the  President  may  and  hereby  is  authorized,  in  the 
recess  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  the  Quartermaster-General,  deputy 
quartermasters  ...  or  any  of  them,  which  appointments  shall 
he  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  their  next  session  for  their  advice  and 
consent. 


198      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  April  23,  1812  (2  Stats.,  710). 
AN  ACT  for  the  organization  of  a  corps  of  artificers. 

That  there  shall  be  attached  to  the  Quartermaster-General's  Depart- 
ment, and  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  officers  thereof,  a  corps  of 
artificers,  to  consist  of  one  superintendent,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  four  assistants,  two  master  masons,  two 
master  carpenters,  two  master  blacksmiths,  two  master  boat  builders, 
two  master  armorers,  two  master  saddle  and  harness  makers,  twenty 
house  carpenters,  five  ship  carpenters,  twenty  blacksmiths,  sixteen 
boat  builders,  sixteen  armorers,  twelve  saddle  and  harness  makers, 
and  twenty-four  laborers,  to  be  selected  from  the  privates  of  the  Army 
when  authorized  thereto  by  the  commanding  general,  or  engaged  from 
among  the  citizens  by  the  superintendent. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  pay  of  the  superintendent  of  artificers  shall  be 
forty-five  dollars  per  month,  three  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  one 
horse;  that  the  pay  of  the  four  assistants  be  each  thirty  dollars  per 
month  and  two  rations  per  day;  that  the  pay  of  the  twelve  master 
workmen  be  each  thirty  dollars  per  month  and  one  ration  and  one-half 
of  a  ration  per  day;  that  the  pay  of  the  other  workmen  be  each  sixteen 
dollars  per  month  and  one  ration  and  one-half  of  a  ration  per  day. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  superintendent  of  artificers 
to  render  a  correct  report,  once  each  month,  of  the  corps  to  the  Quar- 
termaster-General, and  on  oath  to  make  out  the  pay  roll  thereof, 
which  pay  roll  shall  be  examined  by  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  in 
his  absence  by  one  of  the  deputy  quartermasters,  and  by  him  be  coun- 
tersigned; and  faithfully  and  without  delay  to  execute  all  such  orders 
as  he  may  receive  from  the  Secretary  of  W  ar,  any  officer  of  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department,  or  from  the  officer  commanding  in  the  field 
or  garrison  to  which  his  corps,  or  any  part  thereof,  may  be  attached. 

Sec.  4.  That  this  corps  shall  be  engaged  for  and  during  the  term  of 
three  years,  unless  sooner  discharged  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 


Act  of  May  22,  1812  (2  Stats.,  71$). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  a  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, and  for  other  purposes." 

That  neither  .  .  .  the  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  nor 
any  or  either  of  their  deputies  or  assistant  deputies  shall  be  concerned, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale,  for  commercial  pur- 
poses, of  any  article  intended  for,  making  a  part  of,  appertaining  to 
their  .  .  .  departments,  except  for  and  on  account  of  the  United 
States;  nor  shall  they  .  .  .  take  or  apply  to  his  or  their  own  use 
any  gain  or  emolument  for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  business  in 
their  respective  departments  other  than  what  is  or  may  be  allowed  by 
law. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
empowered  to  appoint  one  principal  barrack  master,  and  as  many 
deputy  barrack  masters  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  necessary,  not 
exceeding  one  to  each  separate  barrack  or  cantonment,  which  said 
principal  barrack  master  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  same  pay, 
rations,  and  emoluments  as  the  principal  forage  master,  and  each  of 


THE    QUARTEKM ASTER'S    DEPARTMENT.  199 

his  deputies  the  same  pay,  rations,  and  emoluments  as  is  by  law  allowed 
to  a  deputy  forage  master. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Quartermaster-General,  the  deputy  quartermaster, 
and  the  assistant  deputy  quartermasters  shall,  before  they  or  either  of 
them  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  appointment,  respectively  enter 
into  bond,  with  sufficient  security,  to  be  approved  of  by  the  Secretary 
at  War,  conditioned  for  the  faithful  expenditure  of  all  public  moneys, 
and  accounting  for  all  public  property  which  may  come  into  their 
hands  respectively;  and  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  not  be  liable 
for  any  money  or  property  that  may  come  into  the  hands  of  the  subor- 
dinate officers  of  his  department. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  sixth  section  of  the  act  hereby  amended  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Act  of  July  6, 1812  (2  Stats.,  782). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  pay  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  .  .  .  to  a  brigade  quartermaster  .  .  .  there  shall  be 
allowed  forage  for  one  horse  only,  or,  in  lieu  thereof,  ten  dollars  per 
month;     .     .     . 

Act  of  July  6, 1812  (2  Stats.,  784). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  States,  other  than  that  in 
which  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army  shall  serve, 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint  one  .  .  .  deputy 
quartermaster-general,  .  .  .  who  shall  be  taken  from  the  line  of 
the  Army,  and  who  shall  each,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  other  emol- 
uments, be  entitled  to  fifty  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full 
<  ompensation  for  his  extra  services.  And  that  there  shall  be,  to  each 
of  tne  foregoing  deputies,  such  number  of  assistant  deputies  (not 
exceeding  three  to  each  department)  as  the  public  service  may  require, 
who  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  taken  from  the  line,  and  who  shall  each 
be  entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and 
other  emoluments,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra 
services:  A/ul  provided  also,  That  the  President  of  the  United  States 
be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  appoint  any  of  the  officers  named 
in  the  act  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Sen- 
ate at  their  next  meeting  for  their  advice  and  consent. 


Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  816). 

AN  ACT  the  better  to  provide  for  the  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
ami  for  the  accountability  of  persons  entrusted  with  the  same. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  [The  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  shall]  pre- 
scribe tin-  forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and 
supplies  purchased,  on  hand,  distributed,  used,  or  sold,  to  be  rendered 


200       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

by  the  several   officers   in  the  Quartermaster-General's 

Department,     .     .     . 

Sec.  3.  That  .  .  .  the  several  officers  in  the  Quartermaster- 
General's  Department,  .  .  .  who  shall  have  received  or  may  be 
entrusted  with  any  stores  or  supplies  of  any  description  whatever  for 
the  use  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  volunteers  or 
militia  in  their  service  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  of  the  disposi- 
tion and  state  of  all  such  stores  and  supplies  to  the  superintendent 
aforesaid,  and  shall  also  make  such  other  returns  respecting  the  same, 
and  at  such  other  times,  as  the  Secretary  for  the  War  Department  may 
prescribe:  Provided,  however,  That  the  accounts  and  returns  thus  ren- 
dered shall  relate  to  the  articles  of  supply  only  which  may  have  been 
received  and  disposed  of,  or  as  may  remain  on  hand,  and  shall  not 
embrace  the  specie  accounts  for  monies  disbursed  by  such  officers 
.  .  .  ;  which  specie  accounts  shall  be  rendered  as  heretofore  to  the 
accountants  for  the  War  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  .  .  .  who  may  receive  monies  in 
advance  from  the  War  Department  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  to 
the  accountant  of  the  said  Department  of  their  specie  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements, and  shall,  moreover,  make  such  other  monthly  summary 
statements  thereof  to  the  Secretary  for  the  said  Department  as  he  may 
prescribe.     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Secretary  for  the  War  Department  shall  be,  and 
he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  define  and  prescribe  the  spe- 
cies as  well  as  the  amount  of  supplies  to  be  respectively  purchased 
bjr  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General's  departments  and  the  respec- 
tive duties  and  powers  of  the  said  departments  respecting  such  pur- 
chases;    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
empowered  as  he  may  deem  it  expedient  ...  to  authorize  any 
officer  or  officers  in  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department  to  sup- 
ply and  issue  as  aforesaid  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  subsistence  of 
the  Army  in  all  cases  where,  either  from  the  want  of  contractors  or 
from  any  deficiency  on  their  part  or  from  any  contingency,  such 
measure  may  be  proper  and  necessary  in  order  to  insure  the  subsist- 
ence of  the  Army  or  of  any  part  thereof;     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1813  *  (2  Stats.,  819). 
AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 


That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General's  departments  shall  con- 
sist of  the  following  officers;  that  is  to  say,  .  .  .  eight  quarter- 
masters-general, eight  deputy  quartermasters-general,  and  thirty -two 
assistant  deputy  quartermasters-general. 

Sec.  2.  That    .     .     .     the  Quartermaster-General  attached  to  the 

1  The  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  authorized  to  be  appointed  under 
this  act  was  not  a  staff  officer,  but  a  civilian  with  a  salary  of  $3,000  per  annum.  His 
duties  were  to  keep  proper  accounts  of  all  military  stores  and  supplies  of  every 
description  purchased  for  the  Army,  the  volunteers,  and  the  militia,  and  to  prescribe 
forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and  supplies,  etc. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  201 

principal  Army  shall,  as  heretofore,  have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay 
and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general. 

Sue.  3.  That  all  the  other  .  .  .  quartermasters-general  shall 
have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of 
infantry;  .  .  .  deputy  quartermasters-general  .  .  .  shall 
have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major  of  cav- 
alry; and  the  .  .  .  assistant  deputy  quartermasters-general  shall 
have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of 
infantry. 

Sec.  4.  .  .  .  The  .  .  .  Quartermasters-General,  deputy 
quartermasters-general,  .  .  .  and  assistant  quartermasters-general, 
may  be  taken  from  the  line  or  not  as  the  President  may  deem  expe- 
dient.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  forage,  wagon,  and  barrack  masters  shall  be 
appointed  as  heretofore;  but  each  quartermaster-general  attached  to 
a  separate  army,  command,  or  district  shall  be  authorized,  with  the 
approbation  and  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  War 
Department,  to  appoint  as  many  such  officers,  and  to  employ  as  many 
artificers,  mechanics,  and  laborers  as  the  public  service  may  require. 

Sec.  i>.  That  the  assistant  deputy  quartermasters-general  may  be 
appointed,  and  officers  taken  from  the  line  and  transferred  to  the  staff 
may  be  thus  transferred  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  alone. 
But  all  other  new  appointments  authorized  by  this  act  shall  be  made 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate:  Provided,  That  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate  such 
appointments  may  be  made  by  the  President  alone,  in  which  case  the 
same  shall  be  laid  before  the  Senate  at  their  next  session  for  their 
advice  and  consent. 

Sec.  1<).  That  every  act,  and  any  part  of  any  act  of  Congress  now 
in  force  within  the  purview  and  meaning  of  this  act,  be,  and  the  same 
are  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  11.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  .  .  .  quarter- 
masters-general, .  .  .  which  relate  to  their  official  duties,  shall  be 
free  from  postage. 

Act  of  March  30,  18U  (3  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organising,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sbc.  20.  That  in  no  case  shall  the  district  .  .  .  quartermasters 
of  any  grade  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army. 


Act  of  December  15,  18U  (3  Stats.,  151). 

AN  ACT  ilircctiiiL' the  ntaff  officers  of  the  Army  to  comply  with  the  requisitions  of 
naval  and  marine  officers  in  certain  cases. 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  officers  of  the  staff  of  the 
Armv  of  the  United  States  to  provide  [on  the  requisition  of  the  com- 
manding naval  or  marine  officers  when  acting  or  proceeding  to  act  on 


202       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

shore  in  cooperation  with  land  troops]  .  .  .  the  necessary  trans- 
portation, as  well  for  the  men  as  for  their  baggage,  provisions,  and 
cannon :     . 

Sec.  2.  That  the  respective  quartermasters  of  the  Army  shall,  upon 
the  requisition  of  the  commanding  naval  officer  of  any  such  detach- 
ment of  seamen  or  marines,  furnish  the  said  officer  and  his  necessary 
aids  with  horses,  accoutrements,  and  forage  during  the  time  they  may 
be  employed  in  cooperating  with  the  land  troops  as  aforesaid. 

Act  of  March  3,  1815  (3  Stats.,  224). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  four  brigade  quartermasters 
.  .  .  The  .  .  .  brigade  quartermasters  shall  be  taken  from 
the  subalterns  of  the  line. 


May  17, 1815. —  .  .  .  And  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  further  judged 
proper,  that,  in  addition  to  the  provision  for  a  general  staff  which  is  specifically  made 
by  the  act  of  Congress,  certain  officers  shall  be  retained  under  the  special  authority 
given  by  the  act,  until  circumstances  will  permit  of  their  discharge  without  material 
injury  to  the  service;  and  that  the  following  shall  be  the 

GENERAL   STAFF. 


One  Quartermaster-General  and  two  deputy  quartermasters-general  to  be  provision- 
ally retained. 

Four  brigade  quartermasters. 

*  *  * 
{General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office.) 

Act  of  April  U,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  United  States. 

That  in  addition  to  the  act  providing  for  a  military  peace  establish- 
ment, the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  the  third,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirteen,  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff, 
be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  so  far  established,  that  the  general  staff 
shall,  in  future,  consist  of  .  .  .  one  Quartermaster-General  with 
one  deputy  quartermaster-general  to  a  division;  and  an  assistant  of 
each  to  every  brigade,  which  shall  .supersede  the  brigade  quartermas- 
ters   .     .     .     now  existing    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  all  officers  of  the  .  .  .  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment, shall,  previous  to  their  entering  on  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the  United  States,  fully  to 
account  for  all  moneys  and  public  property  which  they  may  receive, 
in  such  sum  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  direct.     .     .     . 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  203 

Act  of  March  3,  1817  (3  Stats.,  39J). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  making  further  provisions  for  military 
services  during  the  late  war,  and  for  other  purposes." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  provisions  contained  in  an  act  entitled  "An  act  fix- 
ing the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,"  passed  on 
the  third  of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  granting 
to  the  com  missioned  officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  who  were  deranged 
by  said  act,  three  months'  pay  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  emoluments 
to  which  they  were  entitled  by  law  at  the  time  of  their  discharge, 
shall  equally  extend  to  wagon  masters,  forage  masters,  barrack  masters, 
.  .  .  who  were  deranged  by  the  before-recited  act,  except  those 
provisionally  retained  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  U,  1818  (3  Stats.,  1&6). 
AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 

That  so  much  of  the  .  .  .  "Act  for  organizing  the  general  staff 
and  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States," 
parsed  April  twenty-fourth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixteen, 
as  relates  to  .  .  .  forage,  wagon,  and  barrack  masters,  and  their 
assistants  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

*  *  *         . 

Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  the  act  of  the  twenty-fourth  of  April,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixteen,  aforesaid  as  relates  to  the  quar- 
termaster-general of  division  shall  be  repealed  and  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  shall  consist,  in  addition  to  the  two  deputy  quartermas- 
ters-general and  the  four  assistant  deputy  quartermasters-general,  now 
authorized,  of  one  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emolument  of  a  brigadier-general,  and  as  many  assistant  deputy  quar- 
ma-ters-general  as  the  President  shall  deem  proper,  not  exceeding  in 
the  whole  number  twelve. 


Act  ofMaxj  1,  18W1  (3  Stats.,  567). 

AN  A<  T  in  addition  to  the  several  acta  for  the  establishment  and  regulation  of  the 
Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  no  contract  shall  hereafter  be  made  by  the  Secretary 
of  .  .  .  the  Department  of  War,  .  .  .  except  under  a  law 
authorizing  the  same,  or  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  ful- 
fillment; and  excepting,  also,  .  .  .  contracts  by  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department,  which  may  be   made  by  the  secretaries  of  those 

departments. 

*  *  * 

•Section  5  of  this  act  authorizes  the  President  to  direct  a  portion  of  the  moneys 
appropriated  respectively  for  the  service  of  the  Quartermaster's,  Subsistence,  and 

Medical  Departments  t<>  he  applied  t<»  any  other  of  the  alxive-incntioned  hranches  of 
expenditure. 


204      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.  ARMY. 
Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  there  shall  be  one  Quartermaster-General;  that  there 
shall  be  two  quartermasters,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
majors  of  cavalry;  and  ten  assistant  quartermasters,  who  shall,  in 
addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line,  receive  a  sum  not  less  than  ten  nor 
more  than  twentv  dollars  per  month,  to-be  regulated  by  the  Secretary 
of  War. 

Sec.  8.  That  .  .  .  the  assistant  quartermasters  .  .  .  shall 
be  subject  to  duties  in  both  departments  [and  Subsistence  Department] 
under  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1825  (j.  Stats.,  127). 
AN  ACT  authorizing  the  sale  of  unserviceable  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  cause  to  be  sold  any  .  .  .  military  stores  .  .  .  which, 
upon  proper  inspection  and  survey,  shall  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
otherwise  unsuitable  for  the  public  service,  whenever,  in  his  opinion, 
the  sale  of  such  unserviceable  stores  will  be  advantageous  to  the  public 
service. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  inspection  or  survey  of  the  unserviceable  stores 
shall  be  made  by  an  inspector-general,  or  such  other  officer  or  officers 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  appoint  for  that  purpose;  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Act  of  May  18,  1826  (j.  Stats.,  173). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  accountability  for  clothing  and  equipage  issued  to  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  and  for  the  better  organization  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department. 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  in 
addition  to  its  present  duties,  to  receive  from  the  purchasing  depart- 
ment and  distribute  to  the  Army  of  the  United  States  all  clothing  and 
camp  and  garrison  equipage  required  for  the  use  of  the  troops;  and 
that  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  prescribe  and  enforce,  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  a  system  of  accountability  for  all  clothing  and 
equipage  issued  to  the  Army. 

Sec.  2.  That  every  captain,  or  commander  of  a  company,  detach- 
ment, or  recruiting  station,  or  other  officer,  who  shall  have  received 
clothing  or  camp  equipage  for  the  use  of  his  command,  or  for  issue  to 
the  troops,  shall  render  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  at  the  expiration 
of  each  regular  quarter  of  the  year,  quarterly  returns  of  such  sup- 
plies, according  to  the  forms  which  may  be  prescribed,  accompanied 
by  the  requisite  vouchers  for  any  issue  that  shall  have  been  made,  which 
returns  and  vouchers,  after  due  examination  by  the  Quartermaster- 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  205 

General,  shall  be  transmitted  for  settlement  to  the  proper  officer  of 
the  Treasury  Department. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  officers  charged  with  the 
issue  of  clothing  or  other  supplies  carefully  to  preserve  the  same  from 
waste  or  damage;  and  in  case  of  deficiency  on  final  settlement  of  any 
article  of  supplies  the  value  thereof  shall  be  charged  against  the  delin- 
quent and  deducted  from  his  monthly  pay,  unless  he  shall  show  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Secretary  of  War  by  one  or  more  depositions  set- 
ting forth  the  circumstances  of  the  case  that  the  said  deficiency  was 
occasioned  by  unavoidable  accident,  or  was  lost  in  actual  service,  with- 
out any  fault  on  his  part;  and  in  case  of  damage  he  shall  also  be  sub- 
ject to  charge  for  the  damage  actually  sustained,  unless  he  shall  show, 
in  like  manner,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  that  due 
care  and  attention  were  given  to  the  preservation  of  said  supplies  and 
that  the  damage  did  not  result  from  neglect. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  better  to  enable  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to 
carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  act  there  be  appointed  two  addi- 
tional quartermasters  and  ten  assistant  quartermasters,  to  be  taken 
from  the  line  of  the  Army,  who  shall  have  the  same  rank  and  compen- 
sation as  are  provided  for  like  grades  by  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States," 
approved  the  second  day  of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twenty -one:  Provided,  That  assistant  quartermasters  be  entitled,  also, 
to  receive  the  allowance  of  forage  heretofore  authorized  by  law  to 
regimental  and  battalion  quartermasters. 

Sec.  5.  That  each  officer  appointed  under  this  act  shall,  before  he 
enters  upon  his  duties,  give  bond,  with  sufficient  surety,  to  be  approved 
by  the  Secretary-  of  War,  in  such  sum  as  the  President  shall  direct, 
with  condition  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  duties  of  his  office. 

Act  of  March  2,  1827  (j.  Stats.,  238). 

AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  act  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General  ...  be 
authorized  to  frank  and  to  receive  letters  and  packets  by  post  free  of 
postage    .     .     . 


Act  of  July  4,  1836  {5  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  appointment  of   additional   paymasters,   and   for    >ther 

purrees. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  during  the  absence  of  the  Quartermaster-General 
.  .  .  the  President  be  authorized  to  empower  some  officer  of  the 
department  .  .  .  whose  chief  is  absent  to  take  charge  thereof, 
and  to  perform  the  duties  of  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  during 
such  absence:  Provided,  That  no  additional  compensation  be  allowed 
therefor. 


206       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  add 
to  the  Quartermaster's  Department  not  exceeding  two  assistant 
quartermasters-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  two  deputy  quarter- 
masters-general with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  eight  assistant 
quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  captain;  that  the  assistant  quarter- 
masters now  in  service  shall  have  the  same  rank  as  is  provided  by  this 
act  for  those  hereby  authorized;  and  that  the  pay  and  emoluments  of 
the  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall  be  the  same  as  are 
allowed  to  officers  of  similar  rank  in  the  regiment  of  dragoons:  Pro- 
vided, That  all  appointments  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall 
be  made  from  the  Army,  and  when  officers  taken  for  such  appoint- 
ments hold  rank  in  the  line  they  shall  thereupon  relinquish  said  rank 
and  be  separated  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  that  promotion  in 
said  department  shall  take  place  as  in  regiments  and  corps. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  from  time  to  time  to  employ  as  man}^  forage  masters  and 
wagon  masters  as  he  may  deem  necessary  for  the  service,  not  exceed- 
ing twenty  in  the  whole,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  each  forty 
dollars  per  month  and  three  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  one  horse; 
and  neither  of  whom  shall  be  interested  or  concerned,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, in  any  wagon  or  other  means  of  transport  employed  by  the 
United  States,  nor  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any  property  procured 
for  or  belonging  to  the  United  States,  except  as  an  agent  for  the 
United  States. 


Act  of  July  7,  1838  (5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 
*  *  * 

Third.  That  so  much  of  said  act  as  requires  assistant  quartermasters 
to  be  separated  from  the  line  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 


Act  of  August  23,  18 J$  (5  Stats.,  512). 

AN  ACT  resecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  office  of  commissary-general  of  purchases,  some- 
times called  commissary  of  purchases,  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
abolished,  and  the  duties  thereof  shall  hereafter  be  performed  by  the 
officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  with  such  of  the  officers 
and  clerks  now  attached  to  the  purchasing  department  as  shall  be 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  207 

authorized  by  the  Secretan^  of  War,  and  under  such  regulations  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  said  Secretary,  under  the  sanction  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  Juris  18,  181,6  (9  Stats.,  17). 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  providing  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,"  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  when  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  in  such  numbers  that  the  officers  of  the  Quarter- 
master .  .  .  departments,  authorized  by  law,  be  not  sufficient  to 
provide  for  supplying,  quartering,  transporting  .  .  .  them  .  .  . 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint,  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  as  many  additional  officers  of  said  departments  as 
tin'  service  may  require,  not  exceeding  one  quartermaster  .  .  .  for 
each  brigade,  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  one  assistant  quartermaster 
with  the  rank  of  captain;  .  .  .  the  said  quartermasters,  .  .  . 
assistant  quartermasters,  ...  to  give  bonds,  with  good  and  suf- 
ficient sureties,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties;  and  they 
.  .  .  to  perform  such  duties  as  the  President  shall  direct :  Provided, 
That  the  said  officers  shall  be  allowed  the  same  pay  and  emoluments 
as  are  now  allowed  to  officers  of  the  same  descriptions  and  grades  in 
those  departments,  .  .  .  that  they  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  Arti- 
cles of  War,  and  continue  in  service  only  so  long  as  their  services  shall 
be  required  in  connection  with  the  militia  and  volunteers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  promotion  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to  the 
rank  of  major  shall  hereafter  be  made  from  the  captains  of  the 
Army.     .     .     . 


Act  of  February  11,  184-7  (9  Stats.,  123). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited   time  an  additional   military  force,  and  for  other 

purposes. 


.  10.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  President,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint,  from  the  officers 
of  the  Army,  four  quartermasters  of  the  rank  of  major,  and  ten  assist- 
ant quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  captain. 

Act  of  March  ■!.  l%7  (9  Stats.,  181j). 

AN  ACT  making  provision   for  an  additional    Dumber  of  general  officers,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

#  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  the  provisions  of  the  sixth  section  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  act  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,"  etc.,  approved 
August  twenty-third,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-two,  which 


208       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

allows  additional  rations  to  certain  officers  of  the  Army,  be,  and  the 
same  are  hereby,  so  extended  as  to  embrace  the  Quartermaster-General 
.     .     .     of  the  Army  from  the  date  of  the  act. 

*  *  * 

*  July  10,  1848  (9-246) . — Provisions  of  pension  laws  construed  to  apply  to  enlisted 
men  in  the  several  corps  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  July  19,  1848  (9  Stats.,  U?)- 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  'An  act 
providing  for  the  prosecution  of  the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Republic  of  Mexico,'  "  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  said  act  passed  on  the  eleventh  February, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-seven,  as  requires  the  discharge 
at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico  of  ...  ;  four  quartermasters 
and  ten  assistant  quartermasters,  as  authorized  by  the  10th  section  of 
said  act;  .  .  .  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided, 
That  no  vacancy  happening  under  the  provisions  so  repealed  shall  be 
filled  up  until  further  authorized  by  law:     .     .     . 

September  28,  1850  (9-504)- — Moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  military  stores  and 
other  supplies  exempted  from  operation  of  act  of  March  3,  1849,  requiring  certain 
moneys  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  without  abatement  or  reduction. 

Act  of  March  3,  1851  (9  Stats.,  595). 

AN  ACT  to  found  a  military  asylum  for  the  relief  and  support  of  invalid  and  dis- 
abled soldiers  of  the  Armv  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  2.   That     .     .     .     the  Quartermaster-General     .     .     .     shall 
be  ex  officio  commissioners  of  the  same.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1857  (11  Stats.,  WO). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-eight. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department 
of  the  Army  five  military  storekeepers,  who  shall  give  the  bond  and 
security  required  by  the  existing  law;  and  they  and  all  other  military 
storekeepers  shall  have  in  kind,  and  in  kind  only,  the  fuel  and  quarters 
of  first  lieutenant  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1859  (11-431). — Board  of  commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  reduced; 
Quartermaster-General  no  longer  a  member  thereof. 

Act  of  June  23,  1860  (12  Stats.,  91). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-one. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 


THE  QUARTERMASTER^  DEPARTMENT.  209 

of  articles  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made  by  advertising-, 
a  sufficient  time  previously,  for  proposals  respecting  the  same.  When 
immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the  public  exigency, 
the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or 
contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such  articles  are 
usually  bought  and  sold  or  such  services  engaged  between  individuals. 
No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made  unless  the  same  be 
authorized  by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfil- 
ment, except  in  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  for  clothing,  subsist- 
ence, forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation,  which,  however,  shall 
not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  No  .  .  .  military 
supplies  whatever  which  are  of  a  patented  invention  shall  be  purchased, 
nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying  any  patented  invention,  unless 
the  same  shall  be  authorized  by  law  and  the  appropriation  therefor 
explicitly  set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention. 


Act  of  February  21,  1861  (12  Stats.,  ltf). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  the  thir- 
tieth of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-one,"  approved  June  twenty-three,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  except  so  far  as 
the  said  section  prohibits  the  purchase  of  patented  firearms,  as  to  which 
the  said  section  shall  still  be  in  force. 


Act  of  March  2,  1861  (12  Stats.,  214). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 

*  *•  # 

Sec.  10.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  the  article  or  articles,  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made 
by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals  respecting  the 
si i ne.  When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the 
public  exigency,  the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by 
open  purchase  or  contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such 
articles  are  usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such  services  engaged  between 
individuals.  No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made,  unions 
the  same  be  authorized  by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate 
to  its  fulfilment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  .  Departments,  for  cloth- 
ing, subsistence,  forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation  which,  how- 
ever, shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  And  the 
third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropriations  for 
the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  ( Jovernment  for 
Hie  year  ending  the  thirtieth  [twenty-third]  of  Juno,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-one,    shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

S.  Doc.  229 14 


210       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  July  22,  1861  (12  Stats.,  268). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  employment  of  volunteers  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  laws  and 
protecting  public  property. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.     .     .     .     Each  brigade     .     .     .     shall  have     .     .     .     one 
assistant  quartermaster.     .     .     . 


Act  of  August  3,  1861  (12  Stats.,  287). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  3.     .  And  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Quartermaster's 

Department  one  colonel,  two  lieutenant-colonels,  four  majors,  and 
twenty  captains,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  officers  of 
cavalry;  and  whenever  any  army  captain  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  shall  have  served  fourteen  years'  continuous  service,  he 
shall  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major;  and  that  there  shall  be  added 
to  the  Quartermaster's  Department  as  many  master  wagoners,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  sergeants  of  cavalry,  and  as  many 
wagoners,  with  the  pay  and  allowances  of  corporals  of  cavalry,  as 
the  military  service,  in  the  judgment  of  the  President,  ma}r  render 
necessary.     .     .     . 


Act  of  January  31,  1862  (12  Stats.,  334). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  certain  cases  to  take 
possession  of  railroad  and  telegraph  lines,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  transportation  of  troops,  munitions  of  war,  equip- 
ment, military  property,  and  stores  throughout  the  United  States 
shall  be  under  the  immediate  control  and  supervision  of  the  Secretary 
of  War  and  such  agents  as  he  may  appoint;  and  all  rules,  regulations, 
articles,  usages,  and  laws  in  conflict  with  this  provision  are  hereby 

annulled. 

*  *  * 

February  12,  1862  (12-338) . — Three  competent  naval  officers  may  be  temporarily 
detailed  for  inspecting  transport  vessels,  etc. ,  for  the  service  of  the  War  Department. 

Act  of  July  5,  1862  (12  Stats.,  505). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  additional  appropriations 
for  the  year  ending  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  as 
many  military  storekeepers  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the 
Army  as  the  exigencies  of  the  service  may  require:  Provided,  The 
whole  number  of  military  storekeepers  in  that  department  shall  not 
exceed  twelve. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  211 

.hihj  12,  1862  {12-624). — Extra  clothing  to  be  furnished  to  all  sick,  wounded,  or 
other  soldiers  who  may  have  lost  the  same  by  the  casualties  of  war. 

July  17, 1862  (12-594). — Contractors  for  military  supplies  guilty  of  fraud  to  be  sub- 
ject to  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  Army.  This  provision  was  extended 
by  section  7  of  the  act  of  July  7,  1864  (13-394),  to  apply  to  their  agents  and  to  all 
inspectors  of  military  supplies. 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  {12  Stats.,  597). 

AX  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
>iq  .press  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty -eighth, 
seventeen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  acts  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  each  army  corps  .shall  have  .  .  .  one  quarter- 
master .  .  .  who  shall  bear  .  .  .  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  who  shall  be  assigned  from  the  Army  or  volunteer  force 
by  the  President.     .     .     . 


Act  of  June  25,  1864.  (13  Stats.,  181). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  every  quartermaster  and  assistant  quartermaster  .  .  .  shall, 
as  soon  as  practicable,  be  ordered  to  appear  for  examination  as  to  his 
qualifications  before  a  board  to  be  composed  of  three  staif  officers  of 
the  corps  to  which  he  belongs,  of  recognized  merit  and  fitness,  of  whom 
two  at  least  shall  be  officers  of  volunteers,  which  board  shall  make  a 
careful  examination  as  to  the  qualification  of  all  officers  who  may 
appear  before  them  in  pursuance  of  this  act,  and  shall  also  keep  min- 
utes and  make  a  full  and  true  record  of  the  examination  in  each  case. 
And  all  members  of  such  boards  of  examination  shall,  before  proceed- 
ing to  the  discharge  of  their  duties  as  herein  provided,  swear  or  affirm 
that  they  will  conduct  all  examinations  with  impartiality  and  with  a 
sole  view  to  the  qualifications  of  the  person  or  persons  to  be  examined, 
and  that  they  will  not  divulge  the-vote  of  any  member  upon  the  exam- 
ination  of  any  officer  who  may  appear  before  them. 

Skc.  2.  That  such  boards  of  examination  shall  be  convened,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  by  the  Quartermaster-General 
.  .  .  at  convenient  places;  and  general  rules  of  examination  and  a 
standard  of  qualification  shall  be  prescribed  by  said  officers,  subject  to 
tin-  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be  published  in  general 
order-. 

Sec.  8.  That  after  such  general  order  shall  have  been  published  for 
sixty  days  if  any  officer  who  shall  then  be  ordered  before  a  board  of 
examiners,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  fail  for  thirty  days 
after  receiving  such  special  order  to  report  himself  as  directed,  all  his 
pay  and  allowances  shall  cease  and  be  forfeited  until  he  does  appear  and 
report  for  examination;  and  if  he  shall  still  thereafter  fail  for  a  further 
period  of  thirty  days  so  to  appear  he  shall  thereupon  be  dropped 
from  the  rolls  of  the  Army:  /W/vVAv/,  horn,  n  r,  That  if  such  failure  to 
appear  and  report  shall  have  been  occasioned  by  wounds  or  sickness, 
or  other  physical  disability,  then  there  shall  be  no  forfeiture  of  pay 
until  thirty  days  after  such  disability  has  been  removed;  but  if  in  sixty 
days  after  the  disability  is  removed  the  officer  shall  not  report  himself 
he  shall  then  be  dropped  from  the  rolls  as  in  other  cases. 


212       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  4.  That  if  the  board  of  examination  shall  report  that  any  officer 
does  not  possess  the  requisite  business  qualifications  they  shall  forward 
the  record  of  the  examination  of  such  officer  to  the  head  of  the  bureau 
to  which  he  maj7  belong,  and  if  the  head  of  such  bureau  shall  approve 
the  finding'  and  report  of  the  board  he  shall  forward  the  same,  through 
the  Secretary  of  War,  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  if  the 
President  shall  confirm  the  same  the  officer  so  failing  in  his  examina- 
tion shall,  if  commissioned,  be  dismissed  from  the  service  with  one 
month's  pay,  and  if  not  yet  commissioned,  his  appointment  shall  be 
revoked.  And  if  the  board  shall  report  that  any  officer  fails  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination  by  reason  of  intemperance,  gambling,  or  other 
immoralit}^,  and  if  the  head  of  the  bureau  shall  approve  the  finding  and 
report  of  the  board,  and  the  same  being  communicated,  as  before  pro- 
vided, to  the  President  and  confirmed  by  him,  then  such  officer  shall 
be  dismissed  from  the  service  without  pay,  and  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  reenter  the  service  as  an  officer:  Provided,  That  such  dismissal  shall 
not  relieve  him  from  liability  under  existing  laws  for  any  offense  he 
may  have  committed. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  boards  of  examination  shall  forward  all  their  rec- 
ords of  examination  to  the  heads  of  the  bureau  to  which  they  appertain, 
and  such  records  shall  be  filed  in  the  proper  bureau  with  a  suitable 
index;  and  any  officer  who  may  desire  it  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a 
copy  of  the  record  in  his  own  case  upon  paying  the  cost  of  copying 
the  same. 

Act  of  My  4,  186 1^  {13  Stats.,  381). 

AN  ACT  to  restrict  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Claims  and  to  provide  for  the 
payment  of  certain  demands  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  subsistence  supplies 
furnished  to  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  all  claims  of  loyal  citizens  in  States  not  in  rebellion  for 
quartermaster's  stores  actually  furnished  to  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  and  receipted  for  by  the  proper  officer  receiving  the  same,  or 
which  may  have  been  taken  by  such  officers  without  giving  such  receipt, 
may  be  submitted  to  the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  United  States, 
accompanied  with  such  proofs  as  each  claimant  can  present  of  the  facts 
in  his  case;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster-General  to 
cause  such  claim  to  be  examined,  and  if  convinced  that  it  is  just  and 
of  the  loyalty  of  the  claimant,  and  that  the  stores  have  been  actually 
received  or  taken  for  the  use  of  and  used  by  said  Army,  then  to  report 
each  case  to  the  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  with  a  recommendation 
for  settlement. 


Act  of  My  4,  1864  {13  Stats.,  394). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  better  organization  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

That  there  shall  be  established  in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General  of  the  Army,  to  exist  during  the  present  rebellion  and  one 
year  thereafter,  the  following  divisions,  each  of  which  shall  be  placed  in 
the  charge  of  a  competent  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department, 
to  be  assigned  to  such  duty  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall,  under 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  213 

such  rules  as  may  bo  prescribed  by  the  Quartermaster-General,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  transact  the  business  of  such 
division  as  hereinafter  provided,  to  wit: 

The  first  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  procurement, 
and  disposition  of  horses  and  mules  for  cavalry,  artillery,  wagon  and 
ambulance  trains,  and  all  other  purposes  for  which  horses  or  mules 
may  be  procured  for  the  armies  of  the  United  States. 

The  second  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  procurement, 
issue,  and  disposition  of  cloth  and  clothing,  knapsacks,  camp  and  gar- 
rison equipage,  and  all  accoutrements  of  the  soldier  which  are  provided 
by  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

The  third  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  charter,  hire, 
and  maintenance  of  all  vessels  to  be  used  in  the  transportation  of  the 
Army,  and  of  prisoners  of  war,  and  of  their  supplies,  on  the  ocean,  and 
the  bays  and  sounds  connected  therewith,  and  upon  the  northern  and 
northwestern  lakes,  including  all  vessels  propelled  by  steam  or  other- 
wise, owned  or  employed  by  the  War  Department,  excepting  river 
steam  vessels  and  barges  upon  the  Western  rivers. 

The  fourth  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  charter,  hire, 
maintenance,  and  procurement  of  all  transportation  for  the  Army,  and 
its  supplies  by  land  and  upon  the  Western  rivers  (other  than  transpor- 
tation by  animal  power  in  the  field  and  at  camps,  garrisons,  posts, 
depots,  and  stations),  including  all  railroad  and  telegraph  lines  oper- 
ated by  the  United  States  for  military  purposes,  and  of  all  steam  rams 
and  gunboats  owned  or  employed  by  the  War  Department  upon  the 
Western  rivers,  until  other  disposition  shall  be  made  of  them  by  com- 
petent authority. 

The  fifth  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  procurement, 
issue,  and  disposition  of  forage  and  straw  for  the  Army. 

The  sixth  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  erection,  procurement, 
maintenance,  disposition,  and  so  forth,  of  all  barracks,  hospital  build- 
ings, storehouses,  stables,  bridges  (other  than  railroad  bridges), 
wharves,  and  other  structures  composed  in  whole  or  in  part  of  lum- 
ber, and  of  all  lumber,  nails,  and  hardware  for  building  purposes;  and 
of  the  hire  and  commutation  of  quarters  for  officers,  the  hire  of  quar- 
ters for  troops,  the  hire  of  grounds  for  cantonments,  or  other  military 
Eurposes,  ana  the  repair  and  care  of  all  buildings  and  other  structures 
erein  mentioned,  and  of  all  grounds  owned,  hired,  or  occupied  for 
military  purposes,  except  such  as  are  lawfully  under  the  charge  of 
other  bureaus  of  the  War  Department;  and  of  extra  pay  to  soldiers 
employed  in  erecting  barracks,  or  other  fatigue  duty,  under  the  acts 
of  March  second,  eighteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  ana*  August  fourth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-four. 

The  seventh  division  shall  have  charge  of  the  purchase,  procure- 
ment, issue,  and  disposition  of  all  wagons,  ambulances,  travelling 
forges,  and  harness  (except  such  as  are  furnished  by  the  Ordnance 
Department),  and  of  all  hardware,  except  as  hereinbefore  provided, 
ana  of  all  fuel  for  officers  and  enlisted  men,  camps,  garrisons,  hospitals, 
posts,  storehouses,  offices,  public  transports,  steam  rams,  and  army 
gunboats,  and  of  all  transportation  by  animal  power  in  the  field,  at 
camps,  garrisons,  posts,  depots,  and  stations,  and  of  the  construction 
and  repair  of  roads  other  than  railroads;  and  of  the  compensation  of 
wagon  and  forage  masters,  and  of  clerks  to  officers  of  the  Quarter- 
master's Department;  and  of  the  purchase  of  heating  and  cooking 


214       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

stoves;  and  of  the  expenses  of  courts-martial,  military  commissions, 
and  courts  of  inquiry;  and  of  mileage  and  allowances  to  officers  for 
the  transportation  of  themselves  and  their  baggage  when  travelling 
upon  duty  without  troops,  escorts,  or  supplies,  and  of  supplies  for 
prisoners  of  war  and  such  refugees  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct 
to  be  temporarily  provided  for;  and  of  the  purchase  of  stationery, 
blanks,  and  blank  books  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department;  and  of 
the  printing  of  the  division  and  department  orders  and  reports;  and  of 
the  proper  and  authorized  expenses  for  the  movements  and  operations 
of  an  army  not  expressly  assigned  to  any  other  division  or  department. 

The  eighth  division  shall  have  charge  of  all  inspections  of  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department,  and  of  all  reports  made  by  officers  assigned 
to  inspection  duty,  analyzing  and  preserving  the  reports  as  received, 
and  communicating  through  the  Quartermaster-General  to  the  chiefs 
of  the  proper  divisions  such  portions  of  these  reports  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  their  information  and  use:  Provided,  That  the  officers  assigned 
to  inspection  duty  shall  have  power  not  only  to  report  and  to  point 
out  any  errors  or  abuses  which  they  may  discover  in  the  practical 
operations  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  but  to  give,  by  order 
of  the  Quartermaster-General,  the  orders  which  may  be  immediately 
necessary  to  correct  and  prevent  a  continuance  of  such  abuse  or  errors: 
Provided  further,  That  all  such  orders  shall  be  immediately  reported 
to  the  chief  of  the  inspection  division  for  the  approval  or  otherwise  of 
the  Quartermaster-General. 

The  ninth  division  shall  have  charge  of  all  correspondence,  returns, 
reports,  and  records  received,  filed,  and  preserved  in  the  office  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,  and  of  the  transmission  thereof  to  the  several 
other  divisions  of  this  office,  and  departments  of  the  Government. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  heads  of  the  several  divisions  above  mentioned 
shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  from  time  to 
time,  advertise  for  proposals  for  the  supplies  necessary  for  the  move- 
ments and  operations  of  the  several  armies,  posts,  detachments,  garri- 
sons, hospitals,  and  for  other  military  purposes,  in  newspapers  having 
general  circulation  in  those  parts  of  the  country  where  such  supplies 
can  be  most  advantageously  furnished,  having  regard  also  to  the  places 
where  such  supplies  are  to  be  delivered  and  used;  and  all  such  sup- 
plies, so  purchased  and  contracted  for,  shall  be  subject  to  careful 
inspection,  and  all  clothing  and  camp  and  garrison  equipage  shall  be 
subject  to  a  double  inspection,  first,  as  to  the  quality  of  the  material, 
and,  second,  as  to  the  kind  and  character  of  the  workmanship,  which 
inspection  shall  in  all  cases  be  performed  by  a  competent  inspector, 
with  suitable  assistants,  who  shall  have  had  ample  experience  in  the 
inspection  of  cloth,  clothing,  knapsacks,  camp  and  garrison  equipage; 
and  all  payments  for  supplies  so  purchased  shall  be  made  under  the 
direction  of  the  officers  in  charge  of  the  several  divisions  above  men- 
tioned., upon  receipts  or  certificates  from  the  officers  inspecting  and 
receiving  such  supplies,  prepared  in  such  form  and  attested  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Quartermaster-General. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster-General  to 
establish  depots,  from  time  to  time,  at  places  convenient  to  the  prin- 
cipal armies  in  the  field,  for  receiving  and  distributing  the  supplies 
necessary  for  such  armies,  and  for  the  detachments,  posts,  and  hos- 
pitals most  accessible  to  such  depots;  and  the  business  of  inspecting, 
weighing,  measuring,  and  receiving  supplies  for  such  armies,  detach- 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  215 

meats,  posts,  and  hospitals,  and  of  giving  receipts  or  certificates  there- 
for to  the  persons  furnishing  such  supplies,  shall  be  carried  on  as  far  as 
practicable  at  such  depots;  but  the  Quartermaster-General,  or  the  heads 
of  the  several  divisions  above  mentioned,  may  cause  such  supplies  to 
be  sent  from  the  place  of  purchase  directly  to  the  quartermasters  of 
the  commands  for  whose  use  they  are  procured,  in  any  cases  where  it 
may  be  more  economical  or  advantageous  so  to  do;  and  in  cases  where 
horses,  mules,  clothing,  or  camp  and  garrison  equipage  may  be  so  sent, 
suitable  and  competent  inspectors  shall  be  sent  to  examine  the  same 
before  they  shall  be  issued  and  receipted  for. 

Sec.  4.  That  when  an  emergency  shall  exist  requiring  the  immedi- 
ate procurement  of  supplies  for  the  necessary  movements  and  opera- 
tions of  an  army  or  detachment,  and  when  such  supplies  can  not  be 
procured  from  any  established  depot  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart 
ment,  or  from  the  head  of  the  division  charged  with  the  duty  of  fur- 
nishing such  supplies,  within  the  required  time,  then  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  commanding  officer  of  such  army  or  detachment  to  order  the 
chief  quartermaster  of  such  army  or  detachment  to  procure  such  sup- 
plies during  the  continuance  of  such  emergency,  but  no  longer,  in  the 
most  expeditious  manner,  and  without  advertisement;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  such  quartermaster  to  obey  such  order;  and  his  accounts 
of  the  disbursement  of  moneys  for  such  supplies  shall  be  accompanied 
by  the  order  of  the  commanding  officer  as  aforesaid,  or  a  certified 
copy  of  the  same,  and  also  by  a  statement  of  the  particular  facts  and 
circumstances,  with  their  dates,  constituting  such  emergency. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster-  General,  imme- 
diately after  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  at  least  once  in  every  month 
thereafter,  to  require  from  the  principal  quartermasters  of  the  several 
military  departments  and  depots  approximate  statements  of  the  aggre- 
gate amounts  of  supplies  on  hand,  and  estimates  of  the  additional 
amounts  required  for  the  service  for  the  ensuing  month,  stating  at 
what  places  such  supplies  will  be  required,  and  what  amounts  are 
legally  contracted  for  but  not  yet  delivered.  And  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  heads  of  the  several  divisions  above  mentioned  to  cause  to  be 
made  purchases  or  contracts  for  the  supplies  which  the  Quartermaster- 
General  may  estimate  to  be  necessary  in  accordance  with  law,  and  all 
quartermasters  shall  forthwith  report  to  the  Quartermaster-General, 
to  be  referred  to  the  heads  of  the  several  divisions  above  mentioned, 
all  contracts  not  yet  fulfilled  which  they  may  have  executed  on  behalf 
of  the  United  States,  and  all  proposals  which  they  may  have  received 
in  answer  to  advertisements  for  future  supplies,  and  shall  hereafter 
regularly  report  to  the  Quartermaster-General  copies  of  all  contracts 
made  and  all  proposals  received  for  supplies  of  any  kind  to  be  fur- 
nished. And  if  any  quartermaster  shall  neglect  or  refuse,  for  the 
space  of  one  month,  to  report  to  the  Quartermaster-General  any  such 
contract  or  proposal,  sucn  neglect  or  refusal  shall  be  deemed  prima 
facie  evidence  of  fraud,  and  the  pay  of  such  quartermaster  shall  be 
stopped  until  he  shall  have  made  a  satisfactory  explanation  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  of  such  neglect  or  refusal. 

Sec.  f>.  That  all  inspectors  of  horses,  mules,  clothing,  fuel,  forage, 
lumber,  hired  transports,  and  other  supplies  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  shall  be  sworn  (or  affirmed)  to  perform  their  duties  in  a 
faithful  and  impartial  manner,  and  shall  for  any  corruption,  wilful 
neglect,  or  fraud  in  the  performance  of  their  duties  be  liable  to  pun- 


216      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ishment  by  fine  and  imprisonment,  by  sentence  of  court-martial  or 
military  commission;  and  if  any  contractor  or  person  furnishing  such 
supplies  or  transportation  shall  give  or  offer  to  give  to  any  inspector 
of  such  supplies  or  transportation,  or  to  any  other  person  for  his  use, 
directly  or  indirectly,  any  money  or  other  valuable  consideration,  such 
person  giving  or  offering  to  give  such  money  or  other  valuable  con- 
sideration shall  forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  full  amount  of  his 
contract  or  contracts  with  the  United  States,  and  the  name  and  offence 
of  such  person  shall  be  published  in  general  orders,  and  also  in  one 
newspaper  of  general  circulation  nearest  to  his  place  of  residence. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  provisions  of  the  sixteenth  section  of  the  act 
entitled  "An  act  to  define  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  certain  officers 
of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  seventeen,  eight- 
een hundred  and  sixty -two,  shall  apply  to  all  persons  engaged  in 
executing  the  contracts  therein  referred  to,  whether  as  agents  of  such 
contractors  or  as  claiming  to  be  assignees  thereof,  or  otherwise,  and 
to  all  inspectors  employed  by  the  United  States  for  the  inspection  of 
subsistence,  clothing,  arms,  ammunition,  munitions  of  war,  or  other 
description  of  supplies  for  the  Army  or  Navy  of  the  United  States: 
Provided,  That  any  person  arrested  to  answer  charges  for  a  violation 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  of  the  act  to  which  it  is  in  addition, 
shall  be  admitted  to  bail  for  his  appearance  to  answer  the  charges  made 
against  him  before  any  court-martial  constituted  to  try  him,  in  such 
sums  and  with  such  sureties  as  shall  be  designated  and  approved  by 
the  judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  district  in  which  the  arrest  is 
made  or  the  offence  is  charged  to  have  been  committed,  or  any  com- 
missioner appointed  by  such  court. 

Sec.  8.  That  if  any  contractor  or  person  furnishing  supplies  or 
transportation  shall  give,  or  offer  to  give,  or  cause  to  be  given,  to  any 
officer  or  employee  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  having  charge 
of  the  receipt  or  disposition  of  the  supplies  or  transportation  furnished 
by  him,  or  in  any  way  connected  therewith,  any  money  or  other  valu- 
able consideration,  directly  or  indirectly,  all  contracts  and  charters 
with  such  person  shall,  at  the  option  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  be  null 
and  void;  and  if  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  shall  knowingly  accept  any  such  money  or  other  valuable 
consideration  from  such  person,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  mal- 
feasance, and  shall  be  punished  by  fine  and  imprisonment,  or  both,  as 
a  court-martial  or  military  commission  may  direct. 

Sec.  9.  That  whenever  it  shall  become  necessary  to  purchase  any 
steam  or  sailing  vessel  for  the  use  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department, 
the  same  shall  be  first  inspected  by  one  or  more  competent  naval 
officers  detailed  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  "act  author- 
izing the  detail  of  naval  officers  for  the  service  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment," approved  February  twelve,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two, 
and  all  steam  vessels  shall  be  inspected  by  an  officer  skilled  in  the  con- 
struction and  operation  of  steam  machinery,  in  addition  to  the  other 
usual  inspection  of  such  vessels:  Provided,  That  the  provisions  of  this 
section  shall  not  apply  to  steamboats  or  other  vessels  in  military  serv- 
ice on  the  western  rivers;  but  such  river  steamboats  or  vessels  shall 
be  so  inspected  by  competent  builders,  to  be  designated  for  that 
purpose. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  officers  placed  in  charge  of  the  several  divisions 
provided  for  by  the  first  section  of  this  act  shall,  during  the  time  they 
remain  in  such  charge,  each  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  217 

colonel  in  the  Quartermasters  Department:  Provided,  That  the  Quar- 
termaster-General may,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
from  time  to  time,  and  according  to  the  necessities  of  the  public  service, 
change  the  distribution  of  duties  among  them;  and  all  such  changes 
shall  be  forthwith  published  in  general  orders  of  the  War  Department. 

Sec.  11.  That  during  the  continuance  of  the  present  rebellion  the 
Secretary  of  War  may  assign  to  duty,  as  inspectors  of  the  Quarter- 
master's Department,  six  officers,  to  be  selected  from  the  regular  and 
volunteer  officers  of  that  staff  corps,  who  have  served  not  less  than  one 
year,  who  shall  have,  while  so  assigned  and  acting,  the  temporary 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment; and  also,  when  in  his  judgment  it  is  necessary,  may  assign  to 
each  army  in  the  field,  consisting  of  more  than  one  army  corps,  and  to 
each  military  department,  and  to  each  principal  depot,  not  exceeding 
ten  in  number  at  any  one  time,  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  an 
officer  to  act  as  chief  or  senior  quartermaster  of  said  army,  military 
department,  or  depot,  who  shall  have  while  so  assigned  the  temporary 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment; and  also  to  assign  to  each  division  of  two  or  more  brigades  a 
quartermaster,  as  division  quartermaster,  who,  while  so  assigned  and 
acting,  shall  have  the  temporary  rank-pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department:  Provided,  That  when  any  of  said 
officers  is  relieved  from  such  duty,  his  temporary  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  shall  cease,  and  he  shall  return  to  his  lineal  rank  in  the 
department:  And  provided  further,  That  when  within  the  limits  of 
any  military  department  there  shall  be  not  more  than  one  army  corps, 
then  the  chief  quartermaster  of  the  army  corps  shall  perform  also  the 
duties  of  the  department  quartermaster. 

Sec.  12.  That  at  least  two-thirds  of  all  officers  of  each  grade  or 
assigned  rank  provided  for  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be 
selected  from  among  quartermasters  of  the  volunteer  service. 
*  *  * 

March  3,  1865  (13-507) . — Fuel  may  l>e  issued  to  destitute  refugees  and  freedmen. 

Resolution  of  March  3,  1865  (13  Stats.,  571). 

A  RESOLUTION  to  authorize  and  direct  an  inventory  of  articles  in  the  quarter- 
masters' depots  of  the  United  States  and  in  the  jx>ssession  of  the  naval  storekeepers 
of  the  United  States. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  is  hereby,  directed  to  cause  a 
strict  inspection  to  be  made  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  as 
soon  as  practicable  after  the  passage  of  this  resolution,  and  a  com- 
parison be  made  between  the  reports  of  the  officers  in  charge  of  the 
quartermasters'  depots  at  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati,  Saint 
Louis,  and  Louisville,  and  the  articles  on  hand. 


Act  of  My  13,  1866  (U  Stats.,  90). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 

»  *  * 

Si.c  4.  That  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall  in  all  cases,  in 
obtaining  supplies  for  the  military  service,  state  in  advertisements 
for  bids  for  contracts  that  a  preference  shall  be  given  to  articles  of 


218       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

domestic  production  and  manufacture,  conditions  of  price  and  quality 
being  equal,  and  that  such  preference  shall  be  given  to  articles  of 
American  production  and  manufacture  produced  on  the  Pacific  coast 
to  the  extent  of  the  consumption  required  by  the  public  service  there; 
and  in  advertising  for  army  supplies  the  Quartermaster's  Department 
shall  require  all  articles  which  are  to  be  used  in  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories of  the  Pacific  coast  to  be  delivered  and  inspected  at  points  desig- 
nated in  those  States  and  Territories,  and  the  advertisements  for  such 
supplies  shall  be  published  in  newspapers  of  the  cities  of  San  Francisco, 
in  California,  and  Portland,  in  Oregon. 

*  *  * 

July  14,  1866  {14-864)- — Condemned  clothing  and  surplus  camp  and  garrison 
equipage  may  be  issued  to  families  rendered  homeless  and  destitute  by  recent  fire  in 
Portland,  Me.  Surplus  bedding  and  hospital  furniture  may  be  issued  (same  as 
above) . 

July  16, 1866  (14-178). — Transportation  may  be  furnished  destitute  refugees  and 
freedmen. 

July  28,  1866  (14-310). — This  act  makes  an  appropriation  for  the  establishment  of 
national  cemeteries  and  the  purchase  of  sites  for  the  same. 

Act  of  July  °28, 1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  hereby 
authorized  to  appoint  for  each  national  cemetery  now  established,  or 
that  may  be  established,  a  superintendent,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  an  ordnance  sergeant,  to  be  selected  from  among  the 
noncommissioned  officers  of  the  .Regular  Army  and  volunteer  forces 
who  have  received  certificates  of  merit  for  services  during  the  war. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army  shall 
hereafter  consist  of  one  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general;  six  assistant  quartermasters- 
general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry; 
ten  deputy  quartermasters-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry;  fifteen  quartermasters,  with 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  majors  of  cavalry,  and  forty-four 
assistant  quartermasters,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  cap- 
tains of  cavalry;  and  the  vacancies  hereby  created  in  the  grade  of 
assistant  quartermaster  shall  be  filled  by  selection  from  among  the 
persons  who  have  rendered  meritorious  services  as  assistant  quarter- 
masters of  volunteers  during  two  years  of  the  war;  but  after  the  first 
appointments  made  under  the  provisions  of  this  section,  as  vacancies 
may  occur  in  the  grades  of  major  and  captain  in  this  department,  no 
appointments  to  fill  the  same  shall  be  made  until  the  number  of  majors 
shall  be  reduced  to  twelve  and  the  number  of  captains  to  thirty,  and 
thereafter  the  number  of  officers  in  each  of  said  grades  shall  continue 
to  conform  to  said  reduced  numbers. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  number  of  military  storekeepers  in  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  shall  hereafter  be  as  many  as  shall  be  required, 
not  exceeding  sixteen,  who  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 
of  captains  of  infantry. 

Sec.  15.  That  the  provisions  of  the  act  for  the  better  organization 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  approved  July  fourth,  eighteen 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  '219 

hundred  and  sixty-four,  shall  continue  in  force  until  the  first  day  of 
January,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  and  no  longer. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  quartermaster-general  .  .  .  shall 
hereafter  be  appointed  by  the  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they 
belong,  and  no  person  shall  be  appointed  to  any  vacancy  created  by 
this  act  in  the  .  .  .  quartermaster's  departments  until  he  shall 
have  passed  the  examination  now  required  by  law. 

*  *  * 

July  28,  1866  (14-842). — Transportation  to  be  furnished  to  discharged  soldiers  to 
whom  artificial  limbs  are  furnished  by  the  Government. 

Act  of  February  22,  1867  (U  Stats.,  399). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  and  protect  national  cemeteries. 

That  in  the  arrangements  of  the  national  cemeteries,  established  for 
the  burial  of  deceased  soldiers  and  sailors,  the  Secretary  of  War  is 
hereby  directed  to  have  the  same  enclosed  with  a  good  and  substantial 
stone  or  iron  fence;  and  to  cause  each  grave  to  be  marked  with  a  small 
headstone  or  block,  with  the  number  of  grave  inscribed  thereon,  cor- 
responding with  the  number  opposite  to  the  name  of  the  party,  in  a 
register  of  burials  to  be  kept  at  each  cemetery  and  at  the  office  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,  which  shall  set  forth  the  name,  rank,  com- 
pany, regiment,  and  date  of  death  of  the  officer  or  soldier;  or,  if 
unknown,  it  shall  be  so  recorded. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  2,  1867  (U  Stats.,  422). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  temporary  increase  of  the  pay  of  officers  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  (excepting  the  ordnance  storekeeper  and  paymaster  at 
the  Springfield  Armory,  who  has  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a 
major  of  cavalry)  all  storekeepers  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter  have 
the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  captains  of  cavalry.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  2-2,  1867  (15-1) . — One  complete  suit  of  clothing  to  be  issued  to  each  invalid 
soldier  in  any  of  the  Soldiers'  Homes.  By  the  act  of  January  23,  1873  (17-417),  this 
benefit  was  extended  so  as  to  give  a  suit  of  clothes  or  its  equivalent  in  clothing  to 
each  man  w  ho  has  been  or  was  in  a  national  asylum. 

March  ..'/,  1887  (15-21). — Barracks,  buildings,  etc.,  at  Camp  Chase,  Ohio,  to  be 
turned  over  to  board  of  managers  of  the  national  asylum;  surplus  clothing  and 
"inartermaster  stores  may  be  sold  to  said  board  at  first  prices. 

March  18,  1888  (15-250).— Gratuitous  issues  of  clothing,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  Surj_'eon-<  leneral,  may  be  made  to  soldiers  who  have  had  contagious  diseases  and 
t<.  hospital  attendants  who  have  nursed  them. 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  {15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 

.(une  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  t>\  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments   and   no  promotions     ...     in   the  Quartermaster's 

Department.     .     .     . 


220       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

February  15,  1870  {16-65). — Necessary  supplies  and  condemned  clothing  may  be 
furnished  the  poor  and  destitute  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

July  11,  1870  {16-229). — No  purchase  of  coal  or  wood  to  be  made  except  on  condi- 
tion that  the  same  shall,  before  delivery,  be  inspected,  weighed,  or  measured  by  an 
agent  of  the  bureau  for  which  purchase  is  made. 

July  14,  1870  {16-390). — When  transferred  to  the  General  Government,  the  Gettys- 
burg and  Antietam  cemeteries  to  be  cared  for  and  maintained  as  national  cemeteries. 

Act  of  July  15,  1870  (16  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  Provided,  That  fuel,  quarters,  and  forage  in  kind 

may  be  furnished  to  officers  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  as 
now  allowed  by  law  and  regulations.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

April  20,  1871  {17-5). — Condemned  clothing  and  bedding,  not  exceeding  $5,000  in 
value,  may  be  furnished  to  the  National  Freedmen's  Relief  Association. 

Act  of  May  18,  1872  (17  Stats.,  122). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the 
service  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-two,  and  for  former  years,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter  barracks  and  quarters,  and  all 
buildings  and  structures  whatever  of  a  permanent  nature,  shall  be  con- 
structed upon  special  authority,  to  be  given  by  act  of  Congress,  except 
when  constructed  by  the  troops;  and  no  such  structures  whose  cost 
shall  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars  shall  be  erected  or  continued  in 
erection  unless  by  such  authority  so  specially  granted. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  there  shall  be  no  claim  upon  the  United 
States  for  the  use  of  any  patent  for  the  manner  of  or  material  for  doing 
the  same.     [Preservation  of  clothing  and  camp  equipage.] 


Act  of  May  18,  1872  (17  Stats.,  135). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  and  to  protect  national  ceme- 
teries," approved  February  twenty-second,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty -seven. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  select  the  super- 
intendents of  the  national  cemeteries  from  meritorious  and  trustworthy 
soldiers,  either  commissioned  officers  or  enlisted  men  of  the  Volunteer 
or  Regular.  Army,  who  have  been  honorably  mustered  out  or  dis- 
charged from  the  service  of  the  United  States  and  who  may  have  been 
disabled  for  active  field  service  in  the  line  of  duty. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  superintendents  of  the  national  cemeteries  shall 
receive  for  their  compensation  from  sixty  dollars  to  seventy  -five  dol- 
lars per  month,  according  to  the  extent  and  importance  of  the  ceme- 
teries to  which  they  may  be  respectively  assigned,  to  be  determined 
by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  they  shall  also  be  furnished  with  quar- 
ters and  fuel,  as  now  provided  at  the  several  cemeteries. 


THE    QUARTERMASTER'S    DEPARTMENT.  221 

Act  of  June  3,  1872  (17  Stats.,  214). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  certain  officers  in  the  Quartermaster's 

Department. 

That  the  President  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  to  nominate,  and 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  to  appoint,  certain 
officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to  the  grade  they  would 
have  held  in  said  Department,  respectively,  had  the  vacancies  created 
therein  by  the  act  of  July  twent3^-e:ghth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
six,  from  the  rank  of  major  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  both  inclusive,  been 
filled  b}r  promotion  by  seniority:  Provided,  That  no  officer  shall  be 
deprived  of  his  relative  rank  or  reduced  from  his  present  grade  by 
this  act  and  that  the  officers  whose  appointments  are  herein  authorized 
shall  take  rank  and  receive  pay  only  from  the  date  of  their  confirmation. 

Act  of  June  8,  1872  (17  Stats.,  338). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  supplementary  to  an  act  to  provide  for 
furnishing  artificial  limbs  to  disabled  soldiers,"  approved  June  thirtieth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  transportation  allowed  for  having  artificial  limbs 
fitted  shall  be  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army, 
the  cost  of  which  shall  be  refunded  from  the  appropriations  for  invalid 

pensions. 

*  *  * 

June  8,  1872  {17-345). — Name  of  soldier  and  name  of  State,  when  the  same  are 
known,  to  be  inscribed  on  each  headstone. 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  543). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  when  the  new  uniform  is  distributed  to  the 
troops,  the  clothing  of  the  old  style  no  longer  to  bo  issued,  incapable 
of  alteration,  shall  be  sold  by  the  Secretary  of  War  at  public  auction 
after  due  public  notice  by  advertisement;  and  the  gross  proceeds  of 
such  sales  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury. 


Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  602). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  care  and  preservation  of  the  cemetery  near  the  City  of 
Mexico,  purchased  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  September  twenty -eighth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  authorized  to  provide  out 
of  the  ordinary  annual  appropriations  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
United  States  military  cemeteries,  for  the  proper  care  and  preserva- 
tion and  maintenance  of  the  cemetery  or  burial  ground  near  the  City  of 
Mexico,  in  which  are  interred  the  remains  of  officers  and  soldiers  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  citizens  of  the  United  States,  wfio  fell  in 
battle  or  died  in  and  around  said  city;  and  that  this  cemetery  shall  be 


222       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  affecting  United  States  national 
military  cemeteries  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  so  far  as 
they  may,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President,  be  applicable  thereto. 

April  23,  1874  (18-34) • — Temporary  issue  of  disused  army  clothing  may  be  made 
for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  overflow  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  River.  [By 
the  act  of  May  13, 1874  (18-46)  the  authority  given  was  to  expire  September  1, 1874.] 

May  28,  1874  (18-287). — Obsolete  clothing  to  be  issued  to  destitute  people  on  the 
Tombigbee,  Warrior,  and  Alabama  rivers. 

Act  of  June  16,  187 J^.  (18  Stats.,  70). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  Provided,  That  none  of  the  money  hereby  appropriated 
shall  be  used  in  the  purchase  of  hats,  uniform  caps,  forage  caps, 
uniform  coats,  uniform  jackets,  flannel  sack  coats,  and  unlined  coats, 
which  articles  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall  issue  from  the 
supply  now  on  hand,  known  as  the  old  pattern;  and  none  of  the  arti- 
cles above  enumerated  shall  be  purchased  until  those  now  on  hand  are 

exhausted. 

*  *  * 

February  10,  1875  (18-314)- — Issues  of  disused  army  clothing  may  be  made,  to  pre- 
vent suffering  and  extreme  want,  to  all  persons  on  the  western  frontier  rendered  des- 
titute by  ravages  of  grasshoppers  during  the  summer  last  past.  This  act  to  expire 
September  1,  1875. 

June  18,  1874  (18-83). — Ten  thousand  complete  suits  of  clothing  to  be  reserved 
from  surplus  stock  and  sold  to  National  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteers. 

Act  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  338). 

AN  ACT  in  relation  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  fixing  its  status,  reducing 
its  numbers,  and  regulating  appointments  and  promotions  therein. 

That  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter 
consist  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  a  brigadier-general;  four  assistant  quartermasters-general, 
with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry;  eight  dep- 
uty quartermasters-general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry;  fourteen  quartermasters,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  majors  of  cavalry;  and  thirty  assistant  quar- 
termasters, with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  captains  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  2.  That  no  more  appointments  shall  be  made  in  the  grade  of 
military  storekeepers  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  and  this 
grade  shall  cease  to  exist  as  soon  as  the  same  becomes  vacant  by  death, 
resignation,  or  otherwise  of  the  present  incumbents. 

Sec.  3.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
deprived  of  his  commission  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  this  act. 

Sec.  4.  That  no  officer  shall  be  promoted  or  appointed  in  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department  in  excess  of  the  organization  prescribed  by 
this  act,  and  that  so  much  of  section  six  of  the  act  approved  March 
third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  entitled  "An  act  making  appro- 
priations for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thir- 
tieth, eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes,"  as  applied 
to  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 


THE  QUARTEKMASTER's  DEPARTMENT.  223 

Act  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  452). 

AX  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.'  .  .  Provided,  That  no  part  of  this  sum  shall  be  paid  for  the 
use  of  any  patent  process  for  the  preservation  of  cloth  from  moth  or 

mildew. 

*  *  * 

August  15,  1876  {19-203). — Necessary  transportation  to  have  artificial  limbs  fitted, 
to  be  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster-General. 

January  26,  1877  (19-409). — Two  hundred  blankets  to  be  issued  to  Reform  School 
in  District  of  Columbia. 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2nd  edition— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

A  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1132.  The  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army  shall  con- 
sist of  one  Quartermaster-General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general; 
six  assistant  quartermasters-general,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cav- 
alry; ten  deputy  quartermasters-general,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  cavalry;  twelve  quartermasters,  with  the  rank  of  major  of 
cavalry;  thirty  assistant  quartermasters,  with  the  rank  of  captain  of 
cavalry;  and  such  number  of  military  storekeepers,  not  exceeding 
sixteen,  as  may  be  required,  with  the  rank  of  captain  of  cavalry. 
Nothing  herein  shall  deprive  of  his  office  any  person  now  holding  the 
office  of  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  major.  All  appointments  in 
the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall  be  made  from  the  Army.  '  Dur- 
ing the  absence  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  .  .  .  the  Presi- 
dent is  authorized  to  empower  some  officer  of  the  Department  .  .  . 
to  perform  the  duties  of  Quartermaster-General,  .  .  .  during 
such  absence. 

Sec.  1133.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department,  under.the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  purchase 
ana  distribute  to  the  Army  all  military  stores  and  supplies,  and  to 
provide  for  and  pay  all  incidental  expenses  of  the  military  service 
which  other  corps  are  not  directed  to  provide  for  and  pay. 

Sec.  1134.  Assistant  quartermasters  shall  do  duty  as  assistant  com- 
missaries of  subsistence  when  so  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1135.  The  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall 
upon  the  requisition  of  the  naval  or  marine  officer  commanding  any 
detachment  of  seamen  or  marines  under  orders  to  act  on  shore,  in 
cooperation  with  land  troops,  and  during  the  time  such  detachment  is 
so  acting  or  proceeding  to  act,  furnish  the  officers  and  seamen  with 
camp  equipage,  together  with  transportation  for  said  officers,  seamen, 
and  marines,  their  baggage,  provisions,  and  cannon,  and  shall  furnish 
the  naval  officer  commanding  any  such  detachment,  and  his  necessary 
aids,  with  horses,  acoouterraents,  and  forage. 

Sec.  1136.  Permanent  barracks  or  quarters  shall  not  be  constructed 


224       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

unless  detailed  estimates  shall  have  been  previously  submitted  to  Con- 
gress and  approved  by  a  special  appropriation  for  the  same,  except 
when  constructed  by  the  troops;  and  no  such  structures,  the  cost  of 
which  shall  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars,  shall  be  erected  unless  by 
special  authority  of  Congress.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  officers  of  the 
United  States  having  any  of  the  title  papers  (property  purchased  or 
about  to  be  purchased  for  erection  of  public  buildings)  in  their  posses- 
sion to  furnish  them  forthwith  to  the  Attorney-General.  No  public 
money  shall  be  expended  until  the  written  opinion  of  the  Attorney- 
General  shall  be  had. 

Sec.  1137.  The  Quartermaster-General  may  employ  as  many  forage 
masters  and  wagon  masters,  not  exceeding  twenty  in  the  whole,  as  he 
may  deem  necessary  for  the  service,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
each  fifty  dollars  per  month  and  three  rations  per  day  and  forage  for 
one  horse.  No  forage  master  or  wagon  master  shall  be  concerned, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  any  means  of  transport  employed  by  the 
United  States,  or  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any  property  procured  for 
or  belonging  to  the  United  States,  except  as  agent  for  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  1138.  No  officer  belonging  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department, 
or  doing  the  duty  of  a  quartermaster  or  assistant  quartermaster,  shall 
be  concerned,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any  arti- 
cle intended  for  or  appertaining  to  said  department  of  service,  except 
on  account  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  such  officer  take  or 
apply  to  his  own  use  any  gain  or  emolument  for  negotiating  or  trans- 
acting any  business  connected  with  the  duties  of  his  office  other  than 
that  which  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

Sec.  1139.  The  Quartermaster-General,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  shall  prescribe  and  enforce  a  system  of  accounta- 
bility for  all  quartermaster's  supplies  to  the  Army  or  to  officers,  sea- 
men, and  marines.  And  he  shall  account  to  the  Secretary  of  War  at 
least  once  in  three  months  for  all  property  and  money  that  may  pass 
through  his  hands  or  the  hands  of  his  subordinate  officers. 

#  #     .  # 

Sec.  1191.  All  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  .  .  .  depart- 
ments, .  .  .  and  all  storekeepers  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the 
United  States,  in  such  sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct,  faith- 
fully to  account  for  all  public  moneys  and  property  which  they  may 
receive.  The  President  may  at  any  time  increase  the  sum  so  pre- 
scribed. But  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  not  be  liable  for  any 
money  or  property  that  may  come  into  the  hands  of  the  subordinate 
officers  of  nis  department.  •     .'. 

*  *  .  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Quartermaster-General,  .  .  .  shall  be 
appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster's 
.     .     .     departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1221.  Every  officer  who  receives  clothing  or  camp  equipage  for 
the  use  of  his  command  or  for  issue  to  the  troops  shall  render  to  the 
Quartermaster-General  at  the  expiration  of  each  regular  quarter  of 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  225 

the  year  quarterly  returns  of  such  supplies,  according  to  the  forms 
which  may  be  prescribed,  accompanied  by  the  requisite  vouchers  for 
any  issues  which  shall  have  been  made.  Said  returns  and  vouchers, 
after  due  examination  by  the  Quartermaster-General,  shall  be  trans- 
mitted for  settlement  to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the  Treasury 

Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  be 
made  by  officers  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1296.  The  President  may  prescribe  the  uniform  of  the  Army 
and  quality  and  kind  of  clothing  which  shall  be  issued  annually  to  the 
troops  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  1297.  No  allowance  of  clothing  shall  be  made  to  sergeants  of 
ordnance. 

Sec.  1298.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  .  .  .  order  gratuitous 
issues  of  clothing  to  soldiers  who  have  had  contagious  diseases,  and  to 
hospital  attendants  who  have  nursed  them,  to  replace  any  articles  of 
their  clothing  destroyed  by  order.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1437.  Authorizes  the  President  to  detail,  temporarily,  three 
competent  naval  officers  for  the  service  of  the  War  Department  in  the 
inspection  of  transport  vessels,  etc. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1647.  .  .  .  Each  brigade  [of  militia  called  into  service] 
.     .     .     shall  have     .     .     .     one  assistant  quartermaster,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for  the 
military  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the 
chief  officers  of  the  Departments  of  War,  .  .  .  And  all  agents  or 
contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render  their 
accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  Department  for 
which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject,  nevertheless,  to 
the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the  Treasury,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3716.  The  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army,  in  obtain- 
ing supplies  for  the  military  service,  shall  state  in  all  advertisements 
for  bids  for  contracts  that  a  preference  shall  be  given  to  articles  of 
American  production  and  manufacture  produced  on  the  Pacific  coast 
to  the  extent  of  the  consumption  required  by  the  public  service  there. 
In  advertising  for  army  supplies  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall 
require  all  articles  which  are  to  be  used  in  the  States  and  Territories  of 
the  Pacific  coast  to  be  delivered  and  inspected  at  points  designated  in 
those  States  and  Territories;  and  the  advertisements  for  such  supplies 
shall  be  published  in  newspapers  of  the  cities  of  San  Francisco,  in 
California,  and  Portland,  in  Oregon. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3732.  No  contract  or  purchase  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made  unless  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  is  under  an 

S.  Doc.  229 15 


226       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  . 
Departments,  for  clothing,  .  .  .  forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  trans- 
portation, which,  however,  shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  cur- 
rent year. 

*  *  *      • 

Sec.  4791.  The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  and  directed  to  fur- 
nish [to  men  entitled  to  artificial  limbs]  transportation  to  and  from  their 
homes  and  the  place  where  they  may  be  required  to  go  to  obtain  arti- 
ficial limbs  provided  for  them  under  authority  of  law.  The  transpor- 
tation allowed  for  having  artificial  limbs  fitted  shall  be  furnished  by 
the  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army,  the  cost  of  which  shall  be 
refunded  from  the  appropriations  for  invalid  pensions. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4874.  The  superintendent  of  the  national  cemeteries  shall  be 
selected  from  meritorious  and  trustworthy  soldiers,  either  commis- 
sioned officers  or  enlisted  men  of  the  Volunteer  or  Regular  Army,  who 
have  been  honorably  mustered  out  or  discharged  from  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  and  who  may  have  been  disabled  for  active  field 
service  in  the  line  of  duty. 

Sec.  4875.  The  superintendent  of  the  national  cemeteries  shall 
receive  for  their  compensation  from  sixty  dollars  to  seventy-five  dol- 
lars a  month  each,  according  to  the  extent  and  importance  of  the  ceme- 
teries to  which  they  may  be  respectively  assigned,  to  be  determined 
by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  they  shall  also  be  furnished  with  quar- 
ters and  fuel  at  the  several  cemeteries. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4877.  In  the  arrangement  of  the  national  cemeteries  established 
for  the  burial  of  deceased  soldiers  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  War  is 
hereby  directed  to  have  the  same  inclosed  with  a  good  and  substantial 
stone  or  iron  fence;  and  to  cause  each  grave  to  be  marked  with  a  small 
headstone  or  block,  which  shall  be  of  durable  stone  and  of  such  design 
and  weight  as  shall  keep  it  in  place  when  set,  and  shall  bear  the  name 
of  the  soldier  and  the  name  of  his  State  inscribed  thereon,  when  the 
same  are  known,  and  also  with  the  number  of  the  grave  inscribed 
thereon,  corresponding  with  the  number  opposite  to  the  name  of  the 
party  in  a  register  of  burials  to  be  kept  at  each  cemetery  and  at  the 
office  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  wnich  shall  set  forth  the  name, 
rank,  company,  regiment,  and  date  of  death  of  the  officer  or  soldier; 
or  if  these  are  unknown,  it  shall  be  so  recorded. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4879.  The  President  is  authorized  to  provide,  out  of  the  ordi- 
nary annual  appropriations  for  establishing  and  maintaining  United 
States  military  cemeteries,  for  the  proper  care  and  preservation  and 
maintenance  of  the  cemetery  or  burial  ground  near  the  City  of  Mexico 
in  which  are  interred  the  remains  of  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  United 
States  who  fell  in  battle  or  died  in  and  around  said  city. 

Sec.  4880.  The  cemetery  in  Mexico  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and 
regulations  affecting  United  States  national  military  cemeteries  within 
the  limits  of  the  United  States,  so  far  as  they  may,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  President,  be  applicable  thereto. 


THE    QUAETERM ASTER'S    DEPARTMENT.  227 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Februarys,  1879  {20-281). — Authorizes  erection  of  headstones  over  the  graves  of 
soldiers  buried  in  private,  village,  or  city  cemeteries  in  same  manner  as  provided  for 
soldiers  interred  in  national  cemeteries. 

Act  of  March  3,  1881  (21  Stats.,  pS). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-two,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

For  the  purchase  of  a  suitable  site  in  the  city  of  Washington  for  the 
erection  of  a  brick  and  metal  fireproof  building  to  bo  used  and  occu- 
pied by  the  Pension  Bureau,  the  building  to  be  erected  in  accordance 
with  plans  approved  bjr  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Quartermaster-General  of 
the  United  States  Army,1  the  site  for  which  shall  be  selected  by  him, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretaries  aforesaid,  both  as  to  location 
and  price,     .     .     . 

[All  the  old  clothing  now  held  for  issue  to  the  National  Home  to  be 
turned  over  to  the  managers  of  the  Home.] 

*  *  * 

March  11,  1882  {22-378). — Provides  for  transportation  of  rations,  etc.,  to  sufferers 
from  overflow  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Hospital  tents  may  be  used  to  furnish  them 
temporary  shelter. 

Act  of  June  30,  1882  (22  Stats.,  117). 

A  N  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Provided,  That  there  shall  be  no  discrimination  in  the  issue  of  forage 
against  officers  serving  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  provided  they  are 
required  by  law  to  be  mounted  and  actually  keep  and  own  their 
animals. 


Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  466). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for  other  purposes. 


I'ATf   DEPARTMENT. 

For  pay  of  tfte  Army, —  .  .  .  :  Provided,  .  .  .  ,  and  hero- 
after  vacancies  occurring  in  the  Quartermasters'  .  .  .  depart- 
ments of  the  Army  may  in  the  discretion  of  the  President  be  filled 
from  civil  life. 


'The  act  of  August  7,  1882  (22-302)  reappropriated  the  sum  appropriated  in  this 
act,  and  placed  the  construction  <>f  the  building  under  the  supervision  of  Gen.  Mont- 
gomery C.  Meigs,  late  Quartermaster-General,  retired. 


228       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  {22  Stats.,  564). 

AN  ACT  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home,  located  at  Washington,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
shall  hereafter  consist  of  the    .     .     .    Quartermaster-General,    .     .    . 

*  *  * 

February  12, 1884  (23-267) . — Clothing  and  other  necessaries  maybe  issued  to  desti- 
tute persons  in  the  district  overflowed  by  the  Ohio  River  and  its  tributaries,  and  tents 
used  to  furnish  them  temporary  shelter.  Additional  appropriation  for  this  purpose 
was  made  by  resolution  of  February  15,  1884  (23-268). 

March  27, 1884  (23-269).— Not  exceeding  $125,000  of  the  appropriation  for  the  Ohio 
sufferers  may  be  used  for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in  the  district  overflowed  by 
the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries.  Resolution  of  June  7,  1884  (23-273)  allows, 
the  same  purpose,  the  unexpended  appropriation  for  the  relief  of  the  Ohio  sufferers. 

Act  of  July  5,  1884  (23  Stats.,  107). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 


QUARTERMASTER  8  DEPARTMENT. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter  all  purchases  of  regular  and  mis- 
cellaneous supplies  for  the  Army  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  .  .  .  for  immediate  use  shall  be  made  by  the  officers 
of  such  Department,  under  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  at  the 
places  nearest  the  points  where  they  are  needed,  the  conditions  of  cost 
and  quality  being  equal:  Provided  also,  That  all  purchases  of  said 
supplies,  except  in  cases  of  emergency,  which  must  be  at  once  reported 
to  the  Secretary  of  War  for  his  approval,  shall  be  made  by  contract 
after  public  notice  of  not  less  than  ten  days  for  small  amounts  for 
immediate  use,  and  of  not  less  than  from  thirty  to  sixty  da}rs  when- 
ever, in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  circumstances  of  the 
case  and  conditions  of  the  service  shall  warrant  such  extension  of  time. 
The  award  in  every  case  shall  be  made  to  the  lowest  responsible  bidder 
for  the  best  and  most  suitable  article,  the  right  being  reserved  to 
reject  any  and  all  bids.  The  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  shall 
report  promptly  all  purchases  of  supplies  made  by  his  Department, 
with  their  cost  price  and  place  of  delivery,  to  the  Secretary  of  War 
for  transmission  to  Congress  annually:  Provided  further,  That  in  time 
of  peace  the  number  of  draught  and  pack  animals  in  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department  of  the  Army  shall  not  exceed  six  thousand,  and  that 
all  transportation  of  stores  by  private  parties  for  the  Army  shall  be 
done  by  contract,  after  due  legal  advertisement,  except  in  cases  of 
emergency,  which  must  be  at  once  reported  to  the  Secretary  of  War 
for  his  approval;  that  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  appoint, 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  as  many  post 
quartermaster-sergeants,  not  to  exceed  eighty,  as  he  may  deem  neces- 
sary for  the  interests  of  the  service,  said  sergeants  to  be  selected  by 
examination  from  the  most  competent  enlisted  men  of  the  Army 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  229 

who  have  served  at  least  four  years,  and  whose  character  and  educa- 
tion shall  tit  them  to  take  charge  of  public  property  and  to  act  as 
clerks  and  assistants  to  post  and  other  quartermasters.  Said  post 
quartermaster-sergeants  shall,  so  far  as  practicable,  perform  the  duties 
of  storekeepers  and  clerks,  in  lieu  of  citizen  employees.  The  post 
quartermaster-sergeants  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles  of 
war  and  shall  receive  for  their  services  the  same  pay  and  allowances 
as  ordnance  sergeants. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  the  number  of  horses  purchased  under  this 
appropriation,  added  to  the  number  actually  on  hand,  shall  not  at  any 
time  exceed  the  number  of  enlisted  and  Indian  scouts  in  the  mounted 
service:  And  provided  further,  That  hereafter  all  purchases  of 
horses  under  appropriations  for  horses  for  the  cavalry  and  artillery 
and  for  the  Indian  scouts  shall  be  made  by  contract,  after  legal  adver- 
tisement, by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  under  instructions  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  the  horses  to  be  inspected  under  the  orders  of 
the  General  Commanding  the  Army,  and  no  horse  shall  be  received  and 
paid  for  until  duly  inspected.  The  Quartermaster-General  shall  report 
to  the  Secretary  of  War  promptly,  for  transmission  to  Congress  annually, 
all  purchases  and  contracts  for  horses,  mules,  and  military  supplies  for 
the  Army  made  by  his  Department. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  no  expenditure  exceeding  five  hundred 
dollars  shall  be  made  upon  any  building  or  military  post  without  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the  same  upon  detailed  estimates 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  and  the  erection,  construction,  and 
repairs  of  all  buildings  and  other  public  structures  in  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  shall,  so  far  as  may  be  practicable,  be  made  by 
contract,  after  due  legal  advertisement.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

June  30,  1886  (24-93). — No  part  of  appropriation  for  barracks  and  quarters  shall  be 
paid  for  commutation  of  fuel,  and  for  quarters  to  officers  or  enlisted  men. 

February  9,  1887  (24-394)  ■ — No  expenditures  exceeding  $500  to  be  made  on  any 
building,  etc.,  without  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

June  20,  1888  (25-623). — Tents  and  tent  equipage  may  be  loaned  to  veteran  organi- 
zations of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary 
of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.     [J.  R. ,  June  30,  1888  (25-625) ,  changes  ' '  tent  equipage 
in  above  to  "camp  equipage."] 

Act  of  September  22, 1888  (25  Stats.,  481). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing Jane  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  hereafter  no  part  of  this  appropriation  shall 
be  expended  in  the  purchase  for  the  Army  of  draught  animals  until 
the  number  on  hand  shall  be  reduced  to  five  thousand,     .     .     . 
*  *  * 

.  .  .  but  the  cost  of  construction  of  quarters  at  any  one  post  shall 
in  do  case  exceed  eight  hundred  dollars,  except  where  a  post  is  situated 
at  a  city  of  more  than  fifty  thousand  inhabitants,  the  cost  of  construc- 
tion of  such  quarters  may  be  not  to  exceed  twelve  hundred  dollars. 

*  * 

March  31, 1890  (26-88). — Authorizes  purchase  of  2,500  tents  for  the  use  of  the  peo- 
1>I<-  in  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  and  Mississippi  driven  from  their  homes  by  floods. 


230       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

June  13,  1890  (26-163) . — The  artillery  detachment  at  West  Point  to  be  mustered  out 
and  the  men  immediately  reenlisted  as  army  service  men  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department. 

February  24,  1891  (26-770). — Transportation  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  to  officers  traveling  without  troops  shall  be  limited  to  transportation  in 
kind,  not  including  sleeping  or  parlor  car  accommodations,  over  free  roads,  over 
bond-aided  Pacific  railroads,  and  by  conveyance  belonging  to  that  Department. 

July  16,  1892  (27-174)- — Sergeants  of  ordnance  to  receive  the  same  allowance  of 
clothing  as  other  sergeants  in  like  staff  departments. 

July  27,  1892  (27-276)  .—Specimens  of  equipments,  uniforms,  etc.,  used  in  battle  of 
Gettysburg  to  be  delivered  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association. 

Post  exchanges  may  use  public  buildings  or-public  transportation  when,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  not  required  for  other  purposes. 

Act  of  March  29,  189 b  (28  Stats.,  4-7). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  making  of  property  returns  by  officers  of  the  Government. 

That  instead  of  forwarding  to  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury 
Department  returns  of  public  property  intrusted  to  the  possession  of 
officers  or  agents,  the  Quartermaster-General  .  .  .  shall  certify 
to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the  Treasury  Department,  for  debit- 
ing on  the  proper  account,  any  charge  against  any  officer  or  agent 
intrusted  with  public  property,  arising  from  any  loss,  accruing  by  his 
fault,  to  the  Government  as  to  the  property  intrusted  to  him. 
&  &  ■& 

July  26, 1894  (28-151). — Number  of  men  in  the  detachment  of  army  service  men  at 
the  Military  Academy  may  be  raised  to  150  if  deemed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  be 
required. 

Act  of  August  6,  189 %  (28  Stats.,  233). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 


FOR   PAY   OF   THE    GENERAL   STAFF. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  .  .  .  hereafter  all  appointments  to  fill 
vacancies  in  the  lowest  grade  in  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster's  .  .  . 
Department,  respectively,  shall  be  made  from  the  next  lowest  grade  in 
the  line  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided  further,  .  .  .  That  purchases  may  be  made 
in  open  market  in  the  manner  common  among  business  men  when  the 
aggregate  amount  required  does  not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  but 
every  such  purchase  shall  be  immediately  reported  to  the  Secretary  of 

War. 

*  *  * 

January  16,  1895  (28-627). — Strength  of  detachment  of  army  service  men  at  the 
Military  Academy,  together  with  the  cavalry  detachment,  not  to  exceed  215  men. 

March  2, 1895  (28-764) . — Abolishes  section  229,  Revised  Statutues,  requiring  annual 
statement  of  contracts  for  supplies  or  service. 

March  24,  1897  (30-216) . — Authorizes  purchase  of  1,000  tents  for  the  relief  of  suf- 
ferers from  the  flood  in  the  Mississippi  River. 

May  27,  1897  (30-220). — Authorizes  purchase  of  clothing  for  the  relief  of  destitute 
citizens  of  the  United  States  in  Cuba. 

July  19,  1897  (80-224). — One  thousand  tents  to  be  issued  for  use  of  Grand  Army 
encampment  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  231 

December  18,  1897  {30-226). — Transportation  to  be  furnished  for  stores,  etc.,  for  the 
relief  of  persons  in  the  Yukon  River  Country. 

March  19, 1898  {30-737) . — Tents  may  be  loaned  for  use  of  the  thirty-second  national 
encampment  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  at  Cincinnati. 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stat,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall 
consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  quartermaster,  .  .  .  who  shall  have 
.  .  .  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  com- 
mander of  a  division  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  quartermas- 
ter, .  .  .  who  shall  have  .  .  .  the  rank  of  major.  .  .  . 
The  staff  of  the  commander  of  a  brigade  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  one 
assistant  quartermaster,     .     .     .     with  the  rank  of  captain.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

May  18,  1898  {30-417). — Prescribes  mode  of  issuing  quartermaster  stores  for  desti- 
tute inhabitants  of  Cuba. 

June  7,  1898  {30-433). — Suspends,  during  existing  war,  certain  provisions  of  law 
limiting  number  of  horses  and  draft  animals,  etc.  The  act  of  March  3,1899(30-1350), 
limits  suspension  to  March  1,  1900.  Suspension  continued  to  June  30,  1901,  by  act 
of  February  24,  1900.     (31 .) 

Act  of  July  1, 1898  (30  Stat.,  571). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  appointment  of  a  military  storekeeper  in  the  Army. 

That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  nominate  and,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  appoint  a  military  store- 
keeper in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army;  and  all  laws 
inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby  suspended  for  the  purpose  of  this  act 
only. 

Act  of  July  7,  1898  (30  Stats.,  714). 
AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  during  the  existing  war  and  for  a  period  not  exceeding  one 
year  thereafter  the  Secretary  of  War  may  make  such  distribution  of 
the  duties  and  labors  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  as  may  be 
deemed  for  the  best  interests  of  the  service,  and  may  assign  a  suitable 
officer  in  charge  of  each  of  such  divisions,  and  may  assign  to  duty  as 
special  inspectors  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  not  exceeding 
four  officers  to  be  selected  from  the  regular  and  volunteer  officers  of 
the  department;  and  such  officers  and  the  quartermaster  on  the  staff 
of  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Army  while  so  acting  shall  have 
the  rank  next  above  that  held  by  them  and  not  above  colonel. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  may  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  may  appoint  two  quartermasters  of  volun- 
teers with  the  rank  of  colonel,  two  quartermasters  of  volunteers  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  three  quartermasters  of  volunteers  with 
the  rank  of  major,  and  twenty  assistant  quartermasters  of  volunteers 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  the  Secretary  of  War  may  assign  an  offi- 
cer of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  in  charge  of  each  principal 


232       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

depot  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  not  exceeding  twelve,  to  be 
selected  from  the  regular  and  volunteer  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department;  and  such  officers  while  so  acting  shall  have  the  rank  next 
above  that  held  by  them  and  not  above  colonel,  and  the  four  principal 
assistants  of  the  Quartermaster-General  while  so  acting  shall  have  the 
rank  of  colonel.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  assign  such  of  the  said 
volunteer  quartermasters  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  to  duty  in  the 
office  of  the  Quartermaster-General  at  the  various  supply  depots  or 
on  other  important  and  special  work,  and  may  continue  such  assign- 
ments for  a  period  not  exceeding  one  year  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
then  to  be  discharged. 

Act  of  July  8,  1898  (30  Stats.,  728). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  number  of  post  quartermaster-sergeants  in  the  United  States 

Army. 

That  the  number  of  post  quartermaster-sergeants  of  the  Army  be 
increased  by  the  addition  of  twenty-five  post  quartermaster-sergeants, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  in  the  manner  now  provided 
by  law. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of  ...  a  Quartermaster's 
Department,  :  Provided,  That  when  a  vacancy  shall  occur 

through  death,  retirement,  or  other  separation  from  active  service,  in 
the  office  of  storekeeper  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  .    .     , 

respectively,  now  provided  for  b}T  law,  said  offices  shall  cease  to  exist. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster's  Department  .  .  .  shall 
consist  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  now  provided  bjr  law:     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  so  much  of  the  act  approved  July  seventh,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety -eight,  as  authorizes  the  assignment  of  certain  offi- 
cers of  the  Quartermaster's  .  .  .  departments  with  increased  rank, 
and  the  continuance  in  service  of  certain  volunteer  officers  of  those 
departments  for  a  period  of  one  year  after  the  close  of  the  present  war, 

is  repealed. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  or  to  appoint  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Thirty  quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  forty  assistant 
quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  captain. 

*  *  * 

March  SO,  1900  (31 ). — Provision  of  section  355,  Revised  Statutes,  waived  so  far 

as  refer  to  erection  of  buildings  at  Fort  Du  Pont,  Del.,  for  the  shelter  of  troops. 

March  3,  1899  (30-1350). — Suspends  until  March  1, 1900,  provisions  of  law  limiting 
number  of  horses  and  draft  animals;  amount  of  printing;  services  of  employees. 
Suspension  extended  to  June  30,  1901,  by  act  of  February  24,  1900.     (31 .) 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  233 

Act  of  February  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States.  . 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  ...  a  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment: .  .  .  Provided,  That  when  a  vacancy  shall  occur  through 
death,  retirement,  or  other  separation  from  active  service  in  the  office 
of  storekeeper,  now  provided  for  by  law  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department    .     .     .     said  office  shall  cease  to  exist. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  Quartermaster's  Department  shall  consist  of  one 
Quartermaster-General  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  six  assist- 
ant quartermasters-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  nine  deputy 
quartermasters-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  twenty 
quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  major,  sixty  quartermasters  with  the 
rank  of  captain,  mounted;  the  military  storekeeper  now  provided  for 
by  law,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  post  quartermaster-sergeants:  Pro- 
vided, That  all  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  major  created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall  be  filled*  by  promo- 
tion according  to  seniority,  as  now  prescribed  by  law.  That  to  fill 
original  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  captain  created  by  this  act  in  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  the  President  is  authorized  to  appoint 
officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment since  April  twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight: 
Provided  further,  That  the  President  is  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  during  the  present  emergency,  for  duty  in  the  Philippine 
Islands  and  on  transports,  twenty -four  captains  and  assistant  quarter- 
masters of  volunteers.  This  authority  shall  extend  only  for  the  period 
when  their  services  shall  be  absolutely  necessary. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  the  grade  of  veterinarian  of  the  second  class  in  cav- 
alry regiments,  United  States  Army,  is  hereby  abolished,  and  here- 
after the  two  veterinarians  authorized  for  each  cavalry  regiment  and 
the  one  veterinarian  authorized  for  each  artillery  regiment  shall  receive 
the  pay  and  allowances  of  second  lieutenants,  mounted.  Such  number 
of  veterinarians  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  authorize  shall  be  em- 

Sloyed  to  attend  animals  pertaining  to  the  quartermaster's  or  other 
epartments  not  directly  connected  with  the  cavalry  and  artillery  regi- 
ments, at  a  compensation  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  per  month. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  perma- 
nent appointments  in  the  .  .  .  Quartermaster's  Department,  .  .  . 
including  those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  cap- 
tain and  first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seven- 
teen, twenty -one,  and  twenty-four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted 
according  to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law, 
and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  vacancies 
which  can  be  filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which 
the  officers  so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any 
vacancy,  except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall 
occur  which  can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section, 
it  shall  be  filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more  per- 


234       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

manent  appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps 
after  the  original  vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled. 
Such  details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies  exist, 
under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  may  from  time  to 
time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 
for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  bold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


Act  of  March  2,  1901  (31  Stats., ). 

■Impropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for 
ing  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 


AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
id  t 


Provided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  ...  in 
the  grade  of  captain  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  .  .  .  may 
be  made  from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April  twenty- 
first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -eight.     .     .     . 


VI— THE  SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 


235 


THE  SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 


The  earliest  legislation  relative  to  the  subsistence  of  the  Army  is 
found  in  the  resolution  of  the  Continental  Congress  dated  June  16, 
1775,  creating  the  office  of  Commissary-General  of  Stores  and  Provi- 
sions. The  range  of  duties  of  that  office  was  so  extensive  that  much 
dissatisfaction  prevailed  with  respect  to  the  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  the  department,  and  Congress,  June  10,  1777,  instituted  a 
new  system,  creating  two  great  branches — one  under  a  Commissary - 
GeneraJ  of  Purchases  and  the  other  under  a  Commissary-General  of 
Issues,  the  former,  by  resolution  of  June  11,  "to  keep  his  office  in 
the  place  where  Congress  shall  sit."  The  ordinance  of  June  17,  1777, 
regulating  the  Clothing  Department,  placed  it  in  charge  of  a  Clothier- 
General,  and,  April  10,  1782,  this  officer  was  directed  to  receive  his 
instructions  from  the  War  Office.  November  25,  1779,  the  two 
departments  of  purchase  and  issues,  heretofore  acting  under  the 
direction  and  control  of  a  committee  of  Congress,  were  placed  under 
tlif  superintendence  of  the  Board  of  War. 

July  10,  1781,  Congress  directed  the  Superintendent  of  Finance  to 
procure  on  contract  all  necessary  supplies  for  the  Army,  and  under 
this  resolution  the  commissariat  system  of  subsisting  the  Army  was 
discontinued  and  the  methods  of  contracts  for  rations  adopted  in  its 
stead. 

There  was  no  further  legislation  on  the  subject  of  subsistence  of  the 
Army  until  after  the  reorganization  of  the  Government  under  the 
Constitution. 

The  act  of  March  8, 1792,  again  devolved  upon  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment the  duty  of  making  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplying  the 
Army  with  provisions,  etc.,  and  by  the  act  of  February  23,  1795,  the 
Treasury  official  charged  with  that  duty  was  denominated  "purveyor 
of  public  supplies."  This  act  was  repealed  by  the  law  of  July  16, 
1798,  which  required  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  to  be 
made  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

The  act  of  March  16,  1802,  provided  for  three  militarj'  agents  and 
assistants,  whose  duty  was  to  purchase,  receive,  and  forward  to  their 
proper  destination  all  military  supplies.  But  the  military  agency  sys- 
tem proved  to  be  unsatisfactory  and  was  abolished  by  the  act  of  March 
28, 1812,  which  created  anew  the  office  of  Commissary-General  of  Pur- 
chases. This  office  was  abolished  by  act  of  August  23,  1842,  and  its 
duties  transferred  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

The  act  of  April  14,  1818,  first  created  the  office  of  Commissary- 
General,  the  incumbent  to  be  appointed  as  soon  as  the  state  of  exist- 
ing contracts  for  the  subsistence  of  the  Army  would  permit.  The 
new  system  did  not,  however,  go  into  operation  until  June  1,  1819. 

237 


238      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.  ARMY. 

Commissary-General  of  Stores  and  Provisions. 
July  19,  1775.— Joseph  Trumbull. 

Commissary-General  of  Pur  climes. 

June  18,  1777.— Joseph  Trumbull. 
Aug.    5,  1777. — William  Buchanan. 
Apr.    9,  1778.— Jeremiah  Wadsworth. 
Dec.     2,  1779. — Ephraim  Blaine. 

Commissary-General  of  Issues. 

June  18,  1777. — Charles  Stewart. 

Clothier-  General. 

Apr.    4,  1777. — James  Mease. 
June  24,  1779.— Peter  Wikoff. 
July  15,  1779. — Persifor  Frazer. 
July  24,  1779.— James  Wilkinson. 
Apr.  17,  1781.— John  Moylan. 

Commissary  oj  Hides. 

June  20,  1777.— Peter  Philips. 

Aug.    5,  1777. — George  Ewing. 

Jan.  28,  1779.— John  Mehelm  (for  New  Jersey). 

Commissary  of  Purchases. 

Aug.    8,  1812. — Callender  Irvine. 
Oct.    11,  1841.— J.  W.  Tyson. 

Commissary-  General. 

Apr.  18,  1818.— Col.  (Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.,  May  30,  1848)  George  Gibson  (Pennsylvania). 
Sept.  29,  1861.— Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  Feb.  9,  1863)  Joseph  P.  Taylor  (Kentucky). 
June  29,  1864.— Brig.  Gen.  (Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.,  Mar.  13,  1865)  Amos  B.  Eaton  (New 

Hampshire). 
June  23,  1874.— Brig.  Gen.  (Bvt,  Maj.  Gen.,  Mar.  13,  1865)  Alexander  E.  Shiras 

(New  Jersey).  • 
Apr.  14,  1875. — Brig.  Gen.  Robert  Macfeely  (Pennsylvania). 
July  10,  1890. — Brig.  Gen.  Beekman  du  Barry  (District  of  Columbia). 
Dec.  22,  1892.— Brig.  Gen.  John  P.  Hawkins  (Indiana). 
Oct.     8,  1894. — Brig.  Gen.  Michael  R.  Morgan  (Louisiana) . 
Jan.  17,  1897.— Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  C.  Sullivan  (Ohio). 
Nov.  14,  1897.— Brig.  Gen.  William  H.  Bell  (Pennsylvania). 
Jan.  28,  1898.— Brig.  Gen.  Samuel  T.  Cushing  (Rhode  Island). 
Apr.  21,  1898.— Brig.  Gen.  William  H.  Nash  (Ohio). 
May    3,  1898. — Brig.  Gen.  Charles  P.  Eagan  (Washington  Territory). 
Dec.    6,  1900.— Brig.  Gen.  John  F.  Weston  (Kentucky). 


THE  SUBSISTENCE   DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

June  1,  1775. 

Upon  motion,  Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  government 
of  Connecticut,  or  the  general  of  the  forces  of  that  colony,  to  appoint 
commissaries  to  receive  at  Albany  and  forward  the  supplies  of  provi- 
sions for  the  forces  on  Lake  Champlain  from  the  provincial  conven- 
tion of  New  York,  and  that  the  said  convention  use  their  utmost 
endeavors  in  facilitating  and  aiding  the  transportation  thereof  from 
thence  to  where  the  said  commissaries  may  direct. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  there  be  one  Commissary-General  of 
Stores  and  Provisions. 

That  his  pay  be  eighty  dollars  per  month. 

July  17,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  commissary  of  stores  and  provisions  be  appointed 
for  the  New  York  department  during  the  present  campaign. 
Walter  Livingston,  esq.,  chosen  to  that  office. 

July  19, 1775. 

lu  solved.  That  Joseph  Trumbull  be  Commissary-General  of  Stores 
and  Provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies. 

July  29, 1775. 

/i'rsoltvd,  That  the  pay  of  the     .     .     .     be     .     .     . 
Deputy  commissary-general  of  stores  and  provisions,  sixty  dollars 
per  ditto  [month]. 

*  •  * 

Iusalrrd.  That  the    .     .     .     Commissary-General  .     .     and 

<v«r\  of  their  |his|  deputies  shall  take  an  oath  truly  and  faithfully  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  their  respective  stations. 

July  31, 1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  above-named  gentlemen  |  Messrs.  Langdon, 
J,  Adams,  Hopkins.  Deane,  Clinton,  Crane,  Franklin,  Rodney,  John- 
son. Henry,  liewes,  Gadsden,  and  I  Tail  |  be  a  committee  in  the  recess 
of  the  Congress  to  inquire  into  the  cheapest  and  easiest  methods  of 
making  salt  in  these  colonies. 

./"/'/.;/./;;.',.  Announce*  apj)ointiiicnt  by  Coii^i-chh  of  Joseph  Trumbull  as  ( 'otn- 
mi.-.- ary -<  .<  n.-ral  to  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies.  (Orders,  General  Jli'iili/mirters, 
Cambridge.) 

239 


240       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  8,  1775. — "The  following  is  the  ration  of  provisions  allowed  by  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  unto  each  soldier,  viz,  1  lb.  of  fresh  beei  or  f  of  a  lb.  of  pork  or  1  lb. 
of  salt  fish  per  diem;  one  pound  of  bread  or  flour  per  diem;  3  pints  of  peas  or  beans 
per  week  or  vegetables  equivalent,  at  5s.  per  bushel  for  peas  or  beans;  1  pint  of  milk 
per  man  per  diem  when  to  be  had;  one-half  pint  of  rice  or  1  pint  of  Indian  meal  per 
man  per  week;  1  quart  of  spruce  beer  per  man  or  9  gallons  of  molasses  for  company 
of  100  men;  3  lbs.  of  candles  to  100  men  per  week  for  guards,  etc. ;  24  lbs.  of  soft  or 
8  lbs  of  hard  soap  per  100  men  per  week."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cam- 


bridge. ) 


September  U,  1775. 


Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  deputy  commissary -general  be  directed 
to  pay  to  Dr.  Stringer  for  the  medicines  he  has  purchased  for  the  use 
of  the  Army,  and  that  he  purchase  and  forward  such  other  medicines  as 
General  Schuyler  shall,  by  his  warrant,  direct  for  the  use  of  said  Army. 

September  21,  1775. — "The  General  has  thought  proper  to  order  and  direct  that 
from  the  first  day  of  July  last  there  be  issued  by  the  Commissary-General  the  follow- 
ing proportion  of  rations,  viz:  To  each  major-general,  15  rations;  to  each  brigadier- 
general,  12  rations;  to  each  colonel,  6  rations;  to  each  lieutenant-colonel,  5  rations; 
to  each  major,  4  rations;  to  each  captain,  3  rations;  to  each  subaltern,  2  rations,  and 
to  each  staff  officer,  2  rations.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

September  23,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  purchase  a  quantity  of 
woolen  goods  for  the  use  of  the  Army  to  the  amount  of  five  thousand 
pounds  sterling. 

That  the  said  goods,  when  bought,  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
quartermasters-general  of  the  Continental  armies,  and  that  the  same  be 
by  them  sold  out  to  the  private  soldiers  of  said  armies  at  prime  cost 
and  charges,  including  a  commission  of  five  per  centum  to  the  said 
quartermasters-general  for  their  trouble. 

That  the  committee  consist  of  five. 

The  ballot  being  taken  and  examined,  the  following  members  were 
chosen: 

Mr.  Lewis,  Mr.  Alsop,  Mr.  Willing,  Mr.  Deane,  and  Mr.  Langdon. 

October  3,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  contract  for  such  quantities 
of  beef  and  pork  as  may  be  thought  proper  by  the  General,  and  have 
the  same  salted  up  in  convenient  houses  near  the  camp,  according  to 
his  scheme  recommended  by  the  General  to  the  consideration  of  the 
Congress. 

October  5,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  letter  be  sent  to  General  Washington  to  inform 
him  that  Congress,  having  received  certain  intelligence  of  the  sailing 
of  two  north-country  built  brigs  of  no  force  from  England  on  the  11th 
of  August  last,  loaded  with  .  .  .  stores  for  Quebec,  without  con- 
voy, which  it  being  of  importance  to  intercept,  desire  that  he  apply  to 
the  council  of  Massachusetts  Bay  for  the  two  armed  vessels  in  their 
service  and  despatch  the  same,  with  a  sufficient  number  of  people, 
stores,  etc.,  particularly  a  number  of  oars,  in  order,  if  possible,  to 
intercept  the  said  two  brigs  and  their  cargoes  and  secure  the  same  for 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPAKTMENT.  241 

the  use  of  the  continent;  also  any  other  transports  laden  with  .  .  . 
clothing  and  other  stores,  for  the  use  of  the  ministerial  army  or  navy 
in  America,  and  secure  them  in  the  most  convenient  places  for  the  pur- 
pose above  mentioned.     .     .     . 

November  2,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  3,000  felt  hats,  3,000  worsted  caps,  3,000  pair  of 
buckskin  breeches,  3,000  pair  of  shoes,  3,000  pair  of  yarn  stockings, 
and  3,000  waistcoats,  suitable  for  the  season,  be  immediately  purchased 
and  sent  to  the  army  under  the  command  of  General  Schuyler,  to  be 
sold  to  the  soldiers  at  prime  cost,  including  charges  of  carriage  and 
five  per  cent  to  the  deputy  quartermaster-general,  by  whom  the  said 
goods  are  to  be  sold. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  as  much  duffels  or  kersey  as  will  make  three  hun- 
dree  watch  coats  be  purchased  and  sent  to  General  Schuyler,  with 
needles  and  thread,  to  be  made  into  watch  coats,  and  that  these  be 
charged  to  the  continent  and  kept  for  the  use  of  the  out  centries. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  purchase  the 
foregoing  articles. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Alsop,  Mr.  Lewis,  and  Mr.  Sherman. 

November  2, 1775. — The  resolve  of  this  date  and  those  of  September  23  and  October 
23,  1776,  relating  to  clothing  belong  properly  under  this  head,  but  Congress,  in  these 
three  instances,  devolved  the  duty  on  the  Quartermaster-General. 

November  4,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  ration  consist  of  the  following  kind  and  quantity 
of  provisions: 

1  lb.  beef,  or  f  lb.  pork,  or  1  lb.  salt  fish  per  day. 

1  lb.  bread  or  flour  per  day. 

3  pints  of  pease  or  beans  per  week,  or  vegetables-  equivalent,  at  one 
dollar  per  bushel  for  pease  or  beans. 

1  pint  of  milk  per  man,  or  at  the  rate  of  fa  oi  a  dollar. 

1  naif  pint  of  rice,  or  1  pint  of  Indian  meal  per  man  per  week. 

1  quart  of  spruce  beer  or  cider  per  man  per  day,  or  nine  gallons  of 
molasses  per  company  of  100  men  per  week. 

3  lb.  candles  to  100  men  per  week  for  guards. 

24  lb.  soft  or  8  lb.  hard  soap  for  100  men  per  week. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  clothing  be  provided  for  the  new  army  by  the  conti- 
nent, and  paid  for  by  stoppages  out  of  the  soldiers'  wages,  at  If  dol- 
lars per  month;  that  as  much  as  possible  of  the  cloth  for  this  purpose 
be  dyed  brown,  and  the  distinctions  of  the  regiments  made  in  the 
facings. 

That  a  man  who  brings  a  good  new  blanket  into  the  camp  be  allowed 
two  dollars  therefor,  and  take  it  away  at  the  end  of  the  campaign. 

Resolved,  That  in  order  to  supply  the  Army  with  provisions,  the 
Commissary-General  be  directed  to  cause  cattle  and  hogs  to  be  driven, 
at  proper  seasons,  to  the  camp,  there  to  be  slaughtered  and  cured, 
and  as  to  the  articles  of  bread  and  flour,  that  he  proceed  in  the  way 
that  he  has  done  for  some  time  past. 

S.  Doc.  229 16 


242       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

November  8,  1775. — "If,  upon  such  a  conference  [with  General  Schuyler]  it  shall 
be  judged  necessary,  you  are  authorized  to  direct  Mr.  Livingston,  the  deputy  com- 
missary-general, to  furnish  the  necessary  provisions  for  an  army  of  three  thousand 
men  for  six  months."  {Letter  of  committee  to  Messrs.  R.R.Livingston,  Robert  Treat 
Paine,  and  J.  Langdon,  who  had  been  directed  to  consult  urith  General  Schuyler  relative 
to  number  of  forces  necessary  in  the  Northern  Department  and  Canada.) 

November  18,  1775. — "  The  Commissary-General  to  order  all  the  horns  of  the  bul- 
locks that  are  killed  for  the  use  of  the  Army  to  be  saved  and  sent  to  the  Q.  M.  Gen- 
eral, who  is  also  to  provide  as  many  as  he  can  get,  and  have  the  whole  made  into 
good  powderhorns  for  the  use  of  the  troops."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cam- 
bridge.) 

December  8,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Thomas  Lowry  be  appointed  to  supply  the  bat- 
talions raised  in  New  Jersey  with  the  rations  and  other  necessaries 
allowed  them  (^%\  of  a  dollar  per  ration). 

December  24,  1775. — "By  order  of  His  Excellency  General  Washington,  a  board  of 
general  officers  sat  yesterday  in  Cambridge  and  unanimously  recommended  the  fol- 
lowing rations  to  be  delivered  in  the  manner  hereby  directed,  viz,  corned  beef  and 
pork,  four  days  in  a  week;  salt  fish,  one  day;  and  fresh  beef,  two  days.  As  milk 
can  not  be  procured  during  the  winter  season,  the  men  are  to  have  one  pound  and  a 
half  of  beef  or  eighteen  ounces  of  pork  per  day;  half  pint  of  rice  or  a  pint  of  indian 
meal  per  week;  one  quart  of  spruce  beer  per  day,  or  nine  gallons  of  molasses  to  one 
hundred  men  per  week;  six  pounds  of  candles  to  one  hundred  men  per  week,  for 
guards;  six  ounces  of  butter  or  nine  ounces  of  hog's  lard  per  week;  three  pints  of 
pease  or  beans  per  man  per  week,  or  vegetables  equivalent,  allowing  six  shillings  per 
bushel  for  beans  or  pease,  two  and  eight  pence  per  bushel  for  onions,  one  and  four 

Eence  per  bushel  for  potatoes  and  turnips;  one  pound  of  flour  per  man  each  day; 
ard  bread  to  be  dealt  out  one  day  in  a  week  in  lieu  of  flour.  The  above  allowance 
is  ordered  to  be  issued  by  the  Commissary-General  to  all  the  troops  of  the  United 
Colonies  serving  in  the  department,  until  the  honorable  the  Continental  Congress  or 
the  Commander  in  Chief  thinks  proper  to  alter  it."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge. ) 

December  26, 1775. — Numerous  complaints  by  officers  having  been  made,  November 
14,  1775,  against  Commissary-General  Trumbull,  "first,  for  not  delivering  out  the 
back  allowance  of  pease  or  the  value  thereof  in  money  to  the  officers  and  men;  sec- 
ond, for  taking  in  onions  at  2s.  6d.  and  delivering  them  at  4s. ;  third,  for  taking  in 
potatoes  at  Is.  4d.  and  delivering  them  out  at  2s.,"  a  court-martial  was  ordered  to  sit 
December  25, 1775.  "The  court,  on  mature  consideration,  beg  leave  to  report  to  his 
excellency  that  the  first  articles  of  the  charge  is  groundless,  that  the  second  and 
third  articles  are  confessed  by  the  Commissary-General,  and,  though  t  e  court  are 
fully  satisfied  there  was  not  the  least  design  of  fraud  in  Mr.  Trumbull,  they  are 
unanimously  of  opinion  that  the  measure  was  pernicious  and  injudicious."  {Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

December  29,  1775. — "The  Commissary-General  having  estimated  the  value  of  the 
different  species  of  provisions  which  constitute  a  ration  under  the  continental  allow- 
ance, and  finding  it  to  amount  to  seven  pence  halfpenny  lawful  money,  the  General, 
having  seen  the  said  estimate,  approves  of  it  and  orders  that  they  be  settled  with 
accordingly."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

January  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  goods  and  stores  ought  to  be  imported 
as  soon  as  possible,  for  the  use  of  the  United  Colonies,  viz: 

60,000  striped  blankets. 
120,000  yards  of  6-4  cloths,  brown  and  blue,  from  3s.  to  6s.  ster. 
10,000  yards  of        do.         different  colors,  for  facings,  at  4s. 
3,000  pieces  of  duffils,  or  some  such  cloth. 
100  M  sorted  needles. 
50  M  do.  none  fine. 

10  M  do.  for  sailcloth. 

3,000  pieces  of  raven's  duck. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  243 

3,000  pieces  ticklenburgs. 
1,500  pieces  oznaburgs. 
1,000  pieces  of  vitrey. 
4,000  pieces  Hamburg  dowlas. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
pursue  the  most  effectual  measures  for  importing  the  foregoing  articles. 

January  10,  1776. — Rations  were  allowed  as  follows:  Colonel,  6;  lieutenant-colonel, 
5;  major,  4;  captain,  3.  [While  this  resolve  referred  directly  to  line  officers,  it  is 
assumed  that  it  governed  similar  allowances  to  staff  officers.] 

January  25,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  James  Mease  be  appointed  a  commissary  to 
supply  the  battalions  ordered  to  be  raised  in  Pennsylvania  with  the 
articles  allowed  by  Congress;  and  that  he  be  allowed  for  his  trouble 
one  and  one-fourth  per  cent  in  full  of  all  charges  for  the  money  passing 
through  his  hands,  and  that  he  give  security  for  the  just  and  faithful 
expenditure  of  the  same. 

That  Mr.  Lynch  and  Mr.  Allen  take  the  security. 

February  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  appointment  of  John  Halsted,  esq. ,  to 
be  commissary  for  the  army  before  Quebec,  be  confirmed. 

March  29,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  commissary -general  of  stores  and  provisions 
be  appointed  for  the  army  of  the  United  Colonies  in  Canada. 
The  ballots  being  taken  and  examined, 
Mr.  J.  Price  was  elected. 

April  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  to  import  car- 
goes of  salt  on  the  Continental  account,  in  such  ships  or  vessels  as 
they  employ  to  carry  outward  cargoes,  and  are  obliged  to  insure  on 
their  return. 

April  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  an  immediate  supply  of  .  .  .  shoes  and  blankets 
be  furnished  for  the  troops  in  Virginia,  and  that  proper  persons  be 
appointed  to  procure  them,  subject  to  the  orders  of  Congress  already 
entered  into. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Ephraim  Blaine  be  appointed  to  purchase  a 
quantity  of  blankets  not  exceeding  5,000,  and  also  that  he  be  directed 
to  purchase  5,000  pairs  of  shoes  to  be  sent  to  Virginia,  to  the  com- 
manding officer  at  Williamsburgh. 

April  £7,  1776. 

Congress  also  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  commissary- 
general  for  supplying  the  troops  in  Virginia  with  rations;  and  the  bal- 
lots being  taken  and  examined, 

William  Aylett,  esq. ,  was  elected. 


244       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  #4,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  allowed  to  the  several  persons  undermen- 
tioned, employed  in  the  Commissary-General's  Department,  in  the 
Continental  Army,  the  wages  and  rations  annexed  to  their  names, 
respectively,  during  the  time  they  have  been  and  shall  continue  in 
the  service  of  the  United  Colonies. 

IN   THE   ISSUING    STORE    AT   CAMBRIDGE. 

Charles  Miller,  issuing  storekeeper,  50  dollars  per  month  and  4 
rations. 

Peter  Roe  Dalton,  first  clerk,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3 
rations. 

Ebenezer  Perry  and  Thomas  Durant,  clerks  in  store,  3s.  4,  do. ,  and 
2  rations. 

William  Brown  and  Josiah  Brown,  clerks  at  scales,  3s.  4,  do. ,  and  2 
rations. 

Robert  Davis,  clerk  of  weekly  allowances,  3s.  4,  do.,  and  2  rations. 

Eight  laborers,  one  cooper,  and  one  cook,  each  2s.  8,  lawful  money, 
a  day  and  1  ration. 

Employed  to  issue  to  two  brigades. 

IN   THE    STORE    AT   ROXBURY. 

Aaron  Blaney,  issuing  storekeeper,  50  dollars  per  month  and  4 
rations. 

James  Richardson,  first  clerk,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3 
rations. 

Two  clerks  in  store  and  two  at  scales,  each  3s.  4,  do. ,  and  2  rations. 

Six  laborers,  one  cooper,  and  one  cook,  each  2s.  8,  do.,  and  1  ration. 

Employed  to  issue  to  two  brigades. 

ON   PROSPECT   HILL. 

Peter  Philips,  issuing  storekeeper,  40  dollars  a  month  and  4  rations. 
Griffin  Green,  first  clerk,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3  rations. 
One  clerk  in  store  and  one  at  scales,  each  3s.  4,  lawful  money,  a  day 
and  2  rations. 

One  cooper  and  four  laborers,  each  2s.  8,  do.,  and  1  ration. 
Employed  to  issue  to  one  brigade. 

AT   MEDFORD. 

Moses  Emerson,  issuing  storekeeper,  40  dollars  a  month  and  4  rations. 
Israel  Mead,  first  clerk,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3  rations. 
One  clerk  in  store  and  one  at  scales,  3s.  4,  do.,  and  2  rations. 
One  cooper  and  four  laborers,  each  2s.  8,  do.,  and  1  ration. 
Employed  to  issue  to  one  brigade. 

IN    THE   MAGAZINE   AT   CAMBRIDGE. 

Samuel  Gray,  Reuben  Stiles,  and  Daniel  Brown,  clerks  and  maga- 
zine keepers,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3  rations. 
One  cooper,  2s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  1  ration. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  245 

IN   THE   MAGAZINE    AT   ROXBURY. 

Jabez  Porter  and  James  Jauncey  Pendleton,  clerks  and  magazine 
keepers,  4s.  8,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3  rations. 

One  cooper,  2s.  8,  do.,  and  1  ration. 

Joseph  Farnsworth,  commissary  to  Colonel  Arnold's  detachment, 
returned  from  Fort  Halifax,  £10,  lawful  money,  a  month  and  3  rations 
per  day. 

Joseph  Thomas,  employed  constantly  in  riding  to  collect  stores, 
procure  teams,  etc. ,  himself  and  horse,  8s. ,  lawful  money,  a  day  and  3 
rations. 

William  Herkins  and  Elisha  Avery,  principal  bookkeepers  and 
payers  of  small  bills,  £10,  lawful  money,  a  month  and  3  rations  per 
day. 

Resolved,  That  an  addition  of  40  dollars  a  month  be  made  to  the  pay 
of  the  Commissary-General. 

June  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  authorized  to  form  and 
fix  such  magazines  of  provisions     .     .     .     as  he  may  judge  necessary. 

June  S,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  commissaries-general,  .  .  .  make 
regular  returns  and  reports  to  Congress  and  to  the  respective  officers 
to  whom  they  are  deputies  at  least  once  a  month,  and  that  the  princi- 
pals also  make  returns  to  Congress  at  the  same  periods. 

June  13,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  stop  the  exporta- 
tion of  any  salted  provisions  which  they  may  have  ordered  to  be  made 
from  New  York. 

June  19,  1776. 

AYW/vy/,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  assemblies  and  conventions 
of  the  United  Colonies  forthwith  to  cause  a  suit  of  clothes — of  which 
the  waistcoat  and  breeches  may  be  made  of  deer  leather  (if  to  be  had 
on  reasonable  terms),  a  blanket,  felt  hat,  two  shirts,  two  pairs  of  hose, 
and  two  pairs  of  shoes — to  be  manufactured,  or  otherwise  procured  at 
reasonable  rates,  in  their  respective  colonies,  for  each  soldier  of  the 
American  Army  enlisted  therein  for  the  present  campaign,  and  that 
the  same  be  baled,  invoiced,  and  stored  in  suitable  places,  to  be  deliv- 
ered to  the  order  of  Congress,  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the 
.American  Army. 

July  6,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Carpenter  Wharton  be  appointed  commissary,  to 
supply  with  rations  the  militia  who  are  immediately  to  march  from 
Pennsylvania  to  New  Jersey,  until  the  Commissary-General  shall  order 
otherwise. 


246      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  V.   S.   ARMY. 

July  8,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commissary-General  have  full  power 
to  supply  both  armies — that  upon  the  lakes  as  well  as  that  in  New 
York— and  also  to  appoint  and  employ  such  persons  under  him,  and 
to  remove  any  deputy  commissary,  as  he  shall  judge  proper  and 
expedient,  it  being  absolutely  necessary  that  the  supply  of  both  armies 
should  be  under  one  direction. 

July  31,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  delegates  of  that  State  [North  Carolina] 
employ  some  proper  person,  as  a  commissary,  to  purchase  in  this  city, 
or  the  neighborhood  thereof,  clothing  for  the  troops  raised  in  that 
State  for  the  Continental  service. 

August  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commissary-General  and  deput3T  com- 
missaries in  the  several  departments  be  directed  to  transmit  to  Con- 
gress weekly  an  account  of  the  sums  of  money  they  may  respectively 
receive  from  the  paymasters. 

*  *  * 

That  the  Commissary  -  General,  .  .  .  deputy  commissaries, 
.  .  .  be  directed  to  make  monthly  returns,  at  least,  of  the  stores 
under  their  direction,  and  the  distribution  of  them. 

August  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  500  pounds  of  gunpowder  be  delivered  to  the  said 
Mease  and  Caldwell  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  deerskins  to  make 
breeches  for  the  soldiery  in  the  service  of  the  United  States;  they  to 
be  accountable. 

That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  fall  upon  proper  ways  and 
means  of  procuring  a  further  supply  of  deerskins,  for  the  like  purpose, 
from  Georgia  and  South  Carolina. 

August  29,  1776. 

That  George  Measam,  esq.,  be  continued  in  the  office  of  superin- 
tendent commissary  of  stores,  except  artillery  stores,  for  the  northern 
army,  with  the  pay  of  33£  dollars  per  month. 

September  14,  1776. — Deputy  Commissary  Armstrong  accepted  his  appointment. 
September  23,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  devise  ways  and 
mens  for  providing  clothing     .     .     .     for  the  Army. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  II.  H.  Lee,  Mr.  Wythe,  and  Mr.  R.  Morris." 

September  21>,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  devise  ways  and 
means  for  effectually  providing  the  northern  army  with  provisions. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Rush,  Mr.  Hall,  Mr.  Chase,  Mr.  Johnson, 
and  Mr.  Stockton. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  247 

September  25,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  committee  of  Congress,  consisting  of 
one  delegate  from  each  State,  be  appointed,  with  authority  to  employ 
proper  persons  to  purchase,  in  their  respective  States,  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  blankets  and  woolens  tit  for  soldiers'  clothes,  and  that  they  take 
the  most  effectual  and  speedy  methods  for  getting  such  woolens  made 
up  and  distributed  among  the  regular  Continental  Army  in  such  pro- 
portions as  will  best  promote  the  public  service,  and  that  they  also  pur- 
chase all  other  necessary  clothing  for  the  soldiers  in  such  proportion 
as  they  judge,  upon  the  best  information,  will  be  wanted.     .     .     . 

That  Mr.  J.  Mease  .  .  .  use  the  utmost  diligence  in  buying, 
collecting,  and  getting  made  immediately  as  many  more  of  those  arti- 
cles [white  shirts,  shoes,  and  stockings]  as  possible,  making  weekly 
returns  to  Congress  of  what  he  obtains. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  commissaries  ...  in  the  several  depart- 
ments be  directed  to  apply  to  Mr.  Mease  for  such  articles  of  clothing, 
camp  equipage,  and  other  utensils  which  they  may  want  to  purchase 
in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  appointment  of  the  committee,  when 
the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen,  viz: 

Mr.  Bartlett,  Mr.  Paine,  Mr.  Ellery,  Mr.  Williams,  Mr.  Floyd,  Mr. 
Stockton,  Mr.  Ross,  Mr.  McKean,  Mr.  Paca,  Mr.  Wythe,  Mr.  Hewes, 
Mr.  Middleton,  and  Mr.  Hall. 

October  8,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  further  encouragement  of  the  noncommis- 
sioned officers  and  soldiers  who  shall  engage  in  the  service  during  the 
war  a  suit  of  clothes  be  annually  given  each  of  the  said  officers  and 
soldiers,  to  consist,  for  the  present  year,  of  two  linen  hunting  shirts, 
two  pairs  of  overalls,  a  leathern  or  woolen  waistcoat  with  sleeves,  one 
pair  of  breeches,  a  hat  or  leathern  hat,  two  shirts,  two  pairs  of  hose, 
and  two  pairs  of  shoes,  amounting,  in  the  whole,  to  the  value  of  twenty 
dollars.     .     .     . 

October  9,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  commissary  of  clothing  be  appointed  for 
each  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  whose  duty  shall  be  to  make 
constant  returns  to  the  assemblies  or  conventions  of  the  respective 
States  of  the  clothing  wanted  for  their  several  regiments,  to  receive 
and  pay  for  the  same,  to  deliver  it  to  the  paymasters  of  the  respective 
regiments.     .     .     . 

That  the  Commissary-General  be  empowered  to  appoint  as  many 
conductors  for  the  commissary  of  stores  and  assistants  to  the  commis- 
sary of  clothing  as  he  shall,  from  time  to  time,  judge  necessary,  and 
report  their  names  to  Congress. 

That  there  be  a  deputy  commissary  of  stores  for  the  Army  at  New 
York,  with  the  pay  of  thirty  dollars  a  month. 

October  10,  1776. 

/it  solved*  That  three  members  be  added  to  the  committee  of  cloth- 
ing, in  the  room  of  (hose  who  sire  absent. 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Witherspoon,  Mr.  Stone,  and  Mr.  Penn. 


248      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

October  11,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to  appoint  a 
deputy  commissary  of  stores  for  the  army  near  New  York. 

October  16,  1776. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary  of  clothing  for 
the  northern  army;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

George  Measam  was  elected. 

Resolved,  That  George  Measam  be  allowed  the  pay  and  rations  of  a 
major  in  the  Continental  service. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to  appoint  a 
commissary  of  clothing  for  the  Army  under  his  immediate  com- 
mand.    .     .     . 

October  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  commissary  be  appointed  to  supply  the  battalion 
commanded  by  Colonel  Mackay  with  provisions. 
The  ballots  being  taken, 
Ephraim  Blaine,  esq.,  was  elected. 

October  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  commissary-general  in  Virginia  be 
directed  to  make  contracts  for  the  supply  of  the  troops  in  that  depart- 
ment, provided  they  can  be  made  at  a  rate  not  exceeding  eight  pence, 
Virginia  currency,  a  ration,  the  contractors  to  have  the  use  of  the 
public  wagons  on  any  motion  or  march  of  the  Army  from  the  place  or 
places  where  stationed. 

That  the  commander  in  chief  of  each  department  be  empowered,  at 
the  instance  of  the  Commissary-General  or  his  deputies,  to  employ  as 
many  persons  under  him  or  them  at  such  salary  or  wages  as  he  shall 
think  adequate  and  as  he  may  think  the  service  from  time  to  time 
requires. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follows,  and  that  the  deputy  commissary  of  Virginia  be  informed 
thereof: 

To  the  deputy  commissary -general,  6  rations;  .  .  .  that  the 
deputy  commissary-general  of  Virginia  be  allowed  his  reasonable 
travelling  charges.     .     .     . 

October  22,  1776. 

The  secret  committee  reported  that  the  cargo  lately  arrived  at  Ports- 
mouth in  the  brig  Marquis  of  Kildare,  Captain  Palmer,  consists  of  the 
following  articles,  viz:  .  .  .  4  to  500  jackets,  100  knapsacks,  100 
leggins,     ...     2  bales  of  woolens,  1  bale  of  linens,     .     .     . 

Whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  100  knapsacks,  100  leggins,  ...  be 
sent  to  the  Northern  Army,  under  General  Schuyler  and  General  Gates. 

That  the  jackets,  if  fit  for  soldiers,  be  sent  to  the  Northern 
Army.     .     .     . 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  249 

That  the  two  bales  of  woolens  be  made  up  into  soldiers'  clothes  for 
the  Northern  Araiy. 

That  the  bale  of  linens,  if  fit  for  soldiers'  shirts  or  other  purposes 
for  the  Army,  be  made  up  and  sent  to  the  Northern  Army.     .     .     . 

November  4,,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  clothing  be  provided  for  the  new  Army  by  the  Con- 
tinent and  paid  for  by  stoppages  out  of  the  soldier's  wages  at  If  dol- 
lars per  month;  that  as  much  as  possible  of  the  cloth  for  this  purpose 
be  dyed  brown  and  the  distinctions  of  the  regiments  made  in  the 
facings. 

That  a  man  who  brings  a  good  new  blanket  into  the  camp  be  allowed 
two  dollars  therefor,  and  take  it  away  at  the  end  of  the  campaign. 

Resolved,  That  in  order  to  supply  the  Army  with  provisions  the 
Commissary-General  be  directed  to  cause  cattle  and  hogs  to  be  driven, 
at  proper  seasons,  to  the  camp,  these  to  be  slaughtered  and  cured,  and 
as  to  the  articles  of  bread  and  flour  that  he  proceed  in  the  way  that 
he  has  done  for  some  time  past. 

November  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  or  his  deputies  make  weekly 
returns  of  all  rations  issued  or  paid  to  the  officers  and  privates  of  any 
regiment,  troop,  or  company  in  the  service  of  the  States  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  or  his  deputies,  to  be  by  him  inserted  in  the  general  returns 
of  the  Army  and  transmitted  to  Congress  monthly. 

November  22,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissaries  in  each  department  be  directed  to 
employ  proper  persons  to  take  immediate  charge  of  the  hides  and  tal- 
low in  their  respective  districts,  that  the  former  may  be  tanned  into 
leather  or,  at  least,  so  far  cured  as  to  prevent  their  being  spoiled,  and 
the  latter  rendered  into  kegs  or  casks,  that  there  be  no  waste  of  those 
valuable  articles,  but  that  they  may  be  stored  for  the  use  of  the  con- 
tinent and  be  subject  to  the  orders  of  Congress,  and  that  said  commis- 
saries be  strongly  urged  to  pay  due  attention  to  this  resolve,  it  being 
a  matter  of  considerable  importance. 

November  22, 1776. — Messrs.  Paca,  of  Maryland;  Ross,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Wither- 
spoon,  of  New  Jersey,  were  constituted  a  committee  to  repair  to  General  Washington's 
headquarters  to  confer  with  and  assist  him  in  improving  the  present  state  of  the  Army, 
which,  owing  to  past  and  future  disbandments,  may  be  met  by  a  largely  superior 
force. 

November  26,  1776. 

L'.snlrxf.  That  Mr.  Mease,  the  Continental  commissary  in  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  be  directed  to  go  to  the  several  shops  and  stores  in  the 
said  city  and  purchase  for  the  use  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States 
such  articles  as  are  necessary  for  them  at  this  and  the  approaching 
season  of  the  year,  and  that  he  be  empowered  to  employ  as  many  per- 
sons as  he  shall  judge  necessary  to  assist  him  in  this  service. 

That  the  council  of  safety  of  Pennsylvania  be  requested,  with  all 
possible  expedition,  to  cause  application  to  be  made  to  the  housekeepers 
and  others  in  the  said  State  for  as  many  blankets  and  woolen  stockings 


250       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

as  each  can  spare  for  the  use  of  the  soldiers  under  the  immediate  com- 
mand of  General  Washington  in  New  Jersey,  and  that  they  be  deliv- 
ered as  fast  as  collected  to  Mr.  Mease,  the  Continental  commissary. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  said  council  of  safety  to  appoint  per- 
sons to  appraise  the  blankets  and  woolen  stockings  so  collected,  as 
aforesaid,  that  the  value  of  them  may  be  paid. 

November  27,  1776. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Ross,  Mr.  Paca,  and  Mr.  Witherspoon  was  read, 
informing  that  they  have  been  appointed  an  assistant  .  .  .  com- 
missary, to  provide  for  a  number  of  sick  and  take  care  of  stores  sent 
to  Princeton. 

Ordered,  That  the  President  inform  them  that  Congress  approves 
of  the  appointments. 

November  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  be  empowered  to  import 
such  quantities  of  rice  from  the  Southern  States  as  he  shall  think 
necessary  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

November  29,  1776. — Congress  ordered  that  a  garden  be  kept  on  the  grounds  of 
hospitals  on  Mount  Independence  to  supply  vegetables  for  the  Army. 

December  1, 1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  appoint  one  or 

more  trusty  person  to  proceed  to  the  Eastern  States,     .     .     .     and 

that  the  said  person  or  persons  have  power  to  purchase,  or  cause  to 

be  purchased,  such  necessary  clothing  as  can  be  procured  in  those 

States,     ... 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Mr.  J.  Mease  be  directed  to  purchase  all 
the  hats  and  caps  he  can  procure  proper  for  soldiers,  and  to  employ 
as  great  a  number  of  taylors  as  possible  in  making  up  clothes  for 
soldiers.     ... 

December  12,  1776. — Owing  to  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  Congress  ordered  that 
the  clothing  in  and  near  Philadelphia  be  put  under  control  of  General  Putnam,  who 
was  charged  with  the  defense  of  the  city. 

December  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  proper  magazines  of  provision.*  for  the  Army  be 
immediately  formed  in  or  near  Philadelphia.     .     .     . 

December  24,  1776. — The  magazines  provided  for  by  resolve  of  December  21  were 
to  be  magazines  of  provisions.  The  report,  if  any  was  made  under  this  resolve, 
does  not  appear  to  be  of  record. 

December  26,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  J.  Trumbull,  esq. ,  be  empowered  to  import,  at  the 
Continental  risk,  from  Virginia  and  Maryland  and  the  other  Southern 
States,  such  quantities  of  flour  and  other  provisions  as  he  may  judge 
necessary  for  the  support  of  the  Army. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  251 

December  27,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to 
appoint  ...  a  clothier-general  for  supplying  the  Army,  to  fix 
their  salaries,  and  return  their  names  to  Congress. 


December  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  Congress  the  Northern  Army  may 
be  supplied  more  advantageous^  and  conveniently  in  the  present  mode 
of  the  Commissary-General's  governing  himself  by  such  regulations 
as  have  been  and  may  be  from  time  to  time  ordained  by  the  General 
or  Commander  in  Chief  than  by  contractors. 

December  30,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  letter  be  written  to  General  Washington  desiring 
him  to  order  the  clothier-general  to  send  agents  into  each  State  to  buy 
up  linens  and  other  clothing  proper  for  the  soldiery;  .  .  .  and  that 
they  be  severally  directed  to  apply  to  the  States  to  afford  all  necessary 
assistance  therein.     .     .     . 

December  80,  1776. — It  appearing  extremely  difficult,  if  not  impracticable,  to  sup- 
ply the  Army  with  bacon,  salt  beef,  pork,  soap,  tallow,  and  candles,  Congress  resolved: 
■  That  none  of  the  said  articles,  except  such  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  crew  of  any 
ship  or  vessel,  be  exported  from  any  of  the  United  States  after  the  5th  of  January, 
1777,  until  the  first  day  of  November  next,  or  until  Congress  shall  take  further  action 
therein." 

December  31,  1776. — Congress  desired  General  Washington  to  order  the  clothier- 
general  to  send  agents  into  each  State  to  buy  up  linen  and  other  clothing  proper  for 
soldiery. 

January  8,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  :  .  That  Colonel  Morgan  appoint  a  proper  person 
deputy  commissary  for  providing  and  taking  care  of  the  provisions 
for  the  garrisons  upon  the  western  frontiers  of  Virginia  and  to  take 
care  of  the  provisions  and  other  Continental  stores  laid  up  at  those 
places,  for  Indian  expeditions  and  other  public  purposes. 

January  SO,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  salary  of  Mr.  Commissary  Aylett  .  .  . 
be  augmented  to  the  sum  of  75  dollars  per  month.     .     .     . 

February  5,  1777. 

Rrsolrnf.  Thai  William  Aylett,  esq.,  deputy  commissar}  -general,  be 
directed  forthwith  to  purchase,  with  as  much  secrecy  as  possible,  and 
lay  up  in  proper  magazines,  convenient  to  water  carriage,  under  the 
care  and  management  of  trusty  storekeepers,  a  quantity  of  good  mer- 
chantable indian  corn,  not  exceeding  10,000  barrels. 
*  *  * 

AV.sy///vv/,  That  the  commissioners  at  the  ( Jourt  of  F ranee  be  directed 
to  use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  send,  without  delay,  80,000  blankets, 
40,000  complete  suits  of  clothes  for  soldiers,  of  green,  blue,  and  brown 


252       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  TJ.   S.   ARMY. 

colors,  with  suitable  facings  and  cloth  of  the  same  colors,  with  trim- 
mings sufficient  for  40,000  suits  more,  100,000  pairs  of  stockings  fit  for 
soldiers,  ...  to  such  parts  of  the  United  States  as  the  secret 
committee  shall  direct;     .     .     . 

February  12,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  General  Schuyler  be  empowered  to  make  the  most 
advantageous  use  of  the  salt  springs  mentioned  in  his  letter  of  the  23d 
of  January  last;  to  employ  proper  persons,  skilled  in  making  salt,  and 
to  purchase  boilers  and  other  things  necessary  for  the  purpose. 

March  12,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures,  or,  in  their 
recess,  to  the  executive  powers  of  each  of  the  United  States,  to  cause 
assessments  of  blankets  to  be  made,  in  order  to  furnish  their  several 
quotas  of  soldiers  with  an  article  so  necessary  to  defend  them  from  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather  and  damp  air  in  their  encampments,  and 
that  all  blankets  to  be  obtained  in  this  manner  be  valued  to  a  just  and 
reasonable  price,  and  paid  for  by  the  States,  respectively,  to  be  repaid 
by  the  United  States,  and  that  the  legislatures,  or,  in  their  recess,  the 
executive  power,  do  cause  money  to  be  put  into  the  hands  of  a  proper 
officer  in  every  county,  district,  or  township  in  order  that  such  blankets 
may  be  paid  for,  without  delay  or  trouble,  to  the  householders  on 
whom  the  assessments  shall  be  made. 

March  31,  1777. 

Congress  having  received  advice  that  the  ship  Mercury,  of  Nantz,  is 
arrived  at  Portsmouth,  in  New  Hampshire,  with  a  cargo  for  the  United 
States,  consisting  of  ...  48  bales  of  woolens,  9  bales  of  hand- 
kerchiefs, thread,  cottons,  and  printed  linens,  2  cases  of  shoes,  1  box 
of  buttons  and  buckles,  1  box  of  lawns,  and  one  case  of  needles  and  silk 

neckcloths, 

*  *  * 

Ordered,  That  the  secret  committee  deliver  .  .  .  the  remainder 
of  the  cargo  [as  above]  to  the  clothier-general  or  his  order. 

April  1,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Ephraim  Blaine,  esq. ,  be  appointed  commissary  for 
supplying  with  provisions  the  troops  now  in  the  county  of  Cumber- 
land, in  Pennsylvania,  and  such  as  may  hereafter  march  through  that 
county,  as  well  as  the  artificers  and  troops  who  shall  be  employed  in 
the  magazine  and  laboratory  to  be  erected  at  Carlisle. 

April  1>,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  issuing  commissaries  be  obliged  to 
deliver  monthly  to  the  Commissary-General  of  Musters  an  abstract  of 
the  rations  drawn  or  retained  by  the  several  regiments. 

April  4, 1777. — General  Washington,  agreeably  to  the  powers  vested  in  him,  lately 
appointed  James  Mease  clothier-general  for  the  American  Army. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  253 

April  18,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  member  be  added  to  the  Committee  on  the  Commis- 
sary's Department.     ... 

The  member  chosen,  Mr.  Roberdeau. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  devise  ways  and 
means  of  supplying  the  Army  with  fresh  beef  on  the  most  reasonable 
terms. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Burke,  Mr.  Sherman,  Mr.  L.  Morris,  Mr. 
R.  H.  Lee,  and  Mr.  Rumsey. 

April  18,  1777. — John  Armstrong,  who  was  appointed  brigadier-general  March  1, 
1770,  resigned  April  4,  1777,  and,  in  the  absence  of  a  regular  inspector,  was  requested 
by  Congress  to  inspect  the  magazines  of  provisions  under  the  care  of  Commissary 
Wharton,  authorizing  him  to  call  on  the  commissaries  for  all  necessary  information, 
and,  if  he  found  the  magazines  in  a  perishing  or  neglected  state,  to  take  proper  steps 
for  their  regulation.  Commissary  Wharton  and  his  deputies  were  ordered  to  pay 
due  obedience  to  his  directions. 

April  19,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  three  members  be  added  to  the  said  committee  [on  the 
commissary's  department].     .     .     . 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Duane,  Mr.  W.  Smith,  and  Mr.  Gerry. 

April  21,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  James  Mease,  clothier-general,  be  directed  to  deliver 
to  General  Mifflin,  Quartermaster-General,  or  his  order,  all  the  cloth 
in  his  possession  fit  for  tents. 

April  23,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  the  Commissary's  Department  and 
the  committee  appointed  to  devise  means  for  supplying  the  Army  with 
fresh  beef  be  consolidated,  and  that  Mr.  Trumbull  be  directed  to  con- 
fer with  the  said  committee. 

May  3,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Christopher  Ludwig  be  appointed  superintendent  of 
bakers  and  director  of  baking  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  United  States; 
that  he  have  power  to  license,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Commander 
in  Chief  or  officer  commanding  at  any  principal  post,  all  persons  to  be 
employed  in  this  business,  and  to  regulate  their  pay,  making  proper 
report  of  his  proceedings,  and  using  his  best  endeavors  to  rectify  all 
abuses  in  the  article  of  bread. 

That  no  person  be  permitted  to  exercise  the  trade  of  baker  in  the 
said  Army  without  such  license;  and  that  he  receive  for  his  services 
herein  an  allowance  of  75  dollars  a  month  and  two  rations  a  day. 

May  8,  1777. 

Ordered,  .  .  .  That  the  said  [secret]  committee  furnish  the 
clothier-general  with  copies  of  the  invoices  of  all  clothing  and  articles 
that  relate  to  his  department  |  recently  imported  from  France],  that 
he  may  give  the  proper  orders  relative  thereto. 


254       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

May  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commander  in 
any  separate  department  shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities 
of  forage  and  for  and  during  such  times  as  they  shall  think  proper,  to 
the  .  .  .  Commissary-General  and  his  deputies  .  .  .  Pro- 
vided, alwaj^s,  That  if  any  of  the  officers  above  mentioned,  their  depu- 
ties, or  assistants  should  be  allowed  forage  in  consequence  of  any 
general  orders  hereafter  given,  and  should  nevertheless  not  keep  any 
or  so  many  horses  as  they  would  be  permitted  to  draw  forage  for,  in 
such  case  no  forage  shall  be  issued  for  more  horses  than  they  really 
have,  nor  shall  they  at  any  time  thereafter  be  allowed  any  forage  as 
back  allowance  or  any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

May  30,  1777. — "The  Commissary-General  is  to  adopt  every  means  in  his  power 
to  provide  vinegar  for  the  use  of  the  Army. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Mid- 
dlebrook. ) 

June  3,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  devise  ways 
and  means  for  supplying  the  United  States  with  salt. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  J.  B.  Smith,  Mr.  Marchant,  and  Mr. 
Frost. 

•sfc  *  * 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  devise  ways 
and  means  for  supplying  the  Army  with  shoes,  hats,  and  shirts. 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Sherman,  Mr.  Clark,  and  Mr.  J.  B.  Smith. 

June  7,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  furnish  each  noncommissioned 
officer  and  soldier  enlisted  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  to  serve 
three  years  or  during  the  war,  with  the  articles  of  clothing  enumerated 
by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  8th  October  last,  or  other  clothing 
of  equal  value,  notwithstanding  the  same  cost  more  than  20  dollars. 

June  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  1.  That  for  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United  States  with 
provisions,  one  Commissary-General  and  four  deputy  commissaries- 
general  of  purchases,  and  one  commissary -general  and  three  deputy 
commissaries-general  of  issues,  be  appointed  by  Congress. 

II.  That  each  of  the  said  commissaries  and  deputy  commissaries  be 
authorized  to  appoint  for  himself  one  clerk. 

III.  That  the  deputy  commissaries-general  have  authority  to  appoint 
as  many  assistant  commissaries  to  act  under  them  as  may  from  time  to 
time  be  necessary,  and  the  same  to  displace  at  pleasure,  making  returns 
thereof  to  the  commissaries-general,  respectively,  who  shall  have  full 
power  to  limit  their  numbers,  to  displace  such  as  they  shall  think  disquali- 
fied for  the  trust,  and  direct  their  respective  deputy  commissaries-gen- 
eral to  appoint  others  in  their  stead;  that  special  care  be  taken  by  the 
officers  empowered  as  aforesaid  to  appoint  none  but  persons  of  prob- 
ity, capacity,  vigilance,  and  attachment  to  the  United  States,  and  the 
cause  they  are  engaged  in,  and  to  make  returns  to  the  Board  of  War, 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  aud  the  commander  of  the  respective  depart- 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  255 

ments,  of  the  assistant  commissaries  by  them  respectively  appointed, 
their  several  places  of  abode,  the  time  of  their  appointment  and  dis- 
mission, and  the  post,  place,  magazine,  or  district  to  which  they  are 
severally  assigned;  and  that  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  pur- 
chases and  issues  in  the  same  district  make  similar  returns  to  each 
other. 

IV.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall  superintend  the 
deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases,  and  assign  to  each  a  separate 
district,  who  shall  constantly  reside  therein,  and  not  make  any  pur- 
chases beyond  the  limits  thereof;  and  every  purchaser  employed  therein 
shall  also  have  a  certain  district  assigned  to  him  by  the  respective 
deputy  commissary -general,  in  which  he  shall  reside,  and  be}Tond  the 
limits  of  which  he  shall  not  be  permitted  to  make  any  purchases,  unless 
by  special  order  of  his  superior,  directing  the  quantity  and  quality  of 
provisions  so  to  be  purchased  beyond  his  limits,  and  informing  such 
purchaser  of  the  prices  given  by  the  stationed  purchaser  in  the  district 
to  which  he  may  be  sent. 

V.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall  direct  the  deputy 
commissaries-general  in  their  respective  districts  to  inform  themselves 
and  assistant,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  of  the  prices  for  which  the  articles 
which  they  are  to  procure  may  be  purchased,  and  that  neither  they 
nor  any  of  the  said  assistants  employed  under  their  direction  exceed 
such  prices;  and  if  anj^  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall 
neglect  his  duty,  or  be  guilty  of  any  fraud  or  misconduct  in  his  office, 
the  Commissary-General  may  suspend  him,  and  shall  immediately  cer- 
tify the  same  to  Congress,  with  the  reasons  for  such  suspension,  and 
appoint  a  person  to  act  in  his  stead,  with  all  the  powers  of  a  deputy 
commissary -general,  until  the  sense  of  Congress  shall  be  known  thereon. 

VI.  That  the  present  Commissary-General,  by  himself  or  his  depu- 
ties, deliver  unto  the  commissar}^ -general  of  issues,  or  his  deputies  or 
assistants,  all  and  every  kind  of  provisions  and  other  public  stores  in 
the  Commissary-General's  Department,  that  are  now,  or  at  the  time 
such  delivery  shall  be  made,  may  be,  in  any  of  the  posts,  places,  mag- 
azines, and  storehouses  belonging  to  the  United  States,  taking  dupli- 
cate receipts  for  the  same,  one  set  whereof,  together  with  a  general 
return  of  all  stores  so  delivered,  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  of  Treasury, 
that  the  commissary-general  of  issues  may  be  charged  therewith. 

VII.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissary-general  of  pur- 
chases, with  the  assistance  of  the  deputy  commissaries-general  and 
assistant  commissaries-general  of  purchases,  to  purchase  all  provisions 
and  other  necessaries  allowed,  or  which  may  hereafter  be  allowed  by 
(  ongress  to  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  deliver  the  same  to 
the  commissary -general  of  issues  or  his  deputies  or  assistants  in  such 
quantities,  and  at  such  places  or  magazines  as  the  Commander  in  Chief 
or  the  commander  in  the  respective  department  shall  direct. 

VIII.  That  the  commissary-general  of  issues  shall  direct  the  respec- 
tive deputy  commissaries-general  to  station  one  of  their  assistants  at 
every  fort,  post,  place,  or  magazine  where  provisions  are  or  may  be 
stored. 

IX.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall  furnish  each  of 
the  deputy  commissaries-general  and  assistants  with  a  hook  in  which 
i-  to  be  entered  every  purchase  by  them  respectively  made,  and  that 
all  the  accounts  may  be  kept  in  the  same  form,  he  shall  cause  the 
pages  of  such  book  to  be  divided  into  ten  columns — in  the  first  of 


256       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

which  shall  be  entered  the  year,  month,  and  day  in  which  any  purchase 
is  made;  in  the  second,  the  names  of  the  persons  from  whom;  in  the 
third,  in  what  place;  in  the  fourth,  the  species  and  quantity  of  pro- 
visions, and  if  live  stock,  the  number,  color,  and  natural  marks;  in 
the  fifth,  the  artificial  marks  and  number;  in  the  sixth,  the  prices;  in 
the  seventh,  the  amount  of  the  purchase  money;  in  the  eighth,  ninth, 
and  tenth,  the  weight  of  the  meat,  hides,  and  tallow  of  the  live  stock, 
as  hereafter  directed;  and  the  commissary-general  of  issues  shall  fur- 
nish each  of  the  issuing  deputy  commissaries-general  and  assistants 
with  a  similar  book,  in  which  shall  be  entered  all  provisions  received 
by  them  from  the  purchasers,  respectively,  the  first  column  to  contain 
the  time  of  receiving  such  provisions;  the  second,  the  name  of  the  pur- 
chaser, and  in  each  of  the  other  columns  the  entries  before  directed. 

X.  That  each  purchaser  shall  enter,  in  different  pages  of  the  said 
book,  each  species  of  provisions  by  him  purchased,  and,  at  the  end  of 
every  month,  shall  foot  and  transfer  the  said  entries  to  a  general 
account,  specifying  the  quantity,  amount,  and  average  cost  of  each 
article,  and  shall  also,  in  the  course  of  the  next  succeeding  month,  send 
a  copy  of  such  account  to  the  respective  deputy  commissaries-general, 
who  shall  thereupon  make  out  a  monthly  return  of  all  the  provisions 
purchased  in  his  district,  specifying  the  quantity,  amount,  and  average 
cost  of  each  species,  as  before  directed,  together  with  a  copy  of  each 
purchaser's  accounts,  to  the  board  of  war  and  commissary-general  of 
purchases  within  the  time  limited  as  aforesaid. 

XI.  That  the  purchasing  commissaries  shall  deliver  live  stock  and 
other  provisions  required  by  the  commissary  or  several  deputy  com- 
missaries-general of  issues  at  such  place  as  they  shall  respectively 
direct. 

XII.  That  the  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  in  each  dis- 
trict shall  specially  appoint  one  or  more  assistants  to  purchase  live 
stock,  who  shall  cause  to  be  branded  on  the  horns  of  all  cattle  by  them 
purchased  the  number  and  initial  letter  of  their  names,  respectively, 
and  shall  also  have  power  to  employ  drovers  and  a  person  at  each 
place  to  which  they  may  respectively  be  directed  to  send  cattle,  to 
receive,  kill,  and  deliver  the  same,  as  hereafter  directed. 

XIII.  That  each  drove  of  live  stock,  or  quantity  of  provisions,  or 
other  stores  that  may  be  sent  to  an}r  post,  place,  or  magazine  by  any 
purchaser  shall  be  accompanied  with  duplicate  invoices  taken  from 
the  entries  directed  to  be  made  in  the  books  of  the  purchasing  com- 
missaries, one  of  which,  together  with  the  live  stock  or  other  stores, 
shall  be  delivered  at  such  post,  place,  or  magazine,  to  the  person 
appointed  to  receive  live  stock  or  to  the  issuing  commissaries,  respec- 
tively, who,  on  the  other  hand,  shall  give  his  receipt  for  the  articles 
received,  to  be  transmitted  to  the  purchaser  by  the  person  delivering 
the  eaid  articles:  Provided,  That  if  any  live  stock  under  the  care  of 
the  drover  shall  be  wanted  at  any  other  post  than  that  to  which  they 
were  ordered  the  purchaser's  deputy  at  such  post  may  detain  them, 
taking  a  copy  of  the  invoice  as  far  as  it  respects  the  live  stock  detained 
and  giving  nis  receipt  for  the  same  on  the  back  of  the  said  invoice, 
specifying  their  marks  and  numbers,  and  the  person  to  whom  the 
residue  may  be  delivered  shall  give  his  receipt  therefor  on  the  same 
invoice,  and  detain  the  other  for  his  use  as  aforesaid. 

XIV.  That  each  drove  of  live  stock  shall  be  killed  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  purchaser's  deputy  receiving  the  same,  who  shall  weigh  and 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  257 

deliver  the  meat  to  the  commissary  of  issues  of  the  respective  posts, 
together  with  duplicates  of  the  invoice  left  by  the  drover,  entering  in 
the  eighth  column  the  weight  of  the  quarters  of  the  several  creatures; 
in  the  ninth,  the  weight  of  the  hide;  in  the  tenth,  the  weight  of  the 
tallow,  and  at  the  foot  of  each  invoice  the  number  of  neads  and 
tongues;  and  the  commissary  of  issues  shall  indorse  his  receipt  on  one 
of  the  invoices  and  deliver  it  to  the  deputy  aforesaid,  who  shall  return 
it  to  the  purchaser  as  his  voucher  and  to  enable  him  to  fill  up  the 
eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  columns  of  the  entries  in  his  book,  and  the 
other  shall  be  kept  by  the  issuing  commissary  for  his  own  use. 

XV.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall  contract,  by 
himself  or  the  respective  deputy  commissaries-general,  with  one  or 
more  persons  in  each  district  to  make  or  supply  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  vinegar  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

XVI.  That  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases  take  special 
care  to  procure  full  supplies  of  vegetables,  as  being  essentially  neces- 
sary to  the  health  of  the  Army;  and  they  are  respectively  empowered 
and  directed,  with  the  advice  of  the  commander  in  chief  or  commander 
of  the  respective  district,  to  hire  land  therein,  and  raise  such  quanti- 
ties of  vegetables  as  are  wanted  and  can  not  be  otherwise  procured  for 
the  Army;  and  for  this  purpose  to  employ  suitable  persons  to  conduct 
and  laborers  to  assist  in  carrying  on  the  said  business. 

XVII.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall,  from  time 
to  time,  apply  to  Congress  for  all  the  money  wanted  in  his  depart- 
ment, and  shall  make  the  necessary  advances  to  the  respective  deputy 
commissaries-general,  calling  them  to  account  as  often  as  he  shall  judge 
it  necessary;  and  the  deputy  commissaries-general  shall,  in  like  man- 
ner, make  advances  of  the  money  received  of  the  said  commissary- 
general  to  their  respective  assistants,  and  call  them  to  account  as 
aforesaid. 

XVIII.  That  the  commissary  and  deputy  commissaries-general  of 
purchases  and  issues  shall  respectively  be  accountable  for  the  conduct 
of  the  officers  of  their  own  appointment,  and  all  the  accounts  of  pur- 
chases and  issues  shall,  once  in  six  months,  be  settled  by  the  respective 
commissaries-general  with  the  proper  commissioners  of  accounts; 
each  account  of  purchases  to  be  vouched  by  the  several  bills  and 
receipts  of  the  venders,  specifying  the  cost,  and  the  receipts  of  the 
i -suing  commissaries,  showing  the  delivery  of  all  articles  therein 
charged;  and  each  account  of  issues  by  the  victualling  returns  here- 
after directed  to  be  made,  and  receipts  for  all  provisions  charged 
therein  as  rations,  or  sent  by  the  respective  issuing  commissary  to  any 
other;  and  the  commissaries-general  shall  produce  the  monthly  returns 
of  the  several  purchasing  ana  issuing  commissaries,  to  be  used  by  the 
commissioners  in  adjusting  their  respective  accounts. 

XIX.  That  the  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  issues  and 
their  respective  deputies,  for  neglect  of  duty  or  other  offences  in  their 
respective  offices,  shall  be  subject  to  military  arrest  and  trial,  by  order 
of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  any  general  officer  commanding  a  divi- 
sion of  the  Army,  post,  or  department  where  such  neglect  of  duty  or 
offence  may  happen;  and  the  respective  assistants  of  the  deputy  com- 
missaries-general of  purchases  and  issues  shall,  for  the  same  causes,  be 
liable  to  military  arrest  as  commissioned  officers  in  the  Army  by  any 
general  officer  or  any  officer  commanding  a  detached  post  to  which  such 
assistants  may  !><•  assigned. 

S.  Doc.  229 17 


258       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

XX.  That  the  commissaiy -general  of  issues  shall  superintend  the 
respective  deputy  commissaries-general  and  assign  to  each  a  separate 
district,  and  have  full  powers  to  suspend  them  and  appoint  others  for 
a  time,  as  already  appointed  for  the  commissary -general  of  purchases. 

XXI.  That  every  issuing  commissary  shall  enter  in  distinct  pages 
of  the  book  mentioned  in  the  ninth  article  each  species  of  provisions 
or  other  stores  received  by  him,  including  the  provisions  delivered  by 
other  issuing  commissaries  or  the  present  Commissary-General,  and  the 
same  entries  shall  be  made  with  respect  to  these  as  therein  are  directed 
when  provisions  are  received  from  the  purchasers,  excepting  that  the 
prices  and  cost  of  articles  delivered  by  the  said  commissaries  may  be 
omitted. 

XXII.  That  every  issuing  commissary  shall  be  furnished  with  a  book 
of  issues,  in  which  he  shall  open  a  separate  account  with  each  regiment, 
corps,  or  detachment  to  which  he  may  issue  or  commissaiy  to  which 
he  may  send  or  deliver  provisions;  and  each  page  thereof  shall  be 
divided  into  columns,  in  the  first  of  which  shall  be  entered  the  time  of 
delivery,  in  the  second  the  name  of  the  officer  upon  whose  return  pro- 
visions are  issued  or  by  whom  sent  to  any  other  issuing  commissary, 
in  the  third  the  number  of  rations,  and  in  other  separate  columns  the 
several  quantities  of  each  species  of  provisions  delivered  as  rations  or 
sent  to  the  commissaries  as  aforesaid.  And  on  the  last  day  of  every 
month  he  shall  foot  the  said  accounts  and  also  all  the  accounts  of  provi- 
sions received  and  entered  in  the  book  mentioned  in  the  preceding 
article. 

XXIII.  That  every  issuing  commissary  shall  take  duplicate  receipts 
for  each  quantity  of  provisions  and  stores  by  him  sent  to  an}T  post, 
place,  or  magazine,  agreeably  to  the  form  of  the  entries  directed  to  be 
made  in  the  book  of  issues,  one  of  which  he  shall  deliver  to  the  officer 
or  person  employed  to  deliver  said  provisions  or  stores;  and  the  issu- 
ing- commissary  at  such  post,  place,  or  magazine,  or  at  any  intermediate 
post,  who  may  receive  such  provisions  or  stores  or  any  part  thereof, 
shall  certify  the  quantity  on  the  back  of  the  said  receipt,  which  the 
officer  or  person  who  delivered  the  provisions  shall  return  to  the  com- 
missary that  sent  them  as  his  voucher;  and  in  cases  of  deficiency  the 
commissary  who  sent  the  provisions  shall  credit  the  commissary  to 
whom  they  were  directed  for  the  quantity  lost,  if  the  same  has  been 
placed  to  his  debit,  and  shall  charge  twice  the  amount  thereof  to  the 
account  of  the  officer  or  person  employed  to  deliver  it,  and  shall  also 
transmit  a  copy  of  the  said  account  to  the  paymaster  or  deputy  pay 
master-general  in  the  district,  who  shall  send  to  the  issuing  commissary 
a  receipt  for  such  account,  to  be  produced  by  him  on  settlement,  and 
shall  also  deduct  the  amount  thereof  from  the  pay  of  the  delinquent 
and  credit  the  United  States  therefor:  Provided,  That  if  any  provi 
sions  or  stores  shall  be  lost  by  unavoidable  accident  and  the  same  i. 
proved  by  sworn  evidences  before  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post 
from  or  to  which  such  provisions  or  stores  were  sent,  his  certificate, 
with  the  proof  annexed,  shall  authorize  the  commissary  to  cancel  such 
charge. 

XXIV.  That  no  provisions  be  issued  to  any  person  but  by  the  writ- 
ten order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  the  commander  of  any  depart- 
ment, the  Quartermaster-General,  any  of  his  deputies  or  assistants,  the 
commanding  officer  of  a  post,  describing  the  person  in  whose  favor 
such  order  shall  be  given,  or  upon  a  return  signed  by  the  commanding 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  259 

officer  of  a  corps  or  detachment  thereof,  whether  commissioned  or  non- 
commissioned, or  by  the  regimental  quartermaster. 

XXV.  That  when  any  troops  are  ordered  to  quit  a  post  and  the  issu- 
ing commissary  remains  at  such  post,  the  respective  commanding 
officers  of  the  several  regiments  or  corps  shall  call  on  the  issuing  com- 
missary for  a  certificate  specifying  the  day  to  which  they  were  vict- 
ualled, inclusively;  and  in  case  detachments  of  different  regiments  or 
corps  are  made,  the  commanding  officer  of  such  detachments  shall  pro- 
cure a  certificate  from  the  commissary,  in  which  shall  be  inserted  the 
days  to  which  the  different  troops  of  which  his  detachment  may  be 
composed  were  victualled,  and  the  next  and  every  subsequent  provision 
return  for  such  detachment  shall  distinguish  the  corps  out  of  which  it 
is  formed  and  the  number  of  each  corps,  to  the  end  that  the  commissary 
may  charge  each  corps  with  the  provision  issued  to  it;  and  if  any  com- 
missary at  an}'  other  post  shall  victual  any  corps  or  detachment  com- 
prehended in  the  foregoing  description  before  such  certificates  are 
produced  he  shall  charge  the  officer  commanding  the  same  with  twenty 
da}Ts'  provision  for  the  whole  number  of  men  under  his  care  and  make 
return  thereof  to  the  Paymaster-General  or  deputy  paymaster-general 
in  the  district,  who  shall  make  the  proper  stoppages,  and  also  to  the 
Board  of  Treasury,  who  shall  charge  him  therefor:  Provided,  That  if 
such  certificates  be  procured  and  delivered  within  thirty  days  after  the 
first  drawing  of  such  provisions  without  certificate,  the  Commissary- 
General  shall  cancel  the  charge,  keeping  the  certificate  as  a  voucher 
for  so  doing:  Provided  also,  That  notwithstanding  such  certificate 
may  be  produced,  if  it  shall  appear  that  the  officer  commanding  any 
corps  or  detachment  has  drawn  more  provision  than  the  corps  or 
detachment  was  entitled  to,  he  shall  stand  charged  the  double  quantity 
so  overdrawn. 

XXVI.  That  every  issuing  commissary  shall  take  receipts  for  the 
number  of  rations  and  for  so  much  of  every  species  of  provisions  as 
he  may  issue. 

XXVII.  That  every  issuing  commissary,  on  the  last  drawing  day 
preceding  the  last  drawing  day  of  every  month,  shall  victual  the  troops 
up  to  the  last  day  of  the  month,  inclusive;  and  if  provisions  should  be 
ordered  for  troops  going  on  detachments,  for  such  time  as  would  run 
beyond  that  day,  two  returns  shall  be  made  out,  one  to  the  last  day  of 
the  month,  inclusive,  and  one  from  the  first  day  of  the  month,  inclusive, 
to  the  time  ordered. 

XXVIII.  That  every  issuing  commissary  shall  number  the  provi- 
sion returns,  and  endorse  the  same  with  the  date  thereof  and  the 
number  of  men  victualled,  and  put  the  returns  of  each  detachment  or 
corps  on  separate  files,  each  to  contain  the  returns  of  a  month  for  such 
corps  or  detachment. 

XXIX.  That  wherever  any  capital  magazine  shall  be  established, 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of  the  department, 
shall  order  storehouses  to  be  built,  and  a  barrack  for  fifty  men,  and 
the  same  to  be  enclosed  with  a  stockade. 

XXX.  That  whenever  any  provisions  or  stores  in  any  of  the  maga- 
zines become  so  damaged  as  to  threaten  a  total  loss  of  all  such  damaged 
provisions,  tin;  commissary  of  issues  to  whose  care  such  provisions 
may  be  committed  shall  make  return  thereof  immediately  to  the 
deputy  commissary-general  of  issues,  who  is  to  apply  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  or  some  general  officer,  to  order  a  court  of  enquiry, 


260       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

who  shall  thereupon  grant  one,  and  such  provisions  as  may  by  the 
court  be  condemned  shall  be  sold  at  public  vendue,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues,  public  notice  being 
given  of  such  sale  by  advertisements  at  least  ten  days  before  the  day 
of  sale,  unless  the  court  should  determine  that  the  same  ought  to  be 
sold  at  an  earlier  day. 

XXXI.  That  every  assistant  commissary  of  issues  shall,  within  six 
days  after  the  last  day  of  every  month,  make  a  return  to  the  deputy 
commissary -general  of  the  district  of  all  provisions  and  stores  in  his 
magazine  or  store  at  the  last  preceding  return;  of  all  provisions  by 
him  received  in  the  preceding  month;  from  whom  and  whence;  of 
what  he  has  issued,  specifying  the  regiment  and  corps  and  the  number 
of  rations  and  the  quantity  of  each  species  of  provisions  drawn  by  the 
same,  and  of  what  remains  in  store. 

XXXII.  That  each  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues  shall,  from 
the  monthly  returns  of  the  assistant  commissaries,  make  out  a  general 
return  for  the  district,  specifying  what  remained  in  the  magazines  or 
stores  at  the  last  return,  what  has  been  received  since,  the  number  of 
rations  and  quantity  of  provisions  issued,  and  what  remains  in  store, 
distinguishing  the  several  posts,  places,  magazines,  and  regiments,  or 
corps  as  aforesaid;  one  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  of  War,  one  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  one  to  the  commander  of  the  department,  one  to  the 
commissary -general  of  purchases,  and  one  to  the  commissary-general 
of  issues. 

XXXIII.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  and  commis- 
sary-general of  issues,  each  in  his  own  department,  make  a  general 
monthly  return  to  the  Board  of  War,  the  Commander  in  Chief,  and  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  respective  districts,  and  take  special  care 
constantly  to  provide  and  furnish  each  of  the  officers  under  him  with 
printed  forms  of  the  books,  invoices,  receipts,  and  returns  to  be  used 
by  them  respectively,  agreeable  to  these  resolves. 

XXXIV.  That  no  returns  of  rations  drawn  or  returned  by  the  sev- 
eral regiments  be  hereafter  made  by  the  issuing  commissaries  to  the 
commissary-general  of  musters,  or  by  him  to  the  Adjutant-General, 
or  by  the  Adjutant-General  to  the  Board  of  War,  as  directed  in  the 
regulations  in  the  muster-master-general's  department  passed  by  Con- 
gress the  4th  day  of  April  last. 

XXXV.  That  the  commissaries-general  and  the  respective  officers 
under  them  apply  to  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  respective  offi- 
cers for  wagons,  teams,  and  horses  wanted  in  the  several  districts;  and 
if  at  any  time  it  shall  be  necessary  to  hire  the  same  they  are  not  to 
exceed  the  rates  stipulated  by  Congress  or  the  Quartermaster-General 
aforesaid. 

XXXVI.  That  all  persons  employed  to  purchase  for  the  United 
States  any  articles  in  the  several  departments  of  the  commissary-gen- 
eral of  purchases,  quartermaster,  director,  or  clothier  general,  or  the 
commissary -general  of  military  stores  shall  previously  apply  to  them 
or  the  principal  officers  under  them,  respectively,  for  certificates  of 
the  several  prices  by  them  allowed  for  such  articles,  and  shall  not,  on 
any  pretence  whatsoever,  exceed  such  prices.  And  it  is  recommended 
to  the  several  States  to  give  their  purchasers,  respectively,  similar 
directions. 

XXXVII.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  from  time  to 
time  provide  sufficient  quantities  of  salt  and  deliver  it  to  the  commis- 
sary-general of  issues  or  the  respective  officers  under  him,  who  are 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  261 

directed  to  issue  to  the  troops  only  such  quantities  and  in  such  manner 
as  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commander  of  the  respective  district 
shall  direct.  And  the  commissary-general  of  issues  shall  direct  the 
respective  deputy  commissaries-general  to  employ  a  suitable  number 
of  coopers  and  packers,  who  shall  salt  and  pack  provisions  at  the  sev- 
eral magazines  and  stores  and  take  the  proper  precautions  with  respect 
to  all  provisions  therein  deposited. 

XXXVIII.  And  whereas  great  confusion  hath  arisen  from  the  man- 
ner in  which  officers  and  soldiers  have  been  paid  for  rations  and  parts 
of  rations  allowed  to  but  not  drawn  by  them,  respectively: 

Resolved,  That  the  parts  of  a  ration  be  estimated  as  follows,  viz: 
For  the  daily  allowance  of  beef,  pork,  or  fish,  4-90th  of  a  dollar;  of 
bread  or  flour,  2-90th;  of  peas  or  beans,  l-90th;  of  milk,  l-90th;  of 
beer,  l-90th;  of  rice,  one-half  of  l-90th;  and  of  soap,  one-half  of  l-90th, 
making  in  the  whole  10-90ths  of  a  dollar  for  each  ration;  and  that  for 
the  future  the  quarteamaster,  or  other  person  drawing  provision  for 
any  regiment,  corps,  or  detachment,  shall,  on  the  last  day  of  every 
month,  make  out  an  abstract  of  the  number  of  retained  rations  due  to 
each  officer,  respectively,  and  also  the  number  of  each  part  of  ration 
due  to  such  regiment,  corps,  or  detachment,  and  deliver  the  same  to 
the  respective  issuing  commissary,  who  shall  compare  it  with  his  books, 
and,  finding  it  right,  shall  certify  thereon  that  the  several  charges  in 
the  abstract  are  just,  and  that  such  a  sum  as  he  shall  find  to  be  due 
shall  be  paid  to  the  respective  paymaster  of  the  regiment,  corps,  or 
detachment,  who  shall  annex  the  said  abstract  to  the  pay  roll;  that  the 

Paymaster  or  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the  district  may  pay,  and 
e  is  hereby  required  to  pay,  such  ration  abstract  to  the  regimental 
pay  master,  who  is  directed  to  pay  the  respective  officers  and  soldiers 
and  take  their  receipts.  And  when  any  regiment,  corps,  or  detach- 
ment or  issuing  commissary  is  ordered  to  leave  a  post  before  the  end 
of  the  month  the  ration  abstract  shall  be  made  up  to  the  day  of  his  or 
their  leaving  the  post,  and  certified  by  the  commissary  as  aforesaid. 

XXXI X.  That  the  commissary  of  issues  at  every  post  where  cattle 
are  killed  for  the  use  of  the  Army  appoint  a  careful  person  to  take 
charge  of  the  hides  and  tallow,  to  see  that  the  former  are  properly 
dried  and  that  the  latter  is  properly  rendered,  and  that  both  are  dis- 
posed of  as  the  commissary-general  of  issues,  by  order  of  Congress, 
shall  direct. 

XL.  That  the  commissary  and  deput}^  commissaries-general  of  pur- 
chases in  each  department  and  every  purchaser  employed  under  them 
shall  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  United  States.     .     .     . 

XLI.  That  the  commissary  and  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues 
in  each  department  and  every  issuing  commissary  employed  under 
them  shall  take  the  said  oath  of  fidelity.     .     .     . 

'  June  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall  keep  his 
office  in  the  place  where  Congress  shall  sit,  and  that  he  or  his  clerk 
constantly  attend  therein. 

June  13,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  agents  for  the  United  States  in  Europe 
and  the  West  Indies  be  directed  and  enabled  by  the  secret  committee 
to  effect  the  importation  of  salt  into  these  States,  on  account  of  the 


262       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

United  States,  b}T  all  vessels  bound  for  America,  subject  to  such  regu- 
lations and  restrictions  as  the  secret  committee  may  direct; 

That  it  be  an  instruction  to  all  masters  of  vessels  taking  on  board 
cargoes  for  America  on  account  of  the  United  States,  if  possible,  to 
ballast  the  vessels  with  salt,  unless  otherwise  specially  ordered; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  States  to  erect  and  encourage, 
in  the  most  liberal  and  effectual  manner,  proper  works  for  the  making 
of  salt. 

June  16,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  and  allowance  to  the  commissar ies-general, 
deputy  commissaries-general,  assistants,  and  persons  employed  under 
them  be  as  follows,  to  wit: 

To  the  commissaiy -general  of  purchases,  8  dollars  and  six  rations  a 
day; 

To  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases,  each  5  dollars  and 
four  rations  a  day; 

To  the  assistant  commissaries  of  purchases,  each  4  dollars  per  day; 

To  the  commissary-general  of  issues,  150  dollars  a  month  and  six 
rations  a  dajT; 

To  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  issues,  each  75  dollars  a 
month  and  four  rations  a  day; 

To  the  assistant  commissaries  of  issues,  each  40  dollars  a  month  and 
two  rations  a  day; 

To  the  clerks  of  the  commissaries-general  and  deputy  commissaries- 
general,  each  35  dollars  a  month  and  two  rations  a  day; 

^o  such  deputies  as  purchasers  of  live  stock  are  empowered  to 
employ,  for  receiving  the  same  at  the  several  posts,  each  27  dollars  a 
month  and  two  rations  a  day  while  in  such  service. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  empowered 
to  regulate  the  pay  of  drovers  and  butchers  and  transmit  such  regula- 
tions to  Congress; 

That  the  commissary -general  of  issues  in  like  manner  be  empowered 
to  regulate  and  transmit  to  Congress  the  pay  of  coopers,  packers,  and 
other  persons  he  may  find  necessary  to  be  employed  in  such  kind  of 
services. 

June  17,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  clothing  be  directed  to 
supply  the  Army  with  a  sufficient  number  of  combs. 

June  17,  1777. — The  Clothier-General  having  reported  that  he  finds  himself  em- 
barrassed and  perplexed  by  the  occasional  interferences  of  some  States  who  appro- 
priate clothing,  and  other  necessaries  imported  for  or  purchased  on  account  of  the 
continent,  Congress  passed  a  resolution  that  the  several  continental  agents  in  the 
different  States  be  directed  to  deliver  out  no  clothing  except  on  the  express  order  of 
the  Commissary-General  or  his  agents,  and  that  he  be  furnished  with  an  account  of 
all  clothing  that  may  be  imported  as  expeditiously  as  possible  after  its  arrival. 

June  18,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  commissaries  and  deputy 
commissaries  general  of  purchases  and  issues,  the  nominations  having 
been  previously  made;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken,  the  following 
gentlemen  were  elected,  viz: 

Joseph  Trumbull,  esq.,  commissary-general  of  purchases;  William 
Aylett,  William  Buchanan,  Jacob  Cuyler,  and  Jeremiah  Wadsworth, 
esqs.,  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases; 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  263 

Charles  Stewart,  esq.,  commissary  -general  of  issues; 
William  Green  Mumford,  Matthew  Irwin,  and  Elisha  Avery,  esqs., 
deputy  commissaries-general  of  issues. 

June  20,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  suitable  person  be  appointed  commissary  to  receive 
all  rawhides  belonging  to  the  United  States,  and  that  he  be  authorized 
to  exchange  the  same  for  tanned  leather  or  men's  shoes,  at  the  cus- 
tomary rates  of  exchange,  and  have  the  leather  so  obtained  worked 
into  shoes  and  deliver  them  to  the  Clothier-General  or  his  order,  taking 
duplicate  receipts,  which  he  shall  transmit  to  the  Board  of  Treasury; 

That  when  the  said  commissary  shall  be  of  opinion  that  the  said 
exchanges  can  not  be  made  on  reasonable  terms  he  be  authorized  to 
-provide  tanyards,  materials,  and  workmen  for  that  purpose,  or  contract 
with  proper  persons  to  tan  them  on  reasonable  terms; 

That  if  oil  can  not  be  procured  for  preparing  the  curried  leather, 
the  said  commissary  be  supplied  with  tallow  out  of  the  public  stores 
to  be  used  instead  thereof,  and  that  he  draw  for  so  much  as  may  be 
necessary  on  any  of  the  commissaries  of  issues,  making  a  return  of  the 
quantity  so  drawn  to  the  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  in  the 
district; 

That  the  said  commissar}'  of  hides  shall  be  supplied  with  money  for 
carrying  on  the  said  business,  as  occasion  may  require,  on  application 
to  Congress,  and  that  he  settles  his  accounts  with  the  Treasury  Board 
once  a  year,  or  oftener,  if  required. 

That  the  Board  of  War  may  order  the  commissary  of  hides  to  deliver 
to  the  commissary  of  military  stores  so  much  of  the  leather  in  his 
hands  as  may  be  necessary  for  making  accoutrements,  etc.,  for  the 
Army;  and  that  the  said  commissary  shall  obey  such  orders  and  direc- 
tions as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  given  to  him  by  the  Board  of  War 
respecting  the  business  of  his  office  and  the  persons  necessary  to  be 
employed  by  him  in  the  service,  and  make  returns  of  his  doings  to  the 
said  board  when  required. 

That  the  secret  committee  import  a  suitable  number  of  felt  hats,  not 
exceeding  50,000,  and  linen  for  as  many  shirts,  for  the  use  of  the  Army, 
and  also  import  from  the  Spanish  West  Indies  such  a  quantity  of  dried 
hides  as  they  may  judge  necessary  for  a  further  supply  of  leather  for 
shoes  and  other  public  uses. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  government  of  the  several  States  to 
procure  as  much  homemade  linen,  suitable  for  shirts  for  the  troops, 
;i-  may  be  obtained  on  reasonable  terms  in  the  respective  States,  and 
deliver  the  same  to  the  Clothier-General.     .     .     . 

That  the  pay  of  the  commissary  of  hides  be  80  dollars  a  month. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary  of  hides,  and,  the 
ballots  being  taken,  Peter  Philips,  esq.,  was  elected. 

June  20,  1777. — The  "commissary  of  hides"  has  heen  considered  as  a  subordinate 
to  the  ( lommisearjM  icneral  of  Stores  and  Supplies  although,  from  the  last  paragraph 
of  his  instructions,  it  is  uncertain  whether  Congress  did  not  make  him  the  head  of 
an  independent  office. 

June  22,  1777. — The  president  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  notified  Congress  that 
John  McKallister,  a  deputy  commissary  of  issues,  having  been  charged  with  pecula- 
tion and  embezzlement  of  public  stores  and  provisions,  the  council  has  suspended 
him  from  pay  and  employment,  pending  action  of  Congress.  This  body  tendered  its 
thanks  to  the  governor  and  council,  and  requested  that  they  cause  McKallister  to  be 
prosecuted  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States. 


264       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

June  23,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Joseph  Trumbull,  esq.,  and  the  several  persons  by 
him  lately  employed  in  the  commissary's  department,  be  directed  to 
supply  the  Army  with  provisions  in  the  mode  which  they  have  hereto- 
fore practiced  until  the  commissaries-general  on  the  new  establishment 
shall  be  prepared  to  enter  upon  the  business. 

June  26,  1777. — Matthew  Irwin  declined  appointment  of  deputy  commissary- 
general  of  issues. 

July  1,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  commissary  general 
of  issues  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Irwin,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken,  Robert 
Hoops  was  elected. 

July  2, 1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases,  respec- 
tively, be  authorized  to  make  reasonable  allowances  to  such  of  the 
assistant  commissaries  as  are  employed  in  buying  and  collecting  live 
stock  for  all  extraordinary  travelling  expenses  which  they  may  be  nec- 
essarily put  to,  not  exceeding  l^d  dollar  per  day  for  such  additional 
allowance. 

That  there  be  paid  to  the  assistant  commissaries  of  issues  each  60 
dollars  a  month. 

July  7,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  William  Buchanan,  esq.,  deputy  commissary- general 
of  purchases  for  the  Middle  Department,  be  directed  to  appoint  a 
proper  person  to  supply  the  regiment  commanded  by  Colonel  Rich- 
ardson with  provisions  during  its  continuance  in  Maryland  and  the 
State  of  Delaware. 

That  in  case  Mr.  Buchanan  should  decline  acting  as  deputy  commis- 
sary for  the  department,  the  governor  and  council  of  Maryland  be 
authorized  and  requested  to  make  the  appointment  of  a  deputy  com- 
missary for  the  supplying  Colonel  Richardson's  battalion  with  pro- 
visions during  their  stay  in  Maryland  or  in  the  State  of  Delaware. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  to  appoint 
an  agent  in  the  said  State  [Georgia]  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the 
troops  there  with  clothes;     .     .     . 

That  a  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  and  a  deput}'  com- 
missary-general of  issues  of  provisions  be  appointed  in  the  said  State. 

July  23,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  to  contract  with 
bakers  to  bake  into  biscuits,  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  the  flour  which 
they  were  ordered  to  sell; 

That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  directed  to  have  the 
flour  stored  at  Yorktown,  Lancaster,  Downingtown,  and  Valley  Forge, 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  which  is  in  danger  of  perishing,  baked  into  bis- 
cuit for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

July  23,  1777. — The  superintendent  of  bakers  being  unable  to  engage  a  number  of 
journeyman  bakers,  most  of  them  being  in  the  militia,  Congress  referred  him  to  the 
supreme  executive  council  of  Pennsylvania,  recommending  to  the  latter  to  make 
details  for  this  purpose. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  265 

July  25,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  to  contract  with 
proper  persons  to  supply  the  Army  with  beer,  cyder,  vegetables,  soap, 
vinegar,  and  sour  crout. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to  increase  the 
ration  of  soap  according  to  his  discretion. 

July  29,  17T7. — Mr.  Phillips  declined  appointment  of  commissioner  of  hides. 
August    2,   1777. — Commissary-General    J.    Trumbull  asked    leave  to  resign  on 
August  20. 

August  5,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  commissary  of  hides  be  appointed  in  the  room  of 
Peter  Philips,  esq.,  who  declines  acting.     The  ballots  being  taken, 
George  Ewing  was  elected. 

*  *  * 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  Commissary's 
Department;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

William  Buchanan,  esq.,  was  elected  commissary-general  of  pur- 
chases. 

August  6,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  appointment  of  a  deputy  commissary  of 
purchases,  a  deputy  commissar y -general  of  issues:  .  .  .  Where- 
upon, 

Resolved,  That  James  Koe,  esq.,  be  [deputy]  commissary -general 
of  purchases;  John  Bohun  Garardeau,  deputy  commissary -general  of 

issues.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  Commissary's 
Department;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Ephraim  Blaine,  esq.,  was  elected  deputy  commissary -general  of 
purchases,  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Buchanan; 

Archibald  Stewart,  esq.,  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues,  in  the 
room  of  Mr.  Hoops,  who  has  resigned; 

James  Blicker,  esq.,  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues,  in  the 
room  of  Mr.  Avery,  resigned. 

Resolved,  That  in  case  Mr.  Blicker  decline  the  office,  the  command- 
ing officer  in  the  Northern  Department  be  authorized  to  aproint  another 
person  in  his  stead,  and  inform  Congress  thereof. 

Resolved,  That  another  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  be 
appointed  for  the  Eastern  Department;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Samuel  Gray,  esq.,  was  elected. 

*  *  * 

Whereas  Joseph  Trumbull,  esq.,  having  resigned  his  commission  of 
commissary -general  of  purchases  under  the  new  regulations,  has  signi- 
fied his  intention  of  discontinuing  his  service  under  the  former  estab- 
lishment on  the  20th  day  of  the  present  month;  and  whereas  the 
commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  issues  who  are  to  succeed  him 
in  office  may  not  be  prepared  with  their  respective  assistants  to  pro- 
ceed in  the  business  at  the  time  aforesaid,  and  a  failure  of  supplies  may 
be  attended  with  the  most  dangerous'  consequences: 

Resolved,  That  Jd"r.  Trumbull,  with  the  officers  under  him,  be  desired 
to  continue  in  the  business  of  supplying  the  Army  under  the  former 


266       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

establishment  until  the  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  issues 
shall  signify  their  readiness  to  proceed  therein  under  the  new  regula- 
tions, which  they  are  required  to  do  as  speedily  as  possible. 

August  7,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  issues 
be  increased  to  100  dollars  per  month,  and  the  pay  of  the  clerks  to  the 
commissaries-general  to  50  dollars  a  month. 

August  9,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  commissary-general 
of  purchases,  in  the  room  of  Jeremiah  Wadsworth,  esq.,  resigned;  and, 
the  ballots  being  taken, 

Peter  Colt,  esq.,  was  elected. 

August  11,  1777. — Mr.  Archibald  Stewart  resigned  the  office  of  deputy  commissary- 
general  of  issues. 

August  U,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  commissary -general 
of  issues;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Robert  White,  esq. ,  was  elected. 

August  28,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  forthwith  to  inform 
himself,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  of  the  number  of  blankets,  shoes,  hose, 
and  shirts  that  will  be  wanted  for  the  troops  of  the  United  States  in 
the  fall  and  winter  next  ensuing,  exclusive  of  those  now  in  store  or 
for  which  he  has  contracted;  that  he  apply  for  the  same  to  the  several 
assemblies  or  executive  authorities  of  the  States  of  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Delaware,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  inhabitants  of 
each  State,  and  send  to  each  an  attested  copy  of  this  resolve;  and  it  is 
earnestly  recommended  to  the  several  States  aforesaid  to  call  on  the 
inhabitants  of  their  respective  counties,  cities,  towns,  or  districts  to 
manufacture  or  furnish  their  proportions  of  the  said  articles;  and  the 
said  States  are  desired  to  appoint  suitable  persons  to  inspect  the  quality 
of  the  articles  thus  supplied,  and  to  order  them  to  be  delivered  to  the 
clothier's  agent  in  each  State,  who  is  hereby  directed  to  pay  for  the 
same  on  the  delivery  thereof. 

That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  forthwith  to  apply  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  commander  of  each  Continental  district  and 
inform  himself  of  the  number  of  assistant  clothiers  necessary  for  the 
Army  and  detached  parts  within  their  several  commands;  that  he 
appoint,  without  delay,  as  many  assistants  as  they  may  respectively 
judge  necessary,  and  report  their  names  to  Congress;  that  he  take 
effectual  care  to  send  to  each  assistant  a  proportion  of  the  clothing  on 
hand  and  full  supplies  as  soon  as  may  be,  ordering  the  said  assistants 
to  give  receipts  for  the  same;  that  he  be  careful  to  direct  the  several 
assistants  to  give  each  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  the  cloth- 
ing due  to  him  by  the  articles  of  enlistment  and  take  receipts,  and 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  267 

that  they  supply  the  Army  with  such  other  clothing  as  shall  be  neces- 
saiy  at  the  average  cost  and  charges  thereof;  that  he  furnish  each 
assistant  with  the  names  of  the  noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  divisions  or  corps  to  which  he  may  be  assigned  who  have 
received  the  bounty  of  clothing,  or  any  part  thereof,  and  also  with  the 
account  of  each  officer  and  soldier  in  such  division  or  corps  who  is 
indebted  to  the  United  States  for  articles  of  clothing;  that  he  direct 
each  assistant  on  the  first  daj-  of  every  month  to  render  to  the  respec- 
tive regimental  paymasters  in  the  divisions  or  corps  to  which  he  is 
assigned  particular  accounts  of  all  the  clothing  for  which  the  officers 
and  men  are  respectively  indebted;  and  the  several  regimental  pay- 
masters are  hereby  dire  cted  to  make  the  proper  stoppages  from  the 
pay  rolls  for  discharging  the  said  accounts,  and  to  deliver  th?  money 
to  the  assistant  clothiers  respectively,  taking  their  receipts  and  deliver- 
ing them  to  the  paymaster  or  deputy  paymaster-general,  to  be  filed  in 
his  office  until  required  by  the  commissioners  of  accounts  or  other 
proper  authority;  that  the  several  assistants  deliver  the  money  so 
received  to  the  clothier-general  and  account  with  him  for  all  the 
clothing  which  they  may  receive  as  aforesaid. 

August  29,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  each  assistant  clothier  be  allowed  50  dollars  a  month 
and  the  rations  of  a  captain. 

August  30,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  issuing  commissaries  be  directed  to  fur- 
nish the  director-general,  or  any  of  the  deputy  directors,  or  their 
assistants,  with  such  provisions  as  any  of  them  shall  from  time  to  time 
demand  by  an  order  in  writing  for  the  use  of  any  temporary  hospital 
which  shall  be  established,  which  order,  with  the  receipt  of  the  steward 
endorsed  thereon,  shall  be  a  sufficient  voucher  for  such  issuing  com- 
missary, who  is  also  required  to  keep  such  vouchers  separate  and  make 
a  separate  entry  of  the  same  in  his  books,  charging  the  director  who 
ordered  the  same  therewith. 

August  30,  1777. — "Information  being  given  by  the  Commissary-General  that  it  is 
at  present  impracticable  to  supply  the  Army  daily  with  hard  bread,  the  troops  are 
to  receive  soft  bread  or  flour  as  the  commissaries  shall  be  able  to  supply  them." 
{Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Wilmington.) 

September  6,  1777. 

The  Committee  on  the  Treasury  further  report,  .  .  .  and  there- 
fore it  is  the  opinion  of  the  committee  that  it  be, 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be  directed,  as  far  as  he  shall  have 
it  in  his  power,  to  furnish  all  the  noncommissioned  officers  and  privates 
in  the  service  of  the  United  States  who  have  not  yet  received  their 
bounty  of  clothing,  at  their  election,  either  with  the  several  articles 
allowed  by  Congress  in  the  resolution  of  8th  October,  1776,  or  in  lieu 
thereof,  the  following  articles,  viz: 

One  regimental  coat,  at  8  60-90ths  dollars;  one  jacket  without 
sleeves,  2  60-90ths  dollars;  one  pair  buckskin  and  two  pair  linen  or 


268       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARM?. 

woolen  breeches,  8  dollars;  one  hat  or  leather  cap,  2  60-90ths  dollars; 
two  shirts,  8  dollars;  one  hunting  shirt,  4  dollars;  two  pair  overalls, 
6  dollars;  two  pair  of  stockings,  4  dollars;  two  pair  of  shoes,  6  dollars; 
one  blanket,  6  dollars;  making  in  all,  56  dollars. 

But,  as  the  cost  of  the  articles  last  specified  exceeds  that  of  the  cloth- 
ing allowed  as  a  bounty  to  the  troops  by  8  30-90ths  dollars,  so  much 
shall  be  stopped  out  of  the  pay  of  every  noncommissioned  officer  and 
private  who  shall  be  supplied  in  the  manner  last  directed  as  will  make 
the  amount  of  clothing  he  shall  receive  equal  to  the  value  of  the  bounty 
of  clothing,  which,  upon  an  average  of  the  price  of  the  several  articles, 
is  estimated  at  47  60-90ths  dollars. 

The  said  report  and  resolves  being  read  twice,  on  the  question  put, 

Resolved,  Tnat  Congress  agree  to  the  same. 

September  12,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  directed  to 
purchase  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  he  can  30  hogsheads  of  rum, 
and  that  the  same  be  presented  to  the  Army  and  distributed  among 
the  soldiers  in  such  manner  as  the  General  shall  direct,  in  compliment  to 
the  soldiers  for  their  gallant  behavior  in  the  late  battle  of  Brandywine. 

September  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  write  to  the  governor  and  council  of 
New  Jersey  and  request  them  to  call  on  the  inhabitants  of  the  above- 
mentioned  places  (in  the  western  division  of  New  Jersey)  for  as  many 
blankets  as  can  be  spared  to  supply  the  soldiers  of  General  Washing- 
ton's arm}7,  many  of  whom  have  lost  their  blankets  in  the  late  battle 
of  Brandywine,  and  can  not  be  supplied  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  that  the  cost  of  the  said  blankets  be  defrayed  by  the  United  States. 

September  15,  1777. — Robert  White,  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues,  resigned. 

September  16,  1777. — The  Commissary-General  of  Issues  and  the  Clothier-General 
were  ordered  to  remove  to  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  or  some  other  place  of  safety  the  stores 
belonging  to  their  respective  departments  ordered  to,  or  deposited  in,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

September  17,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  authorized  and  directed 
.  .  .  to  take,  wheresoever  he  may  be,  all  such  provisions  and  other 
articles  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  comfortable  subsistence  of  the 
army  under  his  command,  paying  or  giving  certificates  for  the  same; 
.  .  .  provided  that  the  powers  hereby  vested  shall  be  exercised 
only  in  such  parts  of  those  States  as  may  be  within  the  circumference 
of  70  miles  or  the  headquarters  of  the  American  Army,  and  shall  con- 
tinue in  force  for  the  space  of  60  days,  unless  sooner  revoked  by 
Congress. 

September  27,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  cooperate  with  Gen- 
eral Washington  in  devising  and  carrying  into  execution  effectual 
measures  for  supplying  the  Army  with  .  .  .  shoes,  blankets, 
stockings,  provisions,  and  other  necessaries;  and  that  in  executing 
this  business  these  collections  be  confined,  as  much  as  circumstances 
will  admit,  to  persons  of  dissatisfied  and  equivocal  characters. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE   DEPARTMENT.  269 

October  2,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  provisions  .  .  .  and 
their  deputies,  respectively,  be  directed  to  provide  and  supply,  in  the 
places  where  Congress  may  meet,  such  articles  of  their  respective 
departments  as  may  be  required  by  the  several  members  thereof  for 
the  use  of  themselves,  their  servants,  and  horses,  the  said  members 
paA'ing  the  cost  of  the  said  articles;  and  that  this  resolution  extend  to 
the  secretaries,  treasurer,  and  the  officers  of  the  several  boards  and 
committees  of  Congress. 

October  4,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  if  the  deputy  commissary-general  of  purchases,  or  of 
issues,  appointed  for  the  eastern  district,  shall  decline  to  accept  of  or 
officiate  in  their  respective  offices,  Major  Gen.  Putnam,  the  command- 
ing officer  at  Peekskill,  or  the  commanding  officer  there  for  the  time 
being,  be  authorized  and  directed  to  appoint  suitable  persons  to  those 
respective  offices,  or  either  of  them;  and  that  Maj.  Gen.  Gates,  or  the 
commanding  officer  for  the  time  being  of  the  northern  department, 
have  similar  power  with  respect  to  the  deputy  commissary -general  of 
purchases  and  of  issues  for  the  northern  department,  and  that  they 
respectively  certify  the  names  of  the  commissaries  which  they  may 
appoint  to  Congress  for  approbation. 

Resolved,  That  every  assistant  appointed,  or  that  hereafter  may  be 
appointed  by  the  respective  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases 
and  of  issues  shall  enter  into  bond  to  the  president  of  Congress,  in  the 
penalty  of  5,000  dollars,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty;  and 
such  bond,  being  taken  by  the  deputy  commissary -general  and  lodged 
with  the  paymaster-general  or  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the  dis- 
trict, to  be  by  him  transmitted  to  the  Treasury  board,  the  deputy 
commissary-general  shall  no  longer  be  chargeable  or  accountable  for 
the  good  behavior  of  such  assistants. 

That  every  deputy  commissary -general  shall  be  authorized  to  appoint 
as  many  clerks,  not  exceeding  the  number  of  three,  as  the  respective 
commissaries-general  shall  judge  necessary,  who  are  directed  to  report 
the  same  to  Congress. 

And  whereas  it  is  represented  that  it  will  be  exceedingly  difficult  to 
comply  with  the  regulations  of  Congress  for  branding  and  numbering 
cattle  on  the  horns, 

Resolved,  That  the  purchasers  of  live  stock  be  respectively  directed 
to  adopt  such  other  mode  for  marking  the  same  as  they  shall  judge 
expedient,  and  to  transmit  to  Congress  by  the  earliest  opportunity  the 
regulations  for  that  purpose  by  them  adopted. 

That  each  of  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases  be  author- 
ized to  allow  to  the  purchasers  of  live  stock,  in  his  respective  district, 
a  longer  time  for  making  the  returns  required  by  the  10th  article  of 
the  regulations  of  the  department  of  the  commissaries  than  is  therein 
specified;  provided  such  deputy  commissary -general  shall  judge  it 
necessary  and  the  time  further  allowed  does  not  exceed  one  month. 
And  if  in  the  hurry  of  a  march  or  engagement,  or  at  any  other  time, 
any  deputy  appointed  to  receive,  kill,  and  deliver  live  stock  shall  be 
unable  to  weign  the  meat,  hides,  and  tallow  thereof  he  shall  bo  indem- 
nified from  any  charge  of  neglect  upon  producing  to  the  respective 
purchaser  of  cattle  a  certificate  from  the  commanding  officer  of  the 


270       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

army,  post,  or  detachment  of  the  fact  aforesaid;  and  such  certificate 
shall  also  excuse  the  purchaser  of  live  stock  from  producing  the  receipt 
of  the  issuing  commissary  required  by  the  14th  article  of  the  said 
regulations. 

That  it  was  never  the  intention  of  Congress  to  make  any  purchaser 
of  live  stock  or  officer  of  the  department  liable  for  unavoidable  loss 
of  all  or  any  part  of  such  live  stock,  when  such  purchaser  or  officer 
shall  make  it  appear  that  proper  care  hath  been  taken  to  prevent  such 
loss. 

October  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  issues 
and  their  deputies  and  assistants  have  power  and  authority  to  impress 
and  seize  wagons,  shallops,  and  proper  storehouses,  on  extraordinary 
occasions,  for  the  use  of  their  departments;  this  authority  to  extend 
to  the  distance  of  TO  miles  from  headquarters,  and  to  be  in  force  to 
the  1st  of  January  next,  and  no  longer;     .     .     . 

October  8,  1777. — "The  commanding  officers  of  corps  are  immediately  to  select  the 
most  suitable  of  their  men  and  set  them  to  making  mockasins  for  their  corps.  The 
commissaries  are  to  order  the  skins  of  the  heads  and  legs  of  bullocks  to  be  taken  off 
and  applied  to  that  use,  so  far  as  they  will  go.  The  commissaries  also  are  to  issue 
the  raw  hides  for  the  purpose  upon  the  returns  of  the  officers  commanding  corps." — 
{Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Perkiomy.) 

October  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  issues,  his  deputies  and 
assistants,  and  all  persons  employed  under  him  or  them,  deliver  over, 
on  demand,  to  the  commissary  of  hides,  all  hides,  tallow,  feet,  and 
offal  of  all  cattle  killed  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  taking  a  receipt  for 
the  same,  any  order  or  direction  of  any  person  or  persons  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding. 

That  the  said  commissary  of  hides  be  supplied  with  money  for  car- 
rying on  the  business  of  his  department,  from  time  to  time,  upon  his 
application  to  Congress,  and  that  he  shall  settle  his  accounts  once  a 
year  or  oftener,  if  required,  with  the  Treasury  board. 

That  he  or  his  deputies  at  any  principal  department  or  post  be 
authorized  to  hire  or  impress  one  or  more  wagons  or  carriages  for  the 
use  of  his  department,  as  occasion  may  require,  which  shall  not  be 
subject  to  be  impressed  for  any  other  service  by  any  officer  of  the 
Army,  unless  by  special  direction  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  for  the 
time  being;  and  if  any  officer  shall  (except  as  before  excepted),  on  any 
pretense  whatsoever,  impress,  without  his  consent,  any  wagon,  cart, 
or  carriage  in  the  service  of  the  said  commissary  of  hides,  he  shall 
immediately,  on  application  to  the  commanding  officer  nearest  the 
place  where  the  transaction  happens,  be  put  under  arrest,  be  liable  to 
pay  all  loss  the  State  sustain  by  such  impressment,  and  suffer  such 
other  punishment  as  shall  be  deemed  proper  by  a  court-martial. 

That  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commanding  officer  of  any 
department,  post,  or  detachment  be  directed  to  supply  the  commissary- 
general  of  hides  and  his  respective  deputies  with  guards  for  their 
wagons  when  the  said  commissary  shall  apply  for  the  same  and  they 
shall  appear  to  be  necessary. 

That  the  said  commissary  of  hides  shall  make  a  return  once  in  every 
three  months  to  the  Board  of  War  of  his  whole  transactions,  specifying 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  271 

the  number  of  workmen  employed,  the  quantities  of  hides  on  hand, 
the  quantities  exchanged  for  leather  anc^shoes,  what  quantity  is  made 
up  into  shoes,  and  what  otherwise  disposed  of;  and  to  enable  him  to  do 
this  his  deputies  and  assistants,  whose  names,  occupations,  and  pay  or 
wages  he  is  also  to  return,  shall  make  monthly  returns  to  the  said 
commissary  of  hides. 

That  the  said  commissary  of  hides  shall  receive  and  take  care  of  the 
tallow  and  all  other  useful  offal  of  the  cattle  belonging  to  the  United 
States,  and  see  that  the  said  tallow  is  properly  rendered  and  made  fit 
to  be  manufactured  into  candles  and  soap  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  and 
shall  deliver  the  said  tallow,  so  rendered,  to  the  commissary -general 
of  purchases,  or  his  order,  taking  receipts  for  the  same,  reserving  so 
much  of  the  said  tallow  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  manufacture  of 
the  leather  and  the  use  of  his  own  department. 

That  the  commissary  of  hides  have  the  appointment  of  all  deputies 
and  assistants  to  be  employed  under  him,  for  whose  conduct  he  shall 
be  responsible,  and  have  authority  to  displace  them  at  pleasure. 

October  16,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  and  a 
deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  be  appointed  for  supplying  the 
forts  and  posts  on  the  western  frontier  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia, 
and  that  the  limit  of  the  district  be  assigned  by  the  respective  commis- 
saries-general. 

That  assistant  purchasing  commissaries  be  not  allowed  in  the  district 
aforesaid. 

October  16,  1777. 

Ordered,  That  a  copy  of  General  Washington's  letter  of  the  13th  and 
the  returns  relative  to  clothing  wanted  for  the  Army  be  sent  by  express 
to  each  of  the  States  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  and  that  they  be  respectively 
requested  to  send  to  the  General,  with  all  possible  despatch,  as  manjr 
of  the  several  articles  mentioned  in  the  returns  as  can  be  collected  and 
are  not  immediately  wanted  for  their  respective  regiments  which  have 
not  joined  the  Army,  and  to  order  the  officers  in  the  clothier's  depart- 
ment in  the  States  aforesaid  to  use  their  utmost  exertions  in  forwarding 
the  clothing  in  their  possession. 

October  22,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  authorized 
and  empowered  to  apply  to  the  governor  and  council  of  safety  of  Con- 
necticut, or  to  the  board  of  war  to  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  or  to 
empower  the  deputy  commissary -genera!  of  purchases  for  the  eastern 
district  to  import  or  contract  with  persons  who  shall  import  and  supply 
on  reasonable  terms  a  sufficient  quantity  of  salt  for  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  in  the  middle  district;  that  the  masters  of  the  vessels 
to  be  employed  for  this  purpose  be  severally  directed  to  deliver  their 
cargoes  of  salt  at  such  ports  in  the  middle  or  southern  districts  as  the 
commissary-general  shall  think  most  convenient,  and  that  he  order 
cargoes  of  flour  or  grain,  on  the  arrival  of  those  vessels  at  the  ports 
aforesaid,  to  be  provided  and  shipped  in  them  for  the  Army  in  the 
eastern  district. 


272       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

And  the  said  governor  and  council  of  safety  and  board  of  war  are 
severally  requested  to  assist  the  commissary  in  accomplishing  these 
purposes  and  to  grant  or  procure  permits  for  exporting  cargoes  to 
purchase  the  salt. 

And  whereas  there  is  an  immediate  demand  for  the  article  aforesaid 
in  the  middle  district, 

Resolved,  That  the  supreme  executive  authorities  of  the  States  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  and  Connecticut  be  respectively  requested  to  assist 
the  commissary -general  of  purchases  in  procuring  wagons  or  teams  for 
removing  12,000  bushels  of  salt  from  the  eastern  to  the  middle  district; 
that  the  said  commissary  be  directed  to  employ  the  wagons  or  teams 
procured  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay  to  remove  the  salt  from  thence  to 
Connecticut,  and  those  procured  in  the  States  last  mentioned  in  remov- 
ing the  salt  from  thence  to  such  places  on  the  North  River  as  he  shall 
judge  most  convenient;  and  the  said  commissary-general  is  directed  to 
procure  wagons  or  teams  in  the  middle  districts  and  load  them  with 
flour,  to  be  delivered  at  the  North  River  and  sent  by  the  teams  bring- 
ing the  salt  from  Connecticut  to  the  magazines  of  the  Army  in  that 
State;  and  that  the  wagons  or  teams  from  the  middle  district  be 
employed  to  bring  from  North  River  the  salt  to  be  deposited  there  as 
aforesaid. 

November  3,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  resolutions  of  Congress  of  the  4th  of 
October  last,  relative  to  the  department  of  the  purchasing  and  issuing 
commissaries,  be  forthwith  transmitted  by  express  to  the  governor 
and  council  of  safety  of  Connecticut,  who  are  authorized  and  requested 
to  appoint  a  deputy  commissary-general  of  purchases  and  a  deputy 
commissary  general  of  issues  for  the  eastern  district,  provided  the 
appointments  of  Congress  to  the  respective  offices  aforesaid  are  not 
accepted,  and  Gen.  Putnam  has  not  made  such  appointments,  agree- 
able to  the  powers  given  him  by  the  resolution  last  mentioned,  or  that 
the  officers  so  appointed  should  appear  to  the  said  governor  and  coun- 
cil incompetent  to  the  business. 

That  a  copy  of  the  preceding  resolution  be  transmitted  by  the  express 
aforesaid  to  Major  Gen.  Putnam,  who  is  directed  to  inform  his  excel- 
lency Governor  Trumbull  of  his  conduct  relative  to  the  premises,  and 
to  direct  the  officers  who  may  have  accepted  the  appointments  afore- 
said forthwith  to  apply  to  the  governor  and  council  of  safety  for 
instructions,  and  that  Gen.  Putnam  cease  to  proceed  further  in  the 
business  aforesaid. 

November  10,  1777. — General  Gates  was  authorized  to  order  the  Paymaster-General 
to  pay  dues  to  officers  and  men  for  rations  allowed  to  them  but  not  paid,  provided 
the  existing  regulations  of  the  Commissary's  Department  on  the  subject  be  no  longer 
dispensed  with  than  he  shall  judge  necessary. 

November  11,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  commissary -general 
of  issues  for  supplying  the  forts  and  posts  on  the  western  frontiers  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Virginia;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken,  John  Erwing 
was  elected. 

November  14,  1777. — "Mr.  Kemper,  the  deputy  clothier-general,  is  to  attend  the 
meeting  and  take  the  directions  of  the  board  [commanders  of  brigades]  for  the 
present  and  future  distributions."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  White-Marsh.) 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  273 

November  tSi  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  letter  from  J.  Bradford,  dated  Boston, 
October  the  16th,  1777,  to  the  secret  committee,  be  transmitted  to  the 
clothier-general;  .  .  .  that  the  clothier-general,  without  delay, 
appoint  a  deputy  in  each  State,  if  he  hath  not  already  made  such 
appointments;  that  the  cloth  for  soldiers'  clothing  mentioned  in  the 
said  letter  to  be  imported  into  Bedford  for  account  of  Congress  be 
delivered  to  the  clothier-general  or  his  order;  .  .  .  that  the 
receipts  taken  on  the  delivery  be  forthwith  transmitted  to  the  com- 
mittee of  commerce;  that  the  clothier-general  be  directed  immediately 
to  give  orders  to  his  deputy  for  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  to  receive 
the  said  cloth  for  soldiers'  clothing,  and  procure  the  making  up 
the  same  into  clothes  there  or  elsewhere,  as  soon  as  may  be,  and  to 
forward  them  with  the  utmost  despatch  to  General  Washington's 
Army;  that  the  clothier-general  also  write  to  the  governor  and  coun- 
cil of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  requesting  them,  in  case  the  person 
appointed  bjr  him  as  his  deputy  should  decline  acting,  to  appoint  a 
suitable  person  for  that  purpose,  and  for  forwarding  the  clothing  as 
above  directed;  and  the  said  governor  and  council  are  requested  to 
make  such  appointment  accordingly,  and  to  give  every  necessary  aid 
to  the  above  important  business. 

November  19,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  to  deliver  to  the 
director-general  of  the  militaiy  hospitals,  the  deputy  directors-general, 
or  their  assistants,  for  the  use  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  several 
departments,  a  proportionable  share  of  the  blankets,  shirts,  shoes,  and 
stockings,  which  he  shall,  from  time  to  time,  procure  for  the  supply 
of  the  Army. 

November  W,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  [Colonel  G.  Morgan,  restored  to  the  appointment  for 
Indian  affairs]  be  appointed  deputy  commissary  -general  of  purchases 
in  the  western  district. 

November  n,  1777. 

L'<  solved,  That  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  15th  of  October 
last,  directing  that  no  assistant  purchasing  commissaries  be  appointed 
for  the  western  district  be  not  extended  to  the  temporary  appoint- 
ments of  such  officers,  and  that  the  Commissary-General  of  Purchases 
be  directed  to  authorize  the  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases 
for  the  said  district  to  make  such  appointments  when  he,  the  said 
Commissary-General,  shall  judge  it  necessary. 

*  *  * 

5.  Resolved,  That  .  .  .  each  of  the  respective  legislatures  [of 
the  several  States]  enact  suitable  laws,  .  .  .  as  to  authorize  the 
purchasing  commissaries  for  the  Army,  ...  to  take  from  any 
engrossers,  forestallers,  or  other  person  possessed  of  a  larger  quantity 
of  any  such  commodities  or  provisions  than  shall  be  competent  for  the 
private  annual  consumption  of  their  families,  and  who  shall  refuse  to 

S.  Doc.  229 18 


274       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

sell  the  surplus  at  the  prices  to  be  ascertained  [by  a  convention  of  State 
commissioners],  paying-  only  such  price  for  the  same. 
*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  respective  legis- 
latures of  the  United  States,  without  delay,  by  their  separate  authority, 
to  adopt  and  effectually  enforce  a  temporary  regulation  of  the  prices 
of  provisions  and  other  commodities  for  the  supply  of  the  Army,  in 
such  manner  as  they  shall  judge  reasonable;  and  to  continue  in  force 
until  the  general  regulations  before  proposed  shall  be  adopted. 

November^,  1777. — "The  Commander  in  Chief  offers  a  reward  of  ten  dollars  to  any 
person  who  shall,  by  nine  o'clock  on  Monday  morning,  produce  the  best  substitute 
for  shoes,  made  of  raw  hides.  The  commissary  of  hides  is  to  furnish  the  hides;  and 
the  major-general  of  the  day  is  to  judge  of  the  essays,  and  assign  the  reward  to  the 
best  artist."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  White-Marsh.) 

November  U,  1777. 

The  committee  appointed  to  prepare  a  plan  for  establishing  a  board 
to  superintend  the  departments  of  the  commissaries  and  Quartermaster- 
General,  report: 

That  as  a  Board  of  War,  consisting  of  persons  not  members  of  Con- 
gress, has  been  lately  established,  and  the  late  Quartermaster-General 
is  a  member  thereof,  the  committee  are  of  opinion  that  a  considerable 
expense  may  be  saved  by  adding  to  the  board  a  person  acquainted  with 
the  commissarial  business,  and  authorizing  it  to  superintend  each  of  the 
civil  departments  of  the  Army:  Whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  Congress  concur  with  the  committee. 

November  25,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Governor  Caswell  be  desired  to  appoint  proper  per- 
sons within  the  State  of  North  Carolina  to  purchase,  with  secrecy  and 
despatch,  all  the  merchantable  leather  and  deerskins  in  that  State  proper 
for  making  shoes,  breeches,  .  .  .  that  he  be  desired  to  detain  so 
much  thereof  as  can  be  manufactured  into  shoes  and  breeches  within 
the  space  of  four  months,  sending  on  to  the  clothier-general,  at  Lan- 
caster, in  Pennsylvania,  the  shoes  and  breeches  which  majT  be  made 
from  time  to  time,     ... 

November  26,  1777. 

Congress  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  report  from  the  com- 
mittee on  the  letter  from  S.  Hopkins,  esq.,  etc.,  when  the  seventh 
article  was  agreed  to  as  follows: 

7th.  And  whereas,  notwithstanding  the  large  quantities  of  clothing 
which  have  seasonably  been  ordered  from  Europe  for  the  armies  of 
the  United  States,  sucn  have  been  the  obstructions,  from  a  variety  of 
causes,  that  an  adequate  supply  has  not  been  imported,  and  it  is 
become  necessary  that  immediate  provisions  should  be  made  to  defend 
the  troops  from  the  inclemency  of  the  winter,  and  to  prevent  future 
disappointments  of  the  like  nature,  and  that,  for  this  purpose,  the  sev- 
eral States  should  be  called  upon  for  assistance. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  275 

Resolved,  therefore,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  several 
States  from  time  to  time  to  exert  their  utmost  endeavors  to  procure, 
in  addition  to  the  allowances  of  clothing  heretofore  made  by  Congress, 
supplies  of  blankets,  shoes,  stockings,  shirts,  and  other  clothing»for 
the  comfortable  subsistence  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  their  respec- 
tive battalions;  and  to  appoint  one  or  more  persons  to  dispose  of  such 
articles  to  the  said  officers  and  soldiers  in  such  proportion  as  the  gen- 
eral officers  from  the  respective  States  commanding  in  such  army  shall 
direct,  and  at  such  reasonable  prices  as  shall  be  assessed  by  the  clothier- 
general  or  his  deputy,  and  be  in  just  proportion  to  the  wages  of  the 
officers  and  soldiers,  charging  the  surplus  of  the  cost  to  the  United 
States;  and  all  clothing  hereafter  to  be  supplied  to  the  officers  and  sol- 
diers of  the  Continental  Army  out  of  the  public  stores  of  the  United 
States,  beyond  the  bounties  already  granted,  shall  be  charged  at  like 
prices,  the  surplus  to  be  defrayed  by  the  United  States;  provided  that 
effective  measures  be  adopted  by  each  State  for  preventing  any  com- 

Eetition  between  their  purchasing  agents  and  the  clothier-general  and 
is  agents,  who  are  severally  directed  to  observe  the  instructions  of 
the  respective  States  relative  to  the  prices  of  clothing  purchased  within 
such  State. 

November  28,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  22d  of 
October  and  3d  of  November,  relative  to  the  Commissary's  Depart- 
ment, be  transmitted  to  his  excellency  the  governor  and  council  of 
safety  of  the  State  of  Connecticut,  who  are  requested  to  order  the  salt 
to  be  sent  from  the  eastern  to  the  middle  district,  agreeable  to  the 
resolution  first  mentioned,  to  such  parts  of  the  North  River  and  to  the 
care  of  such  officer  or  person  there  as  they  shall  judge  expedient,  and 
inform  Congress  or  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  thereof; 
and  the  governor  and  council  aforesaid  are  further  requested  to  take 
effectual  measures  for  sending  immediate  supplies  of  cattle  to  the 
army  in  the  middle  district  and  to  the  prisoners  quartered  near  Bos- 
ton; and  to  this  purpose  they  are  fully  authorized  to  superintend  the 
deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  issues  and  their  respec- 
tive deputies  or  assistants  in  the  eastern  and  northern  districts,  and  to 
remove  and  appoint  others  in  the  room  of  such  as  shall  refuse  or 
neglect  to  comply  with  their  directions. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  issues  be  directed  to  pre- 
serve the  flour  barrels  of  the  Army  and  send  them  by  the  return 
wagons  to  the  mills  from  whence  supplies  of  flour  may  be  sent  to  the 
Army;  that  he  save  the  pork  and  beef  barrels  and  as  much  of  the  salt 
therein  as  can  be  collected,  and  that  for  this  purpose  he  employ  a 
suitable  number  of  coopers,  and  inform  Congress  of  his  proceedings 
therein. 

December  °20,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  most  earnestly  recommended  to  the  respective 

legislatures  of  the  United  States  forthwith  to  enact  laws  appointing 

-i  i  i table  persons  to  seize  and  take,  for  the  use  of  the  Continental  Army 

■  of  the  said  States,  all  woolen  cloths,  blankets,  linens,  shoes,  stockings, 

hats,  and  other  necessary  articles  of  clothing  suitable  for  the  Army, 


276       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

which  may  be  in  the  possession  of  any  persons  inhabitants  of,  or  res- 
idents within,  their  respective  States,  for  the  purpose  of  sale  and  not 
for  their  own  private  use  or  famity  consumption,  giving  them  certifi- 
cates or  receipts  for  the  same,  expressing  the  qualit}T  and  quantity  of 
the  goods;  provided,  that  such  laws  do  not  extend  to  any  goods,  wares, 
or  merchandise  which  are  or  shall  be  hona  fide  imported  into  the 
respective  States  on  account  of  any  persons  not  citizens  of  these  United 
States,  so  long  as  the  same  shall  continue  their  property,  and  no 
longer;  and  that  they  inflict  such  penalties  as  may  be  deemed  proper 
on  such  persons  possessed  of  '&x\y  of  the  above-enumerated  goods, 
wares,  or  merchandise,  or  other  articles  of  clothing  suitable  for  the 
Army,  who,  to  evade  the  good  intentions  of  the  said  laws,  shall  falsely 
affirm  or  declare  the  same  to  be  the  property  of  persons  not  citizens 
of  any  of  the  said  United  States. 

2.  That  it  be  further  recommended  to  make  provision  in  the  said 
laws  to  empower  the  commissary -general  of  purchases,  or  any  of  his 
deputies,  or  such  other  persons  as  the  respective  legislatures  may  deem 
expedient,  to  seize  all  stock  and  every  kind  of  provision  necessary  for 
the  Army,  which  may  have  been  purchased  up  on  engrossed  by  any 
person  with  a  view  of  selling  the  same,  giving  to  the  person  from  whom 
such  stock  or  provisions  have  been  taken  certificates  as  aforesaid. 

3.  That  the  value  of  all  such  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  as  are 
above  enumerated,  or  other  articles  of  clothing,  stock,  or  provisions 
necessary  for  the  Army,  which  shall  be  so  seized  and  taken,  be  ascer- 
tained at  the  rate  at  which  the  said  articles  shall  be  stated  by  the  con- 
vention of  the  committees  of  the  several  States  to  be  held  agreeably  to 
the  recommendation  of  Congress  on  the  22d  of  November  last;  the 
articles  of  clothing  to  be  paid  for  by  draughts  made  by  the  respective 
States  upon  the  clothier-general,  and  the  stock  of  provisions  by  the 
purchasing  commissaries  receiving  them. 

4.  And  it  is  further  recommended  to  the  respective  States  to  cause 
to  be  made  up  so  much  of  the  clothing  aforesaid  as  they  can  complete 
within  a  reasonable  time,  and  to  send  the  whole  of  the  clothing  so 
taken  or  seized,  as  well  that  part  which  may  be  made  up,  as  that  which 
remains  unmade  (except  so  much  as  may  be  necessary  for  clothing 
the  recruits  enlisted  in  the  States  for  their  respective  battalions  in  the 
Continental  service),  to  the  clothier-general  to  be  distributed  in  the 
first  instance  to  the  supply  of  the  troops  belonging  to  the  State  fur- 
nishing such  clothing,  and  the  residue  in  such  manner  as  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  War  Office  or  the  clothier-general  shall  from  time  to 
time  direct;  provided,  that  this  resolution  shall  not  repeal  or  affect 
any  part  of  the  seventh  proposition  recommended  to  the  legislatures 
of  the  respective  States  the  22d  [26th]  of  November  last,  relative  to 
the  additional  clothing  to  be  furnished  to  their  respective  battalions; 
and  it  is  further  resolved,  that  the  clothier-general  transmit,  from 
time  to  time,  to  the  respective  States,  an  account  of  the  clothing  fur- 
nished to  their  battalions  out  of  the  stock  by  them  collected  and  sent 
forward,  in  order  that  each  State  may  be  satisfactorily  informed  that 
their  troops  receive  immediate  advantage  from  its  exertions  in  the 
common  cause. 

5.  And  whereas  great  waste  of  clothing  has  arisen  from  the  want  of 
fidelity  or  skill  in  the  persons  employed  to  make  up  the  same: 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  respective  States  to  appoint 
one  or  more  suitable  persons  to  superintend  and  direct  the  tradesmen 
employed  to  make  up  the  clothes  to  be  collected  as  aforesaid,  who  shall 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  277 

conform  themselves  to  the  instructions  of  the  Board  of  War  relative  to 
the  form  thereof,  provided  that  no  delays  be  suffered  to  take  place 
from  the  want  of  such  instructions. 

6.  And  whereas  the  comfortable  support  of  the  army  of  these 
States  may  hereafter  greatly  depend  on  the  supplies  which  they  may 
be  able  to  draw  from  their  own  internal  resources,  it  is  therefore 
most  earnestly  recommended  to  the  said  States  to  employ  a  sufficient 
number  of  manufacturers  and  tradesmen  to  supply  the  clothing  wanted 
for  their  respective  battalions,  exempting  them,  under  proper  regula- 
tions, from  military  duty;  and  authorizing  suitable  persons  to  collect 
and  supply,  at  the  stipulated  prices,  cotton,  wool,  flax,  leather,  and 
other  articles  for  carrying  on  the  said  manufactures. 

7.  And  .  .  .  it  is  most  seriously  recommended  to  the  several 
legislatures  aforesaid  forthwith  to  enact  laws  ...  to  prohibit 
any  persons  whatsoever,  not  citizens  of  their  respective  States,  from 
purchasing  within  the  same  any  article  of  clothing  or  provision  neces- 
sary for  the  use  of  the  army  (unless  so  much  as  may  be  requisite 
for  their  own  private  or  famity's  use  or  consumption),  excepting  only 
such  person  or  persons  as  shall  produce  a  certificate,  under  the  seal 
and  sign  manual  of  the  supreme  executive  authority  of  the  respective 
States.     ... 

December  SO,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  after  the  1st  day  of  January  next  the 
commissary-general  of  purchases  be  directed  from  time  to  time  to 
compute  the  cost  of  each  part  of  a  ration,  agreeably  to  the  prime  cost 
of  the  articles  composing  the  same;  and  that  he  send  a  certificate 
thereof  to  the  Board  of  Treasury,  and  also  to  the  commissary -general 
of  issues,  who  is  thereupon  directed  to  publish  the  same  to  the  issuing 
commissaries,  to  be  b}r  them  observed,  in  lieu  of  the  estimate  made  in 
the  38th  article  of  the  commissary's  regulations,  passed  by  Congress 
the  10th  of  June  last. 

December  SI,  1777. 

Whereas  Samuel  A.  Otis,  deputy  clothier-general  in  the  State  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  hath  signified  to  Congress  that  he  hath  contracted 
with  sundry  persons  in  the  said  State  for  a  large  quantity  of  clothing 
for  the  use  of  the  Continental  troops  at  the  most  extravagant  rate  of 
10  to  1,800  per  cent,  and  that  some  of  the  holders  of  the  said  goods 
have  even  refused  to  deliver  him  the  same  until  they  shall  receive  the 
cash,     .     .     . 

Resolved,  Therefore,  that  Mr.  Otis  be  directed  to  pay  only  for  such 
of  the  said  clothing  as  he  may  have  actually  received  at  the  rate  for 
which  he  may  have  contracted  for  such  clothing. 

II, ,,,/,-,  <l.  Thai  it  bo  most  earnestly  recommended  to  the  legislative 
authority  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay  immediately  to  take  and 
seize  the  residue  of  the  clothing  which  the  holders  thereof  have  refused 
to  deliver  to  the  said  Samuel  A.  Otis,  agreeably  to  the  resolutions  of 
Congress  of  the  20th  instant,  which  clothing  shall  be  paid  for  in  manner 
and  at  the  rate  mentioned  therein,  and  not  otherwise. 

January  6,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  he  directed  to  deliver  to  the  order 
of  the  director-general  as  much  linen  and  as  many  blankets  as  can  bo 
spared,  to  be  retained  in  the  hospital  for  the  use  of  the  sick. 


278       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  to  supply  the  convalescents  with 
necessary  clothing,  in  order  that,  when  properly  recovered,  they  may 
join  the  Army. 

January  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  ...  a  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues  be 
appointed  to  act  pro  tempore  for  the  troops  aforesaid  [from  New  Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut,  constantly 
employed  in  Rhode  Island  for  the  defense  of  the  State  and  of  the  Provi- 
dence Plantations];  that  the  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  be 
appointed  by  the  council  of  war  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  and 
Providence  Plantations;  .  .  ..  and  that  each  .  .  .  take  the 
oath  of  fidelity  and  office.     .     .     . 

January  1J/,,  1778. 

-Resolved,  That  the  order  of  the  commissary  of  prisoners  shall  be  a 
sufficient  voucher  to  the  commissary  or  deputy  commissary -general  of 
purchases  for  the  delivery  of  provisions  for  the  use  of  the  prisoners 
of  war. 

Resolved,  That  by  the  resolution  of  the  22d  of  October,  1777,  the 
commissary-general  of  purchases  is  invested  with  powers  adequate  to. 
and  sufficient  for,  the  purpose  of  importing  salt  for  the  use  of  the  Army. 

Resolved,  That  the  powers  and  directions  contained  in  the  resolution 
aforesaid  for  procuring  salt  be  extended  to  the  article  of  rum  for  the 
Armv. 

»  -::•  ft 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay 
be  requested  to  import  from  the  middle  and  southern  department 
15,000  barrels  of  flour  to  supply  the  magazines  of  the  eastern  district 
for  the  next  campaign,  over  and  above  what  may  be  imported  by  the 
deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  for  that  purpose,  and  deliver 
the  same  to  the  commissary -general  of  issues  or  his  deputies,  these  to 
be  deposited  agreeably  to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  in  that 
district,  and  that  compensation  be  made  to  the  board  for  their  trouble 
herein. 

That  the  said  board  be  empowered  to  purchase,  charter,  or  hire  on 
freight,  as  they  may  judge  most  for  the  interest  of  these  States,  vessels 
for  this  purpose,  .  .  .  for  so  much  of  the  flour  as  they  may  order 
to  be  shipped  from  Virginia;  that  if  the  whole  quantity  of  flour  can 
not  be  readily  obtained,  the  board  be  empowered  to  make  up  the  defi- 
ciency by  importing  rice  from  South  Carolina. 

*  *  ..    « 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  appointed 
for  the  middle  district,  in  addition  to  E.Blaine,  and  that  the  commis- 
sary-general of  purchases,  after  consulting  with  Mr.  Blaine,  be  directed 
to  assign  the  part  of  the  district  in  which  the  deputy  commissary- 
general  shall  act. 

January  15,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  one  or  more  persons  be  immediately  employed  by  tho 
Board  of  War,  on  the  best  terms  in  their  power,  to  purchase  30,000 
barrels  of  flour,  or  wheat  equivalent,  and  have  it  ground  into  flour,  and 


TflE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  270 

to  deposit  12,000  barrels,  part  thereof,  at  or  near  Lancaster,  8,000 
barrels  at  or  near  Reading,  6,000  barrels  at  or  near  Bethlehem,  2,000 
barrels  at  Downingtown,  and  2,000  barrels  at  Pottsgrove. 

*  *  * 

That  these  magazines,  being  established  without  the  interference  of 
the  Commissary-General  or  his  officers,  shall  when  necessary  be  ordered 
under  the  direction  of  the  issuing  commissary-general  by  the  Board 
of  War. 

*  -X-  * 

That  the  Board  of  War  enquire  of  His  Excellency  Thomas  Wharton, 
esq. ,  president  of  the  council  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  what  meas- 
ures have  been  taken  by  the  legislature  of  that  State  for  laying  up 
magazines  for  the  Army;  and  if  it  should  appear  to  the  board,  after 
such  inquiry,  that  measures  for  that  purpose  have  been  taken  adequate 
to  the  present  critical  situation  of  the  Army  with  respect  to  supplies, 
they  be  authorized  and  directed  to  suspend  the  execution  of  the  whole 
or  such  parts  of  the  foregoing  resolutions  as  they  shall  deem  most 
conducive  to  the  general  weal. 

January  19,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  proposals  of  W.  Buchanan,  commissary- 
general  of  purchases,  for  establishing  a  communication  to  transfer  pro- 
visions from  South  Quay,  on  Albemarle  Sound,  in  the  State  of  North 
Carolina,  to  Elkridge  Landing,  at  the  head  of  Patapsco,  in  the  State  of 
Maryland  [be  transmitted  to  the  governors  of  North  Carolina,  Virginia, 
and  Maryland,  respectively],  and  that  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to 
them  forthwith  to  establish  a  sufficient  number  of  wagons  and  boats, 
under  the  direction  of  active  and  careful  persons,  for  transporting 
weekly  500  barrels  of  meal  across  the  communication  in  their  respective 
States,  as  specified  in  Mr.  Buchanan's  proposals,  or  on  such  other  as 
they  shall  deem  more  eligible,  and  to  open  proper  roads,  if  necessary, 
for  such  purpose. 

February  3,  1778. 

*  *  * 

And  whereas  many  persons  employed  as  deputy  or  assistant  com- 
missaries .  .  .  are  dispersed  in  various  parts  of  the  continent, 
over  whom  neither  Congress  nor  the  head  of  their  respective  depart- 
ments can  have  the  immediate  inspection: 

Resolved;  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislative  and  executive 
authority  of  every  State  to  take  effectual  measures  for  preventing  any 
person  within  their  States  from  exercising  any  office  in  the  civil  depart- 
ment of  the  Army,  or  in  any  other  civil  department  under  Congress, 
who  shall  not,  when  thereunto  required  by  any  magistrate,  produce  a 
legal  appointment  to  such  office  and  a  certificate  of  his  having  taken 
the  foregoing  oaths  or  affirmations,  or  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to 
take  ana  subscribe  the  said  oaths  or  affirmations  within  the  time  above 
limited. 

February  IS,  1778. 

Whereas  there  is  great  danger  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States 
being  very  much  distressed  if  the  exportation  of  beef  and  pork  from 
the  State  of  North  Carolina  be  not  immediately  prohibited:  Therefore, 


280      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMX. 

Resolved,  That  the  legislative  and  executive  powers  of  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  be  earnestly  requested  immediately  to  lay  an  embargo 
on  all  beef  and  pork,  except  so  much  as  may  be  necessaiy  for  the  ves- 
sel's use  for  the  voyage,  and  to  take  the  most  effectual  measures  to 
prevent  the  embargo  from  being  evaded. 

February  U,  1778. 

Whereas  .  .  .  the  general  assembly  of  Pennsylvania  have,  by  a 
law,  appointed  commissioners  in  each  county  within  their  State  to  pur- 
chase or  seize  wheat,  flour,  and  other  provisions,  etc. ,  for  the  supply  of 
the  Army,  pursuant  to  such  orders  as  they  shall  receive  from  Congress: 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  said  commissioners  deliver  the  live 
stock  by  them  purchased  to  the  order  of  the  deputy  commissary- 
general  of  purchases  or  his  assistants,  ...  to  whom  severally 
they  are  directed  to  send  immediate  notice  when  such  purchases  are 
made.     .     .     . 

■X-  ^k  -X- 

And  whereas  the  Board  of  War  have  judged  it  expedient  and  neces- 
sary that  a  greater  quantity  of  flour  and  other  provisions  than  was 
directed  by  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  15th  of  January  should 
be  purchased  and  other  magazines  formed  besides  these  above  men- 
tioned, and  have,  agreeably  to  the  powers  vested  in  them  by  the  said 
resolution  of  the  15th  of  January,  employed  superintendents  for  the 
purchase  of  flour,  etc. : 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  proceed  in  that  business,  and  that 
they  direct  their  superintendents  to  purchase  such  farther  quantities 
of  flour  and  provisions  and  have  them  conveyed  to  and  secured  in 
such  places  as  the  board  shall  direct;  and  that  they  instruct  such  of 
their  superintendents  as  may  purchase  in  Pennsylvania  to  avoid  clash- 
ing with  the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  law  of  that  State  in  the 
execution  of  their  duty. 

That  the  said  board  be  empowered  to  appoint  a  suitable  person  at 
each  of  the  new  magazines  which  they  shall  establish,  with  such  a 
salary  as  they  shall  judge  reasonable,  to  inspect,  receive,  store,  and 
take  care  of  the  provisions  purchased  and  conveyed  thither  by  the  said 
superintendents,  and  to  issue  the  same  upon  the  orders  of  the  Board 
of  War. 

That  the  superintendents  appointed  by  the  Board  of  War  be  allowed 
a  commission,  not  exceeding  2£  per  cent,  on  all  purchases  by  them 
made,  in  full  for  their  trouble  and  expenses  therein,  and  that  in  pur- 
chasing they  do  not  exceed  the  prices  established  by  the  laws  of  the 
States  in  which  the  purchases  are  made. 

February  18,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  governor  and  council  of 
the  State  of  Maryland  ...  be  requested  immediately  to  appoint 
a  commissary  to  purchase  and  supply  the  said  militia  [to  be  embodied 
for  guarding  the  prisoners  at  Fort  Frederick]  with  provisions  during 
their  service  at  that  post. 

February  21,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  immediately  employ  a  suitable 
number  of  proper  persons  on  the  east  side  of  Susquehanna  to  pur- 
chase meat    .     .     .     for  the  Armv.     ... 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  281 

February  27,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  compare  of  bakers  be  raised  to  bake  bread  for  the 
Army,  the  company  to  consist  of — 

One  director,  at  $50  a  month  and  3  rations  a  day. 

Three  subdirectors,  at  $40  a  month  and  2  rations  a  day. 

Twelve  foremen,  at  $30  a  month  and  1  ration  a  day. 

Sixty  bakers,  at  $24  a  month  and  1  ration  a  day. 

That  the  company  be  enlisted  for  one  year  from  the  day  of  their 
enlistment  and  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war. 

That  each  foreman  and  baker  have  the  same  clothing  as  is  allowed 
to  noncommissioned  officers  in  the  Continental  service. 

That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  appoint  the  director  and  sub- 
directors  and  cause  the  company  to  be  raised  and  set  to  work  with 
the  utmost  despatch. 

March  4, 1778. 

Ordered,  That  the  clothier-general  send  an  assistant  clothier  to  be 
stationed  with  the  Continental  Army  on  Hudson's  River,  to  superin- 
tend the  procuring  and  distribution  of  clothing. 

That  the  issuing  commissary  of  the  army  stationed  on  or  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hudson's  River,  for  the  defence  thereof,  have  authority, 
with  the  concurrence  of  the  commanding  officer,  to  draw  for  supplies 
of  provisions  on  the  purchasing  commissaries  in  the  eastern  or  northern 
districts,  as  exigencies  and  the  position  of  the  troops  may  from  time 
to  time  require,  taking  special  care  not  to  interfere  with  any  supplies 
coming  forward  to  or  intended  for  the  grand  army. 

March  13, 1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  commissary-general  of  purchases  be  appointed, 
with  full  powers  to  depute  or  remove  any  officer  of  his  department. 

That  each  assistant  purchasing  commissary  shall  receive  the  follow- 
ing allowances  for  purchasing  provisions  and  other  articles,  viz: 

Flour  or  meal,  per  cwt.,  6-90ths  of  a  dollar;  hard  bread,  per  cwt., 
8-90ths  of  a  dollar;  fresh  pork,  per  cwt.,  18-90ths  of  a  dollar;  salt  pork 
in  barrels,  per  cwt.,  24-90ths  of  a  dollar;  fresh  beef,  hide,  and  tallow, 
per  cwt,  24-90ths  of  a  dollar;  salt  beef  in  barrels,  per  cwt.,  24-90ths 
of  a  dollar;  salt,  per  bushel,  6-90ths  of  a  dollar;  molasses,  per  gallon, 
3-90ths  of  a  dollar;  West  India  rum,  per  gallon,  3-90ths  of  a  dollar; 
American  rum  or  whiskey,  per  gallon,  3-90ths  of  a  dollar;  rice,  per 
cwt.,  6-90ths  of  a  dollar;  meat  barrels,  for  packing  beef,  pork,  or  fish, 
each,  4-90ths  of  a  dollar;  bread  casks  with  lining  hoops,  each,  3-90ths 
of  a  dollar;  vinegar,  per  barrel,  3-90ths  of  a  dollar;  turnips  and  pota- 
toes, per  bushel,  4-90tns  of  a  dollar;  beans  and  peas,  per  bushel,  <»-90ths 
of  a  dollar;  pickled  shad,  per  barrel,  12-90ths  of  a  dollar;  onions,  per 
bushel,  5-90ths  of  a  dollar. 

That  each  assistant  purchasing  commissary  shall  be  allowed  ten  per 
cent  on  the  sum  which  he  shall  save  by  purchasing  good  provisions  at 
less  prices  than  such  as  are  fixed  in  the  respective  States. 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  deputy  commissary -general  of  pur- 
chases to  superintend  the  assistant,  purchasers  under  him,  see  that  the 
business  of  his  department  is  properly  conducted,  and  that  full  supplies 
of  provisions  are  seasonably  procured  in  his  district,  and  that  ho  .shall 


282       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OE  GENERAL  STAFE  OF  U.    S.    ARMY. 

be  entitled  to  an  allowance  equal  to  l-5th  part  of  the  whole  allowance 
made  to  his  assistants  as  aforesaid. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissary -general  of  pur- 
chases to  superintend  all  the  officers  of  his  department,  to  give  the 
necessary  orders  to  the  deputy  commissaries-general,  and  see  that  the 
business  in  each  department  is  properly  executed,  and  that  full  sup- 
plies of  provisions  for  the  Army  are  seasonably  procured,  and  that  he 
shall  be  entitled  to  an  allowance  equal  to  one-third,  part  of  the  whole 
allowance  made  to  his  deputy  commissaries-general  as  aforesaid. 

That  the  allowance  herein  provided  for  the  commissary  and  deputy 
commissaries-general  and  assistant  commissaries  shall  be  in  lieu  of  all 
other  rewards  for  their  respective  services  and  expenses,  including  the 
pay  of  their  clerks  in  purchasing  provisions. 

That  the  Commissary-General  be  directed  to  visit  the  armies  and 
posts,  and  that  he  be  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
and  that  he  be  excused  from  residing  at  the  place  where  Congress  sits, 
he  keeping  a  clerk  and  office  there,  to  which  all  returns  shall  be  made, 
and  which  shall  be  under  the  inspection  and  direction  of  the  Board  of 
War. 

That  the  Commissary-General,  deputy  commissaries-general,  and 
assistant  commissaries  of  purchases  govern  themselves  in  all  other 
respects  by  the  regulations  for  the  commissary's  system  passed  in 
Congress  the  10th  day  of  June  last,  and  the  subsequent  resolutions  of 
the  4th  day  of  October  last,  except  such  parts  thereof  as  are  altered 
by  these  regulations. 

March  U,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  John  Moore,  esq. ,  of  the  county  of  Albemarle,  in 
Virginia,  be  appointed  to  act  as  an  assistant  commissary  of  purchases 
under  William  Aylett,  esq.,  deputy  commissary-general,  for  procuring 
live  cattle  and  pork  for  the  use  of  the  Army  under  General  Washing- 
ton, so  long  as  the  said  deputy  commissary -general  may  find  his  serv- 
ices necessary.     .     .     . 

March  W,  1778. 

Ordered,  .  .  .  That  a  member  be  added  to  the  said  committee 
[on  the  commissary's  department]  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Harvie,  who  is 
absent;  the  member  chosen,  Mr.  F.  L.  Lee. 

April  9,  1778. 

The  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  Mr.  Wadsworth,  and  to 
whom  their  former  report  was  recommitted,  brought  in  another  report: 
whereupon, 

The  following  questions  were  moved: 

1.  Whether  Mr.  Wadsworth,  for  discharging  the  duties  of  commis- 
sary-general of  purchases,  shall  be  allowed  half  per  cent  on  all  the 
moneys  which  shall  be  by  him  received  and  expended  for  the  use  of 
his  department? 

2.  Whether  the  deputy  commissaries  to  be  appointed  by  Mr.  Wads- 
worth shall  be  allowed  half  per  cent  on  all  moneys  by  them  respec- 
tively received  and  paid  to  the  purchasing  commissaries  under  them  in 
their  respective  districts  ? 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  2&3 

3.  Whether  the  purchasing  commissaries  shall  be  allowed  two  per 
cent  for  the  moneys  which  shall  be  by  them  respectively  received  and 
expended  in  the  purchase  of  provisions  for  the  Army,  pursuant  to  the 
orders  of  Mr.  Wadsworth  or  his  deputies? 

And  the  yeas  and  nays  being  taken  on  these  questions  severally: 
*  *  * 

80  the}7  were  resolved  in  the  affirmative. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary-general  of  pur- 
chases, and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Jeremiah  Wadsworth,  esq.,  was  unanimously  elected. 

April  9,  1778. — Mr.  Wadsworth  resigned  about  August  6,  1777;  March  30,  1778, 
Messrs.  Gerry,  Clark,  Lee,  and  Dyer  were  appointed  a  committee  to  confer  with  him 
and  inquire  whether  he  will  undertake  the  office  of  commissary-general  of  purchases, 
and,  April  2,  1778,  Messrs.  Drayton,  Scudder,  and  Banister  were  added  to  the  above 
committee. 

April  10,  1778. — Messrs.  Dana,  Scudder,  and  Chase  were  constituted  a  committee 
to  confer  with  W.  Buchanan,  respecting  his  continuance  in  office,  until  Colonel  Wads- 
worth is  ready  to  enter  in  the  business. 

April  U,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  have  full  power 
to  appoint  and  remove  every  officer  in  his  department. 

That  the  Commissary-General  shall,  from  time  to  time,  as  the  ser- 
vice may  require,  visit  the  armies  and  posts  of  the  United  States,  and 
be  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

That  the  Commissarj-General  shall  not  be  obliged  to  reside  at  the 
place  where  Congress  sits,  but  he  shall  there  keep  an  office,  to  which 
all  general  returns  in  his  department  shall  be  made,  and  which  shall  be 
under  the  inspection  and  direction  of  the  Board  of  War;  eveiy  officer 
necessary  to  that  office  being  daily  allowed  one  ration  of  provisions, 
office  rent,  firewood,  candles,  paper,  wax,  wafers,  and  quills  being 
furnished  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  Commissary -General,  or  his  clerk  at  the  office  of  general 
returns,  shall  receive  from  the  Treasury,  by  warrant  in  the  usual  man- 
ner, all  sums  of  money  necessary  for  the  service  of  his  department, 
and  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  one-half  per  cent  on  all  sums  by  him 
paid  to  the  deputy  commissaries-general  for  the  public  service,  who, 
in  their  respective  districts,  shall  furnish  the  necessary  sums  of  inoney 
to  the  purchasing  commissaries  in  such  districts.  Each  deputy  com- 
missary-general  shall  bo  entitled  to  receive  one-half  per  cent  upon  all 
sums  of  money  by  him  paid  to  the  purchasing  commissaries  in  his  dis- 
Irict,  and  also  three  rations  of  provisions  when  in  camp.  Each  pur- 
chasing commissary  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  commission  not  exceed- 
ing two  per  cent,  upon  all  sums  of  money  by  him  laid  out  in  tho  dis- 
charge of  his  office;  and  the  Commissary-General  and  his  deputies 
shall  be  allowed  forage  for  their  horses  when  at  any  post  where  there 
is  forage  for  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and  shall  have  their 
horses  shod  at  any  shop  belonging  to  the  United  States. 

That  money  for  the  use  of  the  Commissary-General's  Department 
shall  be  t  lansmitted  from  the  Commissary-General's  office  to  the  respec- 
tive deputy  commissaries-general,  and  expresses  sent  on  the  necessary 
business  of  that  department  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  government  of  the  several  States  to 
exempt  from  militia  duties  ;ill  persons  who  are,  bona  fide,  engaged  in 
the  Commissary-General's  Department. 


284       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  the  Commissary-General  shall  appoint  an  assistant  to  reside  at 
headquarters  under  the  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief.  The  assist- 
ant shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  dairy  pay  of  five  dollars,  an  allowance 
of  rations,  twO  for  himself  and  one  for  his  servant,  forage  for  two 
horses,  which  shall  be  shod  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  Commissary-General,  the  deputy  commissaries-general,  and 
the  purchasing  commissaries,  respectively,  shall  provide  teams  and 
drivers  for  transporting  provisions  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States 
when  teams  and  drivers  for  such  service  can  not,  in  due  time,  be 
obtained  from  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department. 

That  the  Commissary-General  shall  assign  to  the  several  purchasing 
commissaries  their  respective  districts  for  the  sphere  of  their  purchases, 
out  of  which  they  shall  not  make  any  purchases  for  the  United  States, 
nor  into  which  the}'  shall  not  give  any  encouragement  for  the  bringing 
any  commodities  from  any  other  purchasing  commissary's  district, 
unless  thereto  expressly  authorized  by  the  Commissary-General  or 
deputy  commissary -general  of  the  district. 

That  each  purchasing  commissary  upon  his  entrance  into  office  shall 
take  an  oath  before  some  magistrate  "that  he  will  not  directly  nor 
indirectly  take  any  measure,  nor  cause  or  countenance  any  to  be  taken, 
to  raise  the  price  of  any  articles  within  the  view  of  the  Commissary- 
General's  Department;  that  he  will  use  his  best  skill  and  judgment  in 
purchasing  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on  account  of  the  United 
States,  and  that  he  will  give  to  the  Commissary-General  from  time  to 
time  the  earliest  information  of  such  frauds  and  abuses  in  his  depart- 
ment as  shall  come  to  his  knowledge,"  and  the  affidavit  so  taken  shall 
be  returned  to  the  purchasing  commissary -general  and  by  him  lodged 
in  the  War  Office. 

That  all  persons  in  the  Commissary-General's  Department  shall  take 
bills  of  parcels  for  all  the  articles  by  them  respectively  purchased, 
receipts  for  all  the  moneys  by  them  respective^  paid,  and  receipts  for 
all  articles  delivered,  to  be  produced  as  necessary  vouchers  at  their 
several  settlements. 

That  the  purchasing  commissaries  shall  make  monthly  returns  to  the 
deputy  commissaries-general  of  their  respective  districts  of  their  pur- 
chases and  the  prices  paid,  and  shall  settle  their  accounts  once  in  six 
months. 

That  the  deputy  commissaries-general  shall  once  in  every  two  months 
make  their  returns  to  the  Commissary-General's  Office  of  general 
returns  and  shall  settle  their  accounts  at  that  office  whenever  required 
to  do  so  by  the  Commissary-General. 

That  every  three  months  the  Commissary-General  shall  render  to 
Congress  an  account  of  his  receipts  and  expenditures,  and  every  nine 
months  a  statement  of  the  general  returns  of  his  department,  and  such 
account  and  statement  shall  be  returned  at  such  other  times  as  Con- 
gress shall  require. 

April  16,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  nothing  contained  in  the  system  for  the  Commissary- 
General's  Department  shall  be  construed  to  make  the  Commissary- 
General  liable  for  the  misapplication  of  money  for  the  use  of  his 
department  by  any  inferior  officer  in  that  department,  provided  that  he 
shall  take  bonds  from  the  deputy  commissaries-general  and  assistant 
commissary -general,  respectively,  appointed  by  him,  with  not  less  than 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  285 

two  good  and  sufficient  securities,  in  the  sum  of  20,000  dollars,  to  be 
by  him  lodged  in  the  Treasury  office;  and  the  said  deputy  commissaries 
shall  be  exonerated  of  all  sums  of  money  by  them  respectively  paid  to 
the  purchasing  commissaries,  provided  they  shall  take  bonds  from  the 
said  purchasing  commissaries,  respectively,  with  not  less  than  two 
good  and  sufficient  securities,  in  the  sum  of  10,000  dollars,  which 
bonds  they  shall  lodge  in  the  said  Treasury  office. 

April  16,  1778. — General  Washington  fixed  the  ration  at  1^  pounds  of  flour  or 
bread,  1  pound  of  beef  or  fish  or  three-fourths  pound  of  pork,  and  1  gill  of  whisky 
or  spirits;  or  1J  pounds  of  flour  or  bread,  one-half  pound  of  pork  or  bacon,  one-half 
pint  of  pease  or  beans,  and  1  gill  of  whisky  or  spirits.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters. ) 

April  21,  1778. 

Congress  having  received  repeated  information  that  various  abuses 
prevail  in  the  department  of  the  commissary  of  hides:  for  securing 
the  hides  and  tallow  belonging  to  the  public, 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  make  such  regula- 
tions for  conducting  that  department  as  they  shall  deem  best  calculated 
to  answer  the  end  of  its  institution;  that  they  be  authorized  to  dismiss, 
if  they  shall  judge  necessary,  the  persons  who  have  been  hitherto 
employed  to  conduct  the  same,  and  to  appoint  others  in  their  stead, 
till  the  pleasure  of  Congress  can  be  known,  reporting  to  Congress  the 
names  of  the  principal  persons  by  them  appointed  to  conduct  the 
business. 

May  2,  1778. — Congress  authorized  the  commissioners  at  Fort  Pitt,  or,  in  their 
absence,  the  officer  appointed  to  command  on  the  western  frontier,  to  appoint  a 
proper  person  to  perform  the  duties  of  commissary  to  the  militia  of  the  counties 
of  Rockingham,  Augusta,  Rockbridge,  Botetourt,  Montgomery,  Washington,  and 
Greenbrier,  Va. 

May  28,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  all  further  purchases  of  clothing  on  account  of  the 
United  States  by  the  clothier-general,  his  deputies,  or  agents  be  forth- 
with suspended,  and  that  thejr  be  directed  immediately  to  prepare  and 
bring  in  their  accounts  to  the  Board  of  Treasury,  to  be  liquidated  and 
settled. 

Resolved,  That  the  hides  belonging  to  the  United  States  be  applied 
toward  furnishing  the  Army  with  shoes,  as  heretofore,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Board  of  War;  and  that  the  said  board  do  purchase  or 
cause  to  be  purchased  shoes,  stockings,  and  linen,  for  the  use  of  the 
Continental  Army,  until  the  clothing  department  shall  be  properly 
arranged  and  organized. 

*  *  * 

Ordered,  That  all  the  linen,  shirts,  stockings,  shoes,  and  blankets 
lately  imported  on  account  of  these  United  States,  now  in  Boston, 
Portsmouth,  or  in  any  other  places  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay 
or  New  Hampshire,  in  whose  hands  soever  the  same  may  be,  be  imme- 
diately sent  forward  to  the  clothier-general  or  his  order,  to  be  by  him 
delivered  out,  if  necessary,  for  the  use  of  the  main  army;  and  that  the 
other  articles  of  imported  clothing  only,  whether  they  should  have 
been  delivered  out  to  any  persons  in  the  clothing  department  or  others, 
or  not,  be  removed  with  all  convenient  speed  to  Springfield,  in 
the  county  of  Hampshire,  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  there  to 


286       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

be  stored,  if  practicable,  under  the  constant  care  of  a  suitable  store- 
keeper, who  shall  see  that  they  be  properly  aired  and  otherwise 
attended  to,  so  that  they  receive  no  damage  by  being  stored;  and  the 
person  or  persons  in  whose  care  the  same  clothing  shall  be  is  hereb}T 
strictly  forbidden  to  deliver  out  any  part  of  the  same  without  the 
special  order  of  Congress  or  the  Board  of  War. 

If  the  last-mentioned  clothing  can  not  all  be  conveniently  stored  in 
Springfield,  that  then  the  residue  be  stored  at  Worcester,  in  the  same 
State,  in  like  manner,  and  subject  to  the  same  directions  as  that  part 
which  may  be  stored  at  Springfield.  The  packages  are  to  be  carefully 
preserved  for  future  transportation. 

June  4,  1778. — Congress  appointed  Messrs.  Carroll,  Matthews,  and  Wentworth  a 
committee  to  extract  from  the  journals  the  resolutions  relative  to  the  regulations  of 
the  Commissary's  and  Clothier's  departments. 

June  8,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  an  embargo  be,  and  it  hereby  is,  laid  to  prohibit  the 
exportation  of  wheat,  flour,  rye,  indian  corn,  rice,  bread,  beef,  pork, 
bacon,  live  stock,  and  other  provisions  from  any  of  these  United 
States,  from  and  after  the  10th  day  of  June  instant  until  the  15th  day 
of  November  next,  unless  sooner  revoked  by  Congress;  provided  that 
this  embargo  shall  not  be  construed  to  prevent  the  taking  on  board 
such  provisions  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the  stores  only  of  any  ships 
or  vessels  of  war  or  others  trading  to  and  from  these  States. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  respective  States 
to  take  the  most  effectual  measures  for  carrying  the  foregoing  resolu- 
tion into  immediate  execution. 

Jane  10,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Governor  Henry  be  requested  to  purchase  for  the 
United  States  the  articles  contained  in  the  list  hereto  annexed,  being 
part  of  the  cargo  of  the  French  ship  Le  Fier  Roderrique,  as  cheap  as  he 
can,  not  exceeding  the  price  following,  viz,  £450  Virginia  money  for 
every  £100  sterling,  to  be  paid  in  tobacco  at  10  dollars  per  hundred, 
and  that  a  letter  be  written  to  his  excellency  explaining  the  principle 
of  such  limitation. 

LIST   OF   ARTICLES. 

.  .  .  Men's  silk  and  woolen  stockings;  woolen  caps;  the  differ- 
ent kinds  of  buckles;  uniform  buttons  for  officers  and  soldiers;  sleeve 
buttons;  red  cadis  for  the  linings  of  uniforms;  coarse  and  fine  shirts; 
woolen  blankets;  soldiers'  hats;  cloths,  fine,  for  officers;  ditto,  coarse, 
for  soldiers,  and  light  ditto  for  soldiers;  brass  inkstands;  white  flan- 
nel sewing  thread;  linen  spatterdashes  for  soldiers;  soldiers'  clothing, 
ready-made;  an  assortment  of  handkerchiefs;  .  .  .  wrist  bands 
for  shirts;  serges  of  different  colors,  viz,  scarlet,  sky-blue,  brown,  and 
white  for  linings;  an  assortment  of  sewing  silks,  men's  shoes,  soldiers' 
knapsacks;  an  assortment  of  brown  and  white  linens;  white  Malaga  in 
cases;  red  Burgundy  in  cases,  12  gross;  claret  in  casks;  20  casks  white 
wine  vinegar. 

June  11,  1778. — Patrick  Lockhart,  esq.,  was  appointed  to  procure  provisions  and 
other  necessaries  for  the  expedition  to  reduce  the  garrison  of  Detroit  and  compel 
terms  of  peace  from  such  of  the  Indian  nations  now  in  arms  against  the  States  lying 
on  or  contiguous  to  the  route  between  Fort  Pitt  and  Detroit.  The  expedition  was 
deferred  by  resolve  of  July  25,  1778. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  287 

July  8,  1778. 

Ordered,  That  the  clothier-general,  or  in  his  absence  his  deputy  in 
Philadelphia,  be  directed  immediately  to  make  out  and  lay  before 
Congress  an  exact  and  particular  invoice  of  all  and  every  kind  of 
goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  which  have  been  purchased  or  taken 
up  by  the  clothier-general  or  any  of  his  deputies  within  this  city, 
together  with  a  list  of  names  of  the  persons  of  whom  they  have  been 
purchased  and  from  whom  taken,  and  the  prices  at  which  they  were 
purchased. 

July  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  be  directed  to  furnish  the 
French  squadron,  under  Mons.  le  Count  d'Estaing,  vice-admiral  of 
France,  with  such  provisions,  from  time  to  time,  as  shall  be  directed 
by  the  Murine  Committee,  and  to  make  return  of  his  proceedings  and 
expenditures  on  this  occasion  to  that  committee 

August  18,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  and  directed  to  take 
such  measures  with  regard  to  the  making  up,  storing,  and  transporting 
the  imported  clothing  mentioned  in  the  resolutions  of  Congress  of  the 
28th  of  May  last  as  to  them  shall  seem  expedient  and  best  adapted  to 
present  circumstances,  anything  contained  in  the  said  resolutions  not- 
withstanding. 

August  %,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  do  procure  in 
Pennsjlvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  on  the  most  reasonable 
terms,  20,000  barrels  of  flour. 

That  the  said  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  directed  to  pro- 
cure vessels  for  the  transportation  of  the  flour  aforesaid,  and  that  he 
give  timely  notice  of  the  sailing  of  said  vessels,  and  confer  thereon 
with  the  Marine  Committee,  to  the  end  that  convoy  may  be  obtained 
and  the -destination  thereof  directed.1 

August  m,  1778. 

The  Board  of  War  report  that  the  commissaries-general  of  purchases 
and  issues  have  represented  to  them  that,  from  the  moving  state  of  the 
Army,  many  parts  of  the  ration  as  established  by  Congress,  can  not 
frequently  be  obtained,  and,  from  the  peculiar  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  supplies,  there  is  sometimes  an  overquantity  of  one  article, 
w  file  others  arc  extremely  scarce,  some  of  the  States  affording  greater 
quantities  of  meat,  while  others  abound  more  in  flour;  and  that  from 
hence  great  embarrassments  arise  in  the  delivery  of  the  stated  ration; 
and  that  under  such  fluctuating  circumstances,  which  change  with  the 
motions  of  the  Army,  it  is  impracticable  and  troublesome  to  apply  to 
Congress  on  every  alteration  of  situations;  whereupon 

lusnl r.d .  That  the  (  omniander  in  ( 'hief  of  the  armies  of  the  United 

1  This  action  was  baaed  on  the  report  of  the  committee,  to  whom  the  letter  of  the 
commissary-general  of  purchases  was  referred,  "that  the  transportation  of  flour  to 
the  Eastern  States  by  sea  is  wise  and  necessary." 


288       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

States  shall,  in  the  army  under  his  immediate  command,  and  the  com 
mander  of  a  department  shall,  in  the  army  under  his  command,  settle 
and  determine,  according  to  circumstances,  the  ration  to  be  issued  to 
the  troops  from  time  to  time,  giving  an  overproportion  of  a  plentiful 
article  in  lieu  and  in  full  satisfaction  of  such  as  are  scarce  or  not  to  be 
had,  and  which  have  been  heretofore  deemed  part  of  the  ration, 
reporting  from  time  to  time  to  the  Board  of  War  such  alterations  and 
regulations  by  them  respectively  made  in  this  respect. 

September  1,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  empowered 
and  directed  to  appoint  and  remove  at  his  pleasure  an  inspector  of  cat- 
tle, at  a  salary  of  four  dollars  a  day,  with  an  allowance  of  one  ration  a 
day  and  forage  for  one  horse. 

That  the  duty  of  the  said  inspector  shall  be  to  receive  and  take 
account  of  the  fat  cattle  at  camp  from  the  several  drovers;  to  inspect 
over  the  bullock  guard  and  pastures;  to  superintend  the  butchers,  and 
see  that  no  cattle  are  killed  but  those  tit  for  use;  to  keep  accounts  of 
the  beef  delivered  to  the  brigade  commissaries,  and  settle  the  same 
with  them  every  month;  to  see  that  the  hides  and  tallow  are  seasonably 
delivered  to  the  commissary  of  hides,  and  to  superintend  and  regulate 
everything  relating  to  beef  cattle  at  camp. 

That  he  report  monthly  his  proceedings  to  the  Board  of  War,  and  all 
occurrences  worthy  of  notice  within  the  line  of  his  duty. 

September  2,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislative  or  executive 
powers  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  States  southward  thereof 
to  permit  such  vessels  to  load  with  flour,  wheat,  rice,  corn,  pease,  or 
beans  for  the  Eastern  States  as  shall  come  recommended  by  the 
executive  powers  of  such  States,  or  any  of  them,  to  carry  provisions 
for  the  consumption  of  the  people  of  those  States. 

September  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Washington  be  informed  that 
Congress  have  given  orders  for  the  purchase  of  20,000  barrels  of 
flour,  to  be  transported  by  water  for  that  purpose;  and  that  he  be 
authorized  and  directed  to  fix  on  the  places  where  the  said  magazines 
shall  be  established,  and  to  give  the  necessary  orders  to  the  .  .  . 
Commissary-General  for  carrying  this  resolution  into  execution. 

September  12,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  be  directed  to 
give  orders  to  his  deputies  and  assistants  forthwith  to  deliver  to  the 
commissary  of  forage  and  his  deputies  the  bad  wheat  and  offals  of 
wheat  which  they  at  present  have,  or  may  hereafter,  in  their  respec- 
tive possessions;  and  further,  that  the  said  commissar-general  issue 
orders  to  the  purchasers  to  be  careful  not  to  purchase,  in  future,  dam- 
aged wheat,  as  the  same  is  found  by  experience  extremely  injurious, 
even,  for  the  purposes  of  forage. 

September  19,  1778. — Mr.  Mease  asked  Congress  to  appoint  some  one  in  his  place. 
Nothing,  however,  was  done,  and  January  9,  1781,  Congress  requested  that  the 
attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania  institute  proceeding  against  him  for  breach  of  trust 
and  abuse  of  office. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  289 

October  2,  1778. 1 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  legislative  or, 
when  vested  with  sufficient  power,  to  the  executive  authorities  of  the 
States  above  mentioned  [New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Dela- 
ware, Maryland,  and  Virginia]  to  authorize  and  direct  any  civil  magis- 
trate within  their  respective  jurisdictions,  on  an  information  given  by 
the  commissary  .  .  .  general,  or  by  the  deputy  commissary  .  .  . 
general  of  the  respective  districts,  of  any  extraordinary  quantity  of 
grain  or  flour  being  purchased  and  in  the  possession  of  individuals, 
forthwith  to  issue  his  warrant  empowering  the  informant  to  seize  the 
same  for  the  public  use,  paying  for  the  same  such  prices  as  to  the  respec- 
tive legislatures  appear  proper,  to  prevent  the  practice  of  engrossing 
those  articles  in  future. 

*  *  •  * 

Resolved,  That  the  embargo  on  provisions,  which,  by  the  resolution 
of  the  8th  day  of  June  last,  was  laid  until  the  15th  day  of  November 
next,  be  continued  in  force,  subject  to  such  exceptions  as  are  recom- 
mended bjT  the  resolution  of  September  2d,  till  the  last  day  of  January, 
1779,  or  until  such  time  as  Congress  shall  give  notice  to  the  respective 
States  that  sufficient  supplies  have  been  obtained  for  the  operations  of 
the  Army  and  for  the  French  squadron;  and  that  it  be  recommended 
to  the  respective  States  to  take  the  most  effective  measures  for  carry- 
ing this  resolution  into  effect- 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  legislative  and 
executive  authorities  of  the  respective  States  not  to  grant  any  exemp- 
tion from  embargo  to  any  vessels  whatever,  unless,  in  addition  to  the 
former  security  recommended,  the  persons  applying  for  the  same  com- 
ply with  the  following  stipulations,  to  wit: 

*  *  * 

That  the  shippers  shall  first  agree  with  the  Commissary-General,  or 
person  by  him  duly  authorized  for  such  purpose,  on  the  price  for 
which  the  flour  shipped  shall  be  delivered  at  one  of  the  posts  in  the 
Eastern  States  for  the  public  use. 

Resolved,  That  the  exemption  from  the  embargo,  as  recommended 
by  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  September  2d,  be  extended  to  vessels 
belonging  to  the  Middle  and  Southern  as  well  as  those  of  the  Eastern 
States,  under  the  restrictions  and  stipulations  above  mentioned. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  be  authorized  to  despatch 
provisions  vessels  to  the  eastward,  with  or  without  convoy,  as  in  his 
judgment  shall  be  most  conducive  to  the  certain  and  speedy  supply  of 
those  articles  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States  and  the  fleet  of 
Count  d'Estaing,  notwithstanding  any  resolution  of  Congress  hereto- 
fore made  on  this  subject. 

October  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Joseph  Clay,  esq.,  deputy  paymaster-general,  in  the 
State  of  Georgia,  be  empowered  and  directed  to  pay  into  the  hands  of 
the  deputy  commissary,     .     .     .     and  the  deputy  clothier-general  in 

'This  resolve  was  adopted  because  of  the  scantiness  of  the  crops  of  wheat  and 
other  grain  in  the  States  mentioned  therein  and  to  defeat  the  operations  of  numerous 
speculators,  forestallers,  and  engrossers. 

S.  Doc.  229 19 


290       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  said  State  (they  obtaining  a  warrant  from  the  commanding  officer 
in  the  Southern  Department)  such  sum  or  sums  of  money  as  may  be 
wanting  in  their  respective  departments.     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  commissary,  .  .  .  and  the  deput}r 
clothier-general,  in  the  State  of  Georgia,  when  they  deliver  their 
respective  accounts  of  expenditures  to  the  deputy  pajmiaster-general, 
do  cause  to  be  specified,  on  the  receipts  of  the  said  accounts,  that  the 
same  were  paid  in  Continental  currency,  and  that  the  sum  be  fully 
expressed  in  words. 

October  16,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  pro- 
vide a  suitable  supply  of  provisions  for  the  said  troops  [guarding  at 
Charlottsville,  Va. ,  British  prisoners  under  the  convention  of  Saratoga]. 

That  the  commissary-general  of  issues  appoint  a  suitable  person  to 
issue  provisions  to  the  said  troops  and  to  keep  a  regular  account 
thereof. 

That  regular  accounts  for  provisions  and  fuel  be  made  and  trans- 
mitted, from  time  to  time,  to  the  Board  of  War. 

October  19,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Major  James  Gray  be  appointed  deputy  commissary- 
general  of  issues  in  the  Northern  Department. 

October  22, 1778. 

Whereas  upon  the  evacuation  of  this  city  [Philadelphia]  by  the  Brit- 
ish army  certain  seizures  were  made  of  goods  and  effects  supposed  to 
belong  to  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain,  antl  other  goods  were  taken 
up  under  contracts  entered  into  with  the  inhabitants  of  this  city  by 
the  officers  in  the  departments  of  the  .  .  .  clothier  and  commis- 
sary generals,  and  a  committee  hath  been  appointed  by  Congress  to 
examine  into  the  conduct  of  the  said  officers  in  making  the  said  seizures 
and  contracts,  that  justice  may  be  done  to  the  public  and  individuals, 
but  report  hath  not  yet  been  made: 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  direct  such  of  the  said  goods,  whether 
seized  or  contracted  for,  as  may  be  wanted  for  the  immediate  use  of 
the  Army,  especially  for  clothing,  to  be  appropriated  for  that  purpose; 
and  that  the  Board  of  War  direct  that  the  proper  accounts  be  kept  of 
the  goods  so  appropriated,  the  quantity  and  quality,  and  of  whom 
seized  and  with  whom  contracted  for. 

October  26, 1778. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  future  no  wheat  be  purchased  for  forage  by 
any  person  for  the  use  of  the  United  States   unless  Congress   shall 

order  otherwise. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  whenever  it  may  be  necessary  to  emplo3T  merchant 
vessels  on  account  of  these  United  States  the  same  ought  to  be  char- 
tered rather  than  purchased;  and  that  the  Commissary-General,  agent, 
or  contractor,  on  behalf  of  these  United  States,  if  he  shall,  at  any  time, 
find  it  expedient  to  take  into  the  service  of  the  Government  vessels  to 
be  employed  as  transports  on  the  high  seas,  and  such  vessels  can  not 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  291 

be  obtained  without  insurance  on  the  part  of  Government,  shall  cause 
the  value  thereof  to  be  ascertained  by  three  reputable  men  having 
knowledge  in  such  business,  on  oath  and  under  their  hands  and  seals; 
which  said  valuation  shall  be  invested  in  the  charter  party,  and  any 
loss  that  may  arise  to  the  owner  or  owners  by  means  of  the  enemy 
shall  be  paid  according  to  the  common  course  of  insurance. 

October  28,  1778. — T.  B.  Girardeau,  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  in  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia,  resigned.  General  Howe  provisionally  appointed  Mr.  Mor- 
decai  Shetfall  in  his  place. 

November  7,  1*78. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and 
issues  and  their  deputies  be  directed  to  comply  with  such  requisitions 
as  shall  be  made  to  them,  from  time  to  time,  by  the  commissary -general 
of  prisoners,  for  such  articles  of  provisions  as  shall  be  necessary  to 
furnish  the  British  prisoners  agreeably  to  the  above  direction  of 
Congress. 

November  10,  1778. 

Whereas  it  has  become  necessary  not  only  that  speedy  and  vigorous 
measures  should  be  taken  to  regulate  the  commissary's  .  .  .  depart- 
ments, but  also  that  constant  attention  should  be  paid  to  those  depart- 
ments: 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Scudder,  Mr.  G.  Morris,  and  Mr.  Whipple  be 
a  committee  to  superintend  the  same  departments,  and  that  they,  or 
any  two  of  them,  be  empowered  to  take  such  steps  relating  to  the 
same  as  they  shall  think  most  for  the  public  service. 

November  30,  1778. — Mr.  Searle  was  added  to  the  committee  on  the  clothier's 
department. 

December  1,  1778. 

Congress  took  into  consideration  a  report  from  the  Board  of  War  of 
the  14th  of  August  last,  wherein  the  board  sets  forth — 

That  Colonel  George  Morgan,  purchasing  commissary  for  the  Western 
Department,  has  represented  to  the  board  the  necessity  of  preparing 
immediately  for  the  laying  of  such  magazines  of  provisions  as  shall  be 
sufficient  for  the  troops  maintained  for  the  detense  of  the  Western 
frontiers;  that  for  the  supply  of  1,300  men  for  ten  months,  617,500 
lbs.  of  flour,  a  like  quantity  of  fresh  beef  or  494,000  lbs.  of  pork  will 
be  necessary;  the  cost  of  which,  with  1,500  gallons  of  whiskey,  will 
amount  to  204,000  dollars;     .     .     .     whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  Colonel  George  Morgan,  commissary  of  provisions 
for  the  Western  district,  be  furnished  with  204,000  dollars,  to  enable 
him  to  form  magazines  of  provisions  for  the  use  of  that  department 
the  year  ensuing. 

January  1,  1779. — "The  brigade  commissaries  are  to  deliver  their  hides  and  tallow 
to  the  commissary  of  hides  at  Boundbrook."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle- 
brook.) 

January  21,  1779. — "The  deputy  clothier-general  is  to  issue  a  woolen  cap  to  each 
effective  man  present  belonging  to  the  brigades  in  this  camp  on  returns  made  by  the 
commanding  officers  of  brigades,  countersigned  by  the  Adjutant-General." 

"The  brigade  commissaries  are  regularly  to  turn  in  all  the  catties'  horns  and  feet 
at  least  once  a  week."     (Orders,  <;,n>i<<l  Ifradquartrrs,  Middlebrook.) 

January  28,  1779. — "John  Mehelm,  esq.  [is]  appointed  commissary  of  hides  for 
the  State  of  New  Jersey."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middlebrook.) 


292       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY 

February  1, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  give  such  directions  as  he  may 
think  proper  for  arranging  the  commissary's  .  .  .  departments 
to  the  westward,  any  resolutions  of  Congress  notwithstanding;     .     .     . 

March  5, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  commissary  of  purchases  and  clothier- 
general  and  such  of  their  deputies  as  they  shall  appoint  for  that  purpose 
be,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  pay  all  certificates 
(of  the  authenticity  whereof  they  are  or  shall  be  satisfied)  for  provi- 
sions, .  .  .  clothing,  or  other  articles  within  the  line  of  their 
respective  departments,  furnished  by  the  inhabitants  to  the  troops  or 
detachments,  or  in  cases  of  necessity,  where  supplies  could  not  be 
obtained  in  a  regular  course;  for  which  sums  so  to  be  paid  they  shall 
be  allowed  for  their  trouble  one-half  per  cent  and  no  more.  The  evi- 
dence of  such  supplies  being  furnished  shall,  so  far  as  regards  the  party 
of  whom  received,  be  the  certificates  of  the  officers  receiving  them. 
But  the  officers  in  the  said  departments,  the  clothiers  excepted,  paying 
the  same  shall  notify  the  officers  who  gave  such  certificates  to  render 
an  account  of  the  application  of  the  articles  so  received,  and  the  said 
officers  are  hereby  directed  to  render  such  account  accordingly;  and 
the  said  .  .  .  commissary-general  and  their  deputies  so  paying 
the  said  certificates  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  examine 
and  settle  the  said  accounts. 

*  *  * 

The  clothier-general  or  his  deputies  shall  transmit  to  the  commis- 
sioner appointed  for  settling  the  accounts  of  the  arrearages  of  cloth- 
ing due  to  the  soldiers  in  the  Army  copies  of  such  certificates  as  shall 
be  paid  by  him,  that  the  officers  signing  the  certificates  may  be  called 
on  by  the  said  commissioner  to  render  an  account  of  the  distribution 
of  the  articles,  which  shall  be  duly  charged  to  the  men  who  have 
received  them.  In  case  of  misconduct  of  any  officer  signing  a  certifi- 
cate, the  like  proceedings  shall  be  had,  on  the  application  and  report 
of  the  commissioner  of  clothing,  as  are  hereinbefore  directed. 

No  certificate  given  before  this  date  shall  be  paid  unless  the  same 
be  presented  for  payment  within  six  months  from  this  day;  and  no 
certificate  hereafter  given  shall  be  paid  unless  presented  to  the  proper 
officer  within  three  months  after  the  date  thereof. 

And  whereas  it  will  be  necessary  that  in  future  certificates  be  more 
formally  authenticated,  to  prevent  many  inconveniences  which  may 
arise  similar  to  those  already  experienced: 

Resolved,  That  certificates  hereafter  given  by  commissioned  officers 
for  articles  received  for  the  use  of  the  Army  be  signed  with  their 
names  at  full  length  and  the  rank  they  hold,  and  if  under  a  general 
officer,  that  the  regiment  to  which  they  belong  be  added; 

That  the  particular  articles  received  be  inserted  in  the  body  of  the 
certificate,  their  value,  the  time  when  and  place  where  received,  in 
letters  and  not  in  figures; 

That  the  certificates  be  directed  to  the  principal  of  the  department, 
whose  duty  it  is  to  provide  the  articles  so  received,  or  his  nearest 
deputy,  separate  certificates  to  be  given  whensoever  the  articles  apper- 
tain to  the  several  departments; 


THE   SUBSISTENCE   DEPARTMENT.  293 

That  officers  keep  exact  copies  of  the  certificates  they  give,  and 
transmit  other  copies  to  the  nearest  deputy  or  agent  in  the  department, 
giving  him  the  necessary  information  respecting  the  business. 

That  the  deputies  transmit  copies  of  all  the  certificates  they  pay  to 
their  principals,  that  enquiry  may  be  made  whether  the  giving  the 
certificates  was  necessaiy  for  the  public  service  and  whether  the  things 
received  have  been  properly  applied. 

March  12,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be,  and  hereby  is,  ordered,  if 
there  be  any  of  the  goods  on  hand  by  him  taken  from  the  merchants 
of  Philadelphia  at  the  time  of  the  evacuation  of  the  city  by  the  enemy 
and  not  fit  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  to  return  such  goods  to  the  persons 
from  whom  they  were  taken  without  delay;  that  for  all  such  goods  as 
he  has  sold  to  private  persons  he  pay  to  the  persons  from  whom  they 
were  taken  the  sums  for  which  they  were  sold. 

*  *  * 

That  the  clothier-general  .  .  .  pay  to  the  memorialists  from 
whom  goods  were  taken  for  public  use  the  current  price  of  the  same 
at  the  time  the  said  goods  were  taken. 

March  13,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  ...  be  directed  to  lay 
before  Congress  without  delay  a  full  account  of  the  sales  and  distri- 
bution of  the  goods  taken  from  the  inhabitants  of  Philadelphia  when 
that  city  was  evacuated  by  the  enemy. 

March  16, 1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army  be 
put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to  arrests, 
trials,  and  punishments. 

Whereas  the  issuing  commissaries  of  provisions  are  by  their  appoint- 
ments attached  to  particular  departments,  which  from  a  change  of 
circumstances  and  position  of  the  Army  is  become  inconvenient: 

Resolved,  therefore,  That  all  issuing  commissaries  shall  for  the  future 
attend  and  perform  the  duties  of  their  office  at  such  places  and  with 
such  detachments  of  the  Army  as  shall  be  directed  by  the  Commander 
in  Chief  or  commissary-general  of  issues. 

March  23, 1779. 

ORDINANCE  for  regulating  the  clothing  department  for  the  armies  of  the  United 

States. 

There  shall  be  a  clothier-general,  a  sub  or  State  clothier  for  each 
State,  and  a  regimental  clothier. 

The  clothier-general  is  to  be  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  Board  of 
War  and  Commander  in  Chief.  He  Is  to  furnish  estimates  of  the  supplies 
wanted  for  the  Army;  to  apply  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  Board 
of  War  for  assistance  therein;  to  make  returns  of  such  estimates  to 
them  respectively;  to  receive  all  supplies  imported  from  abroad  and 
purchased  in  the  country  by  continental  agents;  to  superintend  the 


294      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF.  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

distribution  thereof  among  the  State  clothiers;  to  settle  accounts  with 
them  at  least  every  six  months;  to  keep  regular  accounts  of  all  the 
clothing  he  shall  receive,  as  well  as  the  distribution  thereof  among 
the  State  clothiers;  and  to  transmit  his  accounts  twice  in  every  year 
to  the  Board  of  Treasury  and  settle  them  in  the  chambers  of  accounts 
when  required;  and,  generally,  to  take  care  on  the  one  hand  that  justice 
is  done  to  the  public,  on  the  other  that  the  Army  receive  whatever 
shall  be  allowed  them  in  a  regular,  direct,  and  seasonable  manner;  and 
at  the  same  time  so  to  act  between  the  continent  and  each  particular 
State  that  equal  and  impartial  justice. may  be  done  on  all  sides. 

THE   SUB   OR  STATE   CLOTHIER. 

A  sub  or  State  clothier  is  to  be  appointed  by  each  State,  respec- 
tively, to  reside  with  or  near  the  Army,  or  such  detachment  thereof  in 
which  the  troops  of  the  said  State  may  be,  as  the  Commander  in  Chief 
shall  direct,  the  better  to  know  and  supply  their  wants.  The  State 
appointing  him  is  to  be  answerable  for  his  conduct.  In  case  of  neglect 
or  misbehavior  he  is  to  be  displaced  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  and 
his  successor  to  be  appointed  by  the  State  to  which  he  belonged.  He 
is  to  receive  from  the  clothier-general  the  proportion  of  clothing 
assigned  for  the  troops  of  his  State  out  of  the  public  clothing  imported 
or  purchased  by  continental  agents,  and  from  the  State  for  which  he 
is  appointed  all  the  clothing  which  may  at  continental  expense  be  pur- 
chased in  such  State.  Of  the  latter,  their  quality  and  price,  he  shall 
transmit  exact  accounts  to  the  clothier-general,  and,  when  required, 
submit  the  several  articles  to  the  inspection  of  the  clothier-general  or 
any  person  for  that  purpose  deputed  by  him.  He  is  to  issue  all  cloth- 
ing supplied  as  aforesaid  to  the  regimental  clothiers  on  returns  signed 
by  the  commanding  officers  of  regiments.  He  is  to  keep  exact  returns 
with  each  regiment,  inspect  those  of  the  regimental  clothiers,  see  that 
the  articles  delivered  them  are  duly  issued  to  the  troops,  and  that  all 
the  clothing  procured  at  continental  expense,  above  the  allowance  made 
by  Congress,  drawn  by  noncommissioned  officers  and  privates  is  charged 
to  them  and  credited  to  the  pay  roll,  and  that  the  commissioned  officers 
receive  what  is  credited  to  them  and  no  more.  He  is  to  keep  exact 
accounts  with  the  clothier-general  in  behalf  of  the  public,  charging  the 
United  States  with  only  what  is  allowed  to  the  officers  and  men. 
Whenever  the  troops  of  any  State  shall  have  received  their  proportion 
of  clothing  from  the  continental  stores,  the  supplies  purchased  at  con- 
tinental expense  by  the  State  to  which  they  belong,  or  from  both,  and 
there  shall  remain  a  surplus  which  may  be  wanted  for  other  troops  not 
fully  supplied,  the  subclothier  possessed  thereof  is  to  deliver  over  the 
surplus  to  such  other  State  clothier  as  the  clothier-general  shall  direct, 
taking  duplicate  invoices  and  receipts  from  the  State  clothier  to  whom 
they  shall  be  transferred,  one  set  of  which  he  is  to  deposit  with  the 
clothier-general  and  the  other  to  remain  as  his  own  voucher,  the 
clothier-general  on  his  part  making  proper  entries  in  his  accounts,  to 
do  justice  to  all  concerned. 

When,  from  a  deficiency  in  the  public  store,  the  troops  of  any  State 
shall  not  have  received  their  allowance  of  clothing,  the  State  clothier 
is  without  delay  to  represent  their  wants,  particularly  enumerated  in 
a  return  for  that  purpose,  to  the  executive  authority  of  the  State  to 
which  he  belongs,  requesting  a  speedy  and  adequate  supply. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  295 

And  in  case  a  State,  at  its  own  expense,  shall  give  and  deposit  with 
him  any  clothing,  for  the  more  comfortable  subsistence  of  its  quota  of 
troops,  in  addition  to  the  allowance  made  by  Congress,  he  is  strictly  to 
pursue  the  directions  of  such  State,  as  well  with  respect  to  the  distri- 
bution as  the  vouchers  for  the  delivery  and  the  manner  and  time  of 
settling  his  accounts,  transmitting  once  in  every  six  months  a  copy  of 
such  accounts  to  the  clothier-general,  and  as  often,  and  whenever 
required,  to  the  State  to  which  he  belongs. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  And  to  prevent  in  future  unequal  distribution  of  clothing 
either  to  the  officers  or  soldiers,  and  the  confusion  and  complaints, 
which  have  heretofore  been  occasioned  by  irregular  applications  from 
commanding  officers  of  regiments  to  public  agents  in  different  parts,  it 
is  hereby  strictly  enjoined  on  those  agents,  the  clothier-general,  and 
the  sub  or  State  clothiers  to  issue  no  clothing  on  any  pretence  whatso- 
ever but  in  the  manner  before  prescribed,  nor  shall  any  article  be  cred- 
ited to  either  of  them  on  settlement  of  their  accounts  which  is  not  to 
be  issued  and  vouched. 

And  whereas  discretionary  changes  of  the  uniforms  of  regiments 
have  proved  inconvenient  and  expensive,  the  Commander  in  Chief  is 
therefore  hereby  authorized  and  directed,  according  to  the  circum- 
stances of  supplies  and  clothing,  to  fix  and  prescribe  the  uniform,  as 
well  with  regard  to  the  color  and  facings  as  the  cut  or  fashion  of  the 
clothes,  to  be  worn  by  the  troops  of  the  respective  States  and  regi- 
ments, which  shall,  as  far  as  possible,  be  complied  with  by  all  pur- 
chasing agents  employed  by  Congress,  as  well  as  particular  States,  by 
the  clothier-general,  sub  or  State  clothiers,  and  regimental  clothiers, 
and  all  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  armies  of  the  United  States.  And 
where  materials  can  be  purchased  instead  of  ready-made  clothes  it 
shall  always  be  preferred,  in  order  that  they  may  be  made  up  by  the 
tailors  of  the  several  regiments,  to  save  expense  and  prevent  the  dis- 
ud vantages  which  the  soldiers  frequently  suffer  from  their  unfitness; 
and  instead  of  breeches,  woolen  overalls  for  the  winter  and  linen  for 
the  summer  are  to  be  substituted. 

That  the  board  of  war  prepare  and  transmit  instructions  and  forms, 
according  to  which  the  several  clothiers  are  to  conduct  the  business 
and  settle  their  accounts;  and  that  the  board  of  war  report  to  Congress 
the  proper  salaries  or  allowances  to  be  made  to  the  several  clothiers 
for  their  services. 

March  88,  1779. — " The  Commander  in  Chief  directs  that  the  following  ration  be 
delivered  to  the  Army  until  further  orders:  21  ounces  of  beef,  or  18  ounces  of  pork; 
16  ounces  of  bread  or  flour;  1  gill  of  spirits  occasionally.  ,  The  usual  quantity  of  soap 
and  candles."     [Orders  General Heaaqwarttrt,  Middle-Brook.) 

March  SI,  1779. — In  view  of  the  great  fidelity,  prudence,  care,  and  economy  which 
characterised  the  services  of  the  late  Commissary-General  Trumbull,  Congress  author- 
ized the  following  allowances  for  the  benefit  of  his  heirs,  viz:  A  commission  of  £  per 
cent  on  the  gross  sum  of  all  moneys  received  and  disbursed  by  him;  also,  a  commis- 
sion of  2\  per  centon  such  sums  aa  appeared  to  have  been  laid  out  in  purchases  made 
by  himself;  and,  i\  nail  V,  a  further  commission  of  £  per  centon  the  gross  sums  received, 
as  a  compensation  for  his  extra  services  in  issuing,  purveying,  quartermaster's  duties, 
and  various  contingencies  of  office,  extra  expense!,  etc. 

April  6,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  clothier- 
general  have  a  salary  of  5,000  dollars  per  annum. 
Whereas  the  duties  of  the  sub  or  State  clothiers  who  are  to  be 


296       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

appointed  according  to  the  late  regulations  of  the  clothier's  depart- 
ment will  be  very  unequal,  the  quota  of  battalions  of  the  several  States 
differing: 

Resolved,  That  each  State  determine  and  pay  the  salary  proper  for 
its  clothier,  and  that  each  State  clothier  shall  be  allowed  two  rations 
and  forage  for  one  horse  per  day  during  the  time  he  is  in  actual  serv- 
ice with  the  Army  and  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same; 

That  the  regimental  clothiers  have  an  allowance  of  30  dollars  per 
month  in  addition  to  their  present  appointment; 

That  the  clothier-general  be  authorized  to  employ  one  clerk,  who 
shall  receive  the  same  allowance  as  the  clerks  of  the  auditors  of  the 
Army. 

April  8,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  authorized  to 
appoint  persons  to  purchase  necessaries  for  the  Arnry  until  the  further 
order  of  Congress. 

May  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  200  dollars  per  month  be  allowed  to  the 
deputy  commissary -general  of  issues,  to  commence  from  the  1st  day  of 
January  last; 

That  the  assistant  commissaries  of  issues  at  every  magazine,  post, 
or  brigade  of  the  Army  be  allowed  90  dollars  per  month,  and  the  clerks 
of  the  commissar-general  and  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues 
the  sum  of  80  dollars  per  month; 

That  the  clerks  of  the  brigade  commissaries  and  those  at  posts  and 
magazines  be  allowed  50  dollars  per  month;  but  no  such  clerk  to  be 
employed  where  the  daily  issues  do  not  equal  400  rations; 

That  a  clerk  of  the  scales  be  allowed  35  dollars  per  month; 

That  every  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues  be  entitled  to  forage 
for  two  horses; 

That  every  brigade  commissary  be  entitled  to  forage  for  one  horse; 
and  whensoever  the  duty  of  the  department  requires  the  commissaries 
at  posts  and  magazines  to  travel,  the  quartermaster  at  the  post  shall 
furnish  a  horse  for  the  occasion; 

When  the  [duty  of  the]  deputy  of  an  assistant  commissaiy  absolutely 
requires  that  he  should  travel,  he  shall  be  allowed  three  dollars  for 
every  day  he  shall  so  necessarily  travel  for  and  toward  his  expenses 
on  the  journey; 

That  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  issues  shall  once  in  six 
months  visit  all  the  magazines,  posts,  and  issuing  stores  in  their  respec- 
tive districts,  to  examine  the  state  of  the  provisions  and  stores,  and 
see  that  their  assistants  are  punctual  w  the  discharge  of  their  duty, 
and  they  shall  be  allowed  three  dollars  per  day  for  their  traveling 
expenses  in  making  such  circuits; 

That  an  active  list  of  all  the  commissaries  of  issues  be  made  out  once 
in  every  three  months  and  lodged  with  the  Board  of  War;  and  ever}' 
such  commissary  who  shall  have  been  in  the  department  for  one  year 
previous  to  this  date,  and  now  continues  therein,  shall  be  entitled  to 
draw  out  of  the  clothier-general's  store  one  suit  of  clothes  for  himself 
and  one  suit  for  his  clerk,  to  be  paid  for  at  the  same  rate  that  officers 
in  the  line  are  charged  for  the  same;  and  that  they  continue  annually 
to  do  the  same  until  Congress  shall  order  otherwise. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE   DEPAETMENT.  297 

June  U,  1779. 

According  to  the  order  of  the  day,  Congress  proceeded  to  the  elec- 
tion of  a  clothier-general;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  Peter  Wikoff  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 
by  Mr.  Armstrong. 

July  9,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  executive  powers  of  each  State  be  earnestly 
requested  instantly  to  make  the  strictest  inquiry  into  the  conduct  of 
every  person  within  such  State  respectively  employed,  either  in  .  .  . 
or  purchasing,  or  issuing  Commissary-General's  Department,  and  in 
case  of  any  kind  of  misbehavior,  or  strong  suspicion  thereof,  in  any 
such  person  not  being  an  officer  immediately  appointed  by  Congress, 
to  remove  or  suspend  every  such  person,  ordering  him  at  their  discre- 
tion to  be  prosecuted  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States,  and  to  appoint 
another  in  his  place  if  necessary,  and  so,  from  time  to  time,  as  occa- 
sion may  be,  giving  notice  to  the  Board  of  War  and  also  to  the  ?•  .  . 
Commissary-General  in  whose  department  such  removal  or  suspension 
shall  be  of  the  change;  the  person  so  appointed  to  have  the  same 
authority  and  pay  which  the  person  removed  had  been  vested  with 
and  entitled  to,  or  such  pay  as  the  said  executive  powers,  respectively, 
shall  agree  for,  to  be  in  like  manner  subject  to  the  head  of  the  depart- 
ment to  which  he  belongs,  and  to  observe  all  the  regulations  for  the 
government  of  .  .  .  deputy  commissaries,  respectively ;  and  that 
the  executive  powers  of  each  State  be  in  like  manner  requested  to 
inquire  into  the  number  of  persons  employed  in  the  .  .  .  Com- 
missaiy's  Department,  and  immediately  to  discharge  such  as  shall  be 
judged  unnecessary. 

July  IS,  1779. 

Mr.  Persifer  Frazer  was  nominated  b}^  Mr.  McKean  for  the  office 
of  clothier-general; 
Congress  proceeded  to  the  election;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Mr.  Persifer  Frazer  was  elected. 

July  19,  1779. — Mr.  Frazer  declined  office  of  clothier-general. 

July  23,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  whensoever  the  business  of  the  hide  department  shall 
require  it  in  any  State,  the  Board  of  War  be  authorized  and  directed  to 
appoint  a  proper  person  to  be  commissary  of  hides  therein,  removable 
by  the  said  board  for  mismanagement,  or  when  by  the  alteration  of 
circumstances  in  the  particular  State  no  such  officer  is  further  neces- 
sary; provided,  that  when  the  business  of  the  Department  will  admit 
of  it,  two  or  more  States  may,  by  the  said  board,  be  put  under  the 
direction  of  one  commissary; 

That  the  Board  of  War  draw  up  instructions  from  time  to  time  for 
the  direction  and  government  ot  the  commissaries  of  hides  in  the 
respective  States,  and  they  arc  hereby  enjoined  to  regulate  their  con- 
duct by  such  instructions; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  executive  powers  of  the  respective 
States  in  which  commissaries  of  hides  are  thought  necessary  to  be 
appointed  to  superintend  their  conduct,  and  in  case  of  delinquency  to 


298       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

suspend  the  person  acting  in  that  office,  informing  Congress  or  the 
Board  of  War  thereof,  and  of  the  reason  on  which  such  suspension  is 
founded; 

That  the  clothier-general  have  the  superintendence  of  the  commis- 
saries of  hides,  and  that  he  be  allowed  a  clerk  extraordinary  to  enable 
him  to  transact  the  business  with  the  said  commissaries,  who  shall  make 
returns  at  least  quarterly  to  the  clothier-general,  and  he  shall  draw  the 
whole  of  the  returns  received  from  the  several  commissaries  into  a 
general  return  and  transmit  the  same  quarterly  to  the  Board  of  War; 

That  the  clothier-general  supply  moneys  from  time  to  time  to  the 
commissaries  in  the  respective  States,  to  enable  them  to  perform  their 
contracts  and  pay  their  assistants  and  clerks,  and  that  he  be  furnished 
with  money  accordingly  by  the  Board  of  Treasury,  on  estimates  signed 
by  the  Board  of  War; 

That  the  respective  commissaries  of  hides  have  so  man}r  assistants 
and  clerks  as  in  the  opinion  of  the  Board  of  War  the  circumstances  of 
their  business  shall  from  time  to  time  require; 

That  the  pay  of  a  commissary  of  hides  be  a  sum  not  exceeding  300 
dollars  per  month,  one  ration  per  day,  the  value  of  three  rations  more, 
as  it  now  is  or  hereafter  shall  be  settled  for  officers  in  the  line,  and 
forage  for  one  horse; 

That  the  pay  of  an  assistant  commissary  be  a  sum  not  exceeding  140 
dollars  per  month,  one  ration  per  day,  and  the  value  of  one  ration 
more  as  above  mentioned,  and  forage  for  one  horse. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  a  clerk  be  a  sum  not  exceeding  a  hundred 
dollars  per  month,  one  ration  per  day,  and  the  value  of  one  ration 
more  as  aforesaid. 

July  U,  1779. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  clothier-general;  and,  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  James  Wilkinson  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nomi- 
nated by  Mr.  Henry. 

August  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier  general  estimate  the  value  of  the  several 
articles  of  soldiers'  clothing  at  the  prices  they  were  respectively  worth 
at  the  end  of  the  year  1778,  and  forthwith  transmit  such  estimates  to 
the  paymasters  of  the  several  regiments,  who  shall  be  furnished  out 
of  the  military  chest  with  moneys  to  pay  the  soldiers  for  all  deficien- 
cies of  clothing,  at  the  estimated  prices  of  every  article  as  fixed  by 
the  clothier-general,  who  shall  henceforward  transmit  like  estimates 
before  the  close  of  every  year  during  the  war,  so  that  the  soldiers  be 
paid  by  the  regimental  paymaster,  according  to  such  estimates  annually, 
and  previous  to  their  discharge  when  the  same  happens  before  the  end 
of  the  year,  for  all  articles  of  clothing  allowed  them  by  the  resolution 
of  Congress  of  the  6th  of  September,  1777,  which  thej7  have  not 
received,  and  which  are  or  shall  be  due  to  them  after  the  year  last 
mentioned. 

August  17,  1779. 

Ordered,  That  two  members  be  added  to  the  committee  for  superin- 
tending the  departments  of  the     .     .     .     Commissary-General. 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Root  and  Mr.  Scudder. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  299 

September  1,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary  -general  of  purchases  be  directed  to 

appoint  a  deputy  for  the  special  purpose  of  providing  for  the  troops 

of  the  convention  of  Saratoga  and  their  guards  during  their  stay  in 

Virginia. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  he  give  orders  to  the  said  deputy  to  confine  his  pur- 
chases to  places  from  whence  supplies  for  the  armies  of  these  States 
can  not  conveniently  be  drawn. 

Resolved,  That  the  amounts  of  supplies  for  the  said  convention  troops 
be  kept  distinct  from  the  accounts  of  those  purchased  for  and  issued 
to  the  troops  of  the  United  States. 

September  4,  1779. — One  hundred  dollars  monthly  for  subsistence  allowed  every 
cornet  of  horse  until  further  orders. 

September  10,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  governments  of 
the  several  States  immediately  to  provide  large  quantities  of  clothing 
for  their  respective  quotas  of  troops. 

That  particular  attention  be  paid  to  the  articles  of  hats,  hose,  shirts, 
blankets,  and  shoes,  which  are  indispensably  necessary  and  immedi- 
ately wanted,  and  without  which  the  troops  must  severely  suffer. 

That  the  clothing  so  purchased  or  procured  by  the  States,  respec- 
tively, be  delivered  to  the  sub  or  State  clothiers  agreeably  to  the 
ordinance  of  the  23rd  of  March  last. 

That  the  sub  or  State  clothiers  make  regular  monthly  returns  to  the 
clothier-general  of  all  clothing  received  from  their  respective  States. 
*  *  * 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  inform 
the  executive  powers  of  the  several  States  from  time  to  time  of  any 
considerable  additions  to  the  stock  of  clothing  provided  bjr  the  United 
States,  by  importation  or  otherwise,  that  whensoever  all  or  any  con- 
siderable part  of  the  clothing  for  the  troops  is  or  shall  be  provided  by 
the  United  States,  the  governments  of  the  several  States  may  gease 
further  provisions. 

September- 17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  entertain  a  just  sense  of  the  exertions  of 
the  Board  of  War  in  superintending  and  directing  the  necessary  pur- 
chases of  clothing  for  the  Army,  and  of  their  constant  attention  to 
that  important  business,  and  that  it  is  necessary  that  the  board  should 
for  the  present  campaign,  and  until  some  more  expedient  arrangement 
can  be  adopted,  provide  by  (5 very  means  in  their  power,  and  upon  the 
best  terms  they  are  able,  the  necessary  supplies  of  clothing  as  aforesaid. 

September  27,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  a  member  be  added  to  the  committee  appointed  to 
superintend  the  .  .  .  Commissary-General's  departments,  and  that 
another  be  elected  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Whipple,  who  is  absent. 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Jenifer  and  Mr.  Mercer. 


300       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

September  30,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  J.  Bradford,  Continental  agent  at  Boston,  be 
directed  to  sell  and  deliver,  out  of  the  stores  of  these  United  States 
there,  to  the  State  of  New  York,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January 
next,  or  to  such  pej-son  or  persons  as  shall  be  authorized  by  them  for 
the  purpose,  any  quantity  of  sugar  and  rum,  not  exceeding  500  hogs- 
heads of  the  former  and  50  hogsheads  of  the  latter,  at  the  current 
wholesale  price  of  those  articles  in  cash;  and  that  it  be  recommended 
to  the  legislature  or  executive  powers  of  the  said  State  to  cause  the 
said  rum  and  sugar  to  be  sold  and  distributed  among  the  people  in 
such  manner  as  that  all  may  partake  of  the  benefit  intended  them, 
and  at  no  higher  price  than  will  raise  the  amount  of  the  prime  cost 
and  charges; 

That  the  marine  committee  be  directed  to  give  the  necessary  orders 
to  enable  the  Commissary-General  to  perform  his  engagements  actually 
made  with  the  people  for  sugar,  &c. 

•  *  * 

That  the  Commissary- General  be  informed  that,  although  the  neces- 
sity of  the  case  may  justify  his  using  the  expedient  in  this  instance, 
yet  Congress  can  not  approve  of  his  making  any  purchases  in  ordinal 
cases  otherways  than  for  money. 

October  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be  directed  to  give  the  necessary 
orders  to  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  and  the  commissary- 
general  of  issues  for  supplying  the  convention  troops  with  rations  of 
Indian  meal,  in  lieu  of  flour.     ... 

October  28,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be  authorized  to  purchase  a  quan- 
tity of  leather,  not  exceeding  100,000  lbs.  weight,  in  the  State  of 
South  Carolina. 

That  the  board  of  war  be  authorized  to  draw  upon  the  governor  of 
the  State  of  South  Carolina  for  such  sum  or  sums  as  will  be  necessary 
to  pay  for  the  said  leather,  and  that  the  governor  of  the  said  State  of 
South  Carolina  be  requested  to  advance,  out  of  the  taxes  raised  on  the 
Continental  account,  such  sums  as  shall  be  drawn  for  by  the  board  of 
war  for  that  purpose. 

November  5,  1779. — Messrs.  Wynkoop  and  Forbes  were  added  to  the  committee 
appointed  to  superintend  the  commissary-general's  department. 

November  11,  1779. — "The  commissary-general  having  represented  the  difficulty  of 
keeping  up  his  supplies  of  flour,  owing  to  the  uncommon  drought  which  has  stopped 
most  of  the  mills,  the  Commander  in  Chief  is  under  the  necessity,  on  that  account, 
of  reducing  the  ration  of  that  article  till  further  orders  to  three-quarters  of  a  pound 
per  day,  the  deficiency  to  be  made  up  in  meat  and  roots."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Moore1  s  House.) 

November  IS,  1779. — "The  commissaries  to  issue  the  following  quantities  of  meat 
or  vegetables  in  lieu  of  the  reduced  ration  of  flour:  For  every  100  lbs.  of  flour  reduced 
from  the  issue,  75  lbs.  beef  or  50  lbs.  pork,  or,  if  received  in  vegetables,  1\  bushels 
pease,  or  2\  bushels  beans,  or  8  bushels  potatoes,  or  12  bushels  turnips,  and  so  on  in 
proportion  for  any  greater  or  less  quantity."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore's 
House.) 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  301 

November  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  subclothiers  appointed  by  virtue 
of  the  ordinance  of  the  23rd  of  March,  1779,  for  regulating  the  cloth- 
ing department,  the  clothier-general,  with  the  approbation  of  the  board 
of  war  and  the  Commander  in  Chief,  appoint  a  subclothier  to  receive 
from  the  clothier-general  and  the  several  sub-State  clothiers  the  pro- 
portion of  clothing  assigned  the  artillery,  cavalry,  artificers,  and  corps 
composed  of  troops  from  different  States,  according  to  the  general  esti- 
mate, and  to  cause  such  clothing  to  be  distributed  to  the  officers  and 
soldiers  of  the  several  corps  aforesaid,  and  in  all  other  respects  to  gov- 
ern his  conduct  in  the  execution  of  the  said  business  agreeably  to  the 
regulation  of  Congress  of  the  23rd  of  March,  1779,  respecting  the 
subclothiers. 

November  17,  1779. — "The  subclothiers  of  the  respective  States  or  those  appointed 
to  act  pro  temp,  are  to  call  at  the  clothier-general's  store  at  New  Burg  to-morrow  to 
receive  their  proportions  of  blankets;  if  the  blankets  differ  in  quality,  the  clothier- 
general  is  to  regard  this  circumstance,  giving  to  each  State  of  the  best  and  worst  in 
due  proportion."  Soldiers  who  were  enlisted  for  the  war,  or  three  years,  are  only 
entitled  to  blankets.     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore's  House.) 

November  25,  1779. 

Whereas,  Congress  by  sundry  resolutions  have  provided  that  cloth- 
ing be  furnished  to  officers  of  the  line  and  others,  at  prices  propor- 
tioned to  their  pay;  but  no  enumeration  of  the  articles  intended  to  be 
comprehended  in  a  suit  of  clothes  having  been  made  or  any  rules 
explicitly  laid  down  for  the  delivery  of  or  payment  for  the  same: 

Resolved,  That  the  following  articles  be  delivered  as  a  suit  of  clothes 
for  the  current  and  every  succeeding  year  of  their  service  to  the  offi- 
cers of  the  .  .  .  staff,  entitled  oy  any  resolution  of  Congress  to 
receive  the  same,  viz : 

One  hat,  one  watch-coat,  one  body-coat,  four  vests,  one  for  winter 
and  three  for  summer;  four  pair  of  breeches,  two  for  winter  and  two 
for  summer,  four  shirts,  four  stocks,  six  pair  of  stockings,  three  pair 
thereof  worsted  and  three  of  thread,  four  pair  of  shoes. 

For  which  articles  of  clothing  the  officers  shall  pay,  on  receipt 
thereof,  one-half  more  than  the  prices  at  which  the  same  were  cur- 
rently sold  before  the  commencement  of  hostilities  in  April,  1775; 
and  for  this  end  the  purchasing  agents  employed  on  Continental  account 
shall  transmit  to  the  clothier-general,  with  the  clothing  they  shall 
respectively  purchase,  the  prices  marked  thereon  at  the  rates  afore- 
said, and  also  current  invoices  of  the  same  and  copies  of  such  rates  and 
invoice,  to  the  board  of  war,  and  all  clothing  purchased  on  Continental 
account  by  the  respective  States  shall  be  valued,  marked,  and  invoiced 
in  like  manner,  and  copies  of  such  invoices  and  rates  also  transmitted 
to  the  board  of  war  and  the  clothier-general;  the  clothing  so  pur- 
chased shall  be  distributed  to  and  among  the  sub  or  State  clothiers,  to 
be  issued  by  them  to  the  regimental  clothiers,  and  by  the  latter  to  the 
officers  of  the  regiments  and  corps;  and  the  said  regimental  clothiers 
shall  receive  from  the  officers,  on  delivery  of  the  clothing,  the  prices 
thereof  so  fixed,  and  they  shall  every  three  months  settle  their  accounts 
of  monies  received  for  clothing  with  the  auditors  of  the  army  in  which 
they  shall  serve,  and  pay  the  monies  which  in  such  settlements  shall 
be  found  chargeable  to  them,  or  in  their  hands,  to  the  paymaster-general 


302      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

or  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the  army  or  detachment  in  which  such 
regimental  clothier  shall  serve;  and  the  said  paymaster-general  or  dep- 
uty paymaster-general  shall  make  returns  of  the  amount  of  all  such 
monies  so  received  to  the  board  of  treasury,  that  the  said  paymaster- 
general  or  deputy  paymaster-general  may  be  duly  charged  with  the  same. 
The  auditors  making  such  settlements  with  the  regimental  clothiers  shall 
transmit  to  the  paymaster  or  deputy  paymaster-general  abstracts  of  such 
settlements,  specifying  the  balances  due  from  the  regimental  clothiers, 
respectively,  that  in  cases  of  neglect  they  may  be  duly  called  on  for 
payment  of  the  same;  copies  of  such  abstracts  shall  also  be  transmitted 
to  the  board  of  treasury.  Excepting  from  this  rule  of  distribution 
all  staff  officers  not  taken  from  the  line,  who  are  to  receive  their  cloth- 
ing immediately  from  the  clothier-general,  or  if  attached  to  the  corps 
of  or  residing  in  any  State  at  a  distance  from  the  clothier-general's 
store,  from  the  subclothier  of  such  State,  pajang  for  the  same  at  the 
rates  aforesaid;  and  all  monies  so  received  by  the  clothier-general  or 
sub  or  State  clothiers  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  United  States, 
and  accounts  thereof  duly  transmitted  to  the  board  of  treasury,  the 
clothier-general  to  be  charged  in  the  settlement  of  his  contingent 
account  with  the  monies  so  received  and  the  sub  or  State  clothiers  to 
be  accountable  for  and  pay  the  monies  received  by  them  to  the  order 
of  the  executive  of  the  State  appointing  them,  respectively,  and  the 
State  to  be  charged  in  its  clothing  account  with  the  amount  of  such 
monies.  Excepting  also  all  staff  officers  who  receive  commissions  on 
their  expenditures  of  public  monies,  who  are  not  to  receive  any  cloth- 
ing provided  at  Continental  expense. 

That  all  clothing  issued  to  noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers, 
enlisted  artificers,  and  wagoners,  beyond  that  allowed  to  them  as  a 
bounty,  shall  also  be  valued  and  paid  for  at  the  rate  before  mentioned, 
but  no  noncommissioned  officer,  soldier,  wagoner,  or  artificer  shall  be 
entitled  to  purchase  in  any  one  year  out  of  the  public  store  any  other 
additional  articles  than  those  of  hats,  hose,  shirts,  and  shoes,  and  not 
more  of  these  than  are  absolutely  necessary,  and  not  exceeding  the 
number  of  the  like  articles  allowed  as  their  bounty  clothing. 

That  all  the  clothing  before  mentioned  for  officers  in  the  line  and 
soldiers  shall  be  issued  on  returns  certified  by  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  corps  to  which  they  belong;  all  clothing  to  staff  officers  on  the 
certificate  of  their  principal  with  the  army  or  in  the  district  within 
which  they  shall  serve;  to  artificers  on  the  certificate  of  the  command- 
ing officer  of  their  corps,  and  to  wagoners  on  the  certificate  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,  one  of  the  assistant  quartermasters-general,  or 
of  the  deputy  quartermaster-general  employing  them,  or  of  the  wagon 
master  general,  or  deputy  wagon  master  general  under  whom  they 
serve. 

That  no  staff  officer,  artificer,  or  wagoner,  not  being  engaged  for  at 
least  one  year,  shall  receive  clothing;  and  if  any  such  officer,  artificer, 
or  wagoner,  being  engaged  for  one  year  or  more,  after  receipt  of  such 
clothing,  shall  quit  the  service  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  for 
which  he  or  they  are  or  shall  be  engaged,  he  or  they  shall  forfeit  and 
pay  the  full  value  of  such  clothing  and  be  subject  to  all  other  penal- 
ties and  inconveniences  attending  his  or  their  breach  of  contract  or 

desertion. 

*  «  * 

Resolved,  That  the  departments  of  the  .  .  .  commissaries- 
general  of  purchases  and  issues  be,  for  the  future,  under  the  super- 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  303 

intendency  and  direction  of  the  Board  of  War;  and  that  the  committee 
of  Congress  on  those  departments  deliver  over  to  the  Board  of  War 
all  papers  in  their  hands  respecting  them  and  thereupon  be  discharged. 

November  626,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  no  clothing  shall  be  sold  or  delivered  to 
noncommissioned  officers  or  soldiers  beyond  the  articles  they  have 
received  as  their  bounty  until  the  whole  of  the  Army  shall  have  received 
their  bounty  clothing,  it  being  the  intention  hereof  that  the  surplus 
only  shall  be  disposed  of. 

November  29,  1779. — Jeremiah  Wadsworth,  commissary-general  of  purchases,  was 
given  leave  to  resign  his  office  on  January  1,  1780. 

November  30,  1779. 

Revolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  procure  from  the 
.  .  .  commissaries-general,  ...  a  return  of  all  the  assist- 
ants, deputies,  officers,  agents,  and  other  persons  employed  in  their 
respective  departments,  the  districts  in  which  they  are  so  employed, 
and  the  terms  upon  which  they  are  engaged;  and  that  such  returns  be 
made  by  the  first  day  of  January  next. 

December  2,  1779. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary-general  of  pur- 
chases; and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Ephraim  Blaine,  esq.,  was  elected. 

December  4,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  J.  Wadsworth,  esq. ,  be  informed  that  Congress  have 
agreed  to  accept  his  resignation,  and  have  elected  Ephraim  Blaine, 
esq.,  to  succeed  him,  but  as  Mr.  Blaine  has  not  yet  signified  his  accept- 
ance, and  a  failure  of  supplies  may  be  attended  with  dangerous  conse- 
quences, that  Mr.  Wadsworth,  and  the  deputies  under  him,  be  desired 
to  continue  in  the  business  of  supplying  the  Army  until  his  successor 
shall  have  accepted  and  shall  be  in  capacity  to  enter  upon  and  execute 
the  duties  of  the  office. 

December  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  legislature  of  the  State  of  Virginia  be  requested 
to  furnish  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  on  or  before  the  1st 
day  of  April  next,  20,000  barrels  of  indian  corn,  and  transport  the 
-;u i Hi  to  such  places  within  the  said  State  as  the  commissary-general  of 
purchases  shall  direct. 

That  the  legislature  of  the  State  of  Maryland  bo  requested,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  15,000  barrels  of  Hour  heretofore  required  of  them,  to  fur- 
nish for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of 
April  next,  5,000  barrels  of  Hour  and  5,000  barrels  of  indian  corn. 

That  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  be  requested  to  furnish  for  the 
Army  of  the  United  States,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  April  next, 
50,000  barrels  of  flour,  or  wheal  in  proportion. 

That  the  10,000  barrels  of  Hour,  or  wheat  in  proportion,  heretofore 


304       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

requested  from  the  State  of  Delaware  by  the  committee  of  Congress, 
be  furnished  as  soon  as  possible. 

That  8,000  barrels  of  flour  be  requested  from  the  State  of  New 
Jersey,  part  of  which  to  be  furnished  as  soon  as  possible,  to  answer 
the  immediate  demands  of  the  Army. 

That  the  State  of  Connecticut  be  requested  to  furnish  for  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  8,000  barrels  of  flour. 

December  U,  1779. 

Whereas  the  aid  of  the  several  States  is  necessary  in  furnishing 
provisions  for  the  Army  and  other  supplies  for  carrying  on  the  war, 
and  justice  requires  that  they  be  called  upon  to  furnish  their  respective 
quotas  at  equitable  prices: 

Resolved,  That  all  States  shall  be  called  upon  to  furnish  their  quotas 
of  such  supplies  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  wanted  for  carrying  on 
the  war;  and  in  making  the  requisitions  due  care  shall  be  taken  to 
suit  the  convenience  of  the  several  States;  and  the  articles  by  them 
respectively  furnished  shall  be  credited  towards  their  quotas  of  the 
monies  which  they  are  called  upon  to  raise  for  the  United  States,  at 
equal  prices  for  articles  of  the  same  kind  and  quality,  and  for  others 
in  due  proportion;  and  the  accounts  shall  be  finally  compared  and 
adjusted  so  as  to  do  equity  to  all  the  States. 

December  17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  when  the  legislature  of  any  State  shall  have  under- 
taken to  procure  its  quota  of  any  of  the  articles  required,  all  purchases 
of  such  articles  by  the  commissaries  .  .  .  shall  in  such  State  be 
discontinued.     .     .     . 

December  24,  1779. — The  honorable  the  Board  of  War  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers  of 
the  line  and  staff  who  are  not  adopted  by  any  State,  the  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  them  upon  returns  signed  by  the  commanding  officers  and  heads  of  the  fol- 
lowing corps  and  departments  at  the  rates  directed  by  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the 
25th  of  November  last:  Regiments  of  cavalry,  of  additional  infantry,  and  companies 
of  artillery;  Corps  of  Engineers,  including  sappers  and  miners;  Armand's  and  Lee's 
corps;  aides-de-camp  not  belonging  to  the  line;  surgeons  of  the  general  and  flying 
hospital;  muster-masters;  judge-advocate;  auditors  and  deputy  paymaster-general; 
military  surveyors.     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

January  1,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  allowed  a 
salary  at  the  rate  of  40,000  dollars  by  the  year,  until  the  further  order 
of  Congress;  also  six  rations  a  day  and  forage  for  four  horses. 

Resohied,  That  an  assistant  commissary  be  appointed  by  the  Com- 
missary-General to  each  of  the  States  in  which  it  shall  be  necessary 
that  purchases  be  made  under  him,  and  in  which  provision  shall  not 
have  been  made  by  the  States,  respectively,  for  furnishing  the  neces- 
sary supplies. 

That  the  said  assistant  commissaries  be  allowed  on  all  good  mer- 
chantable articles  which  may  be  purchased  by  them  or  under  their 
direction,  respectively,  two  per  cent  on  20-fold  the  prices  they  were 
sold  at  in  the  year  1774,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress;  out  of 
which  they  shall  pay  all  their  agents  and  defray  the  whole  expense 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPAKTMENT.  305 

attending  such  purchases;  nor  shall  they  or  any  of  their  agents  be 
entitled  to  rations  or  forage,  except  when  called  by  the  necessary 
business  of  their  department  to  attend  the  Army. 

And  in  order  the  better  to  ascertain  such  prices, 

Resolved,  That  the  executive  power  of  every  State  be  requested  to 
return  to  the  board  of  treasury  a  list  of  the  commodities  usually  sold 
within  such  State,  and  the  price  current  in  the  year  1774;  and  that 
copies  of  such  lists  be  furnished  from  thence  to  the  Commissary- 
General  and  his  assistants; 

That  the  Commissary-General  be  directed  to  keep  regular  accounts, 
in  which  he  shall  charge  all  persons  belonging  to  his  Department  with 
the  money  advanced  to  them,  and  give  them  credit  for  the  purchases 
made  by  them,  entering  their  respective  accounts  at  large;  that  he 
check  all  accounts  within  his  Department  and  reject  improper  charges; 
direct  the  manner  in  which  the  accounts  of  his  respective  deputies  shall 
be  kept,  ordering  the  articles  purchased  to  be  entered  under  distinct 
heads,  so  that  the  expenditures  for  each  separate  article  may  be  seen 
at  one  view;  that  he  shall  once  in  every  three  months,  or  oftener  if 
required,  exhibit  a  fair  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  state  of  his 
purchases,  in  columns;  the  manner  in  which  the  same  has  been  expended, 
and  the  stock  oh  hand,  with  the  price  of  each  article,  and  the  State, 
county,  and  district  in  which  purchased; 

That  every  assistant  commissary  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Com- 
missaiy-General  of  the  articles  purchased,  the  price,  the  name  of  the 
agent  by  whom  the  same  were  bought,  and  the  persons  to  whom  deliv- 
ered, or,  if  still  on  hand,  at  what  place  stored; 

That  no  money  be  advanced  to  any  assistant  commissary  until  he 
has  made  such  returns  and  accounted  for  money  received,  rendering 
to  the  Commissary -General  receipts  from  his  agents  for  the  money 
advanced  to  them; 

That  every  assistant  commissary  call  upon  his  agents  for  monthly 
returns  of  their  expenditures,  without  which  returns  no  further  sums 
be  advanced  to  them,  but  that  they  be  sued  to  account  for  the  money 
in  their  hands; 

That  the  commissary -general  of  issues  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed 
to  make  monthly  returns  of  the  number  of  rations  issued,  to  what  per- 
sons, and  at  what  place,  to  the  Board  of  War,  in  order  to  take  their 
direction  as  to  the  continuing  such  issues; 

January  7,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  be  empowered 
to  appoint  an  assistant,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  remain  at  headquar- 
ters and  receive  the  directions  ot  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  the 
Commissary-General; 

That  the  said  assistants  be  allowed  a  salary  at  the  rate  of  10,000  dol- 
lars per  annum,  two  rations  a  day,  and  forage  for  one  horse,  until  the 
further  order  of  Congress; 

That  the  coopers,  butchers,  packers,  drovers,  and  superintendents 
of  cattle  be  under  the  regulations  and  directions  formerly  established 
by  resolutions  of  Congress. 

January  7,  1780. — A  pound  of  hard  or  soft  bread  and  one-quarter  of  a  pound  of 
indian  meal  or  a  pound  of  flour  and  a  pound  of  beef  or  fourteen  ounces  of  pork  to  be 
the  daily  ration  until  further  orders.     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Momstowiu) 

S.  Doc.  229 20 


306      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.  ARMY. 

January  17,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  his  pay  of  4  dollars  per  day,  the  said 
Asa  Worthington  [employed  as  inspector  of  cattle  in  the  Department 
of  the  Commissary-General  from  November  18,  1778,  to  January  15, 
1780]  be  allowed  the  sum  of  3,940  dollars  in  compensation  for  his 
services  and  expenses  to  this  date.     . 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  be  allowed  two 
clerks,  to  be  by  him  appointed; 

That  each  of  the  said  clerks  be  allowed  the  same  salary  as  clerks  of 
the  board  of  treasury. 

January  27,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  issuing  commissaries  be  respectively 
directed  not  to  deliver  rations,  or  parts  of  rations,  to  any  hospital  com- 
missary, unless  on  returns  signed  by  him  and  countersigned  by  the 
principal  physician  or  surgeon  of  the  respective  hospitals,  specifying 
the  names  and  stations  of  the  persons  for  whom,  and  for  what  time, 
the  rations  are  drawn;  and  that  the  hospital  commissary  be  also  required 
to  annex  to  each  return  the  receipts  of  the  persons  to  whom  he  shall 
have  delivered  the  provisions  drawn  on  the  last  return ; 

That  the  commissary -general  of  issues  direct  the  form  of  the  returns 
and  receipts  aforesaid. 

January  27,  1780. — Issues  of  commissary  stores  to  members  of  Congress  under  reso- 
lution of  October  2,  1777,  to  be  discontinued. 

February  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  States  be  called  on  forthwith  to  procure 
their  respective  quotas  of  supplies  for  the  ensuing  campaign  as  fol- 
lows, to  wit: 

N.  Hampshire. — 11,200  hundredweight  of  beef,  35,643  gallons  of 
rum. 

Massachusetts  Bay. — 56,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  12,126  bushels 
of  salt,  195,628  gallons  of  rum. 

Rlwde  Island. — 2,240  hundredweight  of  beef,  2,000  bushels  of  salt, 
18,621  gallons  of  rum.     .     .     . 

Connecticut. — 78,400  hundredweight  of  beef,  1,011  bushels  of  salt, 
68,558  gallons  of  rum.     .     .     . 

New  York.. — 11,200  hundredweight  of  beef,  13,969  barrels  of 
flour.     .     .     . 

New  Jersey. — 18,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  10,000  barrels  of  flour, 
3,758  bushels  of  salt.     .     .     . 

Pennsylvania. — 40,000  barrels  of  flour,  14,189  bushels  of  salt,  24,423 
gallons  of  rum.     .     .     . 

Delaware. — 3,055  barrels  of  flour.     .     .     . 

Maryland. — 40,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  20,000  barrels  of 
flour.     .     .     . 

Virginia. — 47,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  1,278  barrels  of  flour, 
10,700  bushels  of  salt,  100,000  gallons  of  rum.     .     .     . 

North  Carolina. — 49,875  hundredweight  of  beef,  15,000  barrels  of 
flour,  4,500  bushels  of -salt.     .     .     . 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  307 

South  Carolina. — 16,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  52,000  hundred- 
weight of  rice,  5,000  bushels  of  salt,  12,000  gallons  of  rum.     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  pork  be  received  from  any  State  in  lieu  of  beef,  in 
quantities  proportioned  to  the  prices  assigned  to  each. 

Resolved^  That  Continental  rum,  or  other  spirits  suitable  for  the 
Army,  be  received  in  lieu  of  West  India  rum,  in  proportion  to  the 
prices  assigned  to  each. 

Resolved,  That  the  articles  aforesaid  be  collected  and  deposited  or 
delivered,  at  the  risk  of  the  respective  States,  in  such  places  within 
each  State,  respectively,  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  judge  most 
convenient.     .     .     . 

Provided^  That  such  of  the  said  articles  as  shall  be  destroyed  or 
taken  by  the  enemy,  after  being  deposited  as  aforesaid,  or  which  shall 
be  damaged  by  long  keeping,  shall  be  paid  for  by  the  United  States. 

Resolved)  That  the  respective  States  be  credited  for  all  such  com- 
modities, being  of  good  and  sufficient  quality,  as  shall  be  received  for 
the  use  of  the  United  States,  by  persons  appointed  to  inspect  the  same, 
at  the  prices  following,  to  wit: 

Merchantable  flour,  per  hundredweight  gross,  viz,  112  lb.,  4£  dollars. 

Beef,  best  grass  fed,  which  shall  be  delivered  between  the  first  day 
of  July  and  the  first  of  December,  5£  dollars  per  net  hundredweight. 

Beef,  best  stall  fed,  which  shall  be  delivered  in  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber, 6£  dollars  per  net  hundredweight;  and  for  all  that  shall  be  delivered 
after  the  1st  of  January  and  before  the  1st  of  July,  8  dollars  per  net 
hundredweight. 

Fresh  pork,  well  fatted  with  corn  or  rice,  7  dollars  per  net  hundred- 
weight; salted  pork,  per  barrel,  well  fatted  as  aforesaid,  containing  220 
lb.  net,  22  dollars;  salted  beef,  per  barrel,  containing  240  lb.  net,  17£ 
dollars;  .  .  .  rice,  well  cleaned,  per  bushel,  1  dollar;  white  beans 
and  peas,  per  bushel,  1£  dollars;  wheat,  per  bushel,  weighing  60  lb.,  1\ 
dollars;  spelts,  £  dollar  per  bushel;  buckwheat,  per  bushel,  f  of  a  dol- 
lar; rough  rice,  f  of  a  dollar  per  bushel;  merchantable  rice,  3  dollars 
per  hundredweight;  .  .  .  West  India  rum,  good  proof ,  If  dollars 
per  gallon;  best  alum  or  rock  salt,  per  bushel,  3  dollars;  and  other 
salt  in  proportion. 

Continental  rum,  good  proof,  1  dollar;  and  other  spirits,  good  proof, 
suitable  for  the  Army,  at  prices  in  the  usual  proportions  to  the  price 
of  rye. 

Resolved)  That  when  any  State  shall  have  taken  the  necessary  meas- 
ures for  furnishing  its  quota  of  the  said  supplies  and  shall  have  given 
information  thereof  to  Congress,  such  State  be  authorized  to  carry 
into  effect  the  resolution  of  the  17th  of  December  last  for  discontinuing 
purchase  of  such  supplies  by  the  commissaries     .     .     .     within  the 

same. 

*  *  * 

Zi'rsol/ved)  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  States  to  furnish  such  parts 
of  their  quotas  of  meat,  in  beef  cattle,  as  the  commissaries  shall  from 
time  to  time  have  occasion  for,  to  supply  the  Army  with  fresh  beef 
through  the  different  seasons  of  the  year. 

That  only  such  quantities  of  beef  and  pork  be  salted,  to  be  delivered 
in  barrels,  as  shall  be  requested  by  the  Commissary-General. 

That  the  hides  and  tallow  of  the  beef  cattle,  delivered  on  foot,  shall 
be  received  and  credited  at  the  same  price  as  the  beef. 

That  the  provisions  furnished  by  authority  of  any  State  for  the  use 


308       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

of  the  Army  since  the  first  day  of  December  last  may  be  credited  as 
part  of  the  quota  of  supplies  assigned  to  such  State  at  the  prices  fixed 
in  the  foregoing  resolutions,  if  such  State  desire  it. 

July  10,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  all  clothing  arriving  from  Europe  belonging  to  the 
United  States  be  delivered  at  the  port  of  arrival  to  the  agents  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  War  to  receive  them,  without  passing  through  the 
hands  of  the  Continental  agents  for  prizes,  any  former  order  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 
by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,     ...     to  wit: 


A  commissary  and  his  deputy  of  purchases  or  issues     ...     1  cov 
ered  4-horse  wagon. 

A  deputy  commissary  with  a  separate  army  ...  1  two-horse 
wagon  or  two  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That,  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bathorses  by  these  regulations,  there  be  issued     .     .     .     : 

To  a  .  .  .  commissary -general  of  purchases,  four  [rations]; 
commissary -general  of  issues,  two;  brigade  commissary,  one;     .     .     . 

August  %%,  1780. 

Whereas  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  effectually  to  prevent  the 
destruction,  waste,  embezzlement,  and  misapplication  of  the  public 
stores  and  provisions  upon  which  the  existence  of  the  armies  of  these 
United  States  may  depend,  and  no  adequate  provision  hath  been  made 
for  the  just  punishment  of  delinquents  in  the  departments  of  the 
commissary-general  of  purchases,  commissary-general  of 
issues,  clothier-general,     .     .     .     and  hide  department:  Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  every  person  in  any  of  the  said  departments  intrusted 
with  the  care  of  provisions  or  military  or  hospital  stores,  or  other 
property  of  these  United  States,  who  shall  be  convicted  at  a  general 
court-martial,  of  having  sold,  without  a  proper  order  for  that  purpose, 
embezzled,  or  willfully  misapplied,  damaged,  or  spoiled  any  of  the 
provisions,  horses,  forage,  arms,  clothing,  ammunition,  or  other  mili- 
tary or  hospital  stores,  or  property  belonging  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  snail  suffer  death  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be 
directed  by  a  general  court-martial,  according  to  the  nature  and  degree 
of  the  offense,  at  the  discretion  of  such  court;  and  every  person  in  any 
of  the  said  departments,  intrusted  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  be  convicted 
at  a  general  court-martial  of  having,  through  neglect,  suffered  any  of 
the  articles  aforesaid  to  be  wasted,  spoiled,  or  damaged,  shall  suffer 
such  punishment  as  the  said  court  shall,  in  their  discretion,  direct, 
according  to  the  degree  of  the  offense. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  309 

August  23,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  no  certificates  issued  in  the  .  .  .  and  commis- 
sary's departments  after  the  15th  day  of  September  next,  afford  any 
claim  upon  the  United  States,  unless  issued  under  the  following  regu- 
lations: 

1st.  That  they  be  for  services  performed  or  articles  purchased  within 
their  respective  departments. 

2dly.  The  .  .  .  commissary-general  shall  themselves  sign  all 
such  certificates  as  are  issued  in  their  respective  departments 

3dhr.  All  suoh  certificates  shall  be  given  for  specie  or  other  current 
money  equivalent. 

■ithly.  All  contracts  or  purchases  made,  for  which  certificates  shall 
be  given,  shall  be  made  for  specie  value. 

5thly.  The  articles  so  purchased  shall  be  enumerated  in  such  certifi- 
cates, with  the  rates  and  prices  thereof;  and  the  prices  shall  be  reason- 
able when  the  present  circumstances  of  our  affairs  are  compared  with 
the  cost  of  articles  of  like  quality,  or  services  performed,  in  the  year 
1775,  or  when  compared  with  the  allowance  by  Congress  to  the  United 
States,  as  expressed  in  their  resolution  of  the  25th  of  February  last. 

Resolved,  That  the  certificates  issued  under  and  agreeable  to  the 
foregoing  regulations  shall  bear  an  interest  of  six  per  cent  per  annum 
from  the  time  stipulated  for  payment  until  paid. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  commissary -general  be,  and  hereby  are, 
strictly  enjoined  to  make  monthly  returns  of  their  purchases  and  pro- 
ceedings to  the  board  of  war,  and  make  monthly  returns,  to  wit,  on 
the  last  day  of  every  month,  to  the  board  of  treasury,  of  all  certificates 
so  issued  as  aforesaid. 

August  <26,  1780. 

Resolved,  That,  all  and  singular,  the  creditors  of  these  United  States 
for  supplies  furnished  the  Army,  or  the  transportation  thereof,  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  the  just  value  of  the  sums  due  them,  respectively, 
in  the  bills  of  credit  emitted  pursuant  to  the  act  of  the  18th  of  March 
last,  the  value  of  the  sums  due  to  be  ascertained  according  to  the  cur- 
rent value  of  Continental  bills  of  credit  compared  with  specie  at  the 
time  the  money  became  due,  at  the  place  where  the  supplies  were  fur- 
nished; provided  the  same  do  not  exceed  the  prices  fixed  for  such  sup- 
plies by  the  act  of  the  25th  of  February  last,  or  a  proportionate  value 
for  services  done  and  articles  furnished  not  mentioned  in  the  said  act; 
but  if  the  nominal  sum,  in  Continental  currency,  contracted  for,  when 
reduced  to  specie  value  as  aforesaid,  shall  exceed  the  fixed  prices  afore- 
said, the  creditor  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  amount  of  the  sup- 
plies furnished  or  service  done  at  the  said  fixed  or  proportionate  prices 
in  the  new  bills  aforesaid,  or  the  nominal  sum  contracted  for  in  Conti- 
nental bills  of  credit,  and  no  more,  at  his  election. 

That  the  accounts  being  duly  examined  and  adjusted  by  the  rule 
aforesaid,  by  commissioners  that  may  be  appointed  agreeably  to  the 
resolution  of  the  12th  of  June  last  to  settle  the  accounts  of  officers  of 
the  staff  departments  in  the  several  States,  or  by  the  officer  who  made 
the  contract  or  by  whom  the  payment  is  to  be  made,  the  same  shall  be 
paid,  or  a  certificate  given  for  the  sum  justly  due,  certifying  that  the 
same  has  been  duly  examined  and  adjusted,  agreeably  to  the  directions 
aforesaid;  and,  if  paid  in  the  new  bills,  the  interest  on  the  said  bills 
shall  be  computed  to  the  date  of  such  certificate. 


310      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  V.   S.   ARMY. 

That  all  debts  due  to  the  United  States  for  monies  received  for  their 
use,  or  otherwise,  within  any  of  these  States,  shall  be  paid  according 
to  the  just  value  of  the  money  when  it  was  received  or  became  due, 
to  be  ascertained  as  aforesaid. 

August  28,  1780. — "Great  irregularity  having  prevailed  in  the  issues  of  rum  to  the 
several  brigades,  for  the  future  it  is  to  be  issued  in  the  following  proportion  when 
there  is  any  in  the  magazine:  To  a  col.  or  It.  col. -commandant,  half  a  gallon  per 
week;  to  a  It.  col.  or  maj.,  three  pints  per  week;  to  a  capt.,  two  pints;  and  a  subal- 
tern, a  pint  and  a  half  per  week.  Rum  is  to  be  issued  to  the  soldiery  in  rainy  weather 
and  on  fatigue,  but  on  no  other  occasions,  except  by  special  order  from  headquar- 
ters at  a  gill  per  man."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Tean  Neck.) 

August  30,  1780. — "It  was  omitted  in  the  order  of  the  28th  instant  regulating  the 
issue  of  rum  that  the  regimental  surgeons  are  to  draw  the  same  quantity  as  a  capt. 
and  the  mates  as  a  subaltern."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Tean  Neck.) 

September  8,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  magazines  of  provisions  .  .  .  for  15,000  men  for 
6  months  be  immediately  provided  and  laid  up  for  the  southern  army. 

That  two-thirds  of  the  flour  and  beef  required  from  Maryland,  by 
the  resolution  of  the  25th  of  February  last,  be  retained  in  that  State 
for  the  above  purpose,  and  stored  at  some  safe  and  convenient  places 
on  or  near  navigable  water. 

Resolved,  That  North  Carolina  furnish  magazines  of  .  .  .  flour 
and  salted  provisions  to  the  utmost  of  their  ability,  to  be  stored  at 
such  convenient  places  as  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  southern 
department  shall  appear  most  eligible. 

/September  15, 1780. 

Ordered,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  the  directors 
of  the  Bank  of  Philadelphia  apply  to  the  said  directors  and  request 
them  to  purchase  500  head  of  cattle,  in  lieu  of  part  of  the  flour  engaged 
by  them  to  Congress,  or  to  furnish  the  Commissary-General  with  suf- 
ficient money  to  purchase  the  said  cattle,  for  which  the  Commissary- 
General  is  to  be  accountable,  a  duplicate  receipt  to  be  taken  and  lodged 
with  the  treasury  board. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  supply  of  the  Army  the  States  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts  Bay,  and  Connecticut  be  called  upon  to  furnish 
weekly  1,000  head  of  cattle,  in  the  following  proportions,  to  wit: 

New  Hampshire 76 

Massachusetts  Bay 315 

Connecticut 539 

1,000 

Ordered,  That  copies  of  the  above  resolution  be  forwarded  by  express 
to  the  said  States,  respectively,  and  that  the  President,  in  his  letter, 
urge  the  necessity  of  an  immediate  and  full  compliance  therewith,  and 
the  fatal  consequences  which  must  fall  upon  the  Army  in  case  of  fail- 
ure in  either. 

.Resolved,  That  the  States  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Dela- 
ware be  requested,  with  all  possible  despatch,  to  furnish  for  an  imme- 
diate supply  to  the  Army  the  following  number  of  cattle,  to  wit: 

New  Jersey 275 

Pennsylvania 1, 251 

Delaware 530 

2,056 


THE    SUBSISTENCE   DEPAKTMENT.  311 

That  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  forwarding  the  said  cattle  to  the 
Army  from  the  States  of  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay,  and 
Connecticut  (for  a  weekly  supply)  warrants  be  drawn  monthly  upon 
the  loan  offices  of  the  said  States  in  favor  of  the  Commissary-General 
until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  in  money  of  the  new  emission,  viz: 

On  the  loan  office  for  the  State  of  New  Hampshire,  for  l,418f  dol- 
lars; Massachusetts  Bay,  7,186$  dollars;  Connecticut,  5,0301-  dollars. 

And  for  defraj'ing  the  expenses  of  forwarding,  for  an  immediate 
supply,  the  cattle  from  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware, 
that  warrants  be  drawn  on  the  loan  offices  of  the  said  States  in  favor 
of  the  Commissary-General  for  the  following  sums  in  money  of  the 
new  emission,  viz: 

On  the  loan  offices  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  for  550  dollars; 
Pennsylvania,  2,819  dollars;  Delaware,  1,236  dollars. 

And  that  the  Commissary-General  be  authorized,  in  case  any  of  the 
said  States  have  not  received  their  money  of  the  new  emission,  to  apply 
to  the  executive  of  the  said  States,  who  are  requested  to  advance  him, 
upon  the  said  warrants,  an  equivalent  in  other  money. 

September  M,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  State  of  Maryland  to  send 
immediately  to  the  main  army  500  head  of  neat  cattle,  over  and  above 
the  quantity  of  meat  required  by  the  resolution  of  the  25th  of  Feb- 
ruary last.     .     .     . 

September  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  commissary  of  issues  shall  be  obliged  to 
deliver  to  the  Inspector-General,  and  assistant  inspector  with  a  separate 
army,  an  abstract,  by  brigades,  of  the  rations  actually  issued,  and  of 
all  issues  to  all  separate  corps,  garrisons,  and  detachments. 

September  30,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  several  officers  [of  the  hospital  depart- 
ment] shall  each  be  entitled  annually  to  draw  clothing  from  the  stores 
of  the  clothier-general,  in  the  same  manner  and  under  the  same  regu- 
lations as  are  established  for  officers  in  the  line  by  a  resolution  of 
Congress  of  the  25th  of  November,  1779. 

That  the  returns  for  clothing  for  officers  in  the  medical  staff  (regi- 
mental surgeons  and  their  mates,  who  are  to  draw  with  the  regimental 
staff,  excepted)  be  signed  by  the  director,  or  one  of  the  chief  hospital 
physicians;  and  such  clothing  shall  be  delivered  either  by  the  clothier- 
general,  or  any  subclothier  in  the  State  in  which  the  officer  to  receive 
clothing  shall  reside,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  provided  in  the  cases  of 
other  staff  officers  not  taken  from  the  line. 

October  15,  1780. — "The  issuing  commissaries  are  to  deliver  all  their  sheep  and 
calve  skins  to  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores  with  the  park  of  artillery,  who 
will  have  them  properly  dressed  for  drumheads."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Totowa. ) 

October  23,  1780. — "The  officers  of  the  Army  are  to  be  furnished  with  two  rations 
per  day  till  further  orders."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Totowa.) 


312       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

October  2^  1780. 

Resol/oed,  That  E.  Blaine,  .  commissary  -general  of  purchases,  be 
directed  to  make  accurate  returns  to  Congress  of  the  supplies  fur- 
nished by  each  State  since  the  last  day  of  December  last. 

November  J+,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  it  be,  and  hereby  is,  recommended  to  the  several 
States  to  levy,  in  the  proportions  hereafter  mentioned,  a  tax,  equal  in 
value  to  6,000,000  of  silver  dollars,  to  be  paid  partly  in  the  specific 
articles  and  at  the  prices  hereafter  enumerated,  and  the  residue  in  gold 
or  silver  or  bills  of  credit  emitted  pursuant  to  the  resolution  of  the 
18th  of  March  last. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

2,500  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 
6,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
2,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
20,124  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 


MASSACHUSETTS   BAY. 

16,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

2,000  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

29,250  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

9,750  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

74,576  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

13,000  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel. 


RHODE   ISLAND   AND   PROVIDENCE    PLANTATIONS. 

900  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 
83  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 
1,500  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
500  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
20,000  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per 
gallon.     .     .     . 

CONNECTICUT. 

15,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

3,000  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. " 

18,750  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

6,250  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

25,000  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

813  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

NEW   YORK. 

2,800  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

1,500  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

16,000  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

1,320  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

441  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight.     .     .     . 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  313 

NEW   JERSEY. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  ITi  dollars  per  barrel. 

4,000  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

12,000  barrels  or  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

4,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

1,333  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

996  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

2,000  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

1,500  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

500  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

55,000  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

50,000  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

13,028  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

DELAWARE. 

800  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

3,471  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

2,000  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

500  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

MARYLAND. 

4,800  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

5,500  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

20,000  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

9,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

3,000  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

17,007  gallons  of  West  Indian  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

4,000  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

VIRGINIA. 

9,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 

10,617  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 

7,529  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 

23,670  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

7,890  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 

70,292  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per  gallon. 

6,673  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel.     .     .     . 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  at  17£  dollars  per  barrel. 
5,000  barrels  of  pork,  at  22  dollars  per  barrel. 
6,000  barrels  of  flour,  at  9  dollars  per  barrel. 
7,600  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  5£  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
2,500  hundredweight  of  beef,  at  8  dollars  per  hundredweight. 
991  bushels  of  salt,  at  3  dollars  per  bushel. 

21,000  gallons  of  West  India  rum,  full  proof,  at  If  dollars  per 
gallon.     .     .     . 


314       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Hesolved,  That  the  articles  aforesaid  be  delivered  by  the  respective 
States  on  or  before  the  several  dates  hereafter  mentioned,  at  such  place 
or  places  within  the  respective  States  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall 
direct,  viz: 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

2,500  barrels  of  beef,  3,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  January,  1781. 

1,500  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  daj'  of  March,  1781. 
3,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 
12,624  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  July,  1781. 

MASSACHUSETTS   BAY. 

16,000  barrels  of  beef,  2,000  barrels  of  pork,  18,000  gallons  of  rum, 
2,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

9,000  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  March,  1781. 

18,000  gallons  of  rum,  2,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st 
day  of  May,  1781. 

29,576  gallons  of  rum,  8,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  15th 
day  of  July,  1781. 

RHODE   ISLAND. 

900  barrels  of  beef,  83  barrels  of  pork,  3,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or 
before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

1,500  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 
3,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 
12,508  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  July,  1781. 

CONNECTICUT. 

15,000  barrels  of  beef,  3,500  barrels  of  pork,  4,000  gallons  of  rum, 
on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

2,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 

4,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 

15,000  gallons  of  rum,  813  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  15th  of 
July,  1781. 

NEW   YORK. 

2,800  barrels  of  beef,  1,500  barrels  of  pork,  4,000  barrels  of  flour, 
on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

2,000  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 
4,000  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 
6,000  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  Juty,  1781. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  4,000  barrels  of  pork,  2,000  barrels  of  flour, 
on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

1,000  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 

2,000  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 

7,000  barrels  of  flour,  996  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  15th  of 
July,  1781. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  315 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  2,000  barrels  of  pork,  6,000  barrels  of  flour, 
9,000  gallons  of  rum,  2,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  January,  1781. 

3,000  barrels  of  flour,  4,500  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt,  on 
or  before  the  1st  of  March,  1781. 

6,000  barrels  of  flour,  9,000  gallons  of  rum,  2,000  bushels  of  salt,  on 
or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 

40,000  barrels  of  flour,  27,500  gallons  of  rum,  8,028  bushels  of  salt, 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  July,  1781. 

DELAWARE. 

800  barrels  of  pork,  500  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of 
January,  1781. 

250  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 

500  barrels  of  flour,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  May,  1781. 

2,221  barrels  of  flour,  2,000  gallons  of  rum,  500  bushels  of  salt,  on 
or  before  the  15th  of  July,  1781. 

MARYLAND. 

t 

4,800  barrels  of  beef,  5,500  barrels  of  pork,  2,500  barrels  of  flour, 
800  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st  of  Janu- 
ary, 1781. 

1,250  barrels  of  flour,  400  gallons  of  rum,  500  bushels  of  salt,  on  or 
before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 

2,500  barrels  of  flour,  800  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt,  on 
or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 

13,750  barrels  of  flour,  15,007  gallons  of  rum,  1,500  bushels  of  salt, 
on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  July,  1781. 

VIRGINIA. 

9,000  barrels  of  beef,  10,617  barrels  of  pork,  2,500  barrels  of  flour, 
11,000  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  January,  1781. 

1,250  barrels  of  flour,  5,500  gallons  of  rum,  500  bushels  of  salt,  on 
or  before  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781. 

2,500  barrels  of  flour,  11,000  gallons  of  rum,  1,000  bushels  of  salt, 
on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May,  1781. 

1,279  barrels  of  flour,  42,792  gallons  of  rum,  4,173  bushels  of  salt, 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  July,  1781. 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

3,000  barrels  of  beef,  5,000  barrels  of  pork,  2,000  barrels  of  flour, 
4,000  ^gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781. 

1,000  barrels  of  flour,  2,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  March,  1781. 

2,000  barrels  of  flour,  4,000  gallons  of  rum,  on  or  before  the  1st  day 
of  May,  1781. 

1,000  barrels  of  flour,  11,000  gallons  of  rum,  991  bushels  of  salt,  no 
or  before  the  15th  of  July,  1781. 


316      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  each  barrel  of  beef  contain  240  pounds  net;  each 
barrel  of  pork  contain  220  pounds  net;  each  barrel  of  flour  contain 
224  pounds  net. 

That  the  beef  on  foot  shall  be  delivered  at  such  times  and  places  as 
the  Commissary-General  shall  order. 

Resolved,  That  a  return  be  made  on  the  days  aforesaid,  respectively, 
to  the  board  of  war,  and  duplicates  to  the  Commissary-General. 
*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  pork  be  received  from  any  State  in  lieu  of  beef,  or 
beef  in  lieu  of  pork,  in  quantities  proportioned  to  the  prices  annexed 
to  each  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  February  last. 

That  continental  rum,  or  other  spirits  suitable  for  the  Army,  be 
received  in  lieu  of  West  India  rum,  in  proportion  to  the  prices  assigned 
to  each  by  the  said  resolution. 

That  indian  meal,  well  sifted  or  bolted,  be  received  in  lieu  of  flour, 
in  the  proportion  of  one  pound  and  a  half  of  the  former  for  one  pound 
of  the  latter,  to  be  issued  to  the  Arnry  in  the  same  proportion;  pro- 
vided, that  no  indian  meal  be  thus  commutable  after  the  first  day  of 
March,  without  the  approbation  of  the  officer  commanding  in  the 
department. 

November  16,  1780. 

A  letter  of  the  10th,  from  Charles  Stewart,  commissary -general  of 
issues,  was  read  respecting  the  resignation  and  settlement  of  the 
account  of  James  Grav,  deputy  commissary-general  at  Albany,  and 
proposing  that  James  Gamble,  who  is  now  in  the  department  with  the 
grand  army,  may  be  appointed  to  conduct  the  business  heretofore 
under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Gray,  until  the  settlement  of  Mr.  Gray's 
accounts;  whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  Congress  approve  of  the  said  proposal;  that  the 
said  commissar-general  be  directed  to  carry  the  same  into  effect,  and 
Mr.  Gray  settle  his  accounts  without  loss  of  time. 

November  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  be 
directed  to  form  a  sufficient  magazine  of  provisions  at  Carlisle  for  the 
supply  of  the  post. 

November  30,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  a  commissary -general  of  purchases,  whose 
duty  shall  be  to  purchase  provisions  under  the  direction  of  Congress, 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  board  of  war;  to  call  upon  the  principal 
State  agents  or  commissioners  for  such  supplies  as  their  respective 
legislatures  shall  make  provision  for,  and  to  keep  up  a  regular  corre- 
spondence with  them,  to  the  end  that  their  prospects  of  furnishing 
such  supplies  may  be  fully  known,  of  which  correspondence  he  shall 
keep  a  fair  and  correct  register,  as  well  as  of  every  other  official  trans- 
action; to  direct  the  quantities  and  species  of  provisions  to  bej  stored 
in  the  magazines  of  tne  several  States,  under  the  orders  of  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  and  cause  the  same  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Army,  as 
occasion  may  require;  for  which  purpose  he  is  hereby  empowered  to 
call  on  the  Quartermaster-General  and  the  deputy  quartermasters  for 
the  means  of  transportation;  to  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Com- 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  317 

mander  in  Chief  and  board  of  war  of  all  persons  employed  by  him, 
specifying  for  what  time  and  on  what  terms;  and  of  all  provisions 
received  in  each  month,  from  whom,  from  what  State,  and  the  quan- 
tities delivered  to  the  issuing  commissaries,  their  names,  and  at  what 
posts;  also  of  all  provisions  remaining  on  hand,  at  what  magazines 
and  in  whose  care;  the  returns  to  be  made  up  to  the  last  day  of  each 
month  and  forwarded  as  soon  after  as  may  be;  to  cause  all  his  accounts 
with  the  United  States  to  be  closed  annually,  on  the  1st  day  of  Janu- 
ary, and  laid  before  the  board  of  treasury  for  settlement  by  the  1st 
day  of  March  ensuing. 

That  there  be  a  deputy  commissary  of  purchases  for  the  southern 
army,  appointed  by  the  Commissary-General,  whose  duty  shall  be  the 
same  with  respect  to  that  army  as  that  of  the  Commissary-General  with 
the  main  army;  he  shall  make  his  returns  to  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  southern  army,  and  to  the  Commissary-General,  to  whom  he 
shall  be  responsible. 

The  Commissary-General  and  deputy  commissary  shall  each  appoint 
1  assistant  commissary,  1  superintendent  of  live  stock,  2  clerks,  and  as 
many  butchers,  coopers,  drovers,  and  laborers  as  may  be  necessary  for 
conducting  the  business  of  the  department,  and  shall  have  power  to  fix 
the  pay  of  the  butchers,  coopers,  drovers,  and  laborers,  subject  to  the 
control  of  the  board  of  war. 

That  the  pay  of  the  several  officers  in  the  department  be  in  the  bills 
emitted  in  pursuance  of  the  resolution  of  the  18th  day  of  March  last, 
as  follows: 

The  Commissary-General  177  dollars  per  month,  3  rations  for  him- 
self and  servants,  and  forage  for  2  horses;  deputy  commissary  125 
dollars  per  month,  2  rations  for  himself  and  servant,  and  forage  for  2 
horses. 

Assistant  commissaries  75  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  and  forage  for 
1  horse. 

Superintendent  of  live  stock  50  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  and  forage 
for  1  horse. 

Clerks  40  per  month  and  1  ration. 

Resolved,  That  no  officer  appointed  under  the  foregoing  regulations 
be  entitled  to  draw  any  pay  unless  he  produce  a  certificate  of  his  hav- 
ing taken  the  oaths  prescribed  by  the  resolution  of  February  3rd, 
1778; 

Resolved,  That  Ephraim  Blaine,  esq.,  be  continued  commissary- 
general  of  purchases; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  States  immediately  to  inform 
the  Commissary-General  and  deputy  commissary  of  the  names  of  their 
principal  agents  or  commissioners,  respectively,  for  supplying  the 
Army,  and  to  oblige  them  to  give  information,  from  time  to  time,  to 
the  Commissary-General  or  the  deputy  commissary  with  the  southern 
army,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  their  prospects,  and  how  far  they  shall 
be  able  to  comply  with  their  requisitions; 

That  the  live  stock  to  be  furnished  by  the  several  States  be  deliv- 
ered to  such  storekeepers  within  each  State,  at  such  times  and  in  such 
quantities  as  the  Commissary-General  or  deputy  commissary  shall 
direct,  under  the  regulations  contained  in  the  act  of  Congress  of  the 
15th  of  July  last  for  the  delivery  of  all  other  public  property; 

That  the  storekeepers  appointed  bjr  the  deputy  quartermasters  be 
subject  to  the  orders  of  the  Commissary-General,  to  whom  they  are 


318       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

to  make  monthly  returns  of  all  their  receipts  and  deliveries,  as  far  as 
respects  his  departments,  and  in  such  manner  as  he  shall  direct; 

That  all  the  resolutions  of  Congress  heretofore  made  respecting  the 
department  of  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  repealed. 

February  17,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  principal  superintendent  of  bakers  in  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  receive,  in  bills  of  the  new  emission  50  dollars  per 
month  and  two  rations  a  day,  and  forage  for  one  horse; 

That  the  superintendent  of  bakers  make  regular  monthly  returns  to 
the  commissary-general  of  issues,  and  that  he  receive  monies,  from 
time  to  time,  by  warrants  from  the  Commander  in  Chief  out  of  the 
military  chest,  for  payment  of  wages  and  carrying  on  the  business  of 
his  department. 

That  Mr.  Christopher  Ludwick,  who  has  acted  with  great  industry 
and  integrity  in  the  character  of  principal  superintendent  of  bakers, 
be,  and  is  hereby,  continued  in  that  employment,  and  that  he  be 
empowered  to  hire  or  enlist  any  number  of  bakers,  not  exceeding  30, 
on  such  terms  as  the  board  of  war  shall  think  proper; 

That  Mr.  Christopher  Ludwick  receive  as  a  compensation  for  all 
past  services,  1,000  dollars  in  bills  of  the  new  emission. 

February  W,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  board  of  war  be,  and  hereby  are,  directed  to  fur- 
nish the  southern  army  with  10,000  suits  of  clothes,  complete;  .  .  . 
8,000  knapsacks,  6,000  haversacks,  8,000  canteens,  700  camp  kettles, 
8,000  blankets.     .     .     . 

March  27,  1781. — Congress  accepted  resignation  of  J.  Wilkinson,  clothier-general. 

April  17,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general,  before  he  enters  into  office,  shall 
give  bond  in  such  sum  as  the  board  of  treasury  shall  think  sufficient, 
with  two  or  more  sufficient  sureties,  for  the  due  performance  of  his 
office,  which  bond  shall  be  lodged  in  the  treasury  office. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  clothier-general;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  John  Moylan  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 
by  Mr.  Burke. 

April  19,  1781. 

Whereas  differences  have  arisen  between  .  .  .  commissaries 
and  persons  claiming  to  be  creditors  of  the  United  States  for  articles 
furnished  by  or  taken  from  them  and  for  services  performed  by  them, 
for  which  no  vouchers  have  been  given  or  for  which  the  vouchers  may 
be  lost,  or,  having  vouchers,  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  account  can  be 
adjusted  in  either  of  the  departments  of  the  .  .  .  Commissary - 
General;  to  remedy  which, 

Resolved,  That  every  such  claim  as  aforesaid  which  shall  have  been 
submitted  to  the  inspection  of  the  Continental  commissioners  for  audit- 
ing and  adjusting  accounts  and  by  them  certified  shall,  by  the     .     .     . 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  319 

commissary,  be  allowed  and  may  be  paid,  or  certificates  given  for  the 
same,  in  like  manner  as  is  directed  in  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  26th 
of  August,  1780. 

April  21, 1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  remove  from  office  or  employment,  for  incapacity,  neg- 
ligence, dishonesty,  or  other  misbehavior,  such  persons,  not  immedi- 
ately appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  as  are  or 
may  be  officially  entrusted  with  and  immediately  employed  in  the 
expenditure  of  the  public  supplies,  stores,  and  other  property;  .  .  . 
and  such  of  the  said  persons  as  are  or  may  be  in  his  judgment  unnec- 
essary, reporting  to  such  authority,  board,  minister,  or  officer,  to  whom 
it  may  belong  to  supply  the  vacancy,  the  respective  names  of  the  per- 
sons so  removed. 

That  he  be  authorized  to  suspend  from  office  or  employment,  for 
similar  causes,  persons  officially  employed  and  entrusted  as  aforesaid 
immediately  appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
reporting  forthwith  their  names  and  the  reason  of  suspension. 

Provided,  that  in  all  cases  where  any  of  the  persons  aforesaid  are  or 
may  be  amenable  to  the  law  martial,  the  superintendent,  be  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  and  directed,  if  he  shall  deem  it  most  expedient 
for  the  public  service,  to  put  them  in  arrest  by  order  in  writing  and 
to  apply  to  the  officer  whose  duty  it  may  be  to  order  a  court-martial, 
and  such  officer  is  hereby  directed  to  order  proceedings  on  the  arrest 
accordingly. 

That  in  every  case  of  suspension  all  pay  and  emoluments  cease  from 
the  date  thereof,  unless  the  person  suspended  be,  upon  trial,  acquitted 
and  restored;  and  the  superintendent  shall  have  power  to  supply  the 
place  when  it  may  be  necessary  by  a  temporary  appointment,  to  con- 
tinue until  the  person  suspended  be  restored  or  dismissed. 

That  the  aforesaid  powers  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  with 
the  rank,  commission,  or  military  duty  of  any  officer  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  or  those  who  may  be  duly  entrusted  with  money  for  secret 
service  by  Congress,  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army,  or  com- 
manding officer  of  a  separate  department. 

That  the  powers  aforesaid  be  exercised  during  the  pleasure  of  Con- 
gress, but  not  to  extend  beyond  the  duration  of  the  war. 

May  5, 1781. — "The  honorable  the  Congress  having  by  their  resolve  of  the  17th  of 
April  last  appointed  John  Moylan,  esq.,  clothier-general  of  the  Army,"  etc.  ( Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor. ) 

June  18,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  all  State  purchases  of  clothing  on  Continental  account 
and  all  State  appointments  and  regulations  in  the  clothing  department 
on  Continental  account  be  abolished  on  the  first  day  of  September;  at 
or  before  which  time  the  sub  and  agent  clothiers  are  to  deliver  to  the 
clothier-general  or  his  order  all  clothing  procured  at  Continental 
expense  which  they  may  then  have  on  hand,  taking  his  receipt  therefor, 
a  duplicate  whereof  to  be  transmitted  to  the  treasury  office. 

*  *    .  a 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  in  the  month  of  June,  annually, 
make  and  deliver  in  to  the  boaj'd  of  war  an  estimate  of  clothing  and 
disbursements  for  clothing  for  a  year  from  the  first  day  of  November, 


320       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

then  next,  that  Congress  may  be  enabled  to  furnish  the  proper  sums 
and  adopt  the  necessary  measures  for  procuring  the  same. 

That  all  noncommissioned  officers  and  soldiers  who  are  or  may 
hereafter  be  enlisted  during  the  war  be  annually  furnished  with  one 
regimental  coat,  full  made;  one  cloth  vest;  one  pair  of  cloth  breeches; 
one  pair  of  woolen  overalls;  two  pair  of  woolen  hose;  two  pair  of 
woolen  socks;  one  felt  hat  or  leather  cap;  four  shirts;  two  pair  of 
linen  overalls;  four  pair  of  strong  shoes;  one  blanket;  one  rifle  shirt, 
and  one  pair  of  woolen  gloves;  also,  one  pair  of  shoe  buckles  and  one 
stock  clasp  every  two  years. 

The  dragoons  to  receive  two  pair  of  boots  and  one  pair  of  spurs, 
instead  of  the  shoes  and  buckles,  annually;  also  a  horseman's  cloak 
every  two  years. 

That  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commanding  general  in  a 
separate  department,  respectively,  be,  and  hereby  are,  authorized  to 
direct  what  clothing  shall,  from  time  to  time,  be  dealt  out  to  the  artifi- 
cers and  wagoners,  having  regard  to  the  nature  of  their  service  and 
the  terms  of  their  contract,  and  time  for  which  they  are  engaged. 

That  summer  clothing  be  ready  to  be  issued  on  the  15th  day  of  April 
annually,  and  the  winter  clothing  on  the  first  day  of  November  follow- 
ing, and  be  delivered  at  such  time  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  com- 
manding general  in  a  separate  department  shall  direct. 

That  the  clothier-general  deal  out  the  clothing  regimentally,  and 
keep  regular  accounts  against  the  respective  regimental  clothiers, 
taking  particular  care  to  have  the  clotning  equally  and  impartially 
distributed  when  it  is  found  incompetent  for  the  whole  Army. 

That  previous  to  the  day  of  general  issue  the  regimental  clothiers 
settle  their  accounts  with  the  clothier-general,  and  receive  his  certifi- 
cates of  the  arrearages  of  clothing  due  to  their  respective  regiments, 
and  present  him  with  a  return  of  the  number  of  men  for  whom  cloth- 
ing is  to  be  drawn  on  the  day  of  general  issue;  the  said  return  to  be 
examined  and  certified  by  the  officer  commanding  their  respective 
regiments,  and  signed  by  the  brigadier  or  officer  commanding  the 
brigade. 

That  all  extra  issues  to  detachments,  or  for  accidental  loss  of  cloth- 
ing, be  by  certificate  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  regiment  or 
detachment  to  which  the  noncommissioned  officers  or  soldiers  in  whose 
behalf  such  application  is  made  shall  belong;  the  said  certificate  being 
approved  and  signed  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  gen- 
eral of  a  separate  army. 

That  all  issues  of  clothing  be  made  from  the  magazines  or  places  of 
general  issue  with  the  Army;  and,  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  detached 
issues,  the  officers  commanding  parties  or  detachments  are  to  be 
answerable  that  they  are  supplied,  so  far  as  may  be,  from  the  maga- 
zines or  stores  at  camp  previous  to  their  leaving  the  army  to  which 
they  belong. 

That  no  articles  of  clothing  be  issued  by  the  clothier-general,  his 
deputies  or  assistants,  but  by  return  and  certificates  made  and  approved 
as  aforesaid. 

That  no  noncommissioned  officer  or  soldier  who  is  not  engaged  dur- 
ing the  war,  or  for  the  term  at  least  of  one  year,  be  furnished  with 
any  article  of  clothing. 

That  the  clothier-general  from  time  to  time  notify  the  Paymaster- 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  321 

General  of  all  surplusages  of  clothing,  specifying  the  corps  to  which 
they  belong,  that  stoppages  be  made  therefor. 

That  he  make  return  to  the  board  of  war  of  all  clothing  on  hand, 
and  persons  employed  in  the  department,  with  the  wages  given  to  each, 
regularly,  once  in  every  two  months. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  and  his  deputies  in  the  several  States 
shall,  on  the  requisitions  of  the  clothier-general,  furnish  the  means  of 
transportation  of  all  articles  of  clothing  from  the  places  where  imported, 
received,  or  purchased  to  the  places  of  deposit;  and  a  careful  wagon 
master  or  conductor  to  be  appointed  by  the  Quartermaster- General 
or  some  of  bis  deputies,  shall  proceed  with  the  clothing,  who  shall  be 
answerable  for  all  deficiencies  on  the  road,  unless  they  shall  be  able  to 
show  that  the  same  happened  by  unavoidable  accidents  and  not  through 
their  misconduct  or  want  of  attention. 

That  in  case  of  injuries  or  deficiencies  happening  in  the  transporta- 
tion of  clothing  the  clothier  stationed  at  the  magazine  or  place  of 
deposit  shall  represent  the  matter  to  the  nearest  commanding  officer 
of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  that  the  wagon  master  or  conductor 
having  had  charge  of  the  clothing  so  damaged  or  deficient  may  be 
tried  by  a  court-martial,  and,  if  found  guilty,  compelled  to  restore  the 
goods  lost,  or  their  value,  or  make  satisfaction  for  damages  accrued 
through  his  negligence  or  mismanagement,  or  be  punished  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  offence  by  judgment  of  the  court-martial. 

That  the  clothier-general  have  the  management,  direction,  and  super- 
intendence of  hides,  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  board  of  war,  with  full 
power  to  call  for  proper  returns  from  such  persons  as  have  heretofore 
had  the  management  of  hides. 

That  all  commissaries  make  monthly  returns  to  the  clothier-general 
of  the  hides  on  hand,  and  that  the  Commissary-General  make  monthly 
returns  to  him  of  all  the  live  cattle  delivered  over  to  the  commissaries 
of  the  Army. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  or  his  deputy,  on  the  application  of 
the  clothier-general,  or  either  of  his  deputies,  furnish  wagons  for 
transporting  raw  or  manufactured  hides  to  such  places  as  they  shall 
direct. 

That  the  clothier-general,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  superintendent 
of  finance,  be  authorized  to  appoint  such  number  of  persons  to  transact 
the  business  of  the  clothing  department,  during  the  present  campaign, 
as  they  may,  from  time  to  time,  find  necessary,  and  to  ascertain  their 
wages. 

That  the  clothier-general  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Commander 
in  Chief. 

That  all  resolutions  heretofore  passed  respecting  the  clothing  and 
hide  departments  inconsistent  with  this  arrangement  and  the  resolutions 
now  passed  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  repealed. 

June  28,  1781. — "The  commissary -general  of  issues  will  take  effectual  measures  to 
procureasupplyof  hard  bread  fortheArmy."    (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  PeekskUL ) 

July  10,  1781. l 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  either  by  himself  or  such  person  or  persons  as  he  shall, 

•Under  this  resolution  the  commissariat  system  of  subsisting  the  Army  was  dis- 
continucil  and  the  method  of  contracts  for  rations  adopted  in  its  stcml. 

S.  Doc.  229 21 


322       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

from  time  to  time,  appoint  for  the  purpose,  to  procure  on  contract  all 
necessaiy  .supplies  for  the  use  of  the  Army  or  armies  of  the  United 
States,     .     .     .     and  also  the  transportation  thereof;     .     .     . 

July  15,  1781. — "As  it  has  been  represented  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  that  the 
quantity  of  fresh  meat  lately  ordered  to  be  drawn  by  the  troops  will  not  keep  during 
this  hot  season,  he  desires  the  Commissary-General  may  cause  two  days'  allowance 
of  salt  beef  to  be  issued  to  every  regiment,  which  is  to  be  put  into  the  care  of  the 
regimental  quartermaster,  not  to  be  delivered  to  the  troops  but  by  special  order  of 
the  commanding  officers  of  brigades,  and  that  the  troops  be  served  daily  with  fresh 
beef."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  near  Dobb's  Ferry.) 

/September  /+,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  all  the  clothing  .  \  .  shipped  in  pursuance  of  the 
order  of  the  Honorable  John  Laurens,  special  minister  to  the  Court 
of  Versailles,  for  the  use  of  the  United  States,  be,  upon  its  arrival, 
delivered  to  the  order  of  the  board  of  war,  who  are  hereby  empow- 
ered and  directed  to  take  charge  and  direction  of  the  same. 

September  25,  1781. — "  The  several  issuing  commissaries  will  be  particularly  careful 
in  preserving  all  the  sheepskins  for  the  use  of  the  artillery.  They  will  be  delivered 
on  application  to  Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  deputy  field  commissary  of  military  stores." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Williamsburgh. ) 

October  2,  1781. — "  Salt  provision  is  not  to  be  issued  without  a  general  order  bat  in 
cases  of  necessity. "     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  before  York.) 

October  23,  1781. — "The  biscuit  taken  from  the  enemy  is  not  to  be  issued  without 
a  general  order."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  near  York.) 

October  30,  1781. — "  The  troops  and  British  prisoners,  except  those  in  the  hospital, 
to  draw  five  days'  allowance  of  corn  beef.  The  commissary  to  issue  with  the  beef 
half  the  quantity  of  salt  allowed  to  fresh  beef."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
near  York.) 

January  1,  1782. — "Contracts  having  been  made  for  supplying  troops  of  the  United 
States  at  various  posts  with  provisions,  the  officers  are  in  the  future  not  to  draw  any 
rations  on  public  account,  but  will  be  paid  in  money  at  the  close  of  each  month  the 
amount  the  several  rations  respectively  allowed  them  by  Congress,  but  for  their  greater 
convenience  it  is  agreed  that  the  contractors  shall  supply  them  with  the  whole  or 
so  many  of  the  rations  allowed  as  they  may  think  proper  to  draw  for,  and  the  Pay- 
master-General or  his  deputy  will  at  the  close  of  every  month  settle  with  the  con- 
tractors, and  after  paying  them  for  such  articles  as  the  officers  have  drawn,  pay  each 
officer  or  the  paymaster  of  his  regiment  the  balance  due  him."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Philadelphia. ) 

January  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Inspector-General,  or  inspector  of  a  sepa- 
rate army,  shall  be  authorized  to  call  on  the  .  .  .  clothier-gen- 
eral, .  .  .  or  their  deputies,  for  returns  of  the  articles  which  have 
been  issued  from  and  returned  to  their  several  departments  by  each 
corps,     .     .     . 

February  11,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to 
agree  for  and  purchase  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  all  such  clothing 
as  may  have  been,  or  shall  be,  provided  by  that  State,  before  the  open- 
ing of  the  ensuing  campaign;  and  that  he  take  charge  of  the  said 
clothing,  and  that  the  amount  thereof  be  passed  by  the  United  States 
to  the  credit  of  the  said  State  on  the  requisitions  previous  to  the  30th 
day  of  October,  1781. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  323 

April  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  clothier-general  receive  his  instructions 
from  the  War  Office,  and  that  the  distribution  of.  clothing  for  the  Army 
be  made  under  the  Secretary  at  War's  directions. 

April  30,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or  allow- 
ances to  officers  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  entitled 
to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 
officer  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 


Deputy  clothier  with  the  Army,  1  ration  per  day;  8^  dollars  per 
month. 

April  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants, 
beyond  the  number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced; 
.  .  .  except  such  of  them  as  shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the 
staff  departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  case  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respective 
ranks  in  the  Army,  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pay  and  subsistence 
belonging  to  their  rank  in  the  line,  as  a  compensation  for  their 
respective  services  in  the  staff,  without  any  other  allowance  whatso- 
ever;    .     .     . 


May  7,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  appoint  an  inspector  for  the  main  and  southern  army, 
to  take  care  that  the  contracts  for  supplying  rations  bo  duly  executed 
by  the  contractors;  that  the  said  inspectors  shall  also  be,  and  they  arc 
hereby,  fully  empowered  and  directed  to  attend  to  the  expenditures 
of  public  property  in  the  several  departments  of  the  Army,  and  report 
any  fraud,  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  misconduct  by  which  the  public 
property  is  wasted,  or  expense  unnecessarily  accumulated,  so  that  the 
party  charged  therewith  may  bo  tried  by  court-martial  on  such  charges 
exhibited  against  him  by  either  of  the  said  inspectors;  and  that  neither 
the  said  inspectors  nor  the  said  contractors,  or  their  property,  be 
liable  to  arrest  or  subject  to  martial  law,  except  by  the  express  order 
of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commander  of  the  army  to  which  the 
inspectors  respectively  shall  be  appointed,  any  resolution  or  act  of 
Congress  heretofore  made  notwithstanding; 

That  the  pay  to  each  inspector  bo  106ii  dollars  per  month,  in  full  of 
all  allowances; 

That  each  inspector,  when  appointed,  shall  take  an  oath  for  the  faith- 
ful and  impartial  execution  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him  as  inspector  of 
the  contracts  of  the  Army. 


324       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

June  21,  1782. 

4 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretan^  at  War  institute  an  immediate  enquiry 
into  the  reasons  which  have  delayed  the  arrival  of  clothing  and  other 
necessaries  which  have  already  been  provided  and  sent  on  to  the  south 
ern  army;  and  that  he  take  every  step  in  his  power  to  discover  the 
causes  of  delay,  embezzlement,  and  other  circumstances  which  have 
so  frequently  arrested  the  supplies  of  the  southern  army,  and  report 
thereon  to  Congress. 

Ordered,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  report  to  Congress  the 
causes  which  have  prevented  the  southern  army  being  supplied  by 
contracts. 

August  8,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Secretary  at  War  and  superintendent 
of  finance  take  order  that  proper  magazines  be  laid  up  in  the  said  fort 
[Fort  Pitt],  which  may  enable  the  commanding  officer,  in  case  the  said 
fort  should  be  invested  by  the  enemy,  to  render  it  tenable  until 
relieved. 

October  9,  1783. — "The  honorable  the  superintendent  of  finance  [has]  by  the  fol- 
lowing commission  [omitted]  appointed  Ezekiel  Cornell,  esq.,  inspector  for  the  main 
army  for  the  purpose  therein  mentioned"  [to  take  care  that  the  contracts  for  sup- 
plying rations  be  truly  executed] .     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Yerplank's  Point.) 

October  15,  1782. — "The  Commander  in  Chief  directs  the  Army  to  be  informed 
that,  in  consequence  of  instructions  from  the  superintendent  of  finance,  the  Honor- 
able Mr.  Cornell  hath  entered  into  a  contract  with  Messrs.  Wadsworth  &  Carter  to 
supply  the  main  army,  the  garrison  at  West  Point,  and  its  dependencies  with  rations 
of  provisions  from  the  16th  instant  until  the  last  day  of  December  next,  inclusive. 
All  applications  for  provisions  are  therefore  to  be  made  to  them  or  their  agents;  and 
no  receipts  or  vouchers  for  the  delivery  of  provisions  are  to  be  given  except  to  them 
or  persons  issuing  under  their  authority.  The  aforesaid  contractors,  Wadsworth  & 
Carter,  are  to  have  the  use  of  all  commissary's  storehouses,  scales,  and  weights 
belonging  to  the  public  in  the  department,  they  taking  care  that  the  property  of  the 
former  contractors  be  as  little  injured  thereby  as  possible."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Verplank's  Point.) 

Octoler  29,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  allowed  15  rations  per 
day; 

That  the  deputy  quartermaster  with  the  southern  army  be  allowed 
12  rations  per  day; 

That  all  assistants  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  be  allowed, 
each  of  them,  two  rations  per  day; 

That  the  wagon  master,  commissaiy  of  forage  for  the  main  army, 
and  commissary  of  forage  for  the  southern  army  be  each  allowed  five 
rations  per  day; 

That  the  deputy  wagon  master  with  the  southern  army  be  allowed 
four  rations  per  day; 

That  the  wagon  conductors  be  each  of  them  allowed  a  ration  and  a 
half  per  day; 

That  the  directors  of  the  artificers  be  allowed,  each  of  them,  three 
rations  per  day,  and  the  subdirectors,  each  of  them,  two  rations  per 
day; 

And  that  the  foregoing  rations  shall  be  inclusive  of  what  the  several 
officers  aforesaid  may  be  entitled  to  draw  in  the  line  of  the  Army. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT. 


325 


November  12,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  geographer  to  the  main  army  and  the  geographer 
to  the  southern  department  be  each  of  them  allowed  .  .  .  three 
rations  per  day,  .  .  .  [and]  a  servant,  for  whom  they  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  draw  one  ration  per  day  and  the  clothing  allowed  for  a  private 
soldier; 

That  the  assistant  geographers  ...  be  allowed  .  .  .  one 
ration  per  day,     .     .     . 

NoMmberftt,  1782. — "  The  Commander  in  Chief  has  the  pleasure  of  announcing 
that  a  delivery  of  two  shirts  per  man  will  shortly  be  made  to  the  whole  Army." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

December  2,  1782. — "The  abstracts  of  the  subsistence  of  the  Army,  up  to  the  time 
the  contractor  settled  with  the  officers  ( whose  certificate  is  then  to  be  taken ) ,  are  to 
be  sent  to  the  deputy  paymaster  at  the  Forge,  near  Murderer's  Creek,  as  soon  as 
possible."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

December  23,  1782. — "The  difficulty  of  transportation  having  delayed  a  considerable 
proportion  of  the  shirts,  which  are  ready-made  in  Philadelphia  and  which  may  now 
soon  be  expected,  those  which  have  arrived  are  to  be  drawn  for  by  lot." — (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

December  28,  1782. — "Allowance  of  subsistence  money  to  be  supplied  the  officers 
in  lieu  of  rations  for  themselves  and  servants,  without  arms,  according  to  an  act  of 
Congress  of  the  3d  December,  1782." 


Different  grades  and  officers. 


Major-general 

Brigadier 

Lt.  colonel 

Majors,  brigade  majors,  and  a. d.  c,  not  of  the  line 

Captains '. 

Subaltern 

Surgeon's  mate 

Quartermaster-General 

Deputy  q.  m.  genl.  with  the  main  army 

Deputy  q.  m.  genl.  with  the  southern  army 

Assistan  t  quartermasters 

Adjutant-General 

Assistants  to  the  Adjt.  Genl 

Deputy  adjutant-general 

Commissary  of  prisons 

Deputy  comsy.  prisons,  southern  army 

Intcndcn  ts  of  prisoners ; 

Judge-ad  vocates 

Deputy  judge-advocate,  southern  army 

Wagon  master ' 

Deputy  wagon  master,  southern  army 

Deputy  paymaster,  main  army 

Deputy  paymaster,  southern  army 

Field  commissary  military  stores 

Deputy  field  commissary  military  stores,  southern  army 

Conductors  and  clerks 

Directors  of  artificers 

Deputy  clothier  with  the  Army 

Deputy  postmaster  with  the  Army 

Geographers  to  the  main  and  southern  armies,  each 

Assistant  geographers 

(  :<jiii  missary  of  forage 

Deputy  commissary  of  forage,  southern  army 

Deputy  field  commissary  military  stores,  West  Point 


Daily 
number 
of  ra- 
tions. 


Number 
of  serv- 
ants 
without 
arms. 


Monthly 
allow- 
ance in 
lieu  of 
rations. 


876 
64 
21 
20 
12 

8 

8 
76 
32 
64 

8 
64 
20 
32 
28 
28 
16 
28 
28 
24 
20 
16 
28 
12 
12 

6 
12 

8 

4 
16 

4 
21 
20 


(Orders,* General  Headfjuarters,  Newburgh.) 

January  8,  1788. — Duplicate  accounts  of  the  subsistence  of  departments  and  gen- 
ual officers'  family,  to  be  signed  by  tlie  heads  of  the  departments  and  general 
officers."     (Orders,  General  Headquarterx,  Smhurgh.) 

February  25,  1783* — "The  contractors  for  the  Army  having  desired  that,  agreeably  to 
contract,  a  person  might  be  appointed  to  inspect  the  cattle  destined  for  the  Army, 


326       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Henry  Wykoff,  esq.,  of  Fishkill,  is  appointed  for  that  purpose  until  the  pleasure  of 
the  superintendent  of  finance  shall  be  known."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Newburgh.) 

March  19, 1783. — "The  contractors  are  requested  to  have  an  ample  supply  of  vine- 
gar, that  the  issue  of  that  article  may  be  regular  as  soon  as  the  warm  weather  com- 
mences."    (Orders,  General.  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

March 24, 1783. — "It  is  recommended  to  the  troops  to  make  regimental  gardens  for 
the  purpose  of  raising  greens  and  vegetables  for  their  own  use,  and,  in  order  to  collect 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  seeds,  commanding  officers  of  regiments  will  give  passes  to  as 
many  trusty  soldiers  as  they  may  judge  necessary  to  go  into  the  country  and  be 
absent  not  exceeding  ten  days.  The  General  hopes  he  shall  see  a  suitable  attention 
bestowed  on  an  article  which  will  contribute  so  much  to  the  comfort  and  health  of 
the  troops.  He  even  flatters  himself  it  will  become  a  matter  of  amusement  and  of 
emulation.  The  Quartermaster-General  is  also  desired  to  advertise  in  the  newspapers, 
giving  proper  invitation  and  encouragement  fo  those  who  may  be  disposed  to  send  or 
bring  in  garden  seeds  of  all  kinds  to  his  office,  which  will  be  equitably  divided  and 
faithfully  applied  to  the  soldiery. "     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

April  12,  1783. — "Application  is  to  be  made  to  the  assistant  clothier-general  for 
another  distribution  of  shirts;  also,  returns  to  be  given  in  to  him  of  the  men  who  have 
not  received  hats  for  the  last  year."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh. ) 

April  17,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  immediate  measures  be  taken  for  the  sale  of  .  .  . 
all  such  articles  in  the  several  military  departments  as  may  not  be  nec- 
essary for'  the  use  of  the  Army,  previous  to  its  reduction,  or  for  the 
formation  of  magazines  on  a  peace  establishment. 

January  %£,  178^. 

Resolved,  That  the  principals  in  the  several  departments  of  .  .  . 
clothier,  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  ordered  to  transmit,  as 
soon  as  may  be,  to  the  War  Office,  to  be  laid  before  Congress,  exact 
returns  of  all  the  stores  in  their  respective  departments,  specifying 
the  quantity  and  quality  of  each  article,  where  deposited,  in  whose  care, 
and  in  what  manner  secured. 

February  <B3,  1785. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  commissary  of  purchases,  commissary 
of  issues,  ...  be  required,  without  delay,  to  forward  to  the 
board  of  treasury  or  to  the  Comptroller  a  list  of  their  respective  dep- 
uties who  have  been  duly  authorized  to  issue  certificates. 

September  6,  1785. 

Ordered,  That  the  Secretary  at  War,  as  soon  as  may  be,  cause  to  be 
made  and  transmitted  to  Congress  an  exact  return  of  all  .  .  . 
wagons,  tents  .  .  .  and  public  stores,  or  property  of  every  descrip- 
tion, the  custody  of  which  is  charged  on  the  Department  of  War, 
distinguishing  the  quantity  or  number,  quality,  and  kind  of  each,  and 
the  several  places  of  their  deposits;  and  that  he  transmit  a  like  return 
on  the  first  Monday  in  January  and  the  first  Monday  in  July#annually. 

October  2,  1788. 

The  committee,  consisting  of  Mr.  Howard,  Mr.  Few,  Mr.  Dayton, 
Mr.  Oilman,  and  Mr.  Carrington,  appointed  to  make  full  inquiry  into 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  327 

the  proceedings  in  the  Department  of  War,  beg  leave  to  report  and  to 
present  to  the  view  of  Congress  a  summary  statement  of  the  various 
branches  of  the  Department  of  War. 


2D. OF  THE  CLOTHING  FOR  THE  TROOPS. 

The  ,roorjs  enlisted  in  1785  have  already  received  two  complete  suits, 
and  most  of  them  have  one  year's  clothing,  complete,  due  to  them. 

Provision  was  made  for  the  3d  year's  clothing,  but  the  Secretary  at 
War  has  been  constrained  to  apply  it  for  the  recruits;  otherwise  they 
could  not  have  been  enlisted,  good  clothing  being  the  greatest  induce- 
ment for  a  recruit  to  enlist  into  the  service. 

The  board  of  treasury  have  advertised  for  a  contract  for  clothing, 
and  hope  to  succeed,  in  which  case  the  old  soldiers  who  have  reen- 
listed  will  receive  their  third  suit  in  October  next.  Those  of  this 
description  who  will  be  discharged  will  probably  prefer  a  compensa- 
tion in  money  to  the  clothing. 

The  troops  on  the  frontiers  enlisted  in  1786  have  also  received  two 
suits  of  clothing,  and  will,  if  the  board  of  treasury  succeed  in  their 
contract,  duly  receive  their  third  suit. 

The  two  companies  of  artillery  raised  in  Massachusetts  have  received 
only  one  year's  clothing;  they  will  probably  receive  their  second  suit 
in  the  ensuing  October. 


6th. — OF    THE    MODE    IN    WHICH    THE    TROOPS    ARE    FURNISHED    WITH 

PROVISIONS. 

In  the  year  1785  Mr.  James  O'Hara  made  a  contract  with  the  board 
of  treasury  for  furnishing  the  several  posts  on  the  frontiers  with 
rut  ions,  which  were  to  consist  of — 

One  pound  of  beef  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork. 

One  pound  of  bread  or  flour. 

One  gill  of  common  rum. 

One  quart  of  salt, 

Two  quarts  of  vinegar,  I  f  <. 

1  wo  pounds  ot  soap,  J 

One  pound  of  candles,  J 

The  prices  of  which  at  the  several  posts  where  the  troops  were 
actually  stationed  were  as  follows: 

At  Fort  Pitt,  ) 

M'lntosh,  fl3£  ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 
Ilannar,    ) 

The  contract  was  performed  tolerably  well;  somo  complaints  were 
made  respecting  particular  posts,  but  the  defects  were,  perhaps,  insepa- 
rably connected  with  the  state  of  the  frontiers  and  of  public  affairs. 

In  1786  a  contract  was  formed  by  the  board  of  treasury  for  the  same 
objects  with  Messrs.  Turnbull,  Marmio  &  Co.,  the  articles  of  the  ration 
to  consist  of  the  same  as  the  preceding,  and  the  prices  thereof. 

At  Fort  Pitt,  10i  ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 

M'lntosh,  )ni  di 

Harmar,    J 

There  were  some  stipulations  for  payment  by  warrants  on  the  State 


328       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

of  Pennsylvania,  which  were  paid  in  the  paper  currency  by  the  said 
State  when  greatly  depreciated.  This  contract  was  ill  executed,  and 
the  mode  of  payment  was  assigned  by  the  contractors  as  the  reason. 

1787,  a  contract  was  formed  by  the  board  of  treasury  with  Mr. 
James  O'Hara  at  the  prices  herein  stated: 

Fort  Pitt,  9£  ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 

M'Intosh,  10±  ditto. 

Harmar,  ll|  ditto. 

Rapids  of  the  Ohio,  13£  ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 
Venango,  14  ditto. 

This  contract  was  better  executed  than  any  of  the  former.  The  pay- 
ments were  generally  made  in  warrants  on  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Maryland. 

A  new  contract  has  been  formed,  to  take  effect  from  the  1st  of  July 
of  the  present  year  to  the  end  of  the  year  1789,  by  Messrs.  Elliot  and 
Williams,  of  Maryland,  at  the  following  prices: 

The  terms  of  payment,  by  warrants  on  Maryland. 

Fort  Pitt,  7    ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 

M'Intosh,  the  same. 

Harmar,  the  same. 

Rapids  of  the  Ohio,  7£  ninetieths  of  a  dollar. 
Post  Vincennes,      16  ditto. 

Venango,  9  ditto. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  April  30,  1790  (1  Stats.,  119). 

AN  ACT  for  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  and  musician 
aforesaid  shall  receive  annually  the  following  articles  of  uniform 
clothing:  One  hat  or  helmet,  one  coat,  one  vest,  two  pair  of  woolen 
and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  four  pair  of  shoes,  four  shirts,  two  pair 
of  socks,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp,  and  one  pair  of  buckles. 

Sec.  10.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  and  musician 
aforesaid  shall  receive  daily  the  following  rations  of  provisions,  or  the 
value  thereof:  One  pound  of  beef  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork, 
one  pound  of  bread  or  flour,  half  a  gill  of  rum,  brandy,  or  whiskey,  or 
the  value  thereof  at  the  contract  price  when  the  same  shall  become 
due,  and  at  the  rate  of  one  quart  of  salt,  two  quarts  of  vinegar,  two 
pounds  of  soap,  and  one  pound  of  candles  to  every  hundred  rations. 


Act  of  May  8,  1792  (1  Stats.,  279). 

AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplying  the  Army 
with  provisions,  clothing,  .  .  .  and  all  other  supplies  or  articles 
for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  War  be  made  by  or  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Treasury  Department. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  329 

Act  of  June  7,  1794  (1  Stats.,  390). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  the  "Act  for  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision 
for  the  protection  of  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  to  such  of  the  troops  as  are  or  may  be  employed  on 
the  frontiers,  and  under  such  special  circumstances  as  in  the  opinion 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States  may  require  an  augmentation  of 
some  parts  of  their  rations,  the  President  be  authorized  to  direct  such 
augmentation  as  he  may  judge  necessary,  not  exceeding  four  ounces  of 
beef,  two  ounces  of  flour,  and  half  a  gill  of  rum  or  whiskey  in  addition 
to  each  ration,  and  half  a  pint  of  salt  to  one  hundred  rations. 

Act  of  January  2,  1795  (1  Stats.,  408). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  pay  of  the  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  and  pri- 
vates of  the  militia  of  the  United  States,  when  called  into  actual  service,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  to  those  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States, 
who  are,  or  shall  be  employed  on  the  western  frontiers,  there  shall  be 
allowed,  during  the  time  of  their  being  so  employed,  two  ounces  of 
flour  or  bread,  and  two  ounces  of  beef  or  pork,  in  addition  to  each  of 
their  rations,  and  half  a  pint  of  salt,  in  addition  to  every  hundred  of 
their  rations. 

Act  of  February  23,  1795  (1  Stats.,  419). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  the  office  of  Purveyor  of  Public  Supplies.1 

Sec.  1.  That  there  shall  be  in  the  Department  of  the  Treasury  an 
officer  to  be  denominated  "Purveyor  of  Public  Supplies,"  whose  duty 
it  shall  be,  under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  to  conduct  the  procuring  and  providing  of  all  .  .  . 
provisions,  clothing,  .  .  .  and  generally  all  articles  of  supply 
requisite  for  the  service  of  the  United  States.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1795  (1  Stats.,  430). 

AN  ACT  for  continuing  and  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States,  and  for  repealing  sundry  acts  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  or  musician  of 
the  artiller}'  and  infantry  shall  receive,  annually,  the  following  arti- 
cles of  uniform  clothing,  to  wit:  One  hat  or  helmet,  one  coat,  one  vest, 
two  pair  of  woolen  and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  four  pair  of  shots. 
four  shirts,  two  pair  of  socks,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp,  and 
one  pair  of  buckles.  And  that  there  be  furnished  to  the  cavalry  and 
riflemen  such  clothing  as  shall  be  most  suitable  and  best  adapted  to  the 
nature  of  the  service,  having  regard  therein,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  to 
the  value  of  the  clothing  allowed  as  above,  to  the  infantry  and  artillery. 

Sec.  8.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  and  musician 
shall  receive  daily  the  following  rations  of  provisions,  to  wit:  One 

1  Abolished,  after  May  31.  1812,  by  the  act  of  March  28,  1812. 


330       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

pound  of  beef  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork,  one  pound  of 
bread  or  flour,  half  a  gill  of  rum,  brandy,  or  whiskey,  and  at  the  rate 
of  one  quart  of  salt,  two  quarts  of  vinegar,  two  pounds  of  soap,  and 
one  pound  of  candles  to  every  hundred  rations,  or  the  value  thereof, 
at  the  contract  price,  when  the  same  shall  become  due;  and  if  at  such 
posts  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract,  then  such  allowance  as 
shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to  former  contracts  and 
the  position  of  the  place  in  question. 

Sec.  9.  That  to  those  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States 
who  are  or  shall  be  employed  on  the  western  frontiers  there  shall  be 
allowed  during  the  time  of  their  being  so  employed  two  ounces  of 
flour  or  bread  and  two  ounces  of  beef  or  pork  in  addition  to  each 
of  their  rations,  and  half  a  pint  of  salt  in  addition  to  every  hundred  of 
their  rations. 


Act  of  May  30,  1796  (1  Stats.,  1,83). 

AN  ACT  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  or  musician  of 
the  artillery  and  infantry  shall  receive  annually  the  following  articles 
of  uniform  clothing,  to  wit:  One  hat,  one  coat,  one  vest,  two  pair  of 
woolen  and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  four  pair  of  shoes,  four  shirts, 
four  pair  of  socks,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp,  and  one  pair  of 
buckles. 

Sec.  9.  That  suitable  clothing  be  provided  for  the  dragoons,  adapted 
to  the  nature  of  the  service,  and  conformed  as  near  as  may  be  to  the 
value  of  the  clothing  allowed  to  the  infantry  and  artillery. 

Sec.  10.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  and  musician 
shall  receive  daily  the  following  rations  of  provisions,  to  wit:  One 
pound  of  beef  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork,  one  pound  of 
bread  or  flour,  half  a  gill  of  rum,  brandy,  or  whiskey;  and  at  the  rate 
of  one  quart  of  salt,  two  quarts  of  vinegar,  two  pounds  of  soap,  and 
one  pound  of  candles  to  every  hundred  rations. 

Sec.  II.1  That  to  those  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States 
who  are  or  shall  be  employed  on  the  western  frontiers  there  shall  be 
allowed,  during  the  time  of  their  being  so  employed,  two  ounces 
of  flour  or  bread  and  two  ounces  of  beef  or  pork  in  addition  to  each  of 
the  rations,  and  half  a  pint  of  salt  in  addition  to  every  hundred  of 
their  rations. 


Act  of  July  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  604). 

AN  ACT  to  augment  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  .  .  .  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  and 
musician  shall  receive  daily  the  following  rations  of  provisions,  to 
wit:  One  pound  and  a  quarter  of  beeior  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of 
pork,  eighteen  ounces  of  bread  or  flour,  a  gill  of  rum,  brandy,  or 

Repealed  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1797  (1  Stats.,  507). 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  331 

whiskey;  and  at -the  rate  of  two  quarts  of  salt,  four  quarts  of  vinegar, 
four  pounds  of  soap,  and  one  pound  and  a-half  of  candles  to  every 
hundred  rations. 


Act  of  July  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  610). 

AN  ACT  to  alter  and  amend  the  several  acts  for  the  establishment  and  regulation 
of  the  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  •  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be  made  by 
or  under  the  direction  of  the  chief  officers  of  the  departments  of  War 
.  .  .  and  all  agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  services  as  afore- 
said shall  render  their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountants  of 
the  proper  department  for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required, 
subject,  nevertheless,  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of 
the  Treasury  in  manner  before  prescribed. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  purveyor  of  public  supplies 
to  execute  all  such  orders  as  he  ma}'  from  time  to  time  receive  from 
the  Secretary  of  War  .  .  .  relative  to  the  procuring  and  provid- 
ing of  all  kinds  of  stores  and  supplies,  and  shall  render  his  accounts 
relative  thereto  to  the  accountants  of  the  proper  departments,  which 
accounts  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers 
of  the  Treasury  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  provisions  of  the  act  passed  on  the  eighth  day  of 
May,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-two,  intituled  "An  act 
making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments,"  and  the 
act  passed  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  Februaiy,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety-five,  intituled  "An  act  to  establish  the  office  of 
purveyor  of  public  supplies,"  so  far  as  the  same  are  repugnant  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  contracts  to  be  made  by  virtue  of  this  act,  or  of  any 
law  of  the  United  States,  and  requiring  the  advance  of  money,  or  to  be 
in  any  manner  connected  with  the  settlement  of  public  accounts,  shall 
be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  within  ninety  days  after  their  dates,  respectively. . 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats,  749). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  19.  That  a  ration  of  provisions  shall  henceforth  consist  of 
eighteen  ounces  of  bread  or  flour,  or  when  neither  can  be  obtained,  of 
one  quart  of  rice  or  one  and  a  half  pound  of  sifted  or  bolted  Indian 
meal,  one  pound  and  a  quarter  of  fresh  beef  or  one  pound  of  salted 
beef,  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  salted  pork,  and  when  fresh 
meat  is  issued,  salt  at  the  rate  of  two  quarts  for  every  hundred  rations, 
soap  at  the  rate  of  four  pounds,  ana  candles  at  the  rate  of  a  pound 
and  a  half  for  every  hundred  rations :  Provided,  always,  That  there 
shall  be  no  diminution  of  the  ration  to  which  any  of  the  troops  now  in 
service  may  be  entitled  by  the  terms  of  their  enlistment. 

Sec.  20.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  private,  artificer,  and 


332       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

musician  of  the  artillery  and  infantry  shall  receive  annually  the  fol- 
lowing articles  of  uniform  clothing,  to  wit:  One  hat,  one  coat,  one  vest, 
two  pair  of  woolen  and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  four  pair  of  shoes, 
four  shirts,  four  pair  of  socks,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp,  and  one 
pair  of  buckles. 

Sec.  21.  That  suitable  clothing  be  provided  for  the  dragoons,  adapted 
to  the  nature  of  the  service  and  conformed  as  near  as  may  be  to  the  value 
of  the  clothing  allowed  to  the  infantry  and  artillery. 

Sec.  22.  .  .  .  that  whenever  supplies  thereof  shall  be  on  hand 
there  shall  be  issued  to  the  troops  vinegar  at  the  rate  of  two  quarts  for 
every  hundred  rations. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Secretary  of  War  to  cause 
to  be  provided,  in  each  and  every  year,  all  clothing  .  .  .  neces- 
sary for  the  troops  and  armies  of  the  United  States  for  the  succeeding 
year,  and  for  this  purpose  to  make  purchases,  and  enter,  or  cause  to 
be  entered  into,  all  necessary  contracts  or  obligations  for  effecting  the 

same. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  •  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  three  military  agents  and  such 
number  of  assistant  military  agents1  as  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  deem  expedient,  not  exceeding  one  to  each  military  post, 
which  assistants  shall  be  taken  from  the  line.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officer  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  ....  to  each  assistant  military  agent,  eight  dollars,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line,  except  the  assistant  military  agents  at 
Pittsburg  and  Niagara,  who  shall  receive  sixteen  dollars  each,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  pay  in  the  line.     .     .     . 

Sec  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive,  for  their  daily  subsistence,  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  A  colonel,  six  rations;  a  lieutenant-colonel,  five  rations; 
a  major,  four  rations;  a  captain,  three  rations;  a  lieutenant,  two  rations; 
an  ensign,  two  rations;  a  surgeon,  three  rations;  a  surgeon's  mate,  two 
rations;  a  cadet,  two  rations,  or  money  in  lieu  thereof  at  the  option  of 
said  officers  and  cadets  at  the  posts  respectively,  when  the  rations  shall 
become  due;  and  if  at  such  post  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract, 
then  such  allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to 
former  contracts  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question;  and  each 
noncommissioned  officer,  musician,  and  private,  one  ration;  to  the  com- 
manding officers  of  each  separate  post,  such  additional  number  of 
rations  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  from  time  to  time 
direct,  having  respect  to  the  special  circumstances  of  each  post;  to 
the  women  who  may  be  allowed  to  any  particular  corps,  not  exceeding 
the  proportion  of  four  to  a  company,  one  ration  each;  to  such  matrons 
and  nurses  as  may  be  necessarily  employed  in  the  hospital,  one  ration 

1  It  is  assumed  that  the  assistant  military  agents  at  posts  performed  duty  in  both 
the  Subsistence  and  the  Quartermaster's  Departments.  This  section  assigns  to  pay- 
masters charge  of  the  clothing  of  the  troops. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  333 

each;  and  to  every  noncommissioned  officer  who  shall  keep  one  servant, 
not  a  soldier  of  the  line,  one  additional  ration. 

Sec.  6.  That  each  ration  shall  consist  of  one  pound  and  a  quarter  of 
beef  or  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork,  eighteen  ounces  of  bread 
or  flour,  one  gill  of  rum,  whiskey,  or  brandy,  and  at  the  rate  of  two 
quarts  of  salt,  four  quarts  of  vinegar,  four  pounds  of  soap,  and  one 
pound  and  a  half  of  candles  to  every  hundred  rations. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  musician,  and  private 
of  the  artillery  and  infantry  shall  receive  annually  the  following  articles 
of  uniform  clothing,  to  wit:  One  hat,  one  coat,  one  vest,  two  pair  of 
woolen  and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  one  coarse  linen  frock  and  trousers 
for  fatigue  clothing,  four  pair  of  shoes,  four  shirts,  two  pair  of  socks, 
two  pair  of  short  stockings,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp,  and  one 
pair  of  half  gaithers;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized 
to  cause  to  be  furnished  to  the  paymasters  of  the  respective  districts 
such  surplus  of  clothing  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  which  clothing  shall, 
under  his  direction,  be  furnished  to  the  soldiers,  when  necessary,  at 
the  contract  prices,  and  accounted  for  by  them  out  of  their  arrears  of 
monthly  pay. 


Act  of  March  26,  1804  (#  Stats.,  290). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  "An  Act  for  fixing  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 

States." 


Sec.  2.  That  an  equivalent  in  malt  liquor  or  low  wines  may  be  sup- 

Elied  the  troops  of  the  United  States  instead  of  the  rum,  whiskey,  or 
randy  which  by  the  said  act  is  made  a  component  part  of  the  ration 
at  sucn  posts  and  garrisons,  and  at  such  seasons  of  the  year  as  in  the 
opinion  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  may  be  necessary  to  the 
preservation  of  their  health. 

Act  of  April  12,  1808  (2  Stats.,  4S1). 

aN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  subsistence  of  the  officers  of  the  Army,  when  not 
received  in  kind,  shall  be  estimated  at  twenty  cents  per  ration. 


Act  of  January  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  each  ration  shall  consist  of  one  pound  and  a  quarter  of 
beef,  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork,  eighteen  ounces  of  bread 
or  flour,  one  gill  of  rum,  whiskey,  or  brandy,  and  at  the  rate  of  two 
quarts  of  suit,  four  quarts  of  vinegar,  four  pounds  of  soap,  and  one 
pound  and  a  half  of  candles  to  every  hundred  rations, 


334       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  \j.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  noncommissioned  officer,  musician,  and  private 
of  the  artillery  and  infantry  shall  receive  annually  the  following  arti- 
cles of  uniform  clothing,  to  wit:  One  hat,  one  coat,  one  vest,  two  pair 
of  woolen  and  two  pair  of  linen  overalls,  one  coarse  linen  frock  and 
trousers  for  fatigue  clothing,  four  pair  of  shoes,  four  shirts,  two  pair 
of  socks,  two  pair  of  short  stockings,  one  blanket,  one  stock  and  clasp, 
and  one  pair  of  half  gaithers.  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby 
authorized  to  cause  to  be  furnished  to  the  paymasters  of  the  respective 
districts  such  surplus  of  clothing  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 


Act  of  March  17,  1812  (2  Stats.,  695). 
AN  ACT  supplementary  to  "An  Act  to  raise  an  additional  military  force." 

That  the  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  and  privates  of  the 
light  dragoons  shall  receive  the  same  uniform  clothing  as  is  now  pro- 
vided by  law  for  the  artillery  and  infantry,  excepting  one  pair  of 
gaithers  and  four  pair  of  shoes,  in  lieu  of  which  each  person  shall  be 
annually  entitled  to  receive  one  pair  of  boots  and  two  pair  of  shoes. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  and  privates 
of  the  regiment  of  light  artillery  shall  receive  the  same  clothing  as  the 
light  dragoons  when  ordered  to  be  mounted. 


March  28,  1812  (2  Stats.,  696). 
AN  ACT  to  establish  a  Quartermaster's  Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  a  commissary-general  of  purchases,  and 
as  many  deputy  commissaries  as  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States  the  public  service  may  require,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissary -general  of  pur- 
chases, under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
to  conduct  the  procuring  and  providing  of  all  arms,  military  stores, 
clothing,  and  generally  all  artieles  of  suppty  requisite  for  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  deputy 
commissaries,  when  directed  thereto  either  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
the  commissaiy-general  of  purchases,  or,  in  cases  of  necessity,  by  the 
commanding  general,  Quartermaster-General,  or  deput}r  quartermas- 
ters, to  purchase  all  such  of  the  aforesaid  articles  as  may  be  requisite 
for  the  military  service  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  neither  .  .  .  the  Commissary-General  shall,  directly 
or  indirectly,  be  concerned  or  interested  in  carrying  on  the  business  of 
trade  or  commerce,  or  be  owner,  in  whole  or  in  part,  of  any  sea  vessel; 
nor  shall  either  of  them  purchase,  by  himself  or  other  in  trust  for 
him,  public  lands  or  any  other  public  property,  or  be  concerned  in 
the  purchase  or  disposal  of  any  public  securities  of  any  State  or  of  the 
United  States,  or  take  or  apply  to  his  own  use  any  emolument  or  gain 
for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  business  in  the  said  department 
other  than  what  shall  be  allowed  by  law;  and  if  .  .  .  the 
said    .     .     .     Commissary-General  shall  offend  against  any  of  the 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPAKTMENT.  335 

prohibitions  of  this  act,  the  parties  so  offending  shall  upon  conviction 
forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  penalty  of  three  thousand  dollars,  and 
may  be  imprisoned  for  a  term  not  exceeding  five  j7ears,  and  shall  be 
removed  from  office,  and  be  forever  thereafter  incapable  of  holding 
uiiy  office  under  the  United  States. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  salary  of  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  shall 
be  three  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and  the  compensation  to  a  deputy 
commissary  shall  not  exceed  two  and  one-half  per  centum  on  the 
public  moneys  disbursed  by  him,  nor  in  any  instance  the  sum  of  two 
thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  commissary -general  of  purchases  shall,  before  he 
enters  upon  his  duties,  give  bond  with  sufficient  sureity,tobe  approved 
of  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and 
the  deputy  commissaries  each  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  with 
condition  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  duties  of  their  office, 
respectively,  which  bonds  shall  be  lodged  with  the  Comptroller  of 
Treasury. 

Sec.  9.  That  from  and  after  the  last  day  of  May  next  so  much  of  the 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  the  office  of  purveyor  of  public  sup- 
plies" .  .  .  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  and  in  the 
meantime  the  purveyor  shall  deliver  over  to  the  Commissary-General 
or  one  of  his  deputies  the  public  stores  and  property  of  all  sorts  in  his 
possession,  who  shall  receipt  to  him  for  the  same. 

Sec.  10.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  .  .  . 
Commissary-General  shall  be  free  from  postage. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  18.  That  this  act  shall  go  into  operation  on  the  first  day  of 
April  next.     .     .     . 

Sec.  19.  That  all  persons  attached  to  the  public  service  by  virtue  of 
this  act  shall  be  subject  to  military  law,  except  the  deputy  com- 
missaries. 

Sec.  20.  That  the  President  may,  and  hereby  is  authorized,  in  the 
recess  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  the  .  .  .  Commissary-General 
and  deputy  commissaries,  or  any  of  them,  which  appointments  shall 
be  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  their  next  session  for  their  advice  and 
consent. 

Act  of  May  M,  1812  (0  Stats.,  1J$). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  :i  Quartermaster's   Depart- 
ment, and  for  other  purposes."  ' 

That  neither  .  .  .  the  Commissary-General  nor  any  or  either  of 
their  deputies  or  assistant  deputies  shall  be  concerned,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, in  the  purchase  or  sale,  for  commercial  purposes,  <>t"  any  article 
intended  for  making  a  part  of,  or  appertaining  to  their  respective 
departments,  except  for  and  on  account  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall 
they,  or  either  of  them,  take  or  apply  to  his  or  their  own  use  any  gain 
or  emolument  for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  business  in  their 
.     .     .     departments,  other  than  what  is  or  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  sixth  section  <>f  the  act  hereby  amended  l>e,  and  the 
same  is  herein-,  repealed. 


336       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  816). 

AN  ACT  the  better  to  provide  for  the  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and 
for  the  accountability  of  persons  entrusted  with  the  same. 

Sec.  2.  The  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  *  shall  pre- 
scribe the  form  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and  sup- 
plies purchased,  on  hand,  distributed,  used,  or  sold,  to  be  rendered  by 
.    .    .    the  commissary -general  of  purchases  and  his  deputies.    .    .    . 

Sec.  3.  That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  and  his  deputies 
.  .  .  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  of  the  disposition  and  state  of 
all  such  stores  and  supplies  to  the  superintendent  aforesaid ;  and  shall 
also  make  such  other  returns  respecting  the  same,  and  at  such  other 
times,  as  the  Secretary  for  the  War  Department  may  prescribe:  Pro- 
vided, however,  That  the  accounts  and  returns  thus  rendered  shall 
relate  to  the  articles  of  supply  only  which  may  have  been  received  and 
disposed  of,  or  as  may  remain  on  hand,  and  shall  not  embrace  the 
specie  accounts  for  moneys  disbursed  by  such  officers,  agents,  or  other 
persons;  which  specie  accounts  shall  be  rendered,  as  heretofore,  to  the 
accountant  for  the  War  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  .  .  .  who  may  receive  money  in  advance 
from  the  War  Department  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  to  the 
accountant  of  the  said  Department  of  their  specie  receipts  and  disburse- 
ments, and  shall,  moreover,  make  such  other  monthly  summary  state- 
ments thereof  to  the  Secretar}7  of  the  said  Department  as  he  may 
prescribe.  And  the  quarterly  accounts  of  supplies,  or  of  moneys  ren- 
dered as  aforesaid,  shall  be  respectively  settled  by  the  superintendent- 
general  of  military  supplies  and  by  the  accountant  of  the  War 
Department,  according  to  their  respective  authorities,  within  three 
months  after  the  time  when  such  accounts  shall  have,  respectively, 
been  rendered  to  them. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Secretary  for  the  War  Department  shall  be,  and 
he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  define  and  prescribe  the  species, 
as  well  as  the  amount,  of  supplies  to  be  respectively  purchased  by  the 
Commissary-General's  .  .  .  departments,  and  the  respective  duties 
and  powers  of  the  said  departments  respecting  such  purchases. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
empowered,  as  he  may  deem  it  expedient,  either  to  appoint  for  the 
time  being  a  special  commissary  or  commissaries  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying,  by  purchase  or  contract,  and  of  issuing,  or  to  authorize 
any  officer  or  officers  in  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department  to 
supply  and  issue,  as  aforesaid,  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  subsistence 
of  the  Army  in  all  cases  where,  either  from  the  want  of  contractors, 
or  from  any  deficiency  on  their  part,  or  from  any  other  contingency, 
such  measure  may  be  proper  and  necessary  in  order  to  insure  the  sub- 
sistence of  the  Army,  or  any  part  thereof;  and  such  special  commis- 
saries shall,  each,  whilstemployed,  be  entitled  to  the  pay  and  emoluments 
of  a  deputy  quartermaster-general. 

1  The  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies,  authorized  to  be  appointed  under 
this  act,  was  not  a  staff  officer,  but  a  civilian,  with  a  salary  of  $3,000  per  annum. 
His  duties  were  to  keep  proper  accounts  of  all  military  stores  and  supplies  of  every 
description  purchased  for  the  Army,  the  volunteers,  and  the  militia,  and  to  prescribe 
forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and  supplies,  etc. 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  337 

Sec.  9.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint  not  exceeding  six  assistant  commissaries,  to  be 
attached  to  sueli  Army,  or  to  reside  at  such  places,  respectively,  as  the 
Secretary  for  the  War  Department  may  direct,  for  the  purpose  of 
receiving  from  the  commissary -general  of  purchases,  or  from  his  depu- 
ties, and  of  distributing  to  the  regimental  quartermasters,  and  to  such 
officers  as  may  by  the  Secretary  aforesaid  be  designated,  the  clothing 
and  other  supplies  purchased  by  the  Commissary-General  aforesaid,  or 
his  deputies,  and  destined  for  the  use  of  the  troops  belonging  to  the 
Army,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the  place  to  which  such  assistant  commis- 
saries may,  respectively,  be  attached.  And  said  assistant  commissaries 
shall,  whilst  employed,  be  entitled  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a 
deputy  quartermaster-general. 

Act  of  March  30,  1814  (3  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

* .  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  prescribe  the  quantity  and  kind  of  clothing  to  be  issued 
annually  to  the  troops  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  December  15,  1814  (3  Stats.,  151). 

AN  ACT  directing  the  staff  officers  of  the  Army  to  comply  with  the  requisitions  of 
naval  and  marine  officers  in  certain  cases. 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  officers  of  the  staff  of  the 
Army  of  the  United  States  to  provide  the  officers,  seamen,  and  marines 
of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States,  when  acting,  or  proceeding  to  act, 
on  shore,  in  cooperation  with  the  land  troops,  upon  the  requisition  of 
the  commanding  naval  or  marine  officer  of  any  such  detachment  of 
seamen  or  marines,  under  order  to  act  as  aforesaid,  with  rations: 
.  Provided,  nevertJieless,  That  the  contract  price  of  the  rations 
which  may  be  furnished  shall  be  reimbursed  out  of  the  appropriations 
for  the  support  of  the  Navy. 


May  17,  1815.—  .  .  .  The  acts  of  Congress  establishing  .  .  .  the  office  of 
the  commissary-general  of  purchases,  .  .  .  remain  in  force.  .  .  .  (General 
Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'n  Office.) 

Act  of  April  24,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  an<l  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  th«  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sbo.  5.  That  the  purchasing  department  shall  consist  of  one  com- 
missjiry -general  of  purchases,  ae  heretofore  authorised,  with  the  annual 
salary  oi  three  thousand  dollars,  and  one  deputy  commissary  to  each 
division,  with  the  annual  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars,  and  six  assist- 
ant commissaries  of  issues,  with  the  annual  salary  of  one  thousand 
three  hundred  dollars,  and  as  many  military  storekeepers  as  the  service 
S.  Doc.  229 22 


338       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

may  require,  whose  salaries  shall  be  regulated  by  the  Secretary  of  "War, 
according  to  the  duties  they  may  perform:  Provided,  That  the  pay  and 
emoluments  shall  not  exceed  that  of  a  captain  of  infantry. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  officers  of  the  .  .  .  commissary  .  .  . 
department  shall,  previous  to  their  entering  on  the  duties  of  their 
respective  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the  United  States, 
fully  to  account  for  all  moneys  and  public  property  which  they  may 
receive,  in  such  sum  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  direct.  And  all 
.  .  .  commissaries  and  storekeepers  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules 
and  articles  of  war,  in  the  same  manner  as  commissioned  officers: 
Provided  also,  That  all  officers  of  the  .  .  .  commissary's  depart- 
ments be  submitted  to  the  Senate  for  their  confirmation,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  officers  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  prescribe  the  quantity  and  kind  of  clothing  to  be  issued 
annually  to  the  troops  of  the  United  States:  .  .  .  Provided  also, 
That  the  manner  of  issuing  and  accounting  for  clothing  shall  be  estab- 
lished in  the  general  regulations  of  the  War  Department. 


Act  of  April  H,  J8181  {3  Stats,  1$6). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  as  soon  as  the  state  of  existing  contracts  for  the  sub- 
sistence of  the  Army  shall,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  permit  it,  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  one  Commissary-Gen- 
eral, with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  ordnance, 
who  shall,  before  entering  on  the  duties  of  his  office,  give  bond  and 
security,  in  such  sum  as  the  President  may  direct;  and  as  many  assist- 
ants, to  be  taken  from  the  subalterns  of  the  line,  as  the  service  may 
require,  who  shall  receive  twenty  dollars  per  month  in  addition  to 
their  pay  in  the  line,  and  who  shall,  before  entering  on  the  duties  of 
their  office,  give  bond  and  security,  in  such  sums  as  the  President  mav 
direct.  The  Commissary-General  and  his  assistants  shall  perform  such 
duties,  in  purchasing  and  issuing  of  rations  to  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  as  the  President  may  direct. 

Sec.  7.  That  supplies  for  the  Army,  unless  in  particular  and  urgent 
cases  the  Secretary  of  War  should  otherwise  direct,  shall  be  pur- 
chased by  contract,  to  be  made  by  the  Commissary-General  on  public 
notice,  to  be  delivered  on  inspection,  in  the  bulk,  and  at  such  places 
as  shall  be  stipulated;  which  contract  shall  be  made  under  such  regu- 
lations as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  may  make  such  alterations  in  the  com- 
ponent parts  of  the  ration  as  a  due  regard  to  the  health  and  comfort 
of  the  Army  and  economy  may  require. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  Commissary-General  and  his  assistants  shall  not  be 
concerned,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale,  in  trade  or 
commerce,  of  any  article  entering  into  the  composition  of  the  ration 

xThe  act  of  January  23,  1823  (3-721)  continued  sections  7,  8,  9,  and  10  of  this  act 
in  force  for  five  years  and  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  Congress  thereafter; 
continued  in  force  until  repealed,  act  of  March  3,  1835  (4-780). 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  339 

allowed  to  the  troops  in  the  service  of  the  United  Stales,  nor  shall  such 
officer  take  and  apply  to  his  own  use  any  gain  or  emolument  for 
negotiating-  or  transacting  any  business  connected  with  the  duties  of 
his  office,  other  than  what  is  or  may  be  allowed  by  law;  and  the  Com- 
missary-General and  his  assistants  shall  be  subject  to  martial  law. 

Sec.  10.  That  all  letters  to  and  from  the  Commissary  -General  which 
may  relate  to  his  office  duties  shall  be  free  from  postage:  Provided, 
That  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  sections  of  this  act 
shall  continue  and  be  in  force  for  the  term  of  five  years  from  the  pass- 
ing of  the  same,  and  thence  until  the  end  of  the  next  6  sssion  of  Con- 
gress, and  no  longer. 

Act  of  May  1,  1820 x  (3  Stats.,  567). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  the  several  acta  for  the  establishment  of  the  Treasury,  War, 
and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  » 

Sec.  6.  That  no  contracts  shall  hereafter  be  made  by  the  Secretary 
of  .  .  the  Department  of  War,  .  .  .  except  under  a  law 
authorizing  the  same,  or  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  ful- 
fillment; and  excepting  also  contracts  for  the  subsistence  and  clothing 
of  the  Army  .  .  .  which  may  be  made  by  the  secretaries  of  those 
departments. 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  616). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  -::• 

Sec.  8.  That  there  shall  be  one  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence; 
and  that  there  shall  be  as  many  assistant  comnufe  uies  as  the  service 
may  require,  not  exceeding  fifty,  who  shall  be  t;  .ten  front  the  sub- 
alterns of  the  line,  and  who  shall,  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line, 
receive  a  sum  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than  twenty  dollars  per  month; 
and  that  the  .  .  .  assistant  commissaries  of  subsistence  shall  be 
subject  to  duties  in  both  departments  [and  (Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment] under  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  9.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  commissary-general  of 
purchases  and  two  military  storekeepers,  to  be  attached  to  the  purchas- 
ing department.2 


Act  of  March  3,  1825  (.f  Stats.,  127). 
AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  sale  of  unserviceable  ordnance,  aims,  and  military  stores. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  cause  to  be  sold  any  .  .  .  military  stoves  or  subsistence 
.     .     .    supplies  which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  si:  lvey,  shall  appear 


1  Section  5  of  this  act  authorizes  the  President  1o  direct,  a  portion  of  the  moneys 

terviee  of  the  Ouartcrmnsfers,  Subsistence,  and 
to  any  other  of  the  above -u.    itionecl  branches  of 


appropriated  respectively  for  the  service  of  the  (luarterninsfer'y,  Subsistence,  and 
Medical  Departments  to  be  applied 


expenditure. 

*The  salary  of  the  two  storekeei>ers  was  fixed  at  $1,200  by  the  act  of  August  23, 
1842(5-512). 


340       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

to  be  damaged  or  otherwise  unsuitable  for  the  public  service,  whenever, 
in  his  opinion,  the  sale  of  such  unserviceable  stores  will  be  advantageous 
to  the  public  service. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  inspection  or  survey  of  the  unserviceable  stores 
shall  be  made  by  an  inspector-general,  or  such  other  officer  or  officers 
as  the  Secretary -of  War  may  appoint  for  that  purpose;  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Act  of  May  18,  1826  (4  Stats.,  173). 

AN  ACT  regulating  the  accountability  for  clothing  and  equipage  issued  to  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  and  for  the  better  organization  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment. 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  in 
addition  to  its  present  duties,  to  receive  from  the  purchasing  depart- 
ment and  distribute  to  the  Army  of  the  United  States  all  clothing  and 
camp  and  garrison  equipage  required  for  the  use  of  the  troops.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  2,  1827  {4  Stats.,  238). 

AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  act  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  .  .  .  Commissary-General  ...  be  author- 
ized to  frank  and  to  receive  letters  and  packets  by  post  free  of 
postage.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  2,  1829  (4  Stats.,  360). 
AN  ACT  to  continue  the  present  mode  of  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  sections  of  the  act 
entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,"  passed  April  the  fourteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighteen, 
and  the  eighth  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  reduce  and  fix  the 
military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,"  passed  March  the 
second,  eighteen  hundred  and  twenty-one,  are  hereby  continued  in 
force  for  five  years  from  the  passing  of  this  act,  and  thence  to  the  end 
of  the  next  session  of  Congress  thereafter,  and  no  longer. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  better  to  enable  the  Commissary-General  of  Subsist- 
ence to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  above  specified  acts  there 
be  appointed  two  commissaries,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army, 
one  of  whom  shall  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  as  quar- 
termaster, and  the  other  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  assist- 
ant quartermaster. 

Act  of  June  30, 1834.  (4  Stats.,  736). 

AN  ACT  to  provide- for  the  organization  of  the  Department  of  Indian  Affairs. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
cause  such  rations  as  he  shall  judge  proper,  and  as  can  be  spared  from 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  341 

the  army  provisions  without  injury  to  the  service,  to  be  issued,  under 
such  regulations  as  he  shall  think  fit  to  establish,  to  Indians  who  may 
visit  the  military  posts  or  agencies  of  the  United  States  on  the  fron- 
tiers, or  in  their  respective  nations,  and  a  special  account  of  such  issues 
shall  be  kept  and  rendered. 


Resolution  of  February  1,  1836  (5  Stats.,  131). 

RESOLUTION  authorizing  the  President  to  furnish  rations  to  certain  inhabitants  of 

Florida. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  authorized  to  cause 
rations  to  be  delivered  from  the  public  stores  to  the  unfortunate  suf- 
ferers who  are  unable  to  provide  for  themselves  and  who  have  been 
driven  from  their  homes  by  Indian  depredations  in  Florida,  until  they 
can  be  reestablished  in  their  possessions,  or  so  long-  as  the  President 
shall  consider  it  necessary. 

Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  there  be  added  to  the  commissariat  of  subsistence 
one  assistant  commissary -general  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry;  one  commissary  of 
subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  quartermaster 
of  the  Army,  and  three  commissaries  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  assistant  quartermasters. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  17.  That  the  allowance  of  sugar  and  coffee  to  the  noncommis- 
sioned officers,  musicians,  and  privates,  in  lieu  of  the  spirit  or  whiskey 
component  part  of  the  army  ration  now  directed  by  regulation,  shall 
be  fixed  at  six  pounds  of  coffee  and  twelve  pounds  of  sugar  to  every 
one  hundred  rations,  to  be  issued  weekly  when  it  can  be  done  with 
convenience  to  the  public  service,  and  when  not  so  issued  to  be  paid 
for  in  money. 


Act  of  July  7,  1838  {5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 

*  #  * 

Seventh.  That  the  throe  assistant  commissaries  of  subsistence  author- 
ized by  said  act  shall  not  be  separated  from  the  line  of  the  Army. 


342       LEGISLATIVE  HLJTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Ace  of  August  23,  181$  (5  Stats.,  512). 
AX  ACT  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  3.  That  the  office  of  Commissary-General  of  Purchases,  some- 
times called  Commissary  of  Purchases,  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
abolished,  and  the  duties  thereof  shall  hereafter  be  performed  by  tne 
officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  with  such  of  the  officers 
and  clerks  now  attached  to  the  purchasing  department  as  shall  be 
authorized  by  the  Sacretary  of  "War,  and  under  such  regulations  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  said  Secretary,  under  the  sanction  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  June  18,  181fi  (9  Stats.,  17). 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  providing  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico/'  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  when  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service 
of  the  United  States  in  such  numbers  that  the  officers  of  the  .  .  . 
commissary  .  .  .  departments,  authorized  by  law,  be  not  suffi- 
cient to  provide  for  supplying  .  .  .  them  .  .  .  ,  it  shall  be 
lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  as  many  additioi  al  officers  of  said  departments  as  the  service 
may  require,  not  exceeding  .  .  .  one  commissary  for  each  brigade, 
with  the  runk  cf  major,  and  .  .  .  one  assistant  commissary,  with 
the  rank  of  captain,  .  .  .  for  each  regiment;  the  said  .  .  . 
commissaries,  .  .  .  and  assistant  commissaries,  to  give  bonds,  with 
good  and  sufficient  sureties,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their 
duties;  and  they  ...  to  perform  such  duties  as  the  President 
shall  direct:  Provided,  That  the  said  officers  shall  be  allowed  tho  same 
pay  and  emoluments  as  are  now  allowed  to  officers  of  the  same  descrip- 
tions and  grades  in  those  departments  ;  that  they  be  subject 
to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war,  and  continue  in  service  only  so  long 
as  their  services  shall  be  required,  in  connection  with  the  militia  and 

volunteers. 

*  *  * 

July  10, 1848(9-246). — Provisions  of  pension  laws  construed  to  apply  to  enlisted 
men  in  the  several  corps  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  September  26,  1850  {9  Stats.,  Ifi9). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  commissariat  of  the  United  States  Army. 

That  there  be  added  to  the  Subsistence  Department  four  commissaries 
of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of 

the  Army. 

*  *  * 

September  28, 1850  (9-504). — Moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  subsistence,  military 
stores,  and  other  supplies  exempted  from  operation  of  act  of  March  3,  1849,  requiring 
certain  moneys  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  without  abatement  or  reduction. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  348 

Act  of  March  3,  1851  (9  Stats.,  595). 

AN  ACT  to  found  a  military  asylum  for  the  relief  and  support  of  invalid  and  dis- 
abled soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

That    .     .     .     the  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,     .     .     . 
shall  be,  ex  officio,  comissioners  of  the  same,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  21,  1860  (12  Stats.,  64). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  allowance  of  sugar  and  coffee  ...  as  fixed 
by  the  seventeenth  section  of  the  act  of  the  fifth  of  July,  eighteen 
hundred  and  thirty-eight,  shall  hereafter  be  ten  pounds  of  coffee  and 
fifteen  pounds  of  sugar  for  every  one  hundred  rations. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  23,  1860  (12  Stats.,  91). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 

sixtv-one. 

•  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  articles  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made  by  advertising 
a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals  respecting  the  same.  When 
immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the  public  exigency, 
the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or 
contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such  articles  are  usually 
bought  and  sold  or  such  services  engaged  between  individuals.  No 
contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made  unless  the  same  be  author- 
ized by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment, 
except  in  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  for  clothing,  subsistence, 
forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation,  which,  however,  shadl  not 
exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  No  arms  nor  military  sup- 
plies whatever  which  are  of  a  patented  invention  shall  be  purchased, 
nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying  any  patented  invention,  unless  the 
same  shall  be  authorized  by  law  and  the  appropriation  therefor  explic- 
itly set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention. 


Act  of  February  21,  1861  (12  Stats.,  147). 

g  appropriations  for  the  naval  se 
tieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 


AX  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  the  thir- 
\'ht 


Sec.  5.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of 


344       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY *0F  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  V.   S.   ARMY. 

the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty -one,"  approved  June  twenty-three,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  except  so  far  as 
the  said  section  prohibits  the  purchase  of  patented  firearms,  as  to  which 
the  said  section  shall  still  be  in  force. 


.  Act  of  March  2,  1861  {12  Stats.,  214).  • 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 

•  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  the  article  or  articles  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made 
by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals  respecting  the 
same.  When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the 
public  exigency,  the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by 
open  purchase  or  contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which 
such  articles  are  usually  bought  and  sold  or  such  services  engaged 
between  individuals.  No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made 
unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation 
adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  .  Departments 
for  clothing,  subsistence,  forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation, 
which,  however,  shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year. 
And  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  [twenty-third]  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-one,"  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Act  of  July  22,  1861  {12  Stats.,  268). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  employment  of  volunteers  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  laws  and 
protecting  public  property. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  Each  brigade  shall     .     .     .     have     .     .     .     one 

commissary  of  subsistence. 


Act  of  Augwt  S,  1861  {12  Stats.,  287). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  .  .  .  that  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment four  commissaries  of  subsistence,  each  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  a  major  of  cavalry;  and  eight  commissaries  of  subsist- 
ence, with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  each  of  a  captain  of  cavalry, 
and  to  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  either  of  the  Volunteers  or 

Regular  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  the  arnry  ration  shall  be  increased  as  follows,  viz: 
Twenty-two  ounces  of  bread  or  flour,  or  one  pound  of  hard  bread, 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  345 

instead  of  the  present  issue;  fresh  beef  shall  be  issued  as  often  as  the 
commanding  officer  of  any  detachment  or  regiment  shall  require  it, 
when  practicable,  in  place  of  salt  meat;  beans  and  rice  or  hominy  shall 
be  issued  in  the  same  ration  in  the  proportions  now  provided  by  the 
regulation,  and  one  pound  of  potatoes  per  man  shall  be  issued  at  least 
three  times  a  week,  if  practicable;  and  when  these  articles  cannot  be 
issued  in  these  proportions,  an  equivalent  in  value  shall  be  issued  in 
some  other  proper  food,  and  a  ration  of  tea  may  be  substituted  for  a 
ration  of  coffee  upon  the  requisition  of  the  proper  officer:  Provided, 
That  after  the  present  insurrection  shall  cease  the  ration  shall  be  as 
provided  by  law  and  regulations  on  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty -one. 


Act  of  July  5,  1862  (12  Stats.,  505). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  additional  appropria- 
tions for  the  year  ending  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- two,  and 
for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  authorized  to  commute  the 
army  ration  of  coffee  and  sugar  for  the  extract  of  coffee,  combined 
with  milk  and  sugar,  to  be  procured  in  the  same  manner  and  with  like 
restrictions  and  guaranties  as  preserved  meats,  pickles,  butter,  and 
desiccated  vegetables  are  procured  for  the  Navy,  if  he  shall  believe  it 
will  be  conducive  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  Army,  and  not  more 
expensive  to  the  Government  than  the  present  ration,  and  if  it  shall 
be  acceptable  to  the  men. 

*  *  * 

July  17,  1862  {12-594)- — Contractors  for  subsistence,  clothing,  etc.,  guilty  of  fraud 
to  he  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  Army.  This  provision  was 
extended  by  sec.  7  of  the  act  of  July  7,  1864  (13-394),  to  apply  to  their  agents  and 
to  all  inspectors  of  military  supplies. 

Act' of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty-eighth, 
seventeen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  Acts  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  each  Army  Corps  shall  have  .  .  .  one  commissary 
of  subsistence,  .  .  .  ,  who  shall  bear,  .  .  .  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  be  assigned  from  the  Army  or  volun- 
teer force  by  the  President.     .     .     . 


Act  of  F(hruary9,  1863  (12  Stats.,  648). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Commissary  Department. 

That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Subsistence  Department  of  the  Army 
one  brigadier-general,  to  be  selected  from  the  Subsistence  Department, 
who  shall  be  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,  and  by  regular  pro- 


346       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

motion,  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  and  two  majors;  the  col- 
onel and  lieutenant-colonel  to  be  assistant  commissaries-general  of 
subsistence;  and  that  vacancies  in  the  above-mentioned  grades  shall  be 
filled  by  regular  promotions  in  said  department.  And  the  vacancies 
created  by  promotions  herein  authorized  may  be  filled  by  selection 
from  the  officers  of  the  regular  or  volunteer  force. 

Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  74$). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  of  the  Ordnance 
Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  11.  That  the  army  ration  shall  hereafter  include  pepper,  in 
the  proportion  of  four  ounces  to  every  hundred  rations. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  20,  186 If.  (13  Stats.,  1U). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  pay  of  soldiers  in  the  United  States  Army,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  .  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  army  ration  shall  hereafter  be  the  same  as  pro- 
vided by  law  and  regulations  on  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-one:  Provided,  That  the  ration  of  pepper  prescribed 
in  the  eleventh  section  of  the  "Act  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  and  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  for  other 
purposes,"  approved  March  three,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three, 
shall  continue  to  be  issued  as  heretofore.     .     .     . 


Act  of  June  25,  1864  (13  Stats.,  181). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  every  .  .  .  commissary  and  assistant  commissary  of  sub- 
sistence .  .  .  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable,  be  ordered  to  appear 
for  examination  as  to  his  qualifications  before  a  board  to  be  composed 
of  three  staff  officers  of  the  corps  to  which  he  belongs,  of  recognized 
merit  and  fitness,  of  whom  two  at  least  shall  be  officers  of  volunteers, 
which  board  shall  make  a  careful  examination  as  to  the  qualifications 
of  all  officers  who  may  appear  before  them  in  pursuance  of  this  act, 
and  shall  also  keep  minutes  and  make  a  full  and  true  record  of  the 
examination  in  each  case.  And  all  members  of  such  boards  of  exami- 
nation shall,  before  proceeding  to  the  discharge  of  their  duties  as  herein 
provided,  swear  or  affirm  that  they  will  conduct  all  examinations  with 
impartiality,  and  with  the  sole  view  to  the  qualifications  of  the  person 
or  persons  to  be  examined,  and  that  they  will  not  divulge  the  vote  of 
any  member  upon  the  examination  of  any  officer  who  may  appear 
before  them. 

Sec.  2.  That  such  boards  of  examination  shall  be  convened  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  by  the  .  .  .  Commissary- 
General  of  Subsistence  ...  at  convenient  places;  and  general 
rules  of  examination  and  a  standard  of  qualifications  shall  be  prescribed 


TfiE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  347 

by  said  officers  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
shall  be  published  in  general  orders. 

Sec.  3.  That  after  such  general  orders  shall  have  been  published  for 
sixty  days,  if  any  officer  who  shall  then  be  ordered  before  a  board  of 
examiners,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  fail  for  thirty  days, 
after  receiving  such  special  orders,  to  report  himself  as  directed,  all 
his  pay  and  allowances  shall  cease  and  be  forfeited  until  he  does  appear 
and  report  for  examination;  and  if  he  shall  thereafter  fail  for  a  further 
period  of  thirty  days  so  to  appear,  he  shall  thereupon  be  dropped  from 
the  rolls  of  the  Army :  Provided,  however,  That  if  such  failure  to  appear 
and  report  shall  have  been  occasioned  by  wounds  or  sickness,  or  other 
physical  disability,  then  there  shall  be  no  forfeiture  of  pay  until  thirty 
days  after  such  disability  has  been  removed;  but  if  in  sixty  days  after 
the  disability  is  removed  the  officer  shall  not  report  himself,  he  shall 
then  be  dropped  from  the  rolls  as  in  other  cases. 

Sec.  4.  That  if  the  board  of  examination  shall  report  that  any  officer 
does  not  possess  the  requisite  business  qualifications,  they  shall  forward 
the  record  of  the  examination  of  such  officer  to  the  head  of  the  bureau 
to  which  he  may  belong,  and  if  the  head  of  such  bureau  shall  approve 
the  finding  and  report  of  the  board,  he  shall  forward  the  same  through 
the  Secretary  of  War  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  if  the 
President  shall  confirm  the  same,  the  officer  so  failing  in  his  examination 
shall,  if  commissioned,  be  dismissed  from  the  service  with  one  month's 
pay,  and  if  not  yet  commissioned,  his  appointment  shall  be  revoked. 
And  if  the  board  shall  report  that  any  officer  fails  to  pass  a  satisfactory 
examination  by  reason  of  intemperance,  gambling,  or  other  immorality, 
and  if  the  head  of  the  bureau  shall  approve  the  finding  and  report  of 
the  board,  and  the  same  being  communicated,  as  before  provided,  to 
the  President  and  confirmed  by  him,  then  such  officer  shall  be  dismissed 
from  the  service  without  pay,  and  shall  not  be  permitted  to  reenter  the 
service  as  an  officer:  Provided,  That  such  dismissal  shall  not  relieve 
him  from  liability  under  existing  laws  for  any  offense  he  may  have 
committed. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  boards  of  examination  shall  forward  all  their  records 
of  examination  to  the  heads  of  the  bureaus  to  which  they  appertain, 
and  such  records  shall  be  filed  in  the  proper  bureaus  with  a  suitable 
index,  and  any  officer  who  may  desire  it  snail  be  entitled  to  receive  a 
copy  of  the  record  in  his  own  case  upon  paying  the  cost  of  copying 
the  same. 

Act  of  July  4,  186 4  (1$  Stats.,  381). 

AN  ACT  to  restrict  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  to  provide  for  the  pay- 
nifiit  of  certain  demands  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  subsistence  supplies  fur- 
nished to  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  claims  of  loyal  citizens  in  States  not  in  rebellion,  for 
subsistence  actually  furnished  to  said  Armv  and  receipted  for  by  the 
proper  officer  receiving  the  same,  or  whicfi  may  have  been  taken  by 
such  officer  without  giving  such  receipt,  may  be  submitted  to  the  Com- 
missary-General of  Subsistence,  accompanied  with  such  proof  as  each 
claimant  may  have  to  offer;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissary- 
General  of  subsistence  to  cause  each  claim  to  be  examined,  and,  if  con- 
vinced that  it  is  just,  and  of  the  loyalty  of  the  claimant,  and  that  the 


348      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

stores  have  been  actually  received  or  taken  for  the  use  of  and  used  by 
said  Army,  then  to  report  each  case  for  payment  to  the  Third  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury  with  a  recommendation  for  settlement. 

March  3, 1865  (13-495). — Commissaries  of  subsistence  may  sell  rations  at  cost  prices 
to  officers  in  the  field;  tobacco,  not  exceeding  16  ounces  per  month,  may  be  sold  to 
enlisted  men  at  cost  prices,  exclusive  of  cost  of  transportation. 

March  3,  1865  (13-507). — Provisions  and  clothing  may  be  issued  to  destitute  refu- 
gees and  freedmen. 

Act  of  March  3,  1865  (13  Stats.,  513). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  Subsistence  Department. 

That  during  the  continuance  of  the  present  rebellion,  the  Secretary 
of  War  may,  when  in  his  judgment  it  is  necessary,  assign  to  each  geo 
graphical  military  division,  to  each  separate  army  in  the  field  consist 
ing  of  more  than  one  army  corps,  to  each  military  department,  and  to 
each  principal  subsistence  depot,  not  exceeding  ten  in  number,  an  offi- 
cer of  the  Subsistence  Department  to  act  as  chief  commissary  of  such 
military  division,  army,  military  department,  or  depot,  and  also  an 
officer  of  the  Subsistence  Department  as  assistant  in  the  office  of  the 
Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,  each  of  whom,  while  so  assigned 
and  acting,  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of 
the  Subsistence  Department;  and  in  like  manner  may  assign,  for  pur- 
poses of  inspection  or  other  special  duty  in  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment, commissaries  of  subsistence,  not  exceeding  six  in  number,  each 
of  whom,  while  so  assigned  and  acting,  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Subsistence  Department;  and 
to  each  army  corps  an  officer  of  the  Subsistence  Department  to  be  chief 
commissary  of  the  corps,  with  the  like  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel;  and 
in  like  manner  may  assign  to  each  division  of  two  or  more  brigades  a 
commissary,  who,  while  so  assigned  and  acting,  shall  have  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  major  of  the  Subsistence  Department:  Pro- 
vided, That  when  any  one  of  said  officers  is  relieved  from  said  duty, 
his  increased  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  allowed  because  of  such 
assignment  shall  cease,  and  he  shall  return  to  his  commissioned  rank 
in  the  Subsistence  Department:  And  provided  further ,  That  the  officers 
authorized  to  be  assigned  by  this  act  shall  be  selected  for  each  grade 
from  the  commissaries  of  subsistence  who  hold  commissions  or  rank  in 
the  volunteer  service  and  in  the  regular  Subsistence  Department  in 
proportion  to  the  number  of  each  of  said  classes,  respectively,  in  service 
at  the  date  of  the  passage  of  this  act. 

*  *  * 

July  35, 1866  (14^364).^- Commutation  of  rations  at  cost  price  to  be  paid  to  soldiers, 
held  as  prisoners  of  war,  during  period  of  confinement. 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  «■  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  Subsistence  Department  of  the  Army  shall  here- 
after consist  of  the  number  of  officers  now  authorized  by  law,  viz: 
One  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence, with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  a  brigadier- general;  two  assistant  commissaries-general  of 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPAKTMENT.         i  349 

subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pa}%  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry; 
two  assistant  commissaries-general  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry;  eight  commissaries 
of  subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  majors  of 
cavalry;  and  sixteen  commissaries  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  captains  of  cavalry. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence 
shall  hereafter  be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they 
belong,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  .  .  .  the  Subsistence  Department  is  hereby  authorized 
and  required  to  furnish  such  articles  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 
designated  by  the  inspectors-general  of  the  Army,  the  same  to  be  sold 
to  officers  and  enlisted  men  at  cost  prices,  .  .  .  :  Provided,  That 
this  section  shall  not  go  into  effect  until  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-seven. 

*  *  * 

January  31,  1868  {14-246). — Surplus  desiccated  potatoes  and  mixed  vegetables 
may  be  issued  to  all  classes  of  destitute  persons  in  the  South. 

June  11,  1868  {15-253) . — Rations  to  be  issued  to  Professor  Powell's  expedition 
engaged  in  exploration  of  the  Colorado  River. 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  ...  in  the  Commissary  Depart- 
ment,    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

February  15,  1870  {16-65). — Necessary  supplies  may  be  furnished  to  the  poor  and 
destitute  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  1>85). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  better  care  and  protection  of  subsistence  supplies. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  em- 

Eowered  to  select  from  the  sergeants  of  the  line  of  the  Army  who  shall 
ave  faithfully  served  therein  five  years,  three  years  of  which  in  the 
grade  of  noncommissioned  officer,  as  many  commissary-sergeants  as 
the  service  may  require,  not  to  exceed  .one  for  each  military  post  or 
place  of  deposit  of  subsistence  supplies,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
receive  and  preserve  the  subsistence  supplies  at  the  posts,  under  the 
direction  of  the  proper  officers  of  the  subsistence  Department,  and 
under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  \V;u\ 
The  commissary  -sergeants  hereby  authorized  shall  bo  subject  to  the 
rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  shall  receive  for  their  services  the  same 
pay  and  allowances  as  ordnance  sergeants. 

April  23,  1874  {18-34). — Temporary  issue  of  supplies  of  food  may  be  made  for  the 
relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  overflow  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  River.  [By  the  act 
of  May  13,  1*74  (18-46)  the  authority  given  was  to  expire  September  1,  1874.] 

Mam  28,  1874  {18-287). — Rations  to  be  issued  to  destitute  people  on  the  Tombigbee, 
Warrior,  and  Alabama  rivers. 


350      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  June  23,  18? %  (18  Stats.,  %U). 

AN  ACT  reorganizing  the  several  staff  corps  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  hereafter  there  shall  be  three  assistant  commissaries- 
general  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, instead  of  the  two  now  allowed  by  law  of  said  grade  in 
the  Subsistence  Department;  that  the  number  of  commissaries  of  sub- 
sistence with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of  cavalry  is 
hereby  reduced  to  twelve,  and  no  appointment  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  said 
grade  shall  be  made  until  the  number  thereof  shall  be  reduced  to 
twelve,  and  the  number  thereafter  shall  remain  fixed  at  twelve. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  law  herein  made  reducing 
the  number  of  officers  in  any  department  or  corps  of  the  staff. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  so  much  of  section  six  of  an  act  entitled  '  'An  act  mak- 
ing appropriations  for  the  support  ot  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes, 
approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as  applies  to 
the  .  .  .  Subsistence  .  .  .  Departments  of  the  Army  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed     .     .     . 

February  10, 1875  (18-314). — Rations  to  be  issued  to  persons  on  the  Western  frontier 
made  destitute  by  grasshoppers.     This  act  to  expire  September  1,  1875. 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2nd  edition— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

A    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT. 


Sec.  1134.  Assistant  quartermasters  shall  do  duty  as  assistant  com- 
missaries of  subsistence  when  so  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  1140.  The  Subsistence  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist 
of  one  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general;  two  assistant  commissaries-general  of  subsistence,  with  the 
rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry;  two  assistant  commissaries-general  of  sub- 
sistence, with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry;  eight  com- 
missaries of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry,  and  sixteen 
commissaries  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  captain  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1141.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  officers  of  the  Subsistence 
Department,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  purchase 
and  issue  to  the  Army  such  supplies  as  enter  into  the  composition  of 
the  ration. 

Sec.  1142.  The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  select  from  the 
sergeants  of  the  line  of  the  Army,  who  shall  have  faithfully  served 
therein  five  years,  three  years  of  which  in  the  grade  of  noncommis- 
sioned officers,  as  many  commissary   sergeants  as   the  service  may 


THE    SUBSISTENCE   DEPARTMENT.  851 

require,  not  to  exceed  one  for  each  military  post  or  place  of  deposit 
of  subsistence  supplies,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  receive  and  preserve 
the  subsistence  supplies  at  the  posts,  under  the  direction  of  the  proper 
officers  of  the  Subsistence  Department  and  under  such  regulations  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  The  commissary  ser- 
geants hereby  authorized  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles  of 
war,  and  shall  receive  for  their  services  the  same  pay  and  allowances 
as  ordnance  sergeants. 

Sec.  1143.  The  officers  of  the  Subsistence  Department  shall,  upon 
the  requisition  of  the  naval  or  marine  officer  commanding  any  detach- 
ment of  seamen  or  marines  under  orders  to  act  on  shore,  in  cooperation 
with  the  land  troops,  and  during  the  time  such  detachment  is  so  act- 
ing or  proceeding  to  act,  furnish  rations  to  the  officers,  seamen,  and 
marines  of  the  same. 

Sec.  1144..  The  officers  of  the  Subsistence  Department  shall  procure, 
and  keep  for  sale  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  at  cost  prices,  for  cash 
or  on  credit,  such  articles  as  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  designated  by 
the  inspectors-general  of  the  Army.  An  account  of  all  sales  on  credit 
shall  be  kept,  and  the  amount  due  for  the  same  shall  be  reported 
monthly  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1146.  Each  ration  shall  consist  of  one  pound  and  a  quarter  of 
beef  or  three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  pork,  eighteen  ounces  of  bread 
or  flour,  and  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  of  coffee,  fifteen  pounds  of 
sugar,  two  quarts  of  salt,  four  quarts  of  vinegar,  four  ounces  of  pep- 

Eer,  four  pounds  of  soap,  and  one  pound  and  a  half  of  candles  to  every 
undred  rations.  The  President  may  make  such  alterations  in  the 
component  parts  of  the  rations  as  a  due  regard  to  the  health  and  com- 
fort of  the  Army  and  economy  may  require. 

Sec.  1147.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  commute  the  rations  of  coffee 
and  sugar  for  the  extract  of  coffee  combined  with  milk  and  sugar,  if 
he  shall  believe  such  commutation  to  be  conducive  to  the  health  and 
comfort  of  the  Army,  and  not  to  be  more  expensive  to  the  Govern- 
ment than  the  present  ration,  provided  the  same  shall  be  acceptable  to 
the  men. 

Sec.  1148.  The  ration  of  sugar  and  coffee,  when  issued  in  kind,  shall, 
when  the  convenience  of  the  service  permits,  be  issued  weekly. 

Sec.  1149.  Tobacco  shall  be  furnished  to  the  enlisted  men  by  the 
commissaries  of  subsistence,  at  cost  prices,  exclusive  of  the  cost  of 
transportation,  in  such  quantities  as  tncy  may  require,  not  exceeding 
sixteen  ounces  per  month. 

Sec.  1150.  No  officer  belonging  to  the  Subsistence  Department,  or 
doing  the  duty  of  a  subsistence  officer,  shall  be  concerned,  directly  or 
indirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any  article  entering  into  the  com- 
position of  the  rations  allowed  to  troops  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  any  article  designated  by  the  inspectors-general  of  the 
Army  and  furnished  for  sale  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  at  cost  prices, 
or  of  tobacco  furnished  for  sale  to  enlisted  men,  except  on  account  of 
the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  such  officer  take  or  apply  to  his  own 
use  any  gain  or  emolument  for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  business 
connected  with  the  duties  of  his  office,  other  than  that  which  may  bo 

allowed  by  law. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1191.  All  officers  of  the  .  .  .  Subsistence  .  .  .  depart- 
ments,   .     .    .    shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  their  respec- 


352       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

tive  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the  United  States,  in  such 
sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct,  faithfully  to  account  for  all 
public  moneys  and  property  which  they  ma}r  receive.  The  President 
may  at  any  time  increase  the  sums  so  prescribed.     .     .     . 

->:•  *  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,  .  .  . 
shall  be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the     .     .     .     Subsistence    .     .    . 

departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  be 
made  by  officers  designated  b}^  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1293.  Sergeants  and  corporals  of  ordnance  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  one  ration  and  a  half  daily.  Other  enlisted  men  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  one  ration  daily. 

Sec.  1294.  For  each  ration  of  sugar  and  coffee  not  issued,  nor  com- 
muted for  the  extract  of  coffee  combined  with  milk  and  sugar,  enlisted 
men  shall  be  paid  in  money. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1647.  .  .  .  Each  brigade  [of  militia  called  in  service] 
.     .     .     shall  have     .     .     .     one  commissary  of  subsistence.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1655.  When  the  militia  in  the  military  service  of  the  United 
States  are  employed  on  the  Western  frontiers,  there  shall  be  allowed 
two  ounces  of  flour  or  bread  and  two  ounces  of  beef  or  pork,  in  addi- 
tion to  each  of  their  rations,  and  half  a  pint  of  salt,  in  addition  to 
eveiy  hundred  of  their  rations. 

-X-  ft  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  militaiy  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction 
of  the  chief  officers  of  the  departments  of  war.  .  .  .  And  all 
agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render 
their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  depart- 
ment for  which  such  .supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject,  neverthe- 
less, to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the  Treasury.    .    .    . 

Sec.  3715.  Contracts  for  subsistence  supplies  for  the  Army,  made 
by  the  Commissary-General,  on  public  notice,  shall  provide  for  a  com- 
plete delivery  of  such  articles,  on  inspection,  at  such  places  as  shall  be 

stipulated. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3732.  No  contract  or  purchases  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made,  unless  the  same  is  authorized^  by  law  or  is  under  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  . 
Departments,  for  .  .  .  subsistence  .  .  .  ,  which,  however, 
shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4815.  The  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence,  .  .  .  shall 
constitute  a  board  of  commissioners  for  the  Soldiers'  Home.     .     .     . 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  353 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

June  23, 1879  {-21-30). — To  the  cost  of  all  stores  and  other  articles  sold  to  officers  and 
men,  except  tobacco,  ten  per  centum  shall  be  added  to  cover  wastage,  transportation, 
and  other  incidental  charges. 

Act  of  May  4,  1880  {21  Stats.,  110). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  to  the  cost  of  all  stores  and  other  articles 
sold  to  officers  and  men,  except  tobacco,  as  provided  for  in  section  one 
thousand  one  hundred  and  forty -nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  ten  per 
centum  shall  be  added  to  cover  wastage,  transportation,  and  other  inci- 
dental charges,  save  that  subsistence  supplies  may  be  sold  to  companies, 
detachments,  and  hospitals  at  cost  prices,  not  including  cost  of  trans- 
portation upon  the  certificate  of  an  officer  commanding  a  company  or 
detachment  or  in  charge  of  a  hospital,  that  the  supplies  are  necessary 
for  the  exclusive  use  of  such  compan}^,  detachment,  or  hospital. 

*  *  -* 

May  4, 1880  {21-306). — Authorizes  issue  of  4,000  rations  for  the  use  of  the  sufferers 
made  destitute  by  the  cyclone  at  Macon,  Miss. 

February  24,  1881  (21-346). — The  cost  price  of  articles  sold  by  the  Subsistence 
Department  to  officers  and  men  shall  be  understood,  in  all  cases,  to  be  the  invoice 
price  of  the  last  lot  of  that  article  received  by  the  officer  by  whom  the  sale  is  made. 

February  25,  1882  (22-378). — Rations  may  be  issued  for  the  relief  of  sufferers  from 
the  overflow  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Additional  appropriation  for  the  purpose  was 
made  by  joint  resolution  of  March  21,  1882  (22-379),  and  joint  resolution  of  April  25, 
1890  (26-671). 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  1,56). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for  other  purposes. 


PAY    DEPARTMENT. 

For  pay  of  the  Army. —  .  .  .  Provided,  .  .  .  and  here- 
after vacancies  occurring  in  the  .  .  .  Commissary  Departments 
of  the  Army  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  be  filled  from 
civil  life. 


Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  561,). 

AN  ACT  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home  located  at  Washington,  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  » 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
shall  hereafter  consist  of    .     .    .     ,  the  Commissary  -General,    . 

•X-  *  •;;■ 

February  12,  1884  (28-267). — Subsistence  stores  may  bo  issued  to  destitute  persons 
in  the  district  overflowed  by  the  Ohio  River  and  its  tributaries.  Additional  appro- 
priation for  this  purpose  was  made  liv  resolution  of  February  15,  1884  (23-268). 

March  ..'7,   1884  (23-269).— Not  exceeding  $125,000  of    the  appropriation  for  the 

S.  Doc.  229 23 


354       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

Ohio  sufferers  may  be  used  for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in  the  district  overflowed 
by  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries.  .  Resolution  of  June  7,  1884  (23-273) , 
allows  for  same  purpose  the  unexpended  appropriation  for  the  relief  of  the  Ohio 
sufferers. 

Act  of  July  5,  1884.  (23  Stats.,  107). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Subsistence  of  the  Army. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter 
all  sales  of  subsistence  supplies  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  shall  be 
made  at  cost  price  only;  and  the  cost  price  of  each  article  shall  be  under- 
stood, in  all  cases  of  such  sales,  to  be  the  invoice  price  of  the  last  lot  of 
the  article  received  by  the  officers  making  the  sale  prior  to  the  first  day 
of  the  month  in  which  the  sale  is  made.     ... 

Quartermaster's  Department. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  here- 
after all  purchases  of  regular  and  miscellaneous  supplies  for  the  Army 
furnished  by  the  .  .  .  Commissary  Department  for  immediate 
use  shall  be  made  by  the  officers  of  such  department  under  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  at  the  places  nearest  the  points  where  they 
are  needed,  the  conditions  of  cost  and  quality  being  equal:  Provided 
also,  That  all  purchases  of  said  supplies,  except  in  cases  of  emergency, 
which  must  be  at  once  reported  to  the  Secretary  of  War  for  his 
approval,  shall  be  made  by  contract  after  public  notice  of  not  less 
than  ten  days  for  small  amounts  for  immediate  use,  and  of  not  less 
than  from  thirty  to  sixty  days  whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  the  circumstances  of  the  case  and  conditions  of  the  serv- 
ice shall  warrant  such  extension  of  time.  The  award  in  every  case 
shall  be  made  to  the  lowest  responsible  bidder  for  the  best  and  most 
suitable  article,  the  right  being  reserved  to  reject  an}r  and  all  bids. 
The  .  .  .  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence  shall  report 
promptly  all  purchases  of  supplies  made  by  his  department,  with  their 
cost  price  and  place  of  delivery,  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  for  trans- 
mission to  Congress  annually. 

*  -X-  • 

April  25,  1890  (26-671) . — Authorizes  purchase  of  subsistence  stores  for  the  relief  of 
such  destitute  persons  as  require  assistance  in  the  district  recently  overflowed  by  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 

Act  o/Jurie  16,  1890  (26  Stats.,  157). 

AN  ACT  to  prevent  desertions  from  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  army  ration  now  provided  by  law  shall  be  increased 
by  the  addition  thereto  of  one  pound  of  vegetables,  the  proportion  to 
be  fixed  by  the  Secretar}"  of  ^  ar. 

Act  of  March  29,  1894-  (28  Stats.,  P). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  making  of  property  returns  by  officers  of  the  Government. 

That  instead  of  forwarding  to  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury 
Department  returns  of  public  property  intrusted  to  the  possession  of 
officers   or   agents,      .      .      .      the   Commissary-General   of    Subsist- 


THE    SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  355 

ence  .  .  .  shall  certify  to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  for  debiting  on  the  proper  account  any  charge 
against  any  officer  or  agent  intrusted  with  public  property  arising 
from  any  loss,  accruing  by  his  fault,  to  the  Government  as  to  the 
property  so  intrusted  to  him. 


Act  of  August  6,  189 %  (28  Stats.,  233). 

AX  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

FOR   PAY    OF   THE   GENERAL   STAFF. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  .  .  .  hereafter  all  appointments  to  fill 
vacancies  in  the  lowest  grade  in  the  .  .  .  Subsistence  Department, 
respectively,  shall  be  made  from  the  next  lowest  grade  in  the  line  of 
the  Army. 


Act  of  February  12,  1895  (28  Stats.,  654). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-six,  and  for  other  purposes. 


FOR   PAY    OF   THE    GENERAL    STAFF. 

•  ■■/.■  • 

Subsistence  Department:  .  .  .  Provided,  That  there  shall  be 
no  appointment  of  commissary  of  subsistence  with  the  rank  of  captain 
until  the  number  of  such  officers  in  that  grade  shall  be  reduced  below 
eight,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  such  officers  in  that  grade  shall  be 
fixed  at  eight. 

•  a  * 

March  2,  1895  (28-764),  abolishes  section  229,  Revised  Statutes,  requiring  annual 
statement  of  contracts  for  supplies  or  services. 

April  7,  1897  {30-219). — Rations  to  be  issued  for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in 
districts  overflowed  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Red  River  of  the  North.  Pro- 
vision repeated  in  joint  resolution  of  June  9,  1897  (30-221). 

May  27,  1897  {30-220),  authorizes  purchase  of  food  for  the  relief  of  destitute  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  in  Cuba. 

December  18,  1897  {30-226). — Subsistence  stores  to  lie  issued  for  the  relief  of  per- 
sons in  the  Yukon  River  country. 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
I  nited  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

•  *  • 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall 
consist  of     .  one  chief  commissary  of  subsistence, 

who  shall   have     .     .     .     the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel; 
The  staff  of  the  commander  of  a  division  shall  consist  of    .     .     .     one 
chief  commissary  of  subsistence,     .     .     .     who  shall  have     .      .     . 


356       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  rank  of  major,  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  commander  of  a  brigade 
shall  consist  of  one  commissary  of  subsistence,  .  .  .  with  the 
rank  of  captain,     .     .     . 

*  tt  * 

May  18,  1898  {30-419). — Prescribes  modes  of  issuing  subsistence  stores  to  the 
destitute  inhabitants  of  Cuba. 

Act  of  July  7,  1898  (30  Stats.,  7  IS.) 
AX  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Subsistence  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  during  the  existence  of  the  present  war,  and  for  not  exceeding 
one  year  thereafter,  every  commissary  of  subsistence,  of  whatever 
rank,  who  shall  be  assigned  to  the  duty  of  purchasing  and  shipping 
subsistence  supplies  at  important  depots  shall  have  the  rank  next 
above  that  held  by  him  and  not  above  colonel,  but  the  number  so 
assigned  shall  only  be  such  as  may  be  found  necessary,  not  exceeding- 
twelve;  also,  that  the  two  commissaries  of  subsistence  who  may  be 
detailed  as  assistants  to  the  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence  shall 
have  the  rank  of  colonel,  provided  that  when  any  such  officer  is 
relieved  from  said  duty  his  temporary  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  shall 
cease,  and  he  shall  return  to  his  lineal  rank  in  the  Department. 

Sec.  2.  That  there  is  hereby  authorized  to  be  added  to  the  subsist- 
ence department  in  the  volunteer  service  during  the  present  war,  and 
not  to  exceed  one  year  thereafter,  eight  majors  and  twelve  captains 
for  the  discharge  of  such  subsistence  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to 
them  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  nominated  and,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  ,  a  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  ,  Subsistence  Department,  .  .  .  shall 
consist  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  now  provided  by  law:     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  so  much  of  the  act  approved  July  seventh,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-eight,  as  authorizes  the  assignment  of  certain 
officers  of  the  .  .  .  subsistence  departments  with  increased  rank, 
and  the  continuance  in  service  of  certain  volunteer  officers  of  these 
departments  for  a  period  of  one  year  after  the  close  of  the  present 
war,  is  repealed. 

•X-  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  or  to  appoint  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Six  commissaries  of  subsistence  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  twelve 
assistant  commissaries  of  subsistence  with  the  rank  of  captain. 


THE   SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT.  357 

Act  of  March  3,  1899  (30  Stats.,  1064). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  regular  and  volunteer  army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred. 

*  *  * 

[The  total  appropriation  for  the  Subsistence  Department]  to  be  dis- 
bursed and  accounted  for  as  "Subsistence  of  the  Army,"  and  for  that 
purpose  shall  constitute  one  fund. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  February  2, 1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  ...  .  a  Subsistence 
Department,     ... 

*  #  * 

Sec.  17.  That  the  Subsistence  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Com- 
missary-General with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  three  assistant 
commissaries-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  four  deputy  commis- 
saries-general with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  nine  commissaries 
with  the  rank  of  major,  twenty-seven  commissaries  with  the  rank  of 
captain,  mounted,  and  the  number  of  commissary-sergeants  now 
authorized  by  law,  who  shall  hereafter  be  known  as  post  commissary- 
sergeants:  Provided,  That  all  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  colonel,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  major,  created  or  caused  by  this  section,  shall  be 
filled  by  promotion,  according  to  seniority,  as  now  prescribed  by  law. 
That  to  fill  original  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  captain,  created  by  this 
act.  in  the  Subsistence  Department,  the  President  is  authorized  to 
appoint  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  in  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment since  April  twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight. 

*  *  -» 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  permanent 
appointments  in  the  .  .  .  Subsistence  Department, 
including  those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  captain 
and  first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seventeen, 
twenty-one,  and  twenty-four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted  accord- 
ing to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law,  and 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  vacancies  which 
can  be  filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which  the  offi- 
cers so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any  vacancy, 
except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall  occur,  which 
can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section,  it  shall  be 
filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more  permanent 
appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps  after  the 
original  vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled.  Such 
details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies  exist, 
under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  ina}r  from  time  to 
time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 


358       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  the}?-  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  40.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  pre- 
scribe the  kinds  and  quantities  of  the  component  articles  of  the  army 
ration,  and  to  direct  the  issue  of  substitutive  equivalent  articles  in 
place  of  any  such  components  whenever,  in  his  opinion,  economy  and 
a  due  regard  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  troops  may  so  require. 


Act  of  March  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

•  ft  •::• 

Provided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  ...  in 
the  grade  of  captain  in  the  .  .  .  Subsistence  Department  .  .  . 
may  be  made  from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April 
twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight.     .     .     . 


VII -THE  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


359 


THE  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


July  27,  1775,  Congress  created  an  Hospital  Department  for  the 
Army,  its  chief  being  designated  as  Director-General  and  Chief  Phy- 
sician. By  the  resolution  of  April  7, 1777,  Congress  adopted  the  scheme 
for  a  Medical  Department  prepared  by  the  Army  Medical  Committee 
of  Congress,  based  on  the  organization  of  the  British  service  and 
accepted  because  it  was  so,  for,  as  General  Washington  said,  "  The 
number  of  officers  mentioned  in  the  inclosed  plan  I  presume  are  nec- 
essary for  us,  because  they  are  found  so  in  the  British  hospitals." 

For  some  years  subsequent  to  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war 
the  Army  consisted  of  troops  enlisted  for  short  terms  of  service,  with 
no  provision  for  medical  service  other  than  that  afforded  by  regimental 
medical  officers.  The  act  of  March  16,  1802,  allowed  two  surgeons 
and  twent}'-five  mates  as  the  peace  establishment,  and  by  the  act  of 
April  12,  1808,  the  President  was  authorized  to  appoint  such  number 
of  hospital  surgeons  and  surgeons'  mates  as  the  service  might  require. 
There  was,  however,  no  provision  made  for  a  chief  of  the  Department 
until,  under  the  act  of  March  3,  1813,  the  office  of  Physician  and 
Surgeon-General  was  created;  but  the  act  of  April  11,  1818,  gave  to 
the  Medical  Department,  for  the  first  time  in  its  history,  a  permanent 
chief  under  the  title  of  ""Surgeon-General." 

1775-1783. 

Director- General  and  Chief  Physician. 

July  27,  1775. — Dr.  Benjamin  Church  (Massachusetts). 

Sept  14,  1775. — Dr.  Samuel  Stringer  (Maryland),  Northern  Department. 

Oct.  17,  1775. — Dr.  John  Morgan  (Pennsylvania). 

l)incti,r-(  iencral. 

Apr.  11,  1777. — Dr.  William  Shippen,  jr.  (Pennsylvania). 

M;ir.  '12,  1780. — Dr.  David  Oliphant  (South  Carolina),  of  hospitals  in  South  Carolina. 

Jan.  17,  1781. — Dr.  John  Cochran  (Pennsylvania). 

I'lii/xicitin-General. 

Apr.  11,  1777.— i)r.  Malachi  Treat  (New  York),  Northern  Department. 

Dr.  Amini  Kuhamah  Cutler  (New  Hampshire),  Eastern  Department 
Dr.  Walter  Jones  (Virginia),  Middle  Department 
July  1,   1777. — Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  (Pennsylvania),  Middle  Department 
July  2,    1777. — Dr.  William  Brown  (Virginia),  Middle  Department 

Sufij,  i,n-( '/<  nrral. 

Apr.  11,  1777. — Dr.  Francis  Forgue  (Connecticut),  Northern  Department. 

Dr.  Philip  Turner  (Connecticut),  Eastern  -Department. 

Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  (Pennsylvania),  Middle  Department. 
July   2,   1777.— Dr.  William  Brown  (Virginia),  Middle  Department 
Feb.  21,  1778. — Dr.  Charles  McKnight  (Pennsylvania),  Middle  Department 

361 


362       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

Physician  and  Surgeon-General. 

Apr.  11,  1777. — Dr.  John  Bartlett  (Rhode  Island),  Northern  Department. 
Dr.  William  Burnet  (New  Jersey),  Eastern  Department. 
Dr.  John  Cochran  (Pennsylvania),  Middle  Department. 

Chief  Physician  and  Surgeon. 

Oct.     6, 1780. — Dr.  John  Cochran  (Pennsylvania). 

Mar.    3, 1781. — Dr.  James  Craik  (Virginia). 

Mar.    5, 1781. — Dr.  William  Burnet  (New  Jersey). 

Chief  Physician. 

July  15,1776. — Dr.  William  Shippen  (Pennsylvania),  for  the  flying  camp. 
May  15, 1781. — Dr.  Peter  Fayssoux  (South  Carolina) ,  of  hospital  in  southern  army. 
Dr.  James  Brown  ( ) ,  of  the  southern  army. 

Purveyor. 

Oct.     6,1780. — Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  jr.  (Pennsylvania). 

Apothecary. 

Oct.      7,1780. — Dr.  Andrew  Craigie  (Massachusetts). 

1789-1901. 

Physician-  General. 

July  19, 1798. — Dr.  James  Craig  (Virginia). 

Physician  and  Surgeon-General. 

June  11, 1813. — Dr.  James  Tilton  (Delaware). 

Apothecary-  General. 

June  11, 1813. — Dr.  Francis  le  Baron  (Massachusetts). 

Surgeon-  General. 

Apr.  18,1818. — Dr.  Joseph  Lovell  (Massachusetts). 

Nov.  30,1836.— Dr.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  May  30,  1848)  Thomas  Lawson  (Virginia). 

May  15, 1861.— Dr.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  March  13,  1865)  Clement  A.  Finley  (Ohio). 

Apr.  25,1862. — Brig.  Gen.  William  A.  Hammond  (Maryland). 

Aug.  22, 1864. — Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  K.  Barnes  (Pennsylvania) . 

July    3,1882. — Brig.  Gen.  Charles  H.  Crane  (Massachusetts). 

Nov.  23, 1883.— Brig.  Gen.  Robert  Murray  (Maryland). 

Nov.  18, 1886.— Brig.  Gen.  John  Moore  (Indiana). 

Aug.  16, 1890. — Brig.  Gen.  Jedediah  H.  Baxter  (Vermont). 

Dec.  30,1890. — Brig.  Gen.  Charles  Sutherland  (Pennsylvania). 

May  30, 1893. — Brig.  Gen.  George  M.  Sternberg  (New  York). 


THE  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS    OF   THE   AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)   CONGRESS. 

July  19,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  report 
the  method  of  establishing  an  hospital. 

The  committee  chosen  are,  Mr.  Lewis,  Mr.  Paine,  and  Mr. 
Middleton. 

July  27,  1775. 

The  Congress  took  into  consideration  the  report  of  the  committee 
on  establishing  an  hospital  for  the  Army,  and  the  same  being  debated, 
was  agreed  to  as  follows: 

That  for  the  establishment  of  an  hospital  for  the  Army,  consisting  of 
twenty  thousand  men,  the  following  officers  ...  be  appointed, 
with  the  following  allowance  or  pay,  viz: 

One  director-general  and  chief  physician,  his  pay  per  day,  four 
dollars. 

Four  surgeons,  each  ditto,  one  and  one-third  of  a  dollar. 

One  apothecary,  ditto,  one  and  one-third  of  a  dollar. 

Twenty  surgeons'  mates,  each  ditto,  two-thirds  of  a  dollar. 

One  clerk,  ditto,  two-thirds  of  a  dollar. 

Four  storekeepers,  each  four  dollars  per  month. 

One  nurse  to  every  ten  sick,  one-fifteenth  of  a  dollar  per  dajr,  or 
two  dollars  per  month. 

Laborers  occasionally. 

THE  DUTY  OF  THE  ABOVE  OFFICERS. 

The  director  to  furnish  medicines,  bedding,  and  all  other  necessaries, 
to  pay  for  the  same,  superintend  the  whole,  and  make  his  report  to 
and  receive  orders  from  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

Surgeons,  apothecaries,  and  mates — to. visit  and  attend  the  sick, 
and  the  mates  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  physicians,  surgeons,  and 
apothecaries. 

Matron — to  superintend  the  nurses,  bedding,  etc. 

Clerk — to  keep  accounts  for  the  director  and  storekeepers. 

Storekeeper — to  receive  and  deliver  the  bedding  and  other  neces- 
saries by  order  of  the  director. 

The  Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  for  the  hos- 
pital, when 

Benjamin  Church  was  unanimously  elected  to  be  director  of,  and 
physician  in,  the  hospital. 

363 


364       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  the  appointment  of  the  four  surgeons  and  the  apoth- 
ecary be  left  to  Doctor  B.  Church. 

That  the  mates  be  appointed  by  the  surgeons. 

That  the  number  of  mates  do  not  exceed  twenty. 

That  the  number  be  not  kept  in  constant  pay,  unless  the  sick  and 
wounded  should  be  so  numerous  as  to  require  the  attendance  of  twenty, 
and  to  be  diminished  as  circumstances  will  admit;  for  which  purpose 
the  pay  is  fixed  by  the  day,  that  they  may  only  receive  pay  for  actual 
service. 

That  owe  clerk,  two  storekeepers,  and  one  nurse  to  every  ten  sick 
be  appointed  by  the  director. 

September  U,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  Samuel  Stringer,  esq.,  be  appointed  director  of  the 
hospital  and  chief  physician  and  surgeon  for  the  Army  in  the  northern 
department. 

That  the  pay  of  the  said  Samuel  Stringer,  as  director,  physician,  and 
surgeon,  be  four  dollars  per  day. 

That  he  be  authorized  and  have  power  to  appoint  a  number  of  sur- 
geons' mates  under  him,  not  exceeding  four. 

That  the  pay  of  said  mates  be  two-thirds  of  a  dollar  per  day.  That 
the  number  be  not  kept  in  constant  pay,  unless  the  sick  and  wounded 
be  so  numerous  as  to  require  the  constant  attendance  of  four,  and  to 
be  diminished  as  circumstances  will  admit,  for  which  reason  the  pay  is 
fixed  by  the  day,  that  they  may  only  receive  pay  for  actual  service. 

That  the  deputy  commissary -general  be  directed  to  pay  Dr.  Stringer 
for  the  medicines  he  has  purchased  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  and  that 
he  purchase  and  forward  such  other  medicines  as  General  Schuyler 
shall,  by  his  warrant,  direct  for  the  use  of  said  Army. 

That  Mr.  Dyer,  Mr.  Lynch,  Mr.  Jay,  Mr.  J.  Adams,  and  Mr.  Lewis 
be  a  committee  to  devise  ways  and  means  for  supplying  the  Continental 
Army  with  medicines. 

September  23,  1775. 

Ordered,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  devise  ways  and  means 
of  supplying  the  Army  with  medicines  do  buy  a  parcel  of  drugs  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Rapalje,  which  he  offers  at  prime  cost. 

October  3,  1775. — "Doctor  Isaac  Foster,  to  take  the  direction  and  superintendency 
of  the  general  hospital  until  further  orders."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters  [no 
place  given] . ) 

October  14,  1775. — Dr.  Church  was  arrested  for  holding  correspondence  with  the 
enemy. 

October  17,  1775. 

The  Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  Ol  a  director-general  and 
chief  physician  of  the  hospital  [in  Massachusetts  Bay],  in  the  room  of 
Dr.  Church,  and  the  ballots  being  examined, 

Dr.  John  Morgan,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected. 

January  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  goods  and  stores  ought  to  be  imported 
as  soon  as  possible  for  the  use  of  the  United  Colonies,  viz: 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  365 

Medicines,  surgeons'  instruments,  lint  and  bandages,  in  the  whole  to 
the  amount  of  £2,000  sterling. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
pursue  the  most  effectual  measures  for  importing  the  foregoing 
articles. 

March  1,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  treat  with  the 
owners  of  some  medicines  lately  imported,  and  to  purchase  the  same 
on  the  most  reasonable  terms  for  the  use  of  the  continent. 

May  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  send  two  hun- 
dred pounds  of  Peruvian  bark  to  the  commanding  officer  in  Virginia 
for  the  use  of  the  Continental  forces  in  the  southern  department. 

May  11,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  two  sets  of  trepanning  instruments  be  sent  to  Vir- 
ginia for  the  use  of  the  surgeons  of  the  Continental  troops  there;  and 
that  two  sets  of  trepanning  instruments  and  100  lbs.  of  Peruvian  bark 
be  sent  to  North  Carolina  for  the  use  of  the  Continental  troops  in  that 
colony. 

May  18,  1776. 

The  Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  director  of  the 
hospital  in  Virginia,  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

William  Rickman  was  elected. 

Resolved,  That  the  hospital  in  Virginia  be  on  the  same  establish- 
ment, and  the  pay  of  the  officers  thereof  the  same,  as  the  hospital 
established  in  the  eastern  department; 

That  two  surgeons,  one  apothecary,  six  mates  ...  be  allowed 
to  the  hospital  in  Virginia; 

That  the  director  be  empowered  to  nominate  the  surgeons  and 
apothecary; 

That  the  mates  be  appointed  by  the  surgeons,  and  that  the  number 
of  the  mates  be  diminished  as  circumstances  will  admit;  for  which  rea- 
son the  pay  is  fixed  by  the  day,  that  they  may  only  receive  pay  for 
actual  services. 

June  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  committee  appointed  to  provide  medi- 
cines be  directed  to  send  a  proper  assortment  of  medicines  to  Canada. 

June  18,  1776. 

Iusnlr,<l.  That  Mi'.  I  ley  ward  and  Mr.  Hall  be  added  to  the  commit* 
tee  procuring  medicine .-. 


366       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

July  6,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Doctor  Jonathan  Potts  be  emplo}'ed  as  a  physician 
and  surgeon  in  the  Canada  department  or  at  Lake  George,  as  the  gen- 
eral shall  direct;  but  that  this  appointment  shall  not  supersede  Dr. 
Stringer. 

July  15,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  chief  physician  be  appointed  for  the  flying  camp, 
and  that  his  pay  be  four  dollars  a  day. 
The  ballots  being  taken  and  examined, 
Doctor  William  Shippen,  jr.,  was  elected. 

July  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  number  of  hospital  surgeons  and  mates  be 
increased  in  proportion  to  the  augmentation  of  the  Army,  not  exceed- 
ing one  surgeon  and  five  mates  to  every  five  thousand  men,  to  be 
reduced  when  the  Army  is  reduced  or  when  there  is  no  further  occa- 
sion for  such  a  number; 

That  as  many  persons  be  employed  in  the  several  hospitals  .  .  . 
as  are  necessary  for  the  service  for  the  time  being,  to  be  appointed  by 
the  directors  of  the  respective  hospitals; 

*  *  % 

That  the  several  directors  of  hospitals  in  the  several  departments 
.  .  .  shall  transmit  to  the  director-general  regular  returns  of  the 
number  of  surgeons'  mates  and  other  officers  employed  under  them, 
their  names  and  pay;  also  an  account  of  the  expenses  and  furniture  of 
the  hospital  under  their  direction,  and  that  the  director-general  make 
reports  of  the  same,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  Commander  in  Chief 
and  this  Congress. 

*  •  •;:- 

That  the  pa}7  of  the  hospital  surgeons  be  increased  to  one  dollar  and 
two-thirds  of  a  dollar  by  the  da\r;  the  pay  of  the  hospital  mates  to 
one  dollar  by  the  day;  and  the  pay  of  the  hospital  apothecary  to  one 
dollar  and  two-thirds  of  a  dollar  by  the  day;  and  that  the  hospital 
surgeons  and  mates  take  rank  of  regimental  surgeons  and  mates. 

July  <B0,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Senter  be  recommended  to  Dr.  Morgan,  who  is 
desired  to  examine  him,  and  if,  upon  examination,  he  be  found  quali- 
fied, to  employ  him  in  the  hospital  as  a  surgeon. 

August  6,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  medical  committee  be  directed  to  supply  the 
director  of  the  hospital  with  such  medicines  as  he  may  want. 

August  7,  1776. 
Resolved,  That  Dr.  Rush  be  added  to  the  medical  committee. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPAKTMENT.  367 

.  1  ugust  20,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Morgan  was  appointed  director-general  and 
physician  in  chief  of  the  American  Hospital: 

That  Dr.  Stringer  was  appointed  director  and  physician  of  the 
hospital  in  the  northern  department  only; 

That  every  director  of  a  hospital  possesses  the  exclusive  right  of 
appointing  surgeons  and  hospital  officers  of  all  kinds,  agreeable  to  the 
resolutions  of  Congress  of  the  17th  of  July,  in  his  own  department, 
unless  otherwise  directed  by  Congress; 

That  Dr.  Stringer  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  surgeon  for  the  fleet 
now  fitting  out  upon  the  lakes; 

That  a  druggist  be  appointed  in  Philadelphia,  whose  business  it  shall 
be  to  receive  and  deliver  all  medicines,  instruments,  and  shop  furniture 
for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States; 

That  a  salary  of  30  dollars  a  month  be  paid  to  the  said  druggist  for 
his  labor. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  druggist,  and,  the  ballots 
being  taken, 

Dr.  William  Smith  was  elected. 

August  26,  1776. 

R<  solved,  That  Congress  have  a  proper  sense  of  the  merits  and  serv- 
ices of  Dr.  McHenry,  and  recommend  the  directors  of  the  different 
hospitals  belonging  to  the  United  States  to  appoint  Dr.  McHenry  to 
the  first  vacancy  that  shall  happen  of  a  surgeon's  berth  in  any  of  the 
said  hospitals. 

September  16,  1776. 

Beadved,  .  .  .  That  the  medical  committee  send  an  assortment 
of  proper  medicines  to  the  northern  army; 

*  *  * 

September  20, 1776. 

Ordered,  That  the  medical  committee  forward  300  lbs.  of  Peruvian 
bark  to  the  southern  department,  for  the  use  of  the  troops  there. 

•  *  • 

Resolved,  That  an  assistant  physician  to  Dr.  Shippeu  be  appointed 
for  the  flying  camp  and  troops  in  New  Jersey,  and  that  his  pay  be  2 
dollars  and  #  d.  per  day; 

The  ballot  being  taken, 

Dr.  William  Brown  was  elected. 

September  ?4,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  devise  ways  and 
means  for  effectually  providing  the  northern  army  with 
medicines    .    .    . 

The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Rush,  Mr.  Hall,  Mr.  Chase,  Mr.  Johnson, 
and  Mr.  Stockton. 

U>  solved,  That  the  medical  committee  be  directed  to  apply  to  the 
council  of  safet}r  of  Pennsylvania  for  a  quantity  of  medicines,  to  be 
repaid  in  kind  or  in  cash,  as  they  shall  choose. 


368       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

September  30,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the 
United  States  to  appoint  gentlemen  in  their  respective  States,  skillful 
in  physic  and  surgery,  to  examine  those  who  offer  to  serve  as  sur- 
geons or  surgeons'  mates  in  the  Army  .  .  .  and  that  no  surgeon  or 
mate  shall  hereafter  receive  a  commission  or  warrant  to  act  as  such  in 
the  Army  .  .  .  who  shall  not  produce  a  certificate  from  some  one  of 
the  examiners  to  be  appointed,  to  prove  that  he  is  qualified  to  execute 
the  office. 

That  all  regimental  surgeons  and  mates,  as  well  as  those  of  the  hos- 
pital, be  subject  to  the  direction  and  control  of  the  directors  in  the 
several  departments. 

October  9,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  John  Morgan,  esq.,  provide  and  superintend 
an  hospital,  at  a  proper  distance  from  the  camp,  for  the  army  posted 
on  the  east  side  of  Hudson  River. 

That  William  Shippen,  jr.,  esq.,  provide  and  superintend  an  hospital 
for  the  army  in'the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

That  each  of  the  hospitals  be  supplied  by  the  respective  directors 
with  such  a  number  of  surgeons,  apothecaries,  surgeons'  mates  .  .  . 
as  they  shall  judge  expedient. 

That  they  make  weekly  reports  to  Congress  and  the  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  officers  and  assistants  of  each  denomination,  and  also  the 
numbers  of  sick  and  deceased  in  their  respective  hospitals. 

November  26,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  who  are  sent  to  the  camp  be  directed 
to  make  particular  enquiiy  into  the  abuses  in  the  Medical  Department 
in  the  Army,  and  report  thereon  to  Congress. 

November  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Morgan  take  care  of  such  sick  and  wounded  of 
the  Army  of  the  United  States  as  are  on  the  east  side  of  Hudson's 
River,  and  that  Dr.  Shippen  take  care  of  such  sick  and  wounded  as  are 
on  the  west  side  of  Hudson's  River;  and  that  they  both  be  directed  to 
use  the  utmost  diligence  in  superintending  the  surgeons  and  mates  of 
the  Army,  so  that  the  sick  and  wounded  may  be  effectually  provided 
with  everything  necessary  for  their  recoveiy. 

November  29,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  medical  committee  be  directed  to  provide  suffi- 
cient quantities  of  antiscorbutics  for  the  use  of  the  hospitals  in  the 
northern  army; 

That  the  hospital  at  Fort  George  be  continued  for  the  reception  of 
soldiers  laboring  with  contagious  diseases,  and  that  there  be  a  general 
hospital  erected  on  Mount  Independence; 

That  a  suitable  spot  of  ground  for  a  garden  be  enclosed  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  general  hospital,  to  supply  the  Army  with  vegetables, 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  369 

and  that  laborers  be  hired  to  cultivate  it  under  the  direction  of  an 
overseer,  to  be  appointed  by  the  general  or  commanding  officer. 

That  the  general  or  commanding  officer  in  each  of  the  armies  cause 
strict  enquiry  to  be  made  into  the  conduct  of  the  directors  of  the  hos- 
pitals and  their  .surgeons,  officers,  and  servants,  and  of  the  regimental 
surgeons,  that  if  there  had  been  any  just  ground  of  complaints  in 
those  departments  the  offenders  may  be  punished. 

That  the  colonel  or  commanding  officer  of  every  regiment  make 
frequent  enquiry  into  the  health  of  the  men  under  his  command  and 
report  the  state  thereof,  with  any  negligence,  malpractice,  or  other 
misconduct  of  the  surgeons  or  others,  to  the  general  and  to  Congress, 
delivering  copies  of  such  reports  to  all  persons  therein  accused. 

December  1,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  medical  committee  be  directed  to  take 
such  steps  as  they  shall  judge  proper  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
sick  of  the  Army. 

December  12,  1776. — Owing  to  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  the  continental  apothe- 
cary was  directed  to  remove  certain  stores  to  a  place  of  safety. 

December  30,  1776. 

Resolved^  [That  one  wagon  be  allowed  on  a  march]  for  the  partic- 
ular use  of  the  director  of  the  hospital.  Each  wagon  to  be  drawn  by 
two  horses  .  .  .  and  subject  to  such  orders  as  shall  from  time  to 
time  be  issued  by  the  general  or  commanding  officer. 

January  9,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  John  Morgan,  director-general,  and  Dr.  Samuel 
Stringer,  director  of  the  hospital  in  the  northern  department  of  the 
Army  of  the  United  States,  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  dismissed  from 
any  further  service  in  said  offices. 

That  the  directors  of  the  military  hospitals  throughout  the  Army, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  hospital  and  regimental  surgeons  in  each 
department,  make  returns  to  Congress  as  soon  as  possible  of  the  kind 
and  quantity  of  medicines,  instruments,  and  hospital  furniture  that 
remain  on  hand. 

January  14-,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  medical  committee  provide  a  suitable 
assortment  of  medicines  and  send  them  to  the  hospital  in  the  northern 
army  with  all  possible  despatch,  together  with  other  necessaries  for 
the  sick.    .    .     . 

That  Dr.  Potts  be  directed  to  repair  to  Ticonderoga  without  delay. 

That  Dr.  Stringer  be  directed  to  deliver  to  Dr.  Potts  such  medicines 
and  other  medical  stores  as  may  be  in  his  hands  belonging  to  the 
continent. 

S.  Doc.  22t) 24 


370       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

January  <29,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Mackenzie,  who  has  the  care  of  the  sick  in  the 
hospital  in  Baltimore,  be  empowered  to  appoint  a  mate  to  assist  him. 

February  5,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  medical  committee  be  empowered  to  employ  a 
suitable  person  in  each  of  the  States  to  purchase  such  medicines  as  they 
shall  direct,  for  the  use  of  the  army,  which  can  be  procured  at  any 
reasonable  rates. 

April  7,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  one  director-general  of  all  the  military  hos- 
pitals, which  shall  be  elected  for  the  Continental  Army  in  the  United 
States,  who  shall  particularly  superintend  all  the  hospitals  between 
Hudson's  and  Potomac  rivers. 

That  there  be  one  deputy  director-general,  who,  in  the  absence  of 
the  director-general,  shall  superintend  the  hospitals  to  the  eastward  of 
Hudson's  River. 

That  there  be  one  deputy  director-general,  who,  in  the  absence  of  the 
director-general,  shall  superintend  the  hospitals  in  the  Northern 
Department. 

That  when  the  circumstances  of  the  war  shall  require  it,  there  be 
one  deputy  director-general,  who,  in  the  absence  of  the  director- 
general,  shall  superintend  the  hospitals  in  the  Southern  Department. 

That  the  director-general,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  deputy  director- 
general  in  each  respective  department,  be  empowered  and  required, 
with  the  adv-ice  and  consent  of  the  commander  in  chief  therein,  to 
establish  and  regulate  a  sufficient  number  of  hospitals  at  proper  places 
for  the  reception  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  theArnry;  to  provide 
medicines,  instruments,  dressings,  bedding,  and  other  necessary  furni- 
ture, proper  diet,  and  everything  requisite  for  the  sick  and  wounded 
soldiers  and  the  officers  of  the  hospitals;  to  pay  the  salaries  and  all 
other  expenses  of  the  same. 

That  there  be  assistant  deputy  directors  to  superintend  the  hospitals 
committed  to  their  care,  and  assist  in  providing  the  articles  before 
specified,  under  the  orders  or  control  of  the  director  or  deputy  director- 
general  of  the  respective  districts. 

That  there  be  one  apothecary-general  for  each  district,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  receive,  prepare,  and  deliver  medicines  and  other  articles 
of  his  department  to  the  hospitals  and  Army  as  shall  be  ordered  by 
the  director-general  or  deputy  directors-general,  respectively. 

That  the  apothecaries  be  allowed  as  many  mates  as  the  director- 
general  or  respective  deputy  directors-general  shall  think  necessary. 

That  there  be  a  commissary  of  the  hospitals  in  each  of  the  aforesaid 
districts,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  procure,  store,  and  deliver  provi- 
sions, forage,  and  such  other  articles  as  the  director-general  shall 
judge  necessary  for  the  use  of  the  hospitals,  in  the  purchase  of  which 
he  shall  frequently  consult  with  the  Commissary  and  Quartermaster- 
General,  and  be  regulated  by  the  prices  which  they  give. 

That  the  commissary  be  allowed  such  assistants  and  storekeepers  as 
the  director-general  or  deputy  director-general  of  the  district  shall 
judge  necessary. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  371 

That  a  steward  be  allowed  for  every  hundred  sick  or  wounded,  who 
shall  receive  provisions  from  the  commissary  and  distribute  them 
agreeable  to  the  orders  of  the  director-general,  or  physician,  or 
surgeon-general,  and  be  accountable  to  the  commissary  for  the  same. 

That  a  matron  be  allowed  to  every  hundred  sick  or  wounded,  who 
shall  take  care  that  the  provisions  are  properly  prepared;  that  the 
wards,  beds,  and  utensils  be  kept  in  neat  order,  and  that  the  most 
exact  economy  be  observed  in  her  department. 

That  a  nurse  be  allowed  for  even7  ten  sick  or  wounded,  who  shall 
be  under  the  direction  of  the  matron. 

That  an  hostler  or  stabler  be  allowed  to  each  hospital,  to  receive  the 
horses  from  the  commissary,  and  to  take  care  of  the  wagon  and  other 
horses  belonging  to  the  hospital,  pursuant  to  orders  from  the  director- 
general,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  deputy  director-general,  or  such  other 
officers  as  he  shall  appoint. 

That  there  be  a  clerk  in  each  district,  whose  business  it  shall  be  to 
keep  the  accounts  of  the  hospitals  and  to  receive  and  deliver  the  monies 
agreeable  to  the  orders  of  the  director  or  deputy  director-general. 

That  a  sufficient  number  of  assistant  clerks  be  allowed. 

That  such  officers  and  soldiers  as  the  general  shall  order  to  guard 
the  hospitals  and  to  conduct  such  as  shall  be  weekly  discharged  the 
hospitals  to  their  respective  regiments  shall,  while  on  this  duty,  obey 
the  director  or  deputy  director-general,  or  the  physicians  and  surgeons- 
general. 

That  the  director  and  deputy  directors-general  be  respectively 
empowered  to  appoint  and  discharge  their  assistant  deputy  directors, 
and  other  said  officers  and  attendants  of  the  hospitals,  in  such  numbers 
as  the  necessities  of  the  Army  may  require,  and  the  commanders-in- 
chief  of  the  department  shall,  in  writing,  approve,  report  of  which  to 
be  immediately  made  to  Congress,  as  hereafter  directed. 

That  there  be  also  one  physician  and  one  surgeon-general  in  each 
district,  to  be  appointed  by  Congress,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  respec- 
tively,  to  superintend  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery  in  all  the 
hospitals  of  the  district  to  which  they  shall  be  appointed,  and  in  the 
absence  of  the  director  or  deputy  director-general  they  shall  have 
power  to  order  the  physicians,  surgeons,  and  other  officers  of  the  sev- 
eral hospitals  to  such  duty  as  they  shall  think  proper,  and  shall  report 
weekly  to  the  director-general,  or,  in  his  absence,  to  the  assistant 
deputy  director,  the  state  and  number  of  the  sick  and  wounded  in  the 
hospitals,  and  the  delinquent  officers  of  the  same,  and  see  that  such  as 
may  be  fit  shall  be  delivered  every  week  to  the  officer  of  the  guard,  to 
be  conducted  to  the  Army. 

That  there  be  allowed,  also,  senior  physicians  and  surgeons,  who 
shall  attend,  prescribe  for,  and  operate  upon,  and  see  properly  treated, 
such  sick  and  wounded  as  shall  be  allowed  them  by  the  director- 
general,  deputy  director-general,  or  assistant  director,  or  physician,  or 
surgeon-generar,  the  number  for  the  district  to  be  determined  by  the 
director  or  deputy  director-general  and  appointed  by  the  surgeon  and 
physician-general. 

That  there  be  also  such  a  number  of  second  surgeons  as  the  director 
or  deputy  director-general  for  the  district  shall  judge  necessary  to 
assi>t  tin-  senior  surgeons,  and  be  under  the  same  direction,  and  to  be 
appointed  by  the  physician  and  surgeon-general  as  aforesaid. 

That  there  be  also  such  a  number  of  mates  as  the  director-general  or 


372       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

deputy  director-general  of  the  district  shall  direct,  who  shall  assist  the 
surgeons  in  the  care  of  the  wounded,  and  see  that  the  medicines  are 
properly  and  regularly  administered,  and  appointed  in  the  manner 
before  directed  for  the  senior  and  second  surgeons. 

That  a  suitable  number  of  covered  and  other  wagons,  litters,  and 
other  necessaries  for  removing  the  sick  and  wounded  shall  be  supplied 
by  the  quartermaster  or  deputy  quartermaster-general,  and  in  cases  of 
their  deficiency,  by  the  director  or  deputy  director-general. 

That  there  be  one  physician  and  surgeon-general  for  each  separate 
army,  who  shall  be  subject  to  the  orders  and  control  of  the  director- 
general  and  deputy  director-general  of  the  district  wherein  he  acts. 
That  his  duty  shall  be  to  superintend  the  regimental  surgeons  and 
their  mates,  and  to  see  that  they  do  their  duty,  to  hear  all  complaints 
against  the  said  regimental  surgeons  and  mates,  and  make  report  of 
them  to  the  director-general,  or,  in  his  absence,  to  the  deputy  director, 
or,  in  their  absence  from  the  said  army,  to  the  commanding  officer 
thereof,  that  they  may  be  brought  to  trial  by  court-martial  for  mis- 
behavior; to  receive  from  the  director-general  or  deputy  director- 
general,  a  suitable  number  of  large  strong  tents,  beds,  bedding, 
medicines,  and  hospital  stores,  for  such  sick  and  wounded  as  can  not 
be  removed  to  the  general  hospital  with  safety,  or  may  be  rendered  fit 
for  duty  in  a  few  days;  and  shall  also  see  that  the  sick  and  wounded, 
while  under  his  care,  are  properly  attended,  dressed,  and  conveyed, 
when  able,  to  the  general  hospital,  for  which  last  purpose  he  shall  be 
supplied  by  the  director-general,  or  deputy  director,  with  a  proper 
number  of  convenient  wagons  and  drivers. 

That  each  physician  and  surgeon-general  of  the  armies  shall  appoint 
such  a  number  of  surgeons,  nurses,  and  orderly  men  as  the  director 
or  deputy  director-general  shall  judge  necessary,  for  the  more  effectual 
care  and  relief  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  under  the  care  of  such  phy- 
sician and  surgeon-general,  as  provided  in  the  last  foregoing  section; 
and  the  said  physicians  and  surgeons-general  shall  have  under  them,  in 
each  army,  a  steward  to  receive  and  properly  dispense  such  articles  of 
diet  as  the  director-general,  or  deputy  director-general,  shall  give  or 
order  to  be  given  him  by  the  commissary  of  the  army  or  hospital. 

That  whenever  any  regimental  surgeon  or  mate  shall  be  absent  from 
his  regiment  without  leave  from  the  said  surgeon-general,  or  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  the  Army  where  his  duty  lies,  the  said  surgeon- 
general  shall  have  power  to  remove  such  surgeon  or  mate,  and  forthwith 
to  appoint  another  in  his  stead. 

That  the  director,  deputy  directors,  physicians,  and  surgeons-general, 
and  all  other  officers  before  enumerated  shall  be  tried  by  a  court- 
martial  for  any  misbehavior  or  neglect  of  duty  as  the  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  several  armies  shall  direct. 

That  the  physician  and  surgeon-general  of  each  army  shall  cause 
daily  returns  to  be  made  to  him  of  all  the  sick  and  wounded  which 
have  been  removed  to  the  hospitals,  all  that  remain  in  the  hospital 
tents,  all  that  are  become  fit  for  duty,  all  that  are  convalescent,  and  all 
who  may  have  died,  specifying  the  particular  maladies  under  which 
the  sick  and  wounded  labor. 

That  the  said  physicians  and  surgeons-general  shall  cause  weekly 
returns  of  the  same  to  be  made  to  the  director  or  deputy  director- 
general,  respectively. 

That  the  Dhysicians  and  surgeons-general  of  the  hospitals  cause  like 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  373 

daily  returns  to  be  made  in  every  hospital,  and  the  like  weekly  returns 
to  their  respective  directors,  mutatis  mutandis. 

That  the  deputy  directors-general  cause  the  like  returns  to  be  made 
once  every  month  to  the  director-general,  together  with  the  names 
and  denominations  of  all  the  officers  in  the  respective  hospitals. 

And  that  the  director-general  shall  make  a  like  return  for  all  the 
hospitals  and  armies  of  these  United  States  once  every  month  to  the 
medical  committee. 

April  <9,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  in  time  of  action  and  on  any  other  emergency  when 
the  regimental  surgeons  are  not  sufficient  in  number  to  attend  properly 
to  the  sick  and  wounded  that  can  not  be  removed  to  the  hospitals,  the 
director  or  deputy  director-general  of  the  district  be  empowered  and 
directed  upon  the  request  of  the  physician  and  Surgeon-General  of 
the  Army  to  send  from  the  hospitals  under  his  care  to  the  assistance 
of  such  sick  and  wounded,  as  many  physicians  and  surgeons  as  can 
possibly  be  spared  from  the  necessary  business  of  the  hospitals. 

That  the  directors,  deputy  directors-general,  assistant  deputy  direct- 
ors, physicians  and  surgeons-general  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  required 
and  directed  to  employ  such  parts  of  their  time,  as  may  conveniently 
be  spared  from  the  duties  before  pointed  out  to  them,  in  visiting  and 
prescribing  for  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  hospitals  under  their  care. 

That  the  establishment  of  the  Medical  Department  be  as  follows: 

Director-General 6  dollars  a  day  and  9  rations. 

Deputy  director-general 5  do.  6  do. 

Assistant  deputy  director 3  do.  6  do. 

Physician-general  and  surgeon-general,  each 5  do.  6  do. 

Physician  and  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army 5  do.  6  do. 

Senior  surgeons,  each 4  do.  6  do. 

Second  surgeons,  each 2  do.  4  do. 

Surgeons' mates,  each \\  d.  do.  2  do. 

Apothecaries-general,  each 3  do.  6  do. 

Do.  mates,  each 1  \  d.  do.  2  do. 

Commissary 2  do.  4  do. 

Clerk,  who  is  to  be  paymaster 2  do.  4  do. 

Assistant  clerks,  each f  ds.  do.  1  do. 

Stewards,  each 1  do.  2  do. 

Matron \  do.  1  do. 

Nurses,  each 24-90ths   do.  1  do. 

Stabler 1  do.  1  do. 

Regimental  surgeons 2  do.  4  do. 

Do.        mates,  each \\  d.  do.  2  do. 

April  11,  1777. 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  hospital 
department;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  jr.,  was  chosen,  by  the  unanimous  ballot  of 
the  thirteen  States,  director-general  of  all  the  military  hospitals  for  the 
armies  of  the  United  States. 

Dr.  Walter  Jones,  physician-general  of  the  hospital  in  the  Middle 
Department. 

Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  surgeon -general  of  the  hospital  in  the  Middle 
Department.  • 

Dr.  John  Cochran,  physician  and  surgeon-genera]  of  the  army  in 
the  Middle  Department. 


374      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Dr.  Isaac  Forster,  deputy  director-general  of  the  hospital  in  the 
Eastern  Department. 

Dr.  Ammi  Ruhamah  Cutter,  physician-general  of  the  hospital  in  the 
Eastern  Department. 

Dr.  Philip  Turner,  surgeon-general  of  ditto. 

Dr.  William  Burnet,  pnysician  and  surgeon -general  of  the  army  in 
the  Eastern  Department. 

Dr.  Jonathan  Potts,  deputy  director-general  of  the  hospital  in  the 
Northern  Department. 

Dr.  Malacni  Treat,  physician-general  of  ditto. 

Dr.  Forgue,  surgeon -general  of  ditto. 

Dr.  John  Bartlett,  physician  and  surgeon-general  of  the  army  in  the 
Northern  Department. 

April  12,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  surgeons-general  and  physicians-general  of  the 
hospitals  shall  each  of  them  regulate  the  practice  of  both  physic  and 
surgery,  and  do  the  duty  of  physician  and  surgeon-general  in  the 
hospitals  respectively  committed  to  their  charge,  and  that  the  director 
and  deputy  directors-general  take  proper  care  to  keep  the  sick  and 
wounded  in  separate  departments. 

April  M,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  director  and  deputy  directors-general  shall  con- 
stantly publish  in  the  newspapers  the  names  of  the  places  in  which 
their  military  hospitals  are  respectively  kept,  and  the  several  com- 
manding officers  of  parties,  detachments,  or  corps,  on  their  march  to 
and  from  the  camp,  shall  send  to  the  said  hospitals  such  of  their  officers 
and  soldiers  as  from  time  to  time  are  unable  to  proceed,  together  with 
certificates  to  the  director  or  deputy  director-general,  mentioning  the 
names  of  the  said  officers  and  soldiers  and  particular  regiments  to 
which  they  belong;  unless,  from  the  distance  of  the  hospital  or  other 
causes,  it  shall  at  any  time  be  necessary  to  deliver  them  to  the  care  of 
private  physicians  or  surgeons,  in  which  cases  such  physicians  and 
surgeons,  and  also  the  respective  commanding  officers,  are  forthwith 
to  report  their  names  and  regiments  to  the  director  or  deputy  directors- 
general  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  give  the  necessary  orders  for  removing 
them  to  the  hospitals  as  soon  as  may  be,  and  discharge  the  reasonable 
demands  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons  conducting,  agreeable  to  this 
resolve. 

That  the  director  and  deputy  directors-general  and  assistant  deputy 
directors  have  power  to  order  to  their  respective  hospitals  the  sick 
and  wounded  of  the  Army,  wherever  found,  in  their  own  or  other 
departments,  provided  such  departments  are  not  supplied  with  any  of 
the  officers  aforesaid. 

April  25,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  physician  or  surgeon-general  of  the 
hospital  in  the  middle  department  be  directed  to  send  a  proper  person 
or  persons  in  the  medical  department  to  visit  all  the  hospitals  betwixt 
this  city  and  the  town  of  Annapolis,  in  Maryland,  with  directions  to 
order  all  such  soldiers  as  shall  be  deemed  capable  of  service  to  join 
immediately  their  respective  corps  under  proper  officers. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  375 

May  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  commander  in  chief,  and  the  commander  in 
any  separate  department,  shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities 
of  forage,  and  for  and  during  such  times  as  they  shall  think  "proper, 
to     .     .  the  director-general  of  the  hospital,  his  subs  and  surgeons- 

general,  .     .     ;  provided,  always,  that  if  any  of  the  officers  above 

mentioned,  their  deputies  or  assistants,  should  be  allowed  forage  in 
consequence  of  any  general  order  hereafter  given,  and  should,  never- 
theless, not  keep  any  or  so  many  horses  as  they  would  be  permitted  to 
draw  forage  for,  in  such  case  no  forage  shall  be  issued  for  more 
horses  than  they  really  have,  nor  shall  they  at  any  time  thereafter  be 
allowed  any  forage  as  back  allowance  or  any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

June  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  XXXVI.  That  all  persons  employed  to  pur- 
chase for  the  United  States  any  articles  in  the  several  departments  of 
the  .  .  .  director,  .  .  .  shall  previously  apply  to  them,  or 
the  principal  officers  under  them,  respectively,  for  certificates  of  the 
several  prices  by  them  allowed  for  such  articles,  and  shall  not,  on  any 
pretence  whatsoever,  exceed  such  prices.     .     .     . 

June  23,  1777. — Dr.  Walter  Jones  declined,  June  20,  appointment  of  physician- 
general. 

July  1,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  physician-general  of  the 
hospital  in  the  middle  department,  in  the  room  of  Dr.  Jones;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  was  elected. 

July  2,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  surgeon -general  of  the 
hospital  of  the  middle  department,  in  the  room  of  Dr.  Rush;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  William  Brown  was  elected. 

August  9,  1777. 

The  medical  committee,  to  whom  was  referred  the  letter  from  Dr. 
W.  Rickman,  report  "that  as  the  establishment  of  the  military  hospital 
in  Virginia,  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  18th  of  May,  1776,  is 
entirely  distinct  from  and  independent  of  the  general  establishment  of 
hospitals  in  the  other  States,  they  arc  of  opinion  the  same  was  not 
affected  by  the  new  regulations  of  the  7th  or  April  last,  and  that  Dr. 
Rickman  still  continues  director  of  that  hospital;"  whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  Congress  agree  to  the  said  report. 

Ordered,  That  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  report  and  concurrence  of 
Congress  be  sent  to  Dr.  Shippen,  and  that  ho  be  directed  to  withdraw 
from  Virginia  such  physicians,  surgeons,  or  assistants  as  he  may  have 
sent  thither. 


876      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Any  unt  30,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  issuing  commissaries  be  directed  to  fur- 
nish the  director-general,  or  any  of  the  deputy  directors,  or  their 
assistants,  with  such  provisions  as  any  of  them  shall,  from  time  to 
time,  demand  by  an  order  in  writing,  for  the  use  of  any  temporary 
hospital  which  shall  be  established,  which  order,  with  the  receipt  of 
the  steward  endorsed  tnereon,  shall  be  a  sufficient  voucher. 

September  16,  1777. — The  director-general  was  ordered  to  remove  to  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
or  some  other  place  of  safety,  the  patients,  or  stores  belonging  to  his  department 
ordered  to,  or  deposited  in,  Trenton,  X.  J. 

November  19,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  director-general  of  the  hospitals  be 
authorized  to  cause  stoves  to  be  erected  in  the  different  hospitals  in 
case  he  shall  think  such  a  measure  will  conduce  to  make  up  for  the 
present  scarcity  of  blankets  and  clothing,  or  to  the  greater  comfort  of 
the  sick;  and  that  the  wagons  annexed  to  the  hospital  department  be 
employed  as  much  as  possible  in  the  transportation  of  fuel  for  the 
respective  hospitals. 

November  19,  1777. — The  director-general  of  the  military  hospitals  and  his  assistants 
were  authorized  to  call  on  the  clothier-general  for  a  proportionate  share  of  blankets, 
shirts,  shoes,  and  stockings  for  the  use  of  the  sick  and  wounded. 

December  20, 1777. — Dr.  Rickman  (director  of  hospital  at  Alexandria)  was  suspended 
pending  disposition  of  complaints  charging  him  with  neglect  of  duty.  He  was 
acquitted  of  the  charges  against  him  and  ordered  to  resume  his  duties.  October  21, 
17S0,  he  was  informed  that,  pursuant  to  his  former  request,  he  was  left  out  in  the 
new  arrangement  of  the  hospital  department. 

January  6,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  clothier-general  be  directed  to  deliver  to  the 
order  of  the  director-general  as  much  linen  and  as  many  blankets  as 
can  be  spared,  to  be  retained  in  the  hospital  for  the  use  of  the  sick. 

*  *  * 

That  a  member  of  Congress  be  appointed  to  visit  the  hospitals  in 
the  middle  department.     The  member  chosen,  Mr.  Penn. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  sum  of  10  dollars  shall  be  paid  by  every  officer, 
and  the  sum  of  four  dollars  by  every  soldier,  who  shall  enter  or  be 
sent  into  any  hospital  to  be  cured  of  the  venereal  disease;  which  sums 
shall  be  deducted  out  of  their  pay,  and  an  account  thereof  shall  be 
transmitted  by  the  physician  or  surgeon  who  shall  have  attended  them 
to  the  regimental  paymaster  for  that  purpose;  the  money  so  arising 
to  be  paid  to  the  director-general,  or  his  order,  to  be  appropriated  to 
the  purchasing  blankets  and  shirts  for  the  use  of  the  sick  soldiers  in 
the  hospital. 

January  SO,  1778. — Dr.  Rush's  resignation  was  accepted. 

February  3,  1778.  ' 

And  whereas  many  persons  employed  ...  in  other  civil 
departments  are  dispersed  in  various  pails  of  the  continent,  over 


THE   MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT.  377 

whom  neither  Congress  nor  the  head  of  their  respective  departments 
can  have  the  immediate  inspection. 

Bemlved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislative  and  executive 
authority  of  every  State  to  take  effectual  measures  for  preventing 
any  person  within  their  States  from  exercising  any  office  in  the  civil 
department  of  the  Army,  .  .  .  under  Congress,  who  shall  not, 
when  thereunto  required  by  any  magistrate,  produce  a  legal  appoint- 
ment to  such  office,  and  a  certificate  of  his  having  taken  the  foregoing 
oaths  or  affirmations,  or  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  take  and  sub- 
scribe the  said  oaths  or  affirmations  within  the  time  above  limited. 

February  6,  1778. 

For  the  better  regulating  the  hospitals  of  the  United  States. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  a  deputy  director-general  for  the  hospitals 
between  Hudson's  and  Potomac  rivers;  and  that  the  superintending 
care  of  the  director-general  be  extended  equally  over  the  hospitals  in 
every  district,  and  that  he  be  excused  from  the  duty  of  providing  sup- 
plies when  the  deputy  director- general  shall  be  ready  to  enter  upon 
the  office; 

That  the  several  officers  of  the  hospitals  shall  cease  to  exercise  such 
of  their  former  powers  as  are  herein  assigned  to  other  officers  thereof; 

That  in  the  absence  of  the  director-general  from  any  district  the 
physician-general  and  surgeon-general  .shall  hereafter  determine  the 
number  of  hospitals  to  be  provided  by  the  deputy  director-general  for 
the  sick  and  wounded,  and  shall  superintend  and  control  the  affairs  of 
such  hospitals; 

That  the  director-general  shall  consult  with  the  physician-general 
and  surgeon-general  in  each  district  about  the  supplies  necessary  for 
the  hospitals,  and  shall  give  orders  in  writing  to  the  deputy  director- 
general  thereof  to  provide  the  same;  and  in  the  absence  of  the 
director-general  the  physician-general  and  surgeon-general  shall  issue 
such  orders; 

That  each  deputy  director-general  shall  appoint  one  or  more  of  the 
assistant  deputy  directors  under  him  to  the  sole  business  of  providing 
beds,  furniture,  utensils,  hospital  clothing,  and  such  like  articles;  and 
shall  appoint  one  or  more  to  provide  medicines,  instruments,  dressings, 
herbs,  and  necessaries  of  a  similar  kind; 

That  the  director-general  shall  frequently  visit  the  hospitals  in  each 
district  and  see  that  the  regulations  are  carried  into  effect;  shall  exam- 
ine into  the  number  and  qualifications  of  the  hospital  officers,  report 
to  Congress  any  abuses  that  may  have  taken  place,  and  discharge  the 
supernumerary  officers,  if  there  be  any,  that  all  unnecessary  expense 
may  be  saved  to  the  public;  and  when  the  director-general  is  in  any 
particular  district  the  physician-general  and  surgeon-general  in  that 
district  shall  not  appoint  any  officers  without  his  consent; 

That  on  the  settlement  of  hospital  accounts  the  officers  entrusted 
with  public  money  shall  produce  vouchers  to  prove  the  expenditure, 
and  receipts  from  the  proper  officers  of  the  hospitals,  specifying  the 
delivery  of  the  stores  and  other  articles  purchased,  and  the  apothe- 
caries, mates,  stewards,  matrons,  and  other  officers  receiving  such 
stores  and  other  articles  shall  be  accountable  for  the  same,  and  shall 
produce  vouchers  for  the  delivery  thereof  from  such  officers,  and 
according  to  such  forms  as  the  physicians-general  and  surgeons-general 
have  directed,  or  shall  from  time  to  time  direct;  which  forms  and 


378      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

directions  the  physicians  and  surgeons  general  shall  report  to  the  board 
of  treasury; 

That  the  director-general,  or,  in  his  absence  from  the  district,  the 
physician-general  and  surgeon-general,  shall  appoint  a  ward  master  for 
each  hospital,  to  receive  the  arms,  accoutrements,  and  clothing  of  each 
soldier  admitted  therein,  keeping  entries  of  and  giving  receipts  for 
such  articles  which,  on  the  recovery  of  the  soldier,  shall  be  returned  to 
him,  or,  in  case  of  his  death,  the  arms  and  accoutrements  shall  be  deliv- 
ered to  the  commissary  or  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores  and 
receipts  be  taken  for  the  same;  and  the  ward  master  shall  receive  and 
be  accountable  for  the  hospital  clothing,  and  perform  such  other  serv- 
ices as  the  physician-general  or  surgeon-general  shall  direct; 

That  the  physician-general  and  surgeon -general  shall  hereafter  make 
no  returns  to  the  deputy  directors-general,  but  the  returns  shall  be 
made  by  the  said  officers  respectively  to  the  director-general,  who  shall 
carefully  transmit  copies  of  each  with  his  monthly  return  to  Congress, 
and  suspend  such  of  the  officers  aforesaid  as  neglect  this  or  any  other 
part  of  their  duty,  and  shall  report  their  names  to  Congress; 

That  the  director  and  deputy  directors-general  forthwith  prepare 
their  accounts  and  adjust  them  with  the  commissioners  of  claims; 

That  four  dollars  a  day  and  the  former  allowance  of  rations  be  here- 
after allowed  to  each  assistant  deputy  director  and  the  commissary  of 
the  hospitals  in  each  district;  and  one  dollar  a  day  and  two  rations  to 
each  ward  master. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Potts  be  called  from  the  northern  district  and 
appointed  to  act  as  deputy  director-general  in  the  middle  district. 

Resolved,  That  the  eldest  assistant  deputy  director  in  the  northern 
district  shall  execute  the  office  of  deputy  director-general  in  the  said 
district  until  the  further  orders  of  Congress; 

That  the  salaries  of  the  hospital  officers  and  debts  contracted  for  the 
hospitals  of  the  middle  district  to  the  time  of  Dr.  Potts's  entering  upon 
the  office  of  deputy  director-general  therein  shall  be  adjusted  and  paid 
by  the  director-general,  who  shall  deliver  all  the  public  stores  in  his 
possession  to  the  deputy  director-general  or  his  order,  taking  dupli- 
cate receipts  for  the  same  and  transmitting  one  of  each  to  the  board  of 
treasury;  and  the  same  rule  shall  be  observed  by  Dr.  Potts  with  respect 
to  the  salaries  and  debts  of  the  hospital  of  the  northern  district  and 
the  public  stores  thereof,  which  are  to  be  delivered  to  his  successor  in 
office  in  that  district. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  physician-general  in  the 
middle  district  in  the  room  of  Dr.  Rush,  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Dr.  William  Brown  was  elected. 

February  21,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  surgeon-general  be  appointed  for  the  hospital  in 
the  middle  department,  in  the  room  of  Dr.  Brown,  promoted;  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  Charles  McKnight  was  elected. 

Whereas  the  duty  of  the  person  who  executes  the  office  of  secretary 
and  paymaster  of  the  hospital  in  the  middle  department  is  important 
and  difficult. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  person  who  executes  those  offices  in 
the  hospital  in  the  middle  department  be  augmented  to  three  dollars 
a  day. 

March  9,  1778. — Dr.  Ammi  Ruhamah  Cutter's  resignation  was  accepted. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  379 

June  9,  1778. 

*  *  * 

Ji<  solved,  That  the  deputy  director-general  of  the  hospital  in  the 
eastern  department  shall,  as  heretofore,  in  the  absence  of  the  director- 
general,  supervise  the  medical  affairs  of  that  department  till  the  further 
order  of  Congress. 

.      August  U,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  9th  of  June  last 
authorizing  the  deputy  director-general  of  the  hospital  in  the  eastern 
department,  in  the  absence  of  the  director-general,  to  superintend  the 
medical  affairs  of  that  department  be,  and  it  is  hereb}7,  repealed;  and 
that  the  said  hospital  for  the  future  be  under  the  same  regulations  as 
the  hospitals  in  the  other  departments. 

Resolved,  That  the  director-general  be  directed  to  enquire  into  the 
state  of  the  hospital  in  the  eastern  department,  and  give  proper  orders 
for  the  good  government  and  economy  thereof,  and  discharge  unquali- 
fied and  supernumerary  officers,  if  any  there  be. 

October  20,  1778. 

Whereas,  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  April  22nd,  1777,  it  is  pro- 
vided that  the  several  commanding  officers  of  parties,  detachments,  or 
corps  on  their  march  to  or  from  camp  shall  send  to  the  military  hos- 
pitals such  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  as,  from  time  to  time,  are  unable 
to  proceed,  unless  from  the  distance  of  the  hospitals  or  other  causes  it 
shall  at  any  time  be  necessary  to  deliver  them  to  the  care  of  private 
physicians  or  surgeons,  in  which  cases  the  deputy  director-general 
shall  discharge  the  reasonable  demands  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons 
conducting,  agreeably  to  the  said  resolve. 

And  whereas  no  provision  is  therein  made  for  discharging  the 
accounts  of  other  persons  who  have  been  or  may  be  employed  by 
proper  officers  "for  taking  care  of  and  providing  for  such  officers  and 
soldiers; 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  directors-general,  respectively,  be  author- 
ized and  instructed  to  discharge  such  of  the  said  accounts  as  .shall 
appear  to  be  reasonable  and  just,  provided  that  each  person  who  may 
hereafter  be  employed  to  provide  for  officers  and  soldiers  as  aforesaid 
shall  give  earliest  notice  thereof  to  the  deputy  director-general,  or  the 
physician  or  surgeon-general  of  the  district,  in  order  for  the  speedy 
removal  to  the  military  hospitals. 

November  21>,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  all  officers  and  persons  employed  on  the  staff  shall 
receive  for  subsistence  money  one-third  of  a  dollar  for  each  extra 
ration  heretofore  allowed  them. 

January  23,  1779. 

Rexolved,  That  the  director-general  of  the  medical  department  be 
authorized  and  instructed  to  enjoin  the  several  deputy  directors,  phy- 
sicians, and  surgeons-general,  and  other  officers  under  his  superintend- 
ence to  attend  and  perform  such  duties,  at  any  post  or  place,  as  a 


380      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY 

change  of  the  position  of  the  Army,  or  other  circumstances,  may,  from 
time  to  time,  make  necessary,  and  shall  be  required  by  the  Commander 
in  Chief,  notwithstanding  such  deputy  director,  physician,  or  surgeon 
is,  by  the  general  arrangement  of  the  hospital,  attached  to  a  particular 
department;  and  that  in  case  of  any  dispute  concerning  their  seniority 
or  precedence,  the  director-general  shall  determine  the  same  in  the 
first  instance,  the  party  supposing  himself  aggrieved  being  at  liberty 
to  appeal  for  redress  to  the  medical  committee. 

Resolved,  That  the  director-general  be  authorized  and  instructed  to 
supply,  for  the  use  of  the  regimental  surgeons,  such  medicines  and 
refreshments  as  may  be  proper  for  the  relief  of  the  sick  and  wounded 
before  their  removal  to  a  general  hospital,  and  to  be  dispensed  under 
the  care  and  at  the  discretion  of  the  physician  and  Surgeon-General  of 
the  Army. 

March  10,  1779. — "Col.  C.  Hall  is  appointed  to  superintend  the  hospital  at  Bruns- 
wick and  relieve  Col.  Beauford."      (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle-Brook.) 

March  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army  be 
put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to 
arrests,  trials,  and  punishments. 

April  13,  1779. — "Lt.  Col.  Dabney  is  appointed  to  superintend  the  hospitals  in 
Jersey."     (Orders,  General  Headrjuarters,  Middle-Brook.) 

May  11, 1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  all  staff  officers  who  serve  with  the  Army 
shall  be  allowed  clothing  on  the  same  conditions  as  officers  in  the  line, 
provided  they  engage  for  a  year  or  longer. 

May  18,  1779. — "Major  Stevenson  is  appointed  to  relieve  Col.  Dabney  in  the 
superintendency  of  the  hospitals  in  New  Jersey."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Middle- Brook.) 

June  2, 1779. — "Lieutenant-Col.  Simms,  is  appointed  to  superintend  the  hospitals  in 
Pennsylvania."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle-Brook.)      * 

June  12,  1779. — Dr.  John  Morgan,  director-general  and  chief  physician  of  the 
general  hospitals  of  the  United  States,  was  removed  January  9,  1777,  by  reason  of 
the  general  complaints  of  persons  of  all  ranks  in  the  Army,  but  on  the  report  of  the 
medical  committee  to  Congress  August  9,  1777,  that  body  resolved,  June  12,  1779, 
"That  Congress  are  satisfied  with  the  conduct  of  Dr.  John  Morgan  while  acting  as 
director-general  and  physician  in  chief  in  the  general  hospitals  of  the  United  States," 
and  ordered  the  publication  of  the  resolution. 

August  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  half  pay  provided  by  the  resolution  of  the  15th 
of  May,  1778,  be  extended  to  continue  for  life;  and  that  the  holding 
of  a  civil  office  under  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them,  shall  be  no 
bar  to  prevent  any  officer  from  receiving  the  same. 

August  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  until  further  order  of  Congress  the  said  officers  [of 
the  Army]  be  entitled  to  receive  monthly  for  their  subsistence  money 
the  sums  following,  to  wit:  Each  colonel,  .  .  .  500  dollars;  every 
lieutenant-colonel,  400  dollars;  every  major,  .  .  .  300  dollars; 
every  captain,  200  dollars;  every  lieutenant,  ensign,  and  surgeon's  mate, 
100  dollars. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  381 

Rewired,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  sum  of  10 
dollars  be  paid  to  every  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  monthly 
for  their  subsistence  in  lieu  of  those  articles  ot  food  originally  intended 
for  them  and  not  furnished. 

August  30,  1779. — "Lt.  Col.  Adams  is  appointed  to  superintend  the  hospitals  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Jersey."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore' s  House.) 

October  24,  1779. — "  Lieutenant  Colonel  Williams  is  appointed  to  superintend  the 
hospital  in  Albany."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore' 's  House.) 

October,  27,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  director-general,  each  of  the  deputy  directors- 
general,  each  physician  and  surgeon-general,  each  senior  physician  and 
surgeon,  each  junior  surgeon,  each  apothecary -general  .  .  .  each 
apothecary's  assistant  in  the  hospital  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
entitled  to  draw  clothing  annually  from  the  stores  of  the  clothier- 
general  in  the  same  manner  and  under  the  same  regulations  as  are 
established  for  officers  of  the  line  by  a  resolution  of  the  26th  day  of 
November,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  said  officers 
of  the  military  hospital  shall  also  be  entitled  to  subsistence  in  like 
manner  as  is  granted  to  officers  of  the  line,  to  be  estimated  in  the  fol- 
lowing ratio: 

1st.  The  director-general  to  receive  the  same  subsistence  as  a  colonel 
in  the  line. 

2d.  The  deputy  directors-general,  the  physicians,  surgeons,  and 
apothecaries  general,  the  same  as  lieutenant-colonels. 

3d.  The  senior  physicians  and  surgeons,  the  same  as  majors. 

The  junior  surgeons  and  apothecaries'  assistants,  the  same  as  cap- 
tains,    .     .     .     and  to  commence  from  the  said  18th  day  of  August. 

Resolved,  That  the  mates  of  the  military  hospital  shall,  during 
service,  be  entitled  to  the  same  subsistence  as  is  given  to  regimental 
surgeons'  mates  by  the  resolution  of  the  18th  day  of  August  last. 

October  28,  1779. — Resolution  of  October  27,  relative  to  Medical  Department  recon- 
sidered and  recommitted  to  the  Medical  Committee. 

November  W,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  director-general,  deputy  directors-general,  the 
assistant  deputy  directors,  the  physicians  and  surgeons-general  of  the 
hospitals  and  Army,  the  senior  surgeons,  the  second  or  junior  sur- 
geons, the  apothecaries-general  and  apothecaries'  mates  or  assistants, 
the  hospital  chaplains,  regimental  surgeons  and  mates,  mates  of  the 
military  hospitals,  commissaries,  assistant  commissaries,  paymasters 
and  stewards  of  the  hospital  who  shall  have  been  in  the  service  for  the 
space  of  one  year,  and  are  at  present  employed  in  the  same,  shall  each 
be  entitled  annually  to  draw  clothing  from  the  stores  of  the  clothier- 
general  in  the  same  manner  and  under  the  same  regulations  as  are 
established  for  officers  of  the  line  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  on  the 
26th  day  of  November,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  following 
officers  of  the  military  hospital  shall  be  entitled  to  subsistence  in  like 
manner  as  is  granted  to  officers  of  the  line  by  a  resolution  of  the  18th 
day  of  August  last,  and  in  the  following  proportions,  viz:  Each  deputy 


382       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AKMY. 

director-general,  500  dollars  per  month;  each  assistant  deputy  director, 
400  dollars;  each  physician-general  and  surgeon-general,  500  dollars; 
each  physician  and  surgeon-general,  500  dollars;  each  senior  surgeon, 
400  dollars;  each  junior  surgeon,  300  dollars;  each  apothecary-general, 
400  dollars;  each  apothecary's  assistant  or  mate,  100  dollars;  each  com- 
missary, 300  dollars;  each  commissary's  assistant,  200  dollars;  each 
clerk,  who  is  to  be  paymaster,  200  dollars;  each  steward,  100  dol- 
lars;    .     .     . 

The  same  to  commence  from  the  18th  day  of  August  last. 

Resolved,  That  all  mates  necessarily  employed  in  the  military  hospi- 
tal or  Army  shall,  during  service,  be  entitled  to  the  same  subsistence  as 
is  given  to  regimental  mates,  viz,  100  dollars  per  month. 

November  22,  1779. — The  medical  committee  was  instructed  to  revise  the  several 
resolutions  relating  to  the  hospital  department,  digest  and  arrange  them  with  such 
amendments  as  will  make  the  whole  consistent  and  conformable  to  the  alterations 
made  by  Congress  in  the  original  system. 

November  22,  1779. — "Major  Cochrane,  of  the  New  York  troops,  is  appointed  to 
relieve  Lieutenant-Colonel  Williams,  superintending  the  hospital  at  Albany." 
{Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Moore's  House.) 

November  26,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  returns  for  clothing  for  officers  in  the  medical 
staff  (regimental  surgeons  and  their  mates,  who  are  to  draw  with  the 
regimental  staff,  excepted)  be  signed  by  the  director-general  or  the 
physician-general  and  surgeon-general  of  the  district,  and  such  clothing 
shall  be  delivered  either  by  the  clothier-general,  or  any  subclothier  in 
the  State  in  which  the  officer  to  receive  clothing  shall  reside,  as  is  pro- 
vided in  the  cases  of  other  staff  officers  not  taken  from  the  line. 

December  8, 1779. — "Doctor  Latimer  [is]  appointed  a  senior  surgeon  in  the  flying 
hospital."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristaum.) 

December  24,  1779. — "The  honorable  the  Board  of  War,  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers 
of  the  .  .  .  staff,  who  are  not  adopted  by  any  State:  The  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  them  upon  returns  signed  by  the  .  .  .  heads  of  the  following  corps  and 
departments  at  the  rate  directed  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  November 
last,  .  .  .  surgeons  of  the  general  and  flying  hospital  .  .  ."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

January  27,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  issuing  commissaries  be  respectively 
directed  not  to  deliver  rations  or  parts  of  rations  to  any  hospital  com- 
missary, unless  on  returns  signed  by  him  and  countersigned  by  the 
principal  physician  or  surgeon  of  the  respective  hospitals,  specifying 
the  names  and  stations  of  the  persons  for  whom,  and  for  what  time, 
the  rations  are  drawn,  and  that  the  hospital  commissary  be  also  required 
to  annex  to  each  ration  the  receipts  of  the  persons  to  whom  he  shall 
have  delivered  the  provisions  drawn  on  the  last  return. 

February^,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Doctor  David  Oliphant,  director-general  of  the  hos- 
pitals in  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to 
make  monthly  returns  to  the  medical  committee,  agreeable  to  the  reso- 
lutions of  Congress  of  the  Tth  of  April,  1779,  and  that  he  cause  a 
duplicate  thereof  to  be  delivered  monthly  to  the  commanding  officer, 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  383 

for  the  time  being,  of  the  southern  army,  and  that  the  director-general 
of  the  hospitals  to  the  Army  of  the  United  States  be  furnished  with  a 
cop}r  of  this  resolution. 

March  23,  17S0. — "A  subaltern  officer  from  Genl.  Hand's  brigade  is  to  be  sent  to 
Phukemin  to-morrow  to  superintend  the  hospital  there  in  place  of  Lieut.  Leonard." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

May  23,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  director-general,  or  in  his  absence,  deputy 
director-general,  of  the  hospitals  in  the  eastern  district,  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  directed  to  have  a  suitable  house  at  or  near  the  post  of  New 
London,  in  the  State  of  Connecticut,  for  the  reception  of  such  sick 
American  prisoners  as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  exchanged  and 
landed  in  that  neighborhood,  and  that  one  senior  surgeon  or  physician 
and  a  suitable  number  of  mates  be  occasionally  employed  therein,  as 
the  number  of  sick  shall  increase  or  diminish. 

June  26,  1780. 

Whereas  it  is  represented  by  the  medical  committee  that  difficulties 
arise  in  the  hospital  department  from  the  arrest  of  the  director-general, 

Resolved,  therefore,  That  the  medical  committee  be,  and  are  nereby, 
authorized  to  take  proper  measures  for  carrying  on  the  business  of  the 
said  department,  and  that  all  medical  gentlemen  and  others  attached  to 
the  said  department  pay  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the  said  committee. 

June  26,  1780. — Dr.  William  iShippen,  jr.,  was  charged,  June  15,  1779,  with  mal- 
practice and  misconduct  in  office.  He  was  tried,  but  acquitted,  and  restored  to  his 
position  a.s  director-general  October  6,  1780. 

July  6,  1780. — "Doctor  Hagan,  senior  surgeon  in  the  general  hospital,  is  appointed 
to  <li>  duty  in  that  capacity  in  the  flying  hospital."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Pracaness.) 

July  14,  1780. — "Colonel  Spencer  is  appointed  to  superintend  the  hospitals  in  Jer- 
sey."    (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Pracaness.) 

July  21,  1780.  Congress  accepted  the  resignation  of  Dr.  W.  Brown,  physician- 
general. 

August  22,  1780. 

Whereas  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  effectually  to  prevent  the 
destruction,  waste,  embezzlement,  and  misapplication  of  the  public 
stores  .  .  .  upon  which  the  existence  of  the  armies  of  these  United 
States  may  depend,  and  no  adequate  provision  hath  been  made  for  the 
just  punishment  of  delinquents  in  the  departments  of  the  .  .  . 
purveyor  of  the  hospitals,     .     .     .     therefore, 

Resolved,  That  every  person  in  any  of  the  said  departments  intrusted 
with  the  care  of  provisions  or  military  or  hospital  stores,  or  other 
property  of  these  United  States,  who  shall  be  convicted  at  a  general 
court-martial  of  having  sold,  without  a  proper  order  for  that  purpose, 
embezzled,  or  willfully  misapplied,  damaged,  or  spoiled,  any  of  the 
provisions,  horses,  forage,  arms,  clothing,  ammunition,  or  other  mili- 
tary or  hospital  stores,  or  property  belonging  to  the  United  States  of 
America,  shall  suffer  death  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be 
directed  by  a  general  court-martial,  according  to  the  nature  and  degree 
of  the  offense,  at  the  discretion  of  such  court;  and  every  person  in 
any  of  the  said  departments,  intrusted  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  be  con- 


384       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

victed  at  a  general  court-martial  of  having  through  neglect  suffered 
any  of  the  articles  aforesaid  to  be  wasted,  spoiled,  or  damaged,  shall 
suffer  such  punishment  as  the  said  court  shall  in  their  discretion  direct. 
according  to  the  degree  of  the  offense. 

8qptemier90,  1780. 

Whereas  the  late  regulations  for  conducting  the  affairs  of  the  gen- 
eral hospital  are  in  many  respects  defective,  and  it  is  necessary  that 
the  same  be  revised  and  amended  in  order  that  the  sick  and  wounded 
may  be  properly  provided  for  and  attended,  and  the  business  of  the 
hospitals  conducted  with  regularity  and  economy:  Therefore. 

iteadUoecLi  That  there  be  one  director  of  the  military  hospitals,  who 
shall  have  the  general  direction  and  superintendence  of  all  the  hospi- 
tals to  the  northward  of  North  Carolina;  that  within  the  aforesaid 
limits  there  be  three  chief  hospital  physicians,  who  shall  also  be  sur- 
geons: one  chief  physician,  who  shall  also  be  a  surgeon,  to  each  sepa- 
rate army:  fifteen  hospital  physicians,  who  shall  also  be  surgeons; 
twenty  surgeons*  mates  for  the  hospitals;  one  purveyor,  with  one 
a>>istant:  one  apothecary:  one  assistant  apothecary;  and  to  each  hos- 
pital, a  steward,  matron,  orderly  men.  and  nurses,  as  heretofore. 

That  the  director,  or,  in  his  absence,  one  of  the  chief  hospital  phy- 
sicians, be  empowered  and  required,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
commander  in  chief,  or  commander  of  a  separate  army,  to  establish 
and  regulate  such  a  number  of  hospitals,  at  proper  places,  for  the 
reception  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  army,  as  may  be  found 
necessary. 

That  the  director  be  authorized  and  instructed  to  enjoin  the  several 
chief  hospital  physicians,  and  other  officers  of  the  hospitals  under  his 
superintendence,  to  attend  at  such  posts  or  stations  as  he  may  judge 
proper,  and  also  to  attend  and  perform  such  duties  at  any  post  or 
place  as  a  change  of  the  position  of  the  army  or  other  circumstances 
may  from  time  to  time  make  necessary  and  shall  be  required  by  the 
Commander  in  Chief;  and  that  in  case  of  any  dispute  concerning  their 
seniority  or  precedence,  the  director  shall  determine  the  same  in  the 
first  instance,  the  party  supposing  himself  aggrieved  being  at  liberty 
to  appeal  for  redress  to  the  medical  committee. 

That  in  time  of  action,  and  on  any  other  emergency,  when  the  regi- 
mental surgeons  are  not  sufficient  in  number  to  attend  properly  to  the 
sick  and  wounded  that  can  not  be  removed  to  the  hospitals,  the  director, 
or,  in  his  absence,  the  nearest  chief  hospital  physician,  be  empowered 
and  required,  upon  request  of  the  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the 
Army,  to  send  from  the  hospitals  under  his  care,  to  the  assistance  of 
such  sick  and  wounded,  as  many  surgeons  as  can  possibly  be  spared 
from  the  necessary  business  of  the  hospitals. 

That  the  director,  or,  in  his  absence,  two  of  the  chief  hospital  physi- 
cians, shall  make  out  and  deliver,  from  time  to  time,  to  the  purveyor, 
proper  estimates  of  hospital  stores,  medicines,  instruments,  dressings, 
and  such  other  articles  as  may  be  judged  necessary  for  the  use  of  the 
hospitals;  also  direct  the  apothecary  or  his  assistant  to  prepare  and 
deliver  medicines,  instruments,  dressings,  and  other  articles  in  his  pos- 
session to  the  hospitals  and  surgeons  of  the  Army  and  Navy  as  he  or 
they  may  judge  necessarv. 

That  the  director  authorize  and  instruct  the  purveyor  and  apothe- 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  385 

cary  to  supply,  for  the  use  of  the  regimental  surgeon*,  such  medicines 
and  refreshments  as  may  be  proper  for  the  relief  of  the  sick  and 
wounded  before  their  removal  to  a  general  hospital,  and  to  be  dis- 
pensed under  the  care  and  at  the  direction  of  the  chief  physician  of  the 
Army. 

That  the  director,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  chief  hospital  physicians, 
respectively,  be  empowered  occasionally  to  employ  second  mates  when 
the  number  of  the  sick  shall  increase  so  as  to  make  it  necessary,  and 
to  discharge  them  as  soon  as  the  circumstances  of  the  sick  will  admit. 
•That  the  director,  or.  in  his  absence,  the  chief  hospital  physicians, 
respectively,  shall  appoint  a  ward  master  for  each  hospital  to  receive 
the  spare  regimental  arms,  accoutrements,  and  clothing  of  each  soldier 
admitted  therein:  keeping  entries  of  and  giving  receipts  for  every  article 
received,  which,  when  the  soldiers  shall  be  discharged,  shall  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  said  ward  master  with  the  commanding  officer  of 
the  regiment  to  which  such  soldier  belonged  or  the  officer  directed  to 
take  charge  of  the  convalescents  from  the  said  hospital:  or.  in  case  of 
the  death  of  the  soldier,  shall  be  accounted  for  with  and  delivered  to 
the  quartermaster  of  the  regiment  to  which  the  said  soldier  belonged: 
and  the  ward  master  shall  receive  and  be  accountable  for  the  hospital 
clothing  and  perform  such  other  services  as  the  chief  hospital  physician 
shall  direct. 

That  the  director  shall  make  returns  of  all  the  sick  and  wounded  in 
the  hospitals  once  every  month  to  the  medical  committee,  together  with 
the  names  and  ranks  of  all  the  officers  and  others  employed  in  the  sev- 
eral hospitals. 

That  the  director  be  required  to  employ  such  part  of  his  time  as  may 
be  spared  from  the  duties  before  pointed  out  to  him  in  visiting  and 
prescribing  for  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  hospitals,  and  that  he  pay 
particular  attention  to  the  conduct  of  the  several  officers  in  the  hospital 
department,  and  arrest,  suspend,  and  bring  to  trial  all  delinquents 
within  the  same. 

That  the  duty  of  the  chief  hospital  physicians  shall  be  to  do  and 
perform  all  the  duties  hereinbefore  enjoined  them  to  do  in  the  absence 
of  the  director;  to  receive  and  obey  the  orders  of  the  director  made 
and  delivered  to  them  in  writing:  to  superintend  the  practice  of  physic 
and  surgery  in  the  hospitals  put  under  their  particular  care  by  the 
director,  or  which .  by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  the  com- 
mander of  a  separate  army,  may  be  by  them  established;  to  see  that 
the  hospital  physicians  and  other  officers  attending  the  same  do  their 
duty:  and  make  monthly  returns  to  the  director  of  the  state  and  num- 
ber of  the  sick  and  wounded  in  the  hospitals  under  their  care:  and 
also  make  returns  to  the  director  and  to  the  medical  committee  of  all 
delinquent  officers  in  order  that  they  may  be  speedily  removed  or  pun- 
ished; and  to  take  measures  that  all  such  sick  and  wounded  as  are 
recovered  and  fit  for  duty  be  delivered  weekly  to  the  officer  of  the 
guard  to  be  conducted  to  the  Army:  when  present  at  any  hospital  to 
te  orders  to  the  proper  officers  for  supplying  them  with  necessaries: 
and  generally,  in  the  absence  of  the  director,  to  superintend  and 
control  the  business  of  such  hospitals,  suspend  delinquent  and  remove 
unnecessary  noncommissioned  officers  making  report  to  the  director: 
and  when  in  their  power  to  attend  and  perform  or  direct  all  capital 
operation-. 

That  the  hospital  phy-ician-  -hall  take  rhargv  of  >uch  particular 

12 :id 


386       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

hospitals  as  may  be  assigned  them  by  the  director.  They  shall  obey 
the  orders  of  the  director,  or  in  his  absence  of  the  chief  hospital 
physician.  They  shall  have  power  to  suspend  officers  under  them,  and 
to  confine  other  persons  in  the  hospitals  serving  under  their  charge  for 
negligence  or  ill  behavior  until  the  matter  be  regularly  inquired  into. 
They  shall  diligently  attend  to  the  cases  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the 
hospitals  under  their  care,  administering  at  all  times  proper  relief,  as 
far  as  may  be  in  their  power.  They  shall,  respectively,  give  orders, 
under  their  hands,  to  the  assistant  purveyor  or  steward  at  the  hospital, 
for  the  issuing  provisions  and  stores,  as  well  as  for  the  procuring  any 
other  small  articles  that  the  exigencies  of  the  hospital  may  require  and 
which  the  store  is  not  provided  with,  having  always  a  strict  regard  to 
economy,  as  well  as  the  welfare  of  the  sick  then  to.be  provided  for. 
They  shall  make  weekly  returns  to  the  nearest  chief  hospital  physician 
of  the  state  of  the  hospitals  under  their  respective  care. 

The  mates  shall  each  take  charge  of  and  attend  the  patients  assigned 
them,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  shall  be  directed  by  the  director, 
chief,  or  other  physicians  and  surgeons. 

The  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Army  shall  be  subject  to  the 
orders  and  control  of  the  director.  His  duty  shall  be  to  superintend 
the  regimental  surgeons  and  their  mates,  to  see  that  they  do  their  duty; 
to  hear  all  complaints  against  the  said  regimental  surgeons  and  mates, 
and  make  report  of  them  to  the  director,  or  in  his  absence  to  the 
Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army,  that 
they  may  be  brought  to  trial  by  court-martial  for  misbehavior;  to 
draw  for  and  receive  from  the  purve}ror  a  suitable  number  of  large, 
strong  tents,  beds,  bedding,  and  hospital  stores,  and  from  the  apothe- 
cary or  his  assistant  proper  medicines  for  such  sick  and  wounded  per- 
sons as  cannot  be  removed  to  the  general  hospital  with  safety  or  ma}T 
be  rendered  fit  for  duty  in  a  short  time.  He  shall  also  see  that  the 
sick  and  wounded  while   under  his  care  are  properly  attended  and 

Erovided  for,  and  conveyed,  when  fit  to  be  removed,  to  the  general 
ospital,  for  which  last  purpose  he  shall  be  supplied  by  the  Quarter- 
master-General with  a  proper  number  of  convenient  wagons  and  drivers. 
He  shall  have  a  steward,  whom  he  is  to  appoint,  to  receive  and  properly 
dispense  such  articles  of  diet  and  refreshments  as  shall  be  procured  for 
the  sick,  and  also  shall  appoint  such  a  number  of  nurses  and  orderly 
men  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  attendance  of  the  sick  and  wounded 
under  his  care.  He  shall  cause  daily  returns  to  be  made  to  him  of  all 
the  sick  and  wounded  which  have  been  removed  to  the  hospitals,  all 
that  remain  in  the  hospital  tents,  all  that  are  become  fit  for  duty, 
all  that  are  convalescent,  and  all  who  may  have  died,  specifying  the 
particular  maladies  under  which  the  sick  and  wounded  labor,  and  shall 
make  a  monthly  return  thereof  to  the  director,  who  shall  add  it  to  his 
general  hospital  returns  to  be  transmitted  monthly  to  the  medical 
committee. 

That  whenever  any  regimental  surgeon  or  mate  shall  bo  absent  from 
his  regiment  without  leave  from  the  chief  physician  and  surgeon  or 
commander  of  the  army  where  his  duty  lies  the  said  chief  physician 
and  surgeon  shall  have  power  to  remove  such  surgeon  or  mate  and 
forthwith  appoint  another  in  his  stead. 

That  the  purveyor  provide  or  cause  to  be  provided  all  hospital 
stores,  medicines,  instruments,  dressings,  utensils,  and  such  other 
articles  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  written  order  of  the  director  or 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  387 

two  of  the  chief  hospital  physicians,  and  deliver  or  cause  the  same  to 
be  delivered,  upon  written  orders,  under  the  hand  of  the  director, 
chief  hospital  physician,  or  one  of  the  hospital  physicians  having  the 
charge  of  a  particular  hospital  or  of  the  chief  plrysician  and  surgeon 
of  the  Army,  which,  with  receipts  thereon  for  delivery  of  the  same, 
shall  bo  his  sufficient  vouchers.  He  shall  be  allowed  a  clerk  and  as 
many  storekeepers  as  occasion  may  require  and  the  director  shall 
approve  of.  He  shall  also  pay  the  salaries  of  the  officers  and  all  other 
expenses  of  the  hospitals.  He  shall  render  his  accounts  every  three 
months  to  the  board  of  treasury  for  settlement,  and  make  application 
for  money  to  the  medical  committee,  before  whom  he  shall  lay  esti- 
mates of  articles  necessary,  which  shall  previously  have  been  approved 
and  signed  by  the  director  or  two  of  the  chief  hospital  physicians.  At 
the  same  time  he  shall  render  to  them  an  account  of  the  expenditure 
of  the  last  sum  of  money  advanced  to  him;  and  the  said  medical  com- 
mittee shall  lay  such  estimates  before  Congress  with  their  opinion 
thereon. 

That  the  assistant  purveyor  shall  procure  such  supplies  and  do  and 
perform  such  parts  of  the  purveyor's  dut}r  as  by  him  shall  be  particu- 
larly assigned  to  him. 

That  the  apothecary  and  his  assistants  receive,  prepare,  and  deliver 
medicines,  instruments,  and  dressings,  and  such  other  articles  of  his 
department  to  the  hospitals  and  Army  on  orders  in  writing  from  the 
director,  or  either  of  the  chief  hospital  physicians,  or  chief  physician 
or  surgeon  of  the  Arary;  and  that  he  be  allowed  as  many  mates  as 
occasion  may  require  and  the  director  shall  approve  of. 

That  the  director,  or  in  his  absence  the  chief  hospital  physician, 
shall  appoint  a  steward  for  each  hospital,  whose  duty  it  snail  be  to 
purchase  vegetables  and  other  small  articles,  under  the  direction  of  the 
purveyor,  and  to  receive  hospital  stores  from  the  purveyor  and  provi- 
sions from  the  Commissary -General  and  issue  the  same  for  the  use  of 
the  sick  and  wounded  agreeably  to  the  order  of  the  plrysician  and  sur- 
geon attending  such  hospital,  the  steward  to  account  with  the  purveyor 
for  all  such  issues. 

That  the  director,  or  in  his  absence  the  chief  hospital  physician, 
appoint  a  proper  number  of  matrons,  nurses,  and  others  necessary  for 
the  regular  management  of  the  hospitals  and  hx  and  ascertain  their 
pay,  not  exceeding  the  sums  heretofore  allowed,  and  point  out  and 
prescribe  their  particular  duties  and  employments  in  writing,  which 
they  are  enjoined  to  observe  and  obey. 

That  the  director,  with  two  chief  hospital  physicians,  be  empowered 
to  fix  the  pay  of  second  mates  and  of  such  clerks,  storekeepers,  and 
other  persons  as  may  occasionally  be  employed,  and  also  make  such 
regulations  and  point  out  and  enjoin  in  writing  such  further  particular 
duties  for  the  several  officers  of  the  hospital  department  as  they  may 
judge  necessary  for  the  regular  management  of  the  same,  which  duties 
shall  always  be  consistent  with,  and  in  no  wise  contradictory  to,  any 
of  the  duties  hereinbefore  particularly  enumerated,  and  which,  being 
reported  to  and  approved  or  by  the  medical  committee,  shall  thereupon 
Ix-rome-obligatory  to  all  those  concerned. 

That  the  Quartermaster-General  furnish  the  hospital  department 
from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  with  such  a  number  of 
bones  and  wagons  as  may  be  accessary  for  removing  the  sick  and 
wounded  and  for  transporting  the  hospital  stores,  but  that  no  other 


388       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

horses  than  those  belonging  to  the  officers  of  the  department,  for 
which  forage  may  be  herein  allowed,  be  kept  separately  and  at  the 
expense  of  the  department. 

That  no  person  concerned  in  trade  on  his  own  account  shall  be  suf- 
fered to  act  as  an  officer  in  the  hospital  or  Medical  Department  of  the 
Army. 

That  no  officer  or  other  person  in  the  hospital  department,  except 
the  sick  and  wounded,  be  permitted  to  use  any  of  the  stores  provided 
for  the  sick. 

That  the  director,  chief  hospital  physicians,  and  the  chief  physicians 
and  surgeons  of  the  Army,  physicians  and  surgeons,  purveyor,  apothe- 
cary, assistant  purveyor,  and  assistant  apothecary,  be  appointed  and 
commissioned  by  Congress,  the  regimental  surgeons  and  mates  to  be 
appointed  as  heretofore. 

That  the  director,  with  the  advice  and  concurrence  of  two  of  the 
chief  hospital  physicians,  appoint  all  hospital  mates,  which  appoint- 
ments shall  be  certified  by  warrants  under  the  hand  of  the  director;  in 
which  appointments  no  person  shall  be  admitted  under  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years. 

That  all  the  officers  in  the  hospital  or  medical  department  shall  be 
subjected  to  trial  by  courts-martial  for  all  offences  in  the  same  manner 
as  officers  in  the  line  of  the  Army.  t 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  and  establishment  of  the  officers  of  the  hos- 
pital department  and  medical  staff  be  as  follows: 

Director,  150  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  for  himself,  and  one  for 
his  servant,  per  day,  and  forage  for  two  horses. 

Chief  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  Army  and  hospitals,  each  140 
dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per  day,  and  forage  for  two  horses. 

Purveyor  and  apothecary,  each  130  dollars  per  month. 

Physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  hospitals,  each  120  dollars  per  month, 
1  ration  per  day,  and  forage  for  one  horse. 

Assistant  purveyors  and  apothecaries,  each  75  dollars  per  month. 

Regimental  surgeons,  each  65  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per  day, 
and  forage  for  one  horse. 

Surgeon's  mates  in  the  hospitals,  50  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per 
day. 

Surgeon's  mates  in  the  Army,  45  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per  day. 

Steward  for  each  hospital,  35  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per  day. 

Ward  master  for  each  hospital,  25  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per 
day. 

Resolved,  That  none  of  the  aforesaid  officers  or  any  persons  employed 
in  any  of  the  hospitals  be  entitled  to  rations,  or  provision,  or  forage 
when  on  furlough. 

Resolved,  That  the  chief  physician  of  the  Army  be  allowed  a  two- 
horse  covered  wagon  for  transporting  his  baggage. 

That  the  several  officers  above  mentioned  snail  receive  their  pay  in 
the  new  currency,  emitted  pursuant  to  a  resolution  of  Congress  on  the 
18th  day  of  March  last;  and  that  they  be  allowed  and  paid  at  the  rate 
of  five  dollars  of  said  currency  per  month  for  every  retained  ration; 
and  shall  each  be  entitled  annually  to  draw  clothing  from  the  stores  of 
the  clothier-general,  in  the  same  manner  and  under  the  same  regula- 
tions as  are  established  for  officers  in  the  line,  by  a  resolution  of  Con- 
gress of  the  25th  of  November,  1779. 

That  the  returns  for  clothing  for  officers  in  the  medical  staff  (regi- 
mental surgeons  and  their  mates,  who  are  to  draw  with  the  regimental 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  389 

staff,  excepted)  be  signed  by  the  director  or  one  of  the  chief  hospital 
physicians;  and  such  clothing  shall  be  delivered  either  by  the  clothier- 
general  or  any  subclothier  in  the  State  in  which  the  officer  to  receive 
clothing  shall  reside,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  provided  in  the  cases  of 
other  staff  officers  not  taken  from  the  line. 

That  the  several  officers  whose  pay  is  established  as  above  (except 
the  stewards  and  ward  masters)  shall  at  the  end  of  the  war  be  entitled 
to  a  certain  provision  of  land,  in  the  proportion  following,  viz: 

The  director  to  have  the  same  quantity  as  a  brigadier-general. 

Chief  physician  and  purveyor,  the  same  as  a  colonel. 

Physicians  and  surgeons  and  apothecary,  the  same  as  a  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

Regimental  surgeons  and  assistants  to  the  purveyor  and  apothecary, 
the  same  as  a  major. 

Hospital  and  regimental  surgeon's  mates,  the  same  as  a  captain. 

That  the  former  arrangements  of  the  hospital  department,  and  all 
resolutions  heretofore  passed  touching  the  same,  so  far  as  they  are 
inconsistent  with  the  foregoing,  be  repealed,  excepting  that  the  hospi- 
tals in  the  Southern  Department,  from  North  Carolina  to  Georgia, 
inclusive,  be  continued  under  the  same  regulations  as  heretofore,  until 
the  further  order  of  Congress. 

October  6,  1780. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  Hospital  Depart- 
ment, and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Doctor  William  Shippen,  jr.,  was  elected  director-general; 

Doctor  John  Cochran,  chief  physician  and  surgeon  o*  the  Army; 

Dr.  James  Craik, 

Doctor  Malachi  Treat, 

Doctor  Charles  McKnight,  chief  hospital  physicians. 

October  7,  1780. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  Hospital  Depart- 
ment, and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Thomas  Bond,  jr.,  was  elected  purveyor; 
Isaac  Ledyard,  assistant  purveyor; 
Doctor  Andrew  Craigie,  apothecary; 
William  Johonot,  assistant  apothecary; 
Doctors  James  Tilton, 

Samuel  Adams, 

Davis  Townshend, 

Henry  Latimer, 

Francis  Hagan, 

Philip  Turner, 

William  Burnet, 

John  Warren, 

Moses  Scott, 

David  Jackson, 

Bodo  Otto, 

Moses  Bloomficld, 

William  Eustis, 

George  Draper, 

Barnabas  Bmney,  hospital  physicians  and  surgeons. 


390      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

October  7, ,1780. — Dr.  Matthew  Maus  was  appointed  surgeon  to  the  regiment  of  inva- 
lids, and  Col.  Nicola  was  authorized  to  appoint  a  proper  surgeon's  mate  to  the  regi- 
ment when  the  number  of  sick  shall  make  it  necessary. 

October  28,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  director  of  the  hospitals,  the  chief  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  the  hospitals  and  the  Army,  and  the  other  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  the  hospitals,  and  also  the  purveyor,  apothecaiy,  and  their 
respective  assistants,  and  the  stewards,  do  severally  take  the  oaths  or 
affirmations  directed  by  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  February  3d,  1778, 
and  deposit  duplicate  certificates  of  taking  the  same  with  the  medical 
committee  as  soon  as  possible;  that  the  said  officers,  respectively,  be 
subject  to  the  pains  and  penalties  mentioned  in  the  resolution  of  the 
above  date  for  neglecting  to  take  the  said  oaths  or  affirmations;  and 
that  the  director  of  the  hospitals  take  measures  for  carrying  this  reso- 
lution into  immediate  effect. 

November  24,  1780. — Dr.  Shippen  was  directed  to  repair  to  headquarters  and  put 
himself  under  the  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief;  his  resignation  was  accepted 
January  3,  1781. 

December  7,  1780. — Dr.  John  Warren  accepted  office  of  hospital  physician. 

December  9,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  the  purveyor  and  apothecary  be  directed  to  issue 
medicines  and  refreshments  necessary  for  the  transient  sick  which 
may  be  from  time  to  time  under  the  care  of  Doctor  Maus,  as  is  done 
in  the  general  hospital,  he  making  returns  of  such  sick  in  the  manner 
directed  in  the  hospital  regulations  to  the  director  and  signing  receipts 
for  such  stores  as  are  issued  to  him. 

Ordered,  That  Doctor  Maus  report  to  the  commanding  officer  at  the 
barracks  such  officers  as  are  appointed  to  act  under  him  as  surgeons 
to  the  transient  sick,  in  case  of  misdemeanor,  in  order  that  they  may 
be  tried  for  misconduct  or  neglect  of  duty  by  a  garrison  court-martial. 

December  13, 1780. — Congress  accepted  the  resignations  of  Drs.  Bloomfield  and  Scott, 
two  hospital  physicians. 

December  31,  1780. — "A  field  officer  from  the  Pennsylvania  line  to  relieve  Col. 
Spencer  in  the  superintendency  of  the  hospitals  in  New  Jersey.  He  will  receive  the 
standing  instructions  from  Col.  Spencer."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  [noplace 
given.']  ) 

January  17,  1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  director  of  the  military  hos- 
pital, and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  John  Cochran  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 

by  Mr.  Varnum. 

*  *  * 

Whereas  by  the  plan  for  conducting  the  Hospital  Department  passed 
in  Congress  the  30th  day  of  September  last  no  proper  establishment 
is  provided  for  the  officers  of  the  medical  staff  after  their  dismission 
from  public  service,  which,  considering  the  custom  of  other  nations 
and  the  late  provision  made  for  the  officers  of  the  Army  after  the  con- 
clusion of  the  war,  they  appear  to  have  a  just  claim  to,  for  remedy 
whereof,  and  also  for  amending  several  parts  of  the  above-mentioned 
plan: 

Resolved,  That  all  officers  in  the  Hospital  Department  and  medical 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  391 

staff  hereinafter  mentioned  who  shall  continue  in  service  to  the  end 
of  the  war  or  be  reduced  before  that  time  as  supernumeraries  shall  be 
entitled  to  and  receive  during  life,  in  lieu  of  half  pay,  the  following 
allowances,  viz: 

The  director  of  the  hospital,  equal  to  the  half  pay  of  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  ; 

Chief  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  Army  and  hospital  and  hospital 
physicians  and  surgeons,  purveyor,  apothecaiy,  and  regimental  sur- 
geons, each  equal  to  the  half  pay  of  a  captain; 

That  there  be  allowed  to  the  purve3Tor,  apothecary,  and  assistant 
purveyor  each  forage  for  one  horse; 

That  the  power  given  in  the  before-mentioned  plan  to  the  chief 
physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Army  to  remove  regimental  surgeons 
and  mates  in  case  of  absence  without  leave  shall  in  future  extend  no 
further  than  a  power  of  suspension  until  such  delinquent  shall  be 
reported  to  a  proper  officer  for  bringing  him  to  trial  by  court-martial; 

That  the  apothecary  may  deliver  medicines,  instruments,  and  dress- 
ings, and  other  articles  of  his  department  to  the  hospitals  on  orders 
in  writing  from  a  physician  and  surgeon  having  the  care  of  any  par- 
ticular hospital  where  the  director  or  one  of  the  chief  physicians  and 
surgeons  shall  not  be  present  to  give  the  same; 

That  the  power  given  to  the  director  and  chief  hospital  physicians 
with  respect  to  the  appointment  of  matrons,  nurses,  and  other  persons 
necessary  for  the  regular  management  of  the  hospitals  be  extended  to 
each  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  hospitals  in  the  absence  of 
the  director  and  chief  physicians  and  surgeons. 

February  1,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  purveyor  of  the  hospital  be,  and  hereby  is, 
empowered  and  directed  to  collect,  or  cause  to  be  collected,  and  secured 
under  his  care  until  properly  issued,  all  public  hospital  stores  and  medi- 
cines in  Virginia  late  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Rickman  or  others 
acting  under  the  United  States,  and  all  persons  in  possession  of  such 
public  stores  or  medicines  are  hereby  required  to  deliver  the  same  to 
the  said  purveyor  or  his  order  upon  demand. 

February  5,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  the  medical  committee  give  the  directions  necessary 
for  establishing  a  hospital  in  Virginia  and  providing  for  the  same,  and 
also  for  removing  the  sick  from  the  new  gaol  in  this  city  to  some 
proper  place  to  be  provided  as  a  hospital  for  prisoners. 

February  6,  1781. 

/ir. solved,  That  Thomas  Bond,  jr.,  purveyor  to  the  general  hospital, 
be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  to  settle  the  accounts  for  salaries  and 
pay  the  officers  of  the  hospital  established  in  Virginia,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Gould,  which  have  accrued  since  the  new  arrangement  of 
the  Medjcal  Department,  and  that  Dr.  Rickman,  late  deputy  director, 
settle  and  return  the  accounts  of  salaries  due  the  officers  of  the  said 
hospitals  prior  to  that  date  to  the  present  purveyor. 


392       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

March  3,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  Dr.  James  Craik,  chief  hospital  physician  and  sur- 
geon, be,  and  he  is  hereby,  appointed  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of 
the  Army  in  the  room  of  Dr.  J.  Cochran,  elected  director  of  the 
hospital.     .     .     . 

March  5,  1781. 

According  to  the  order  of  the  day,  Congress  proceeded  to  the  elec- 
tion of  a  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  hospitals  in  the  room  of 
Dr.  Craik,  removed  to  the  Army;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  William  Burnet  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated 
by  Mr.  Witherspoon. 

March  22,  1781. 

Whereas  the  late  regulations  for  conducting  the  Medical  Department 
and  military  hospitals  passed  the  30th  day  of  September  last,  and 
amended  by  several  subsequent  acts  of  Congress,  extend  no  further 
southward  than  to  include  the  State  of  Virginia;  and  whereas  the 
present  operations  of  the  war  to  the  southward  make  it  necessary  that 
the  Hospital  Department  in  that  district  be  rendered  as  uniform  to  that 
in  the  Northern  army  as  circumstances  will  permit  that  no  inconvenience 
may  arise  to  the  Army  in  general  from  different  and  opposite  systems, 
as  its  operations  may  eventually  be  interchangeable  from  one  district 
to  another  in  a  short  space  of  time:  Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  there  be  one  deputy  director  of  the  military  hospitals, 
who  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  director,  have  the  general  control  and 
management  of  all  the  military  hospitals  that  are  or  may  be  established 
under  the  orders  of  the  commander  of  the  Southern  army  for  the  time 

being. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  for  the  army  aforesaid  there  shall  be  one  chief  phy- 
sician of  the  hospital,  who  shall  also  be  a  surgeon;  one  chief  physician 
to  the  said  army,  who  shall  also  be  a  surgeon;  two  hospital  physicians, 
who  shall  also  be  surgeons,  and  four  surgeon's  mates  for  the  hospitals; 
one  deputy  purveyor  with  an  assistant;  one  deputy  apothecary  with 
an  assistant;  and  to  each  hospital  a  steward,  matron,  orderly  men,  and 
nurses  as  is  directed  in  the  arrangement  of  the  hospital  passed  the  30th 
day  of  September  aforesaid; 

That  the  deputy  director,  deputy  purveyor,  and  deputy  apothecary 
have  and  exercise  the  same  powers  which  are  exercised  by  the  director, 
purveyor,  and  apothecary,  respectively,  agreeably  to  the  arrangement 
above  mentioned; 

That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  director  be  140  dollars  per  month,  that 
of  the  deputy  purveyor  and  deputy  apothecary  each  120  dollars  per 
month;  and  they  shall  severally  be  entitled  to  the  same  emoluments 
and  subject  to  the  same  regulations  and  restrictions  as  their  respective 
principals  are  entitled  or  subjected  to  by  the  above-mentioned  arrange- 
ment and  the  amendments  thereto; 

That  all  th  other  officers  of  the  hospital  and  medical  staff  for  the 
Southern  army  exercise  the  powers,  perform  the  same  duties,  receive 
the  same  pay  and  emoluments,  and  be  subject  to  the  regulations  and 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  393 

restrictions  laid  down  in  the  aforesaid  arrangement  for  officers  of  like 
description: 

Provided,  vu  verthdess.  That  the  powers  therein  directed  to  be  exer- 
cised by  the  director  and  any  two  chief  physicians  and  surgeons  of 
the  hospital  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  deputy  director,  be  vested  in 
and  exercised  by  the  next  officer  in  the  Hospital  Department  for  the 
Southern  arm}',  and  so  on  in  succession,  in  conjunction  with  the  two 
next  seniors. 

March  27,  1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  purveyor  of  the  hos- 
pital for  the  southern  army,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken  and  counted, 

Dr.  Nathan  Brownson  was  elected,  he  having  been  previously  nomi- 
nated by  Mr.  Adams. 

April  18,  1781. — "The  Commander  in  Chief,  considering  the  scarcity  of  hospital 
stuns  and  the  advanced  season,  thinks  proper  to  order  a  discontinuance  of  inocula- 
tion in  the  Army."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor.) 

April  21,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  remove  from  office  or  employment  for  incapacity,  negli- 
gence, dishonesty,  or  other  misbehavior  such  persons  not  immediately 
appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  as  are  or  may 
be  officially  entrusted  with  and  immediately  employed  in  the  expendi- 
ture of  the  public  supplies,  stores,  and  other  property,  .  .  .  and 
such  of  the  said  persons  as  are  or  may  be,  in  his  judgment,'  unnecessary, 
reporting  to  such  authority,  board,  minister,  or  office  to  whom  it  may 
belong,  to  supply  the  vacancy,  the  respective  names  of  the  persons  so 
removed; 

That  he  be  authorized  to  suspend  from  office  or  emplo}Tment,  for 
similar  causes,  persons  officially  employed  and  entrusted  as  aforesaid 
immediately  appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
reporting  forthwith  their  names  and  the  reason  of  suspension: 

Provided,  That  in  all  cases  where  any  of  the  persons  aforesaid  are  or 
may  be  amenable  to  the  law  martial  the  superintendent  be,  and  he  is 
herein-,  authorized  and  directed,  if  he  shall  deem  it  most  expedient 
for  the  public  service,  to  put  them  in  arrest  by  order  in  writing,  and 
to  apply  to  the  officer  whose  duty  it  may  be  to  order  a  court-martial, 
and  such  officer  is  hereby  directed  to  order  proceedings  on  the  arrest 
accordingly; 

That  in  every  case  of  suspension  all  pay  and  emoluments  cease  from 
the  date  thereof  unless  the  persons  suspended  be  upon  trial  acquitted 
and  restored;  and  the  superintendent  shall  have  power  to  supply  the 
place,  when  it  may  be  necessary,  by  a  temporary  appointment,  to 
continue  until  the  person  suspended  be  restored  or  dismissed; 

That  the  aforesaid  powers  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  with 
the  rank,  commission,  or  military  duty  of  any  officer  in  the  line  of  the 
Army  or  those  who  may  be  duly  entrusted  with  money  for  secret 
service  by  Congress, .or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army,  or 
commanding  officer  of  a  separate  department; 

That  the  powers  aforesaid  be  exercised  during  the  pleasure  of  Con- 
gress, but  not  to  extend  beyond  the  duration  of  the  war. 


394       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  15,  1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers  in  the  hospital  depart- 
ment for  the  southern  army,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  David  Oliphant  was  elected  deputy  director; 

Peter  Fa}Tssoux,  chief  physician  of  the  hospital; 

James  Brown,  chief  physician  of  the  Army; 

Robert  Johnston  and  William  Reed,  hospital  physicians,  having  been 
previously  nominated  by  Mr.  Matthews. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  all  such  officers  of  the  medical  department,  appointed 
under  the  directorship  of  Dr.  Oliphant,  as  are  now  in  captivity  in 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  have  the  charge  of  the  sick  prisoners 
in  those  States,  be  continued  in  their  respective  offices  as  heretofore, 
and  be  considered  as  vested  with  the  same  power  and  entitled  to  the 
same  privileges  and  emoluments  as  they  had  and  enjoyed  before  their 
captivity,  to  extend  no  further  than  to  the  troops  and  hospitals  within 
the  enemy's  lines. 

May  28,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  the  medical  committee  be  discontinued,  and  that  the 
committee  lodge  with  the  board  of  war  all  the  returns  and  papers  in 
their  possession,  and  then  be  discharged;  and  that  the  business  hereto- 
fore entrusted  to  them  and  the  powers  with  which  they  were  invested 
be  transferred  to  the  board. 

May  31,  1781. — "  Lieut.  William  Eysandeau,  of  the  5th  Massachusetts  Regt.,  is 
appointed  until  further  orders  to  superintend  the  general  military  hospital." 
{Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  Windsor.) 

June  11,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  officers  of  the  hospital  and  medical  department 
now  in  service  be  allowed  the  depreciation  upon  their  pa}T  in  the  same 
manner  as  officers  of  the  line  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  ...  all  letters  to  and  from  him  [the  director  of 
the  hospital]  be  free. 

June  IS,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  it  be,  and  hereby  is,  recommended  to  the  several 
States,  to  which  the  officers  of  the  hospital  and  medical  department 
now  in  service  respectively  belong,  or  of  which  they  are  or  were 
inhabitants,  to  settle  the  accounts  of  the  said  officers  for  depreciation 
on  the  principles  established  by  the  resolution  of  Congress  of  the 
10th  of  April,  1780,  and  to  make  provision  for  paying  the  balances 
that  may  be  found  due.     ... 

July  10,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  either  by  himself  or  such  person  or  persons  as  he  shall 
from  time  "to  time  appoint  for  the  purpose,  to  procure  or  contract  all 
necessary  supplies  for  the  use  of  the  Army  or  armies  of  the  United 
States,     .     .     .     and  also  for  the  transportation  thereof.     .     .     . 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  395 

September  W,  17SL 

Resolved,  That  the  present  vacancies  of  hospital  physicians  and  sur- 
geons be  rilled  up  by  the  senior  surgeons  of  the  hospital  lately  deranged; 
the.  eldest  hospital  mates  or  regimental  surgeons  as  shall  be  recom- 
mended by  the  director  and  chief  physician  and  surgeon  to  the  Army, 

That  all  future  vacancies  of  hospital  physicians  and  surgeons  be  tilled 
by  the  eldest  regimental  surgeons  and  hospital  mates,  who  shall  be 
reckoned  of  equal  grades,  who  shall,  upon  examination,  be'  found 
qualified,  and  obtain  a  certificate  of  recommendation  from  the  director 
and  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Army,  or  of  the  deputy  director 
and  chief  physician  in  a  separate  department; 

That  the  persons  requisite  to  fill  the  higher  grades  in  the  hospital  and 
medical  department  be  appointed  from  time  to  time  by  Congress 
according  to  merit  and  abilities; 

That  all  surgeons  to  regiments  or  corps  not  belonging  to  the  line  of 
amT  particular  State  be  nominated  by  the  director  of  the  hospitals  and 
the  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Army,  subject  to  the  approba- 
tion of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  and  shall  be  equally  entitled  to  promo- 
tion to  hospital  physicians  and  surgeons  with  the  regimental  surgeons 
of  States  lines. 

On  recommendation  of  the  director  appointed  by  the  board  of  war, 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Joseph  Young,  a  deranged  senior  surgeon,  and 
Doctors  Goodwin  Wilson,  Daniel  Jenifer,  Samuel  Edmondson,  and 
George  Campbell,  eldest  surgeon's  mates,  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
hospital  physicians  and  surgeons  to  fill  the  vacancies  occasioned  by  the 
resignation  of  Doctors  Bloomfield,  Scott,  Hagan,  and  Jackson,  and  the 
promotion  of  Dr.  Burnet. 

On  the  recommendation  of  the  deputy  director,  approved  by  the 
board  of  war, 

Resolved,  That  Doctors  Thomas  Tudor  Tucker  and  Vickers  be 
appointed  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  hospital  for  the  southern 
department; 

That  Daniel  Smith  be  appointed  assistant  deputy  purveyor  and  John 
Carne  assistant  deputy  apothecary  in  the  southern  department. 

September  m,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  no  appointment  be  made  of  mates  to  supply  the  places 
of  those  promoted  in  the  general  hospital  by  the  resolution  of  the  20th 
instant  until  the  further  order  of  Congress. 

Otfober  2,  1781. — "Capt.  Pike,  of  Col.  Scammell's  regt.  of  infantry,  is  appointed  to 
superintend  the  military  hospital  at  Williamsburgh." 

"The  gentlemen  in  the  Medical  Dept.  from  South  Carolina  are  desired  to  do  duty 
in  the  general  hospital  at  Williamsburgh."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  before 
York.) 

October  IS,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Johnson,  a  hospital  physician  and  surgeon,  be, 
and  ho  is  hereby,  authorized  to  do  the  duty  of  deputy  purveyor  for 
the  military  hospital  in  the  Southern  Department  until  the  further 
order  of  Congress. 


396       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

January  3,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  for  the  more  regular  conducting  the  general  hospital, 
the  offices  of  chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  Army,  and  of  chief 
hospital  physician,  be,  and  hereby  are,  abolished;  and  that  the  chief 
physician  and  surgeon  to  the  Army,  eldest  in  appointment,  be  con- 
tinued in  service,  under  the  title  of  physician,  with  the  pay  and  emolu- 
ments heretofore  allowed  to  a  chief  hospital  physician; 

That  the  number  of  surgeons  to  all  the  military  hospitals  of  the 
United  States  be  reduced  so  as  not  to  exceed  fifteen; 

That  the  director  have  the  general  superintendence  and  direction  of 
all  the  military  hospitals,  and  of  practice  both  in  camp  and  in  hospitals; 

That  in  the  absence  of  the  director,  his  duty  devolve  on  the  deput}r 
director  or  physician,  and  in  their  absence  on  the  hospital  surgeon, 
according  to  seniority; 

That  the  director,  or  in  his  absence  the  senior  medical  officer,  with 
the  approbation  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  general  of 
a  separate  army,  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  and  empowered,  as 
often  as  may  be  judged  necessary,  to  call  a  medical  board,  which  shall 
consist  of  the  three  senior  medical  officers  then  present;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  such  board  to  appoint  all  hospital  mates,  to  examine  all 
candidates  for  promotion  in  the  hospital  department,  and  recommend 
to  the  Secretary  at  War  such  as  they  judge  best  qualified;  and  gener- 
ally to  take  cognizance  of,  and  give  their  opinion  and  advice  on,  every 
matter  relative  to  the  department  which  may  be  submitted  to  them  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  general  of  a  separate  army: 
Provided  always,  That  no  regulation,  plan,  or  order  of  the  board  shall 
be  valid  and  take  effect  until  approved  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  or 
commanding  general  of  a  separate  army  and  issued  in  general  orders. 

That  all  returns  heretofore  ordered  to  be  made  by  the  director  or 
deputy  director  to  the  medical  committee  be  made  to  the  Secretary 
at  War. 

That  the  stewards  may,  in  the  first  instance,  when  the  purveyor  or 
his  assistant  is  at  a  distance,  be  appointed  by  the  director  or  senior 
medical  officer,  but  shall  be  removable  at  pleasure  and  others  substi- 
tuted in  their  stead  by  the  purveyor  or  his  assistant.  And  although 
in  their  purchases  or  issues  they  are  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  pre- 
scribing surgeons,  yet  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  their  duty  they  are 
to  be  accountable  to  the  purveyor,  who  shall  in  like  manner  be  account- 
able to  the  United  States.  Wherefore  the  said  stewards  shall  keep 
separate  accounts  of  all  they  receive  and  of  what  they  themselves  pur- 
chase, and  shall  render  an  account  monthly  of  all  the  issues,  with  their 
stock  on  hand,  to  the  purveyor,  who  shall  render  the  said  accounts, 
together  with  a  particular  account  of  the  supplies  furnished  by  him- 
self or  his  assistants  to  each  respective  hospital,  once  every  three 
months  to  the  superintendents  of  finance. 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  empowered  and 
directed,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  February  next,  and  hereafter 
from  time  to  time,  as  the  service  may  require,  to  arrange  the  depart- 
ment agreeably  to  the  foregoing  resolutions,  and  to  issue  his  orders 
to  such  as  he  think  proper  to  remain,  pa}Ting  a  due  regard  in  his  first 
arrangement  to  such  of  the  chief  physicians  and  surgeons  as  may 
choose  to  continue  in  service  in  the  rank  of  surgeons,  and  in  his  sub- 
sequent arrangements  to  such  of  the  senior  officers  as  may  choose  to 
remain  in  service. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  397 

That  such  of  the  officers  as  shall  not  be  called  into  service  agreeably 
to  the  foregoing  resolution  be  considered  as  reduced  by  Congress,  and 
be  entitled  to  the  emoluments  granted  bv  the  act  of  Congress  of  the 
17th  of  January,  1781. 

That  when  by  reason  of  vacancies  or  otherwise  any  officer  hereafter 
to  be  appointed  in  the  hospital  department,  and  whose  appointment  is 
reserved  to  Congress,  due  regard  be  paid  to  the  officers  next  in  rank, 
and  that  the  appointment  of  hospital  surgeons  be  from  among  the  regi- 
mental surgeons  and  hospital  mates:  Provided,  That  no  regimental 
surgeon  shall  be  so  appointed  who  shall  not  have  submitted  himself  to 
an  examination  by  the  medical  board  and  obtain  from  them  a  certificate 
that  he  is  well  qualified  for  the  office  of  regimental  surgeon,  by  which 
certificate  the  regimental  surgeon  shall  be  considered  as  superior  in 
rank  to  an  hospital  mate,  but  not  otherwise. 

Resolved,  That  the  director,  deputy  director,  physician,  surgeons, 
and  mates,  as  well  hospital  as  regimental,  receive  their  pay  out  of  the 
military  chest  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  manner  as  the  arm}7 
with  which  they  serve;  the  abstracts  to  be  signed  by  the  director, 
deputy  director,  or  physician,  or  in  their  absence  by  the  senior  hos 
pital  surgeon;  and  the  warrants  to  issue  in  the  same  manner  as  for  the 
pay  of  the  Army. 

January  10,  178%. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  ;  the  director,  deputy  director,  or  superintend- 
ing surgeon  of  any  hospital  shall  furnish  them, -the  Inspector-General, 
or  inspector  of  a  separate  army,  with  such  returns  as  they  may  find 
necessary  for  the  better  execution  of  their  office. 

*  *  * 

Ordered,  That  the  present  purveyor  of  the  hospital,  who  was  lately 
assistant  deputy  director  of  tne  middle  district,  settle  and  certify  the 
pay  and  other  allowance  due  to  the  officers  of  the  late  hospital  depart- 
ment, north  of  Potomac,  up  to  the  4th  day  of  October,  1780,  the  time 
that  a  new  choice  of  officers  took  place. 

January  16,  178%. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  such  officers  of 
the  hospital  and  medical  department  as  are  entitled  to  an  allowance 
for  depreciation  by  any  resolutions  of  Congress,  the  establishment  of 
pay  made  upon  the  8th  day  of  April,  1777,  be  considered  as  specie. 

AprU  n,  1782. 

U, sol 'rrd,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or  allow- 
ances to  officers  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  entitled 
to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  ...  be,  and  they  arc 
hereby,  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 
officer  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations,  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 

*  *  * 

Director-general  of  the  hospital 2  rat  ions  per  day. 

Chief  physician  and  Burgeon 2  do. 

Hospital  surgeon 1  do. 

mate 1  do. 

steward 1  do. 

ward  master ,.,,,,,.,,, ,,..„,,„,  1  do, 


398       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  7,  178°2. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  appoint  an  inspector  for  the  Main  and  Southern  Army, 
to  take  care  that  the  contracts  for  supplying  rations  be  duhr  executed 
by  the  contractors;  that  the  said  inspectors  shall  also  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  fully  empowered  and  directed  to  attend  to  the  expenditures  of 
public  property  in  the  several  departments  of  the  Army,  and  report 
any  fraud,  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  misconduct  by  which  the  public 
property  is  wasted,  or  expense  unnecessarily  accumulated,  so  that  the 
party  charged  therewith  may  be  tried  by  court-martial  on  such  charges 
exhibited  against  him  by  either  of  the  said  inspectors;  and  that  neither 
the  said  inspectors  nor  the  said  contractors,  or  their  propeilY,  be  liable 
to  arrest  or  subject  to  martial  law,  except  by  the  express  order  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  or  commander  of  the  army  +o  which  the  inspect- 
ors, respectively,  shall  be  appointed,  any  resolution  or  act  of  Congress 
heretofore  made  notwithstanding. 

That  the  pay  to  each  inspector  be  16(>f  dollars  per  month  in  full  of 
all  allowances. 

That  each  inspector  when  appointed  shall  take  an  oath  for  the  faith- 
ful and  impartial  execution  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him  as  inspector 
of  the  contracts  of  the  Army. 

June  6',  1782. 

Congress  proceeded'  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  purveyor  for  the 
southern  hospital;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Dr.  N.  Brownson  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated  bv 
Mr.  Bland. 

July  2$,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  in  conducting  the  business  of  the  general  hospital 
there  shall  be  an  invariable  standard  of  prices  established,  by  which 
the  apothecary  shall  be  charged  with  every  article  he  shall  issue.  The 
standard  to  be  established  by  the  medical  board,  or  such  person  or 
persons  as  they  shall  appoint,  which  shall  only  be  considered  as  a  cer- 
tain ratio  whereby  to  keep  the  accounts.  But  that  in  the  settlement 
of  all  accounts  in  that  department  all  deficient  articles,  not  issued  or 
returned,  shall  be  accounted  for  at  such  real  value  as  shall  be  estimated 
by  the  medical  board  and  approved  of  by  the  Secretary  at  War. 

An  account  shall  be  taken  as  soon  as  possible  of  all  the  medicines, 
instruments,  and  property  in  the  apothecary's  department  belonging 
to  the  public,  in  the  hands  of  the  apothecary,  the  deputies,  assistants, 
and  mates,  the  surgeons  of  the  hospitals,  and  surgeons  of  regiments, 
for  which  they  shall  severally  be  charged  at  the  standard  value  ascer- 
tained by  the  board,  as  aforesaid,  and  for  all  they  may  hereafter  receive, 
but  to  account  for  deficiencies  at  the  real  value,  to  be  estimated  as 
aforesaid. 

The  apothecary  shall  be  accountable  for  all  articles  in  his  department 
to  the  purveyor  throughout  the  States  until  they  come  into  trie  hands 
of  the  prescribers.  And  all  deputies,  assistants,  and  mates  shall  make 
returns  and  be  accountable  to  the  apothecary  for  the  medicines,  instru- 
ments, and  other  property  belonging  to  the  public  in  the  department 
now  in  their  hands,  and  of  such  as  they  may  hereafter  be  possessed  of. 


THE  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  399 

The  apothecary  shall  make  up  his  accounts  at  the  expiration  of  every 
year,  and  settle  them  as  soon  after  as  possible,  and  before  the  expira- 
tion of  six  months.  He  shall,  at  the  same  time,  make  out  two  returns 
for  the  director  of  the  hospital,  one  specifying  what  has  been  received 
and  issued  and  the  amount  of  what  remains  on  hand,  the  other  exhibit- 
ing a  particular  amount  of  the  value  of  the  medicines  and  other  public 
property  each  prescriber  has  received  within  the  year. 

All  losses  which  ma}^  happen  by  the  events  of  war,  and  other  cir- 
cumstances unavoidable,  shall  be  borne  by  the  public.  In  cases  of 
losses  by  fraud  or  neglect  in  any  deputy,  assistant,  or  mate,  the  apothe- 
cary shall  not  be  accountable  for  such  losses,  provided  the  delinquent 
be  convicted  thereof  before  a  court-martial  appointed  to  try  the  same. 

The  hospital  prescribers  shall  be  supplied,  upon  their  own  applica- 
tion, with  medicines  and  instruments  necessary  for  the  sick  and 
wounded  under  their  care. 

Every  regimental  surgeon  shall  receive  yearly  from  the  apothecary 
a  supply  of  medicines  to  such  amount,  b}^  the  above  standard,  as  the 
medical  board  shall  judge  necessary. 

Eveiy  prescribing  surgeon  or  physician,  either  in  hospital  or  with 
the  Army,  shall  be  supplied  by  the  apothecary  with  such  a  set  of  capi- 
tal instruments  as  the  medical  board  shall  judge  necessary,  and  shall 
be  accountable  for  all  losses  in  medicines  and  instruments  not  arising 
from  the  events  of  war  and  other  circumstances  unavoidable.  Dupli- 
cates of  all  returns  made  by  the  apothecary  to  the  director  shall  be 
lodged  in  the  Avar  office. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  excepting  the 
southern  arnw,  at  present  under  the  command  of  Major-General 
( i  reene,  the  offices  of  assistant  purveyor  and  assistant  apothecary,  and 
the  storekeepers  under  the  purveyor  and  apothecary,  except  one  store- 
keeper under  the  purveyor  to  keep  a  store  near  the  army,  and  all  the 
clerks,  except  two  to  the  purveyor,  shall  hereafter  be  discontinued. 

That  all  surgeons  of  the  hospital  shall  take  rank  after  the  director 
of  the  hospital,  deputy  director,  and  physician  to  the  Army,  in  the 
following  order,  viz:  Those  surgeons  of  the  hospital  who  have  been 
either  deputy  director,  physician-general,  surgeon-general,  chief  phy- 
sician, or  chief  surgeon  to  the  hospital  or  Army  shall  take  rank  next 
to  the  above-mentioned  officers,  and  their  relative  rank  to  each  other 
shall  be  according  to  the  dates  of  their  respective  appointments  to 
either  of  the  above  offices. 

That  all  such  as  were  regimental  surgeons  when  appointed  senior 
physician  or  surgeon  to  the  hospital  shall  take  rank  with  such  senior 
physicians  and  surgeons  agreeably  to  the  date  of  their  first  appoint- 
ment, whether  to  the  regiment  or  hospital. 

All  surgeons  the  date  of  whose  first  appointments  either  to  regi- 
ments <»r  hospitals  shall  have  been  on  the  same  day  shall  decide  their 
rank  by  lot. 

That  for  the  more  convenient  subsistence  of  the  officers  of  the  hospi- 
tal department  the}r  be  allowed,  including  their  former  allowance  of 
rations  and  forage,  as  follows: 

The  director  of  the  hospital,  tour  rations  a  day  for  himself  and  serv- 
ant s,  forage  for  two  horses,  and  25  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

The  deputy  director  and  physician,  each  three  rations Q  day  for  him- 
self and  servants,  forage  for  two  horses,  and  20  dollars  per  month 
subsistence. 


400       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Hospital  surgeons,  each  two  rations  per  day  for  himself  and  servants, 
forage  for  two  horses,  and  15  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

Deputy  purveyor  and  deputy  apothecary,  each  one  ration  per  day, 
forage  for  one  horse,  and  10  dollars  per  month  subsistence. 

Hospital  mates,  each  one  ration  per  day  and  5  dollars  per  month 
subsistence. 

Stewards,  each  one  ration  per  day  and  5  dollars  per  month  sub- 
sistence. 

Ward  masters,  each  one  ration  per  dajT  and  3  dollars  per  month 
subsistence. 

That  the  above  allowance  of  rations,  forage,  and  subsistence  to  the 
officers  of  the  hospital  department,  over  and  above  what  they  were 
severally  entitled  to  at  the  time  of  passing  this  act,  shall  be  charged  to 
them  respectively  as  advances  in  part  of  their  monthly  pay. 

That  in  future  the  pay  and  allowance  of  the  purveyor  and  apothecary 
be  the  same  each  as  that  of  a  hospital  surgeon. 

That  none  of  the  aforesaid  officers,  or  other  persons  employed  in 
any  of  the  hospitals,  be  entitled  to  rations,  forage,  or  subsistence  when 
on  furlough. 

That  the  regulations  respecting  officers'  servants,  contained  in  the 
act  of  Congress  of  the  11th  of  March,  1780,  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  the  hospital  department. 

November  12,  1782. — "Lt.  Crook,  of  the  10th  Massachusetts  regt.,  is  appointed  to 
superintend  the  hospital  at  New  Windsor,  vice  the  captain  ordered  for  that  duty  the 
10th  instant."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

December  3,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  after  the  fore-mentioned  period  [the  last  day  of 
December  inst.],  in  lieu  of  the  pay  and  rations  allowed  to  officers  of 
the  hospital  department,  including  rations  for  servants,  they  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  following  monthly  pa}^  and  subsistence;  provided  .  .  . 
that  when  the  said  subsistence  money  shall  not  be  paid,  they  shall  be 
entitled  to  draw  an  equivalent  number  of  rations  at  the  rate  of  four 
dollars  for  each  ration  per  month,  viz: 

The  director,  102  dollars  pay  and  60  dollars  subsistence. 

The  deputy  director  and  physician,  each  100  dollars  pay  and  48  dol- 
lars subsistence. 

The  surgeons,  each  90  dollars  pay  and  40  dollars  subsistence. 

Apothecary  and  purveyor,  each  92  dollars  pay  and  32  dollars  sub- 
sistence. 

Deputy  apothecary  and  deputy  purve}*or,  each  59  dollars  pay  and  16 
dollars  subsistence. 

Mates,  each  42  dollars  pay  and  12  dollars  subsistence. 

Stewards,  each  31  dollars  pay  and  8  dollars  subsistence. 

Ward  masters,  each  21  dollars  pay  and  8  dollars  subsistence. 

April  17,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  immediate  measures  be  taken  for  the  sale  of  .  .  . 
all  such  articles  in  the  several  military  departments  as  may  not  be 
necessary  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  previous  to  its  reduction,  or  for 
the  formation  of  magazines  on  a  peace  establishment. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  401 

May  16,  1783. 

Resolved^  That  the  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay  ...  to  the 
officers  of  the  medical  department  and  medical  staff  shall  be  calculated 
by  what  thev  are  respectively  entitled  to,  agreeably  to  the  resolutions 
of  the  17th  of  January  and  8th  of  May,  1781. 

October  31,  1783.—  Congress  reported  that  Doctors  Til  ton,  Otto  (Bodo),  Fredk.  Otto, 
and  Martin,  of  the  hospital  department,  had  accepted  the  commutation  of  5  years' 
pay  in  lieu  of  half  pay  for  life. 

January  24,  1784- 

Resolved^  That  the  principals  in  the  several  departments  of  .  .  . 
the  hospital  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  ordered  to  transmit,  as  soon  as 
may  be,  to  the  War  Office,  to  be  laid  before  Congress,  exact  returns  of 
all  the  stores  in  their  respective  departments,  specifying  the  quantity 
and  quality  of  each  article,  where  deposited,  in  whose  care,  and  in 
what  manner  secured. 

September  6,  1785. 

Ordered^  That  the  Secretary  at  War,  as  soon  as  may  be,  cause  to  be 
made  and  transmitted  to  Congress  an  exact  return  of  all  .  .  . 
public  stores,  or  property  of  every  description,  the  custody  of  which 
is  charged  on  the  War  Department;  distinguishing  the  quantity  or 
number,  quality,  and  kind  of  each,  and  the  several  places  of  their 
deposits;  and  that  he  transmit  a  like  return  on  the  first  Monday  in 
January  and  the  first  Monday  in  July  annually. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  April  30,  1790  (1  Stats.,  119). 

AN  ACT  for  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  troops  aforesaid  shall  receive  for  their  services 
the  following  en umerated  monthly  rates  of  pay:  .  .  .  Surgeons, 
thirty  dollars;  surgeons'  mates,  twenty-four  dollars;     ,     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  receive  for 
their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations  of  provisions, 
to  wit:     ...     A  surgeon,  three;  a  surgeon's  mate,  two;    .     .     . 

Act  of  March  3,  1791  (1  Stats.,  222). 

AN  ACT  foi  raising  and  adding  another  regiment  to  the  military  establishment  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  making  further  provision  for  the  protection  of  the 
frontiers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  in  case  the  nature  of  the  service  upon  which  the  troops 
of  the  United  States  may  be  employed  should  require  a  greater  num- 
ber of  surgeons'  mates  than  are  provided  for  in  the  before-mentioned 
act  (April  30,  1790),  the  President  of  the  United  States  may  engage 
from  time  to  time  such  additional  number  of  surgeons'  mates  as  Be 
shall  judge  necessary. 

*  *  » 

S.  Doc.  229 26 


402       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  5,  1792  (1  Stats.,  21+1). 

AN  ACT  for  making  further  and  more  effectual  provision  for  the  protection  of  the 
frontiers  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  7.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  commissioned  officers 
shall  be,  in  future,  as  follows,  free  of  all  deductions,  to  wit: 
General  staff—    .     .     .     Surgeon,  seventy  dollars     .     .     . 


Act  of  May  8,  1792  (1  Stats.,  279). 

AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments. 

*  ft  ft 

Sec.  5.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplying  the  Army 
with  ...  all  other  supplies  or  articles  for  the  use  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  War  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  Treasury 

Department. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  February  23,  1795  (1  Stats.,  £19). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  the  office  of  purveyor  of  public  supplies.1 

Sec.  1.  That  there  shall  be  in  the  Department  of  the  Treasury  an 
officer  to  be  denominated  "purveyor  of  public  supplies,"  whose  duty 
it  shall  be,  under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  to  conduct  the  procuring  and  providing  of  .  .  .  all  arti- 
cles of  supply  requisite  for  the  service  of  the  United  States,     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1795  (1  Stats.,  430). 

AN  ACT  for  continuing  and  regulating  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States,  and  for  repealing  sundry  acts  heretofore  passed  on  that  subject. 


Sec.  10.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers,  noncommissioned 
officers,  musicians,  and  privates  on  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  be  as  follows,  to  wit: 

General  staff —    .     .     .     Surgeon,  $70     .     .     . 

Sec.  11.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions,  to  wit:  .  .  .  ;  a  surgeon,  as  well  hospital  as  regi- 
mental, three  rations;  a  surgeon's  mate,  two  rations;     .     .     . 

Sec.  12.  That  the  officers  hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever  for- 
age shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the  fol- 
lowing-enumerated sums  per  month  instead  thereof,  to  wit:  .  .  . 
Surgeon-General,  .  .  .  twelve  dollars;  .  .  .  surgeon,  .  .  . 
ten  dollars;    .     .     .     surgeon's  mate,     .     .     .     six  dollars;    .     .     . 


Abolished,  after  May  31,  1812,  by  the  act  of  March  28,  1812. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  403 

Act  of  May  28,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558.) 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  the  employment  of 
a  .  .  .  physician-general,  .  .  .  essential  to  the  public  inter- 
est, he  is  hereby  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  appoint  the  same  accordingly,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the 
rank,  pa}T,  and  emoluments  which  follow,  viz,  .  .  .  physician- 
general  .  .  .  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel: 
JProvided,  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  it  expedient  to  appoint 
a  .  .  .  physician-general  ...  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate, 
he  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  any  or  all  of  said  appointments,  and 
grant  commissions  thereon,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next 
session  of  the  Senate  thereafter. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  .  .  .  physician-general  .  .  .  who  may  be 
appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act,  shall  .  .  .  continue  in  commission 
during  such  term  only  as  the  President  shall  judge  requisite  for  the 
public  service.     .     .     . 

Sec.  10.  That  no  commission  or  staff  officer,  who  shall  be  appointed 
by  virtue  of  this  act,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  pay  and  emoluments 
until  he  shall  be  called  in  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time  than 
he  shall  continue  therein.     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  610). 

AN  ACT  to  alter  and  amend  the  several  acts  for  the  establishment  and  regulation  of 
the  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be  made  by 
or  under  the  direction  of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Department  of  War, 
.  .  .  and  all  agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  services  as  afore- 
said shall  render  their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the 
proper  department  for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required, 
subject  nevertheless  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the 
Treasury  in  manner  before  prescribed. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  purveyor  of  public  supplies 
to  execute  all  such  orders  as  he  may,  from  time  to  time,  receive  from 
the  Secretary  of  War  .  .  .  relative  to  the  procuring  and  provid- 
ing of  all  kinds  of  stores  and  supplies;  and  shall  render  his  accounts 
relative  thereto  to  the  accountants  of  the  proper  departments,  which 
accounts  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers 
of  the  Treasury  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  provision  of  the  act  passed  on  the  eighth  day  of 
May,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-two,  intituled  "'An  act 
making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments,"  and  the 
act  passed  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  February,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety-five,  intituled  "An  act  to  establish  the  office  of 
purveyor  of  public  supplies,"  so  far  as  the  same  are  repugnant  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 


404       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  contracts  to  be  made,  by  virtue  of  this  act,  or  of  any 
law  of  the  United  States,  and  requiring  the  advance  of  money,  or  to  be 
in  any  manner  connected  with  the  settlement  of  public  accounts,  shall 
be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  within  ninety  days  after  their  dates,  respectively. 

Act  of  March  £,  1799  (1  Stats.,  721). 
AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  medical  establishment. 

Sec.  1.  That  in  the  medical  establishment  of  the  United  States  there 
shall  be  the  following  officers:  A  physician-general,  who  shall  be  charged 
with  the  superintendence  and  direction  of  all  military  hospitals,  and, 
generally,  of  all  medical  and  chirurgical  practice  or  service  concerning 
the  Army  or  Navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  all  persons  who  shall  be 
employed  in  and  about  the  same,  in  camps,  garrisons,  and  hospitals. 
An  apothecary -general,  and  one  or  more  deputies,  who  shall  be  charged 
with  the  safe-keeping  and  delivery  of  all  medicines,  instruments,  dress- 
ings, and  other  articles  for  the  use  of  the  hospital  and  Army.  A  pur- 
veyor, who  shall  be  charged  with  providing  medicines,  stores,  and 
whatsoever  else  may  be  necessary  in  relation  to  the  said  practice  or 
service.  A  competent  number  of  hospital  surgeons,  who  shall  be  liable 
to  serve  in  the  field,  and  who  shall  have  the  immediate  charge  and 
direction  of  such  military  hospitals  as  may  be  committed  to  their  care, 
respectively.  A  suitable  number  of  hospital  mates,  who  are  to  observe 
the  directions  of  the  hospital  surgeons  and  shall  diligently  perform  all 
reasonable  duties  required  of  them  for  the  recovery  of  the  sick  and 
wounded. 

Sec.  2.  That  each  military  hospital  shall  have  a  steward,  with  a 
competent  number  of  nurses  and  other  attendants;  which  steward  shall 
be  charged  with  the  procuring  of  such  supplies  as  may  not  otherwise 
be  furnished  and  with  the  safe-keeping  and  issuing  of  all  supplies. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  said  physician-general,  hospital  surgeons,  purveyor, 
and  apothecary  and  apothecaries,  deputy  or  deputies,  shall  be  appointed 
as  other  officers  of  the  United  States;  that  the  said  mates  and  stewards 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  authority  and  at  the  direction  of  the  said 
physician-general,  subject  to  the  eventual  approbation  and  control  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  snail  be  removable  by  the 
authority  of  the  said  physician-general;  and  that  the  surgeon  of  each 
hospital  shall  appoint,  employ,  and  fix  the  compensation  of  the  nurses 
and  other  attendants  of  such  hospital,  subject  to  the  control  of  the  said 
physician-general,  or  the  hospital  surgeon  of  senior  appointment,  with 
a  separate  army,  or  in  a  separate  district. 

Sec.  4.  That  as  often  as  the  regimental  sick  will  not  suffer  by  the 
employing  of  the  regimental  surgeons  or  mates  in  the  temporary  or 
other  hospitals  of  the  United  States,  the  physician-general,  or  the  hos- 
pital surgeon,  or  senior  appointment,  with  a  separate  army,  or  in  a 
separate  district,  with  the  consent  of  the  general  and  Commander  in 
Chief,  or  the  officer  commanding  a  separate  army  may  require  the 
attendance  of  such  surgeons,  or  surgeon's  mates,  as,  in  his  opinion, 
can  be  with  safety  so  withdrawn  from  their  regiments. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  physician-general,  with  two 
or  more  hospital  surgeons,  to  frame  a  system  of  directions  relative  to 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  405 

the  description  of  patients  to  be  admitted  into  the  hospitals;  to  the 
means  of  promoting  cleanliness  in  the  hospitals;  to  the  prevention  of 
idleness,  skulking,  and  gambling  in  the  hospitals;  to  the  prevention 
of  the  spread  of  infectious  distempers  in  the  camps  and  hospitals,  and 
the  government  of  nurses  and  all  others  charged  with  the  care  of  the 
sick  in  camps  and  hospital,  subject,  in  the  first  instance,  to  the  appro- 
bation and  revision  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  the  commander  of  a 
separate  army,  or  in  a  separate  district,  as  the  case  ma}7  be,  and,  eventu- 
ally, to  the  approbation  and  control  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States:  Provided  always,  That  the  said  directions,  having  received  the 
sanction  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  the  commander  of  a  separate 
army,  shall  be  operative,  and  remain  in  full  force,  unless  altered  or 
annulled  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  compensations  of  the  said  several  officers  shall  be 
as  follows:  Of  the  physician-general,  one  hundred  dollars  pay  per 
month,  and  fifty  dollars  per  month,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation 
for  forage,  rations,  and  travelling  expenses;  of  the  purveyor,  one 
hundred  dollars  pay  per  month  in  full  compensation  for  his  services, 
and  all  expenses;  of  the  apothecary-general,  eighty  dollars  pay  per 
month,  and  thirty  dollars  per  month  in  full  compensation  for  forage, 
rations,  and  all  expenses;  of  each  of  his  deputies,  fifty  dollars  pay  per 
month,  and  sixteen  dollars  per  month  in  full  compensation  for  forage, 
rations,  and  all  expenses;  of  each  hospital  surgeon,  eighty  dollars  pay 
per  month,  and  forty  dollars  per  month  in  full  compensation  for 
forage,  rations,  and  all  expenses;  of  each  mate,  thirty  dollars  pay  per 
month,  and  twenty  dollars  per  month  in  full  compensation  for  forage, 
rations,  and  all  expenses;  of  each  steward,  twenty -five  dollars  pay  per 
month,  and  eight  dollars  per  month  in  full  compensation  for  forage, 
rations,  and  all  expenses:  Provided,  That  none  of  the  officers  aforesaid 
shall  be  entitled  to  any  part  of  the  pay  or  emoluments  aforesaid  until 
they  shall,  respectively,  be  called  into  actual  service. 

Sec.  7.  That,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  sick  of  the  Army  and 
Navy  of  the  United  States,  the  physician-general  and  the  hospital 
surgeon  of  senior  appointment,  with  the  approbation  of  the  general 
commanding  the  army  within  the  district  where  he  shall  be,  shall  have 
the  power  to  provide  temporary  hospitals;  and  the  physician-general, 
with  the  approbation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  shall  have 
power  to  provide  and  establish  permanent  hospitals. 

Sec.  8.  That  all  the  said  officers  and  others  shall,  as  touching  their 
several  offices  and  duties,  be  liable  to  the  rules  and  regulations  for  the 
government  and  discipline  of  the  Army ;  and  shall  be  bound  to  obey, 
in  conformity  with  law  and  the  usages  and  customs  of  armies,  the  orders 
and  directions  of  the  chief  military  officers  of  the  respective  armies, 
and  within  the  respective  districts  in  which  they  shall  respectively  serve 
and  be. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  physician-general,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  senior 
medical  officer,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or 
commanding  officer  of  a  separate  army,  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized 
and  empowered,  as  often  as  may  be  judged  necessary,  to  call  a  medical 
board,  which  shall  consist  of  the  three  senior  medical  officers  then  pres- 
ent, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  examine  all  candidates  for  employment  or 
promotion  in  the  hospital  department,  and  to  certify  to  the  Secretary 
of  War  the  qualifications  of  each. 


406       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  749). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  .     *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Secretary  of  War  to  cause  to 
be  provided  in  each  and  every  year  all  .  .  .  medicines  and  hospital 
stores  necessary  for  the  troops  and  armies  of  the  United  States  for  the 
succeeding  year,  and  for  this  purpose  to  make  purchases  and  enter  or 
cause  to  be  entered  into  all  necessary  contracts  and  obligations  for 
effecting  the  same. 

*  X-  * 

.  Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  •::•  •» 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  two  surgeons,  twenty-five 
surgeon's  mates,  to  be  attached  to  the  garrisons  or  posts,  and  not  to 
corps. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  fol- 
lows, to  wit:  ...  to  each  surgeon,  forty-five  dollars;  to  each 
surgeon's  mate,  thirty  dollars.     .     .     . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  ...  a  surgeon,  three  rations;  a  surgeon's  mate, 
two  rations  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the 
said  officers  ...  at  the  posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations 
shall  become  due;  and  if  at  such  post  supplies  are  not  furnished  by 
contract,  then  such  allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having 
reference  to  former  contracts  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question ; 
.  .  .  to  such  matrons  and  nurses  as  may  be  necessarily  employed 
in  the  hospital,  one  ration  each.     .     .     . 

*  «  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  following  officers  shall,  whenever  forage  is  not 
furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the  following  sums  per 
month  in  lieu  thereof:  .  .  .  each  surgeon,  ten  dollars;  and  each 
surgeon's  mate,  six  dollars. 


Act  of  March  26,  180 %  (2  Stats.,  290). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  "An  act  for  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  in  the 

United  States." 

That  there  shall  be  appointed,  in  addition  to  the  surgeon's  mates 
provided  for  by  the  "Act  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of 
the  United  States,"  as  many  surgeon's  mates,  not  exceeding  six,  as  the 
President  of  the  United  States  may  judge  necessary,  to  be  attached  to 
garrisons  or  posts,  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the  said  act. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  407 

Act  of  April  12,  1808  (2  Stats.,  Ifil). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  when,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  a  suitable  proportion  of  the  troops  authorized  by  this  act  shall 
be  raised,  there  may  be  appointed  .  .  .  such  number  of  hospital 
surgeons  and  surgeon's  mates  as  the  service  may  require,  but  not 
exceeding  five  surgeons  and  fifteen  mates,  with  one  steward  and  one 
ward  master  to  each  hospital.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  compensation  of  the  officers  .  .  .  noncommis- 
sioned officers  .  .  .  authorized  by  this  act  shall  be,  viz:  .  .  . 
each  hospital  surgeon,  seventy -five  dollars  per  month,  six  rations  per 
day,  or  an  equivalent  in  money,  twelve  dollars  per  month  for  forage, 
when  not  furnished  as  aforesaid;  each  hospital  surgeon's  mate,  forty 
dollars  per  month,  two  rations  per  day,  or  an  equivalent  in  money, 
and  six  dollars  per  month  for  forage,  when  not  furnished  as  aforesaid; 
each  hospital  steward,  twenty  dollars  per  month,  and  two  rations  per 
day,  or  an  equivalent  in  money;  each  ward  master,  sixteen  dollars  per 
month,  and  two  rations  per  day,  or  an  equivalent  in  money;  .  .  . 
Provided,  The  officers  .  .  .  furnish  their  own  horses  and  accou- 
trements, and  actually  keep  in  service  the  aforesaid  number  of  horses 
to  entitle  them  to  the  aforegoing  allowance  for  forage,  or  its  equivlent 
in  money.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  in  the  recess  of  the  Senate  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  all  or  any  of  the  officers,  other 
than  the  general  officers,  proper  to  be  appointed  under  this  act;  which 
appointment  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Senate,  at  the  next  session,  for 
their  advice  and  consent. 

Sec.  9.  That  every  .  .  .  staff  officer  to  be  appointed  in  virtue 
of  this  act  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  some  one  of  the 
Territories  thereof. 

Act  of  Janua?y  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  appointed  .  .  .  such  number  of 
hospital  surgeons  and  mates  as  the  service  may  require,  with  one  stew- 
ard to  each  hospital. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  816). 

AN  ACT  the  better  to  provide  for  the  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  the  accountability  of  persons  entrusted  with  the  same. 

Sec.  2.  [That  the  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  shall] 
prescribe  the  forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and 
supplies  purchased,  on  hand,  distributed,  used,  or  sold,  to  be  rendered 
by  .  .  .  the  hospital  surgeons  and  other  officers  belonging  to  the 
Hospital  and  Medica(  Departments.     .     .     . 


408       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  3.  That  .  .  .  the  principal  hospital  surgeons  and  officers 
belonging  to  the  Hospital  and  Medical  Departments  .  .  .  shall 
render  quarterly  accounts  of  the  disposition  and  state  of  all  such  stores 
and  supplies  to  the  superintendent  aforesaid,  and  shall  also  make  such 
other  returns  respecting  the  same,  and  at  such  other  times  as  the  Sec- 
retary for  the  War  Department  may  prescribe:  Provided,  however,  That 
the  accounts  and  returns  thus  rendered  shall  relate  to  the  articles  of 
supply  only,  which  may  have  been  received  and  disposed  of,  or  as  may 
remain  on  hand,  and  shall  not  embrace  the  specie  accounts  for  monies 
disbursed  by  such  officers,  .  .  .  which  specie  accounts  shall  be 
rendered  as  heretofore  to  the  accountant  for  the  War  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  .  .  .  who  may  receive  monies  in  advance 
from  the  War  Department  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  to  the 
accountant  of  the  said  Department  of  their  specie  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements, and  shall  moreover  make  such  other  monthly  summary 
statements  thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  the  said  Department  as  he  may 
prescribe.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  for  the  better  superintendence  and  management  of  the 
hospital  and  medical  establishment  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
there  shall  be  a  physician  and  surgeon  general,  with  an  annual  salary 
of  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  and  an  apothecary-general  with 
an  annual  salary  of  eighteen  hundred  dollars,  whose  respective  duties 
and  powers  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  .  .  .  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  general  and  apothecary-general  which  relate  to 
their  official  duties  shall  be  free  from  postage. 


Act  of  March  30,  181  J,.  (3  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  June  next,  the  officers 
of  the  Army  shall  be  entitled  to  waiters  agreeable  to  grade,  as  follows: 
.     .     .     hospital  surgeon,  each  one.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  authorized  to 
appoint  so  many  assistant  apothecaries  as  the  service  may,  in  his  judg- 
ment, require,  each  of  whom  shall  receive  the  same  pay  and  emolu- 
ments as  a  regimental  surgeon's  mate. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  18.  That  the  physician  and  the  surgeon-general  of  the  Army  be 
entitled  to  two  rations  per  day  and  forage  for  two  horses.     .     .     . 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  409 

Act  of  March  3,  1815  (3  Stats.,  &&£). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  such  number  of  hospital  sur- 
geons and  surgeon's  mates  as  the  service  may  require,  not  exceeding 
five  surgeons  and  fifteen  mates,  with  one  steward  and  one  ward  master 

to  each  hospital. 

*  *  * 

May  17, 1815. —    .     .     .     And  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  further  judged 

{>roper  that,  in  addition  to  the  provision  for  a  general  staff,  which  is  specifically  made 
>y  the  act  of  Congress,  certain  officers  shall  be  retained,  under  the  special  authority 
given  by  the  act,  until  circumstances  will  permit  of  their  discharge,  without  material 
injury  to  the  service;  and  that  the  following  shall  be  the 

GENERAL   STAFF. 

*  *  * 

An  apothecary -general  and  two  assistant  apothecaries,  to  be  provisionally  retained. 

Five  hospital  surgeons. 

Fifteen  hospital  surgeon's  mates. 

Two  garrison  surgeon's,  to  be  provisionally  retained. 

Ten  garrison  surgeon's  mates,  to  be  provisionally  retained. 

*  *  * 

(General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office.) 

Act  of  April  U,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  United  States. 

That  .  .  .  the  apothecary-general,  as  heretofore  authorized,  be 
allowed  two  assistant  apothecaries. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  medical  staff  shall  be  so  extended  that  there  shall 
be  four  hospital  surgeons  and  eight  hospital  surgeon's  mates  to  each 
division,  with  as  many  post  surgeons  as  the  service  may  require,  not 
exceeding  twelve  to  each  division,  who  shall  receive  the  same  pay  and 
emoluments  as  hospital  surgeon's  mates.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  18,  1818  (3  Stats.,  4,10). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  certain  persons  engaged  in  the  land  and  naval  service  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

That  ...  all  officers  in  the  hospital  department  and  medical 
staff  who  served  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution  until  the  end  thereof, 
or  for  the  term  of  nine  months,  or  longer,  at  any  period  of  the  war, 
in  the  continental  establishment  .  .  .  who  is  yet  a  resident  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  and  who  is,  or  hereafter,  by  reason  of  his  reduced 
circumstances  in  life,  shall  be,  in  need  of  assistance  from  his  country 
for  support,  and  shall  have  substantiated  his  claim  to  a  pension  in  the 
manner  hereinafter  directed,  shall  receive  a  pension  from  the  United 
States;  if  an  officer,  of  twenty  dollars  per  month  during  life;  .  .  . 
Provided,  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  the  provisions  of  this  act 
until  he  shall  have  relinquished  his  claim  to  every  pension  heretofore 
allowed  him  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 


410      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  April  U,  1818  (3  Stats.,  4.26). 
AN  ACT  regulating  the  staff  of  the  Army. 

That  so  much  of  the  act  "fixing  the  military  peace  establishment 
of  the  United  States,"  passed  the  third  of  March,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  fifteen,  as  relates  to  hospital  stewards  and  ward  masters, 
and  so  much  of  the  "Act  for  organizing  the  general  staff,  and  making 
further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,"  passed  April 
twenty-fourth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixteen,  as  relates  to 
hospital  surgeons,  hospital  surgeons'  mates,  .  .  .  be,  and  the  same 
is  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  one  Surgeon- General,  with  a  salary  of  two 
thousand  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  one  assistant  surgeon- 
general,  with  the  emoluments  of  a  hospital  surgeon,  .  .  .  and  that 
the  number  of  post  surgeons  be  increased,  not  to  exceed  eight  to  each 

division. 

*  *  * 

May  1,  1820  (3-567). — Section  5  of  this  act  authorizes  the  President  to  direct  a 
,  portion  of  the  money  appropriated  respectively  for  the  service  of  the  Quartermaster's, 
Subsistence,  and  Medical  departments  to  be  applied  to  any  other  of  the  above- 
mentioned  branches  of  expenditure. 

Act  of  May  8,  1820  (3  Stats.,  570). 
AN  ACT  further  to  regulate  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  apothecary -general  and  assistant  apothecaries-general  shall 
severally  give  bonds  to  the  United  States,  with  good  and  sufficient 
security,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties,  in  such  sums  as 
shall  be  required  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  under  the 
direction  of  the  War  Department. 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Medical  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Surgeon- 
General,  eight  surgeons,  with  the  compensation  of  regimental  sur- 
geons, and  forty-five  assistant  surgeons,  with  the  compensation  of  post 
surgeons. 


Act  of  March  3,  1825  (4  Stats.,  127). 
AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  sale  of  unserviceable  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  cause  to  be  sold  any  .  .  .  military  stores,  or  .  .  .  med- 
ical supplies,  which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  shall  appear  to 
be  damaged  or  otherwise  unsuitable  for  the  public  service,  whenever, 
in  his  opinion,  the  sale  of  such  unserviceable  stores  will  be  advantageous 
to  the  public  service. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  inspection  or  survey  of  unserviceable  stores  shall 
be  made  by  an  inspector-general,  or  such  other  officer  or  officers  as  the 
Secretary  of  War  may  appoint  for  that  purpose;  and  the  sales  shall 
be  made  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
Secretary  of  War. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  411 

Act  of  June  28,  1832  {4  Stats.,  550). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  number  of  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  in  the  Army  of 

the  United  States. 

That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  four  additional  surgeons 
and  ten  additional  surgeons'  mates  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

Act  of  June  30,  1834.  (4  Stats.,  714). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  regulate  the  pay  of  the  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  of 

the  Army. 

That  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act  no  person  shall  receive 
the  appointment  of  assistant  surgeon  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States 
unless  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by  an  army  medical 
board,  to  consist  of  not  less  than  three  surgeons  or  assistant  surgeons, 
who  shall  be  designated  for  that  purpose  by  the  Secretary  of  War; 
and  no  person  shall  receive  the  appointment  of  surgeon  in  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  unless  he  shall  have  served  at  least  five  years  as 
an  assistant  surgeon,  and  unless  also  he  shall  have  been  examined  by 
an  army  medical  board,  constituted  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  surgeons  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major;  and  the 
assistant  surgeons  who  ^hall  have  served  five  years  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain;  and  those  who  shall 
have  served  less  than  five  years,  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  first 
lieutenant,  and  that  the  said  assistant  surgeons  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  the  same  allowance  for  forage  as  they  are  at  present  entitled  to. 

Sec.  3.  That  every  surgeon  and  assistant  surgeon  who  shall  have 
served  faithfully  ten  years  in  these  grades,  respectively,  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  an  increase  of  rations  per  day  equal  to  the  number 
of  rations  to  which  he  may  be  entitled  under  this  act. 

Act  of  July  4,  1836  (5  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  appointment  of  additional   paymasters,   and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized  and  empowered  to  appoint  three  additional  surgeons 
and  five  assistant  surgeons,  to  be  attached  to  the  medical  staff  of  the 
Army. 


Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 
♦  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  stewards  of  hospitals  at  posts  of  more  than  four 
companies  be  hereafter  allowed  the  pay,  clothing,  and  rations  of  a 
sergeant  of  ordnance,  and  at  all  other  posts  the  pay,  clothing,  and 
rations  of  the  first  sergeant  of  a  company  of  infantry. 


412       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  15.  That  every  commissioned  officer  of  the  .  .  .  staff, 
exclusive  of  general  officers,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  one  additional 
ration  per  diem  for  every  five  years  he  may  have  served  or  shall  serve 
in  the  Army  of  the  United  States.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  21.  That  all  letters  and  packages  on  public  business,  to  and 
from  .     .     .     the  Surgeon-General  .     .     .  shall  be  free  from  postage. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  hereafter  the  officers  of  the  .  .  .  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  Army  shall  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  officers  of 
cavalry  of  the  same  grades,  respectively,  according  to  which  they  are 
now  paid  by  existing  laws. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  33.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  seven  addi- 
tional surgeons;  and  that  the  officers  whose  appointment  is  authorized 
in  this  section  shall  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  officers  of  the 
same  grades,  respectively. 

Act  of  July  7,  1838  {5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Ninth.  That  the  said  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  allow  the  >  .  . 
Surgeon-General  of  the  Army  the  additional  rations  therein  granted 
to  officers  of  the  line  and  staff  for  every  five  years'  service. 

Act  of  August  23,  181$  (5  Stats.,  512). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  within  one  month  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the 
offices  of  .  .  .,  two  surgeons,  and  ten  assistant  surgeons  of  the 
Army  shall  be  abolished,  and  that  number  of  .  .  .  surgeons  and 
assistant  surgeons  shall  be  discharged  by  the  President,  and  they  shall 
be  allowed  three  months'  pay  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  emoluments 
to  which  they  may  be  entitled  at  the  time  of  their  discharge. 


Act  of  June  18, 181,6  (9  Stats.,  17). 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  providing  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,"  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  when  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service 
of  the  United  States  in  such  numbers  that  the  officers  of  the  .  .  . 
medical  departments  authorized  by  law  be  not  sufficient  to  .  .  . 
furnishing  them  with  the  requisite  medical  attention,  it  shall  be  lawful 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  413 

for  the  President  to  appoint,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
as  many  additional  officers  of  said  departments  as  the  service  may 
require,  not  exceeding  .  .  .  one  surgeon  and  one  assistant  surgeon 
for  each  regiment;  .  .  .  the  said  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons 
to  perform  such  duties  as  the  President  shall  direct:  Provided,  That 
the  said  officers  shall  be  allowed  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are 
now  allowed  to  officers  of  the  same  descriptions  and  grades  in  those 
departments,  respectively;  that  they  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  arti- 
cles of  war,  and  continue  in  service  only  so  long  as  their  services  shall 
be  required  in  connection  with  the  militia  or  volunteers. 


Act  of  February  11,  184,7  (9  Stats.,  123). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  for  a  limited  time  an  additional  military  force,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  '  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  two  additional 
surgeons,  and  twelve  additional  assistant  surgeons  in  the  Regular  Army 
of  the  United  States,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  to  increase  and  regulate  the  pay  of  the  surgeons  and  assistant  sur- 
geons of  the  Army,"  approved  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
thirty-four;  and  that  the  officers  whose  appointment  is  authorized  by 
this  section  shall  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  officers  of  the  same 
grades,  respectively;  and  that  the  rank  of  the  officers  of  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  Army  shall  be  arranged  upon  the  same  basis  which 
at  present  determines  the  amount  of  their  pay  and  emoluments:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  medical  officers  shall  not,  in  virtue  of  such  rank,  be 
entitled  to  command  in  the  line  or  other  staff  departments  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

./"///  10,  1848  (9-246). — Provisions  of  pension  laws  construed  to  apply  to  enlisted 
men  in  the  several  corps  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  July  19,  1848  (9  Stats.,  247). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  'An 
act  providing  for  the  prosecution  of  the  existing  war  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,'  "  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  said  act  passed  on  the  eleventh  of  February, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-seven,  as  requires  the  discharge 
at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico  of  two  additional  surgeons  and 
twelve  additional  assistant  surgeons,  as  authorized  by  the  eighth  sec- 
tion of  said  act,  ...  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Pro- 
vided, That  no  vacancy  happening  under  the  provisions  so  repealed  shall 
be  filled  up  until  further  authorized  by  law.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  2,  1849  (9  Stats.,  351). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  an  increase  of  the  medical  staff  and  for  an  additional  number 
of  chaplains  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  so  much  of  section  third  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  amend 
an  act  entitled  'An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  an  act  providing 
for  the  prosecution  of  the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and 


414       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  Republic  of  Mexico,  and  for  other  purposes,'"  approved  July 
nineteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-eight,  as  prevents  the  filling  of 
vacancies  in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army,  until  further 
authorized  by  law,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  medical  staff  of  the  Army  be  increased  by  the 
addition  of  ten  assistant  surgeons,  to  be  appointed  as  provided  by 
existing  laws  and  the  regulations  made  under  them. 

*  *  * 

September  28,  1850  (9-504). — Moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  military  stores  and 
other  supplies  exempted  from  operation  of  act  of  March  3,  1849,  requiring  certain 
moneys  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  without  abatement  or  reduction. 

Act  of  March  3,  1851  (9  Stats.,  595). 

AN  ACT  to  found  a  military  asylum  for  the  relief  and  support  of  invalid  and  dis- 
abled soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  -x-  -x- 

That  .  .  .  the  Surgeon-General  .  .  .  shall  be  ex  officio 
commissioners  of  the  same,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  August  16,  1856 »  (11  Stats.,  51). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  a  necessary  increase  and  better  organization  of  the  Medical 
and  Hospital  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  there  be  added  to  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  four 
surgeons  and  eight  assistant  surgeons,  to  be  appointed  in  accordance 
with  the  existing  laws. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized 
to  appoint,  from  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army,  or  cause  to  be  enlisted, 
as  many  competent  hospital  stewards  as  the  service  may  require,  not 
to  exceed  one  for  each  military  post,  and  said  hospital  stewards  to  be 
mustered  and  paid  on  hospital  muster  rolls  as  noncommissioned  staff 
officers,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  sergeant  of  ordnance, 
and  to  be  permanently  attached  to  the  Medical  and  Hospital  Depart- 
ment, under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary 
of  War. 


Act  of  June  21,  1860  (12  Stats.,  64). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-one. 


Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Medical  Corps  of  the  Arm}' 
four  surgeons  and  four  assistant  surgeons,  to  be  appointed  in  accord- 
ance with  the  existing  laws. 


1  Section  3  allows  extra  pay  to  soldiers  acting  as  cooks  and  nurses  in  hospitals. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  415 

Act  of  June  23,  1860  (12  Stats.,  91). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 

of  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 

sixtv-one. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
an}r  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  articles,  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made  by  advertising, 
a  sufficient  time  previously,  for  proposals  respecting  the  same.  When 
immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  tne  public  exigency, 
the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or 
contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such  articles  are 
usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such  services  engaged  between  individuals. 
No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made  unless  the  same  be 
authorized  by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfill- 
ment, except  in  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  for  clothing,  subsist- 
ence, forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation,  which,  however,  shall 
not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  No  arms  nor  military 
supplies  whatever,  which  are  of  a  patented  invention,  shall  be  pur- 
chased, nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying  any  patented  invention, 
unless  the  same  shall  be  authorized  by  law,  and  the  appropriation 
therefor  explicitly  set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention. 


Act  of  Fehruai-y  21,  1861  (12  Stats.,  11,7). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth 
of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 


Sec.  5.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-one,"  approved  June  twenty-three,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed,  except  so  far  as 
the  said  section  prohibits  the  purchase  of  patented  firearms,  as  to  which 
the  said  section  shall  still  be  in  force. 


Act  of  March  2,  1861  (12  Stats.,  2U). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  the  article  or  articles,  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made 
by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals  respecting 
the  same.  When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by 
the  public  exigency,  the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured 


416       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

by  open  purchase  or  contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which 
such  articles  are  usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such  services  engaged 
between  individuals.  No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made 
unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  law  or  be  under  an  appropriation 
adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  .  Departments, 
for  clothing,  subsistence,  forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation, 
which,  however,  shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year. 
And  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  [twenty-thirdj  of  June, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,"  shall  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
repealed. 

Act  of  July  22,  1861  {12  Stats.,  268). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  employment  of  volunteers  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  laws  and 
protecting  public  property 


Sec.  3.     .     .     .     Each  brigade     .     .     .     shall  have     .     .     .     one 
surgeon.     .     .     .  ' 


Act  of  August  3,  1861  (12  Stats.,  287.) 
AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 


Sec.  2.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  in  addition 
to  the  number  authorized  by  existing  laws  and  in  accordance  with 
existing  regulations,  .  .  .  ten  surgeons  and  twenty  assistant  sur- 
geons, to  have  the  pay,  rank,  and  allowances,  and  perform  the  duties 
of  similar  officers  in  the  present  military  establishment.  .  .  . 
*  •  * 

Sec.  5.  That  there  be  added  to  the  medical  staff  of  the  Army  a  corps 
of  medical  cadets,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  act  as  dressers  in  the  gen- 
eral hospitals,  and  as  ambulance  attendants  in  the  field,  under  the 
direction  and  control  of  the  medical  officers  alone.  They  shall  have  the 
same  rank  and  pay  as  the  military  cadets  at  West  Point.  Their  num- 
ber shall  be  regulated  by  the  exigencies  of  the  service,  at  no  time  to 
exceed  fifty.  It  shall  be  composed  of  young  men  of  liberal  education, 
students  of  medicine,  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  twenty-three, 
who  have  been  reading  medicine  for  two  years,  and  have  attended  at 
least  one  course  of  lectures  in  a  medical  college.  They  shall  enlist  for 
one  year,  and  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war.  On  the 
fifteenth  day  of  the  last  month  of  their  service  the  near  approach  of 
their  discharge  shall  be  reported  to  the  Surgeon-General,  in  order,  if 
desired,  that  they  may  be  relieved  by  another  detail  of  applicants. 

Sec.  6.  That  in  general  or  permanent  hospitals  female  nurses  may 
be  substituted  for  soldiers  when,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Surgeon-General 
or  medical  officer  in  charge,  it  is  expedient  to  do  so;  the  number  of 
female  nurses  to  be  indicated  by  the  Surgeon-General  or  surgeon  in 
charge  of  the  hospital.     The  nurses  so  employed  to  receive  forty  cents 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPAKTMENT.  417 

a  day  and  one  ration  in  kind,  or  by  commutation,  in  lieu  of  all  emolu- 
ments except  transportation  in  kind. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  there  may  be  allowed  in  hospitals,  to  be  provided  under 
such  rules  as  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  may  prescribe  such  quantities  of  f  resn  or  pre- 
served fruits,  milk  or  butter,  and  of  eggs  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
proper  diet  of  the  sick. 


Act  of  April  16,  1862  {12  Stats.,  378). 

AN  ACT  to  reorganize  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Medical  Department  of 

the  Army. 

That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  present  Medical  Corps  of  the  Army 
ten  surgeons  and  ten  assistant  surgeons,  to  be  promoted  and  appointed 
under  existing  laws;  twenty  medical  cadets,  and  as  many  hospital 
stewards  as  the  Surgeon-General  may  consider  necessary  for  the  public 
service;  and  that  their  pay  and  that  of  all  hospital  stewards  in  the 
volunteer  as  well  as  the  regular  service  shall  be  thirty  dollars  per 
month,  to  be  computed  from  the  passage  of  this  act.  And  all  med- 
ical cadets  in  the  service  shall,  in  addition  to  their  pay,  receive  one 
ration  per  day,  either  in  kind  or  commutation. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Surgeon-General  to  be  appointed  under  this  act 
shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general. 
There  shall  be  one  assistant  surgeon-general  and  one  medical  inspector- 
general  of  hospitals,  each  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a 
colonel  of  cavalry;  and  the  medical  inspector-general  shall  have,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Surgeon-General,  the  supervision  of  all  that 
relates  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  Army,  whether  in  transports, 
quarters,  or  camps,  and  of  the  hygiene,  police,  discipline,  and  effi- 
ciency of  field  and  general  hospitals,  under  such  regulations  as  may 
hereafter  be  established. 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  eight  medical  inspectors  with  the  ranks, 
pay,  and  emoluments  each  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry,  and  who 
shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  inspecting  the  sanitary  condition  of 
transports,  quarters,  and  camps,  of  field  and  general  hospitals,  and 
who  shall  report  to  the  medical  inspector-general,  under  such  regula- 
tions as  may  be  hereafter  established,  all  circumstances  relating  to  the 
sanitary  condition  and  wants  of  the  troops  and  of  the  hospitals,  and 
to  the  skill,  efficiency,  and  good  conduct  of  the  officers  and  attendants 
connected  with  the  Medical  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Surgeon-General,  the  assistant  surgeon-general, 
medical  inspector-general,  and  medical  inspector  shall,  immediately 
after  the  passage  of  this  act,  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  by  selection  from  the  Med- 
ical Corps  of  the  Army,  or  from  the  surgeons  in  the  volunteer  service, 
without  regard  to  their  rank  when  so  selected,  but  with  sole  regard  to 
qualifications. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  medical  purveyors  shall  be  charged,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Surgeon-General,  with  the  selection  and  purchase  of 
all  medical  supplies,  including  new  standard  preparations,  and  of  all 
books,    instruments,   hospital  stores,   furniture,   and  other  articles 

S.  Doc.  229 27 


418       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

required  for  the  sick  and  wounded  of  the  Army.  In  all  cases  of  emer- 
gency thejr  may  provide  such  additional  accommodations  for  the  sick 
and  wouncled  of  the  Arnry ,  and  may  transport  such  medical  supplies 
'as  circumstances  may  render  necessary,  under  such  regulations  as  may 
hereafter  be  established,  and  shall  make  prompt  and  immediate  issues 
upon  all  special  requisitions  made  upon  them  under  such  circumstances 
by  medical  officers;  and  the  special  requisitions  shall  consist  simply  of 
a  list  of  the  articles  required,  the  qualities  required,  dated  and  signed 
b}'  the  medical  officers  requiring  them. 

Sec.  6.  That  whenever  the  Inspector-General  or  any  one  of  the 
medical  inspectors  shall  report  an  officer  of  the  Medical  Corps  as  dis- 
qualified, by  age  or  otherwise,  for  promotion  to  a  higher  grade,  or 
unfitted  for  the  performance  of  his  professional  duties,  he  shall  be 
reported  by  the  Surgeon-General  for  examination  to  a  medical  board, 
as  provided  by  the  seventeenth  section  of  the  act  approved  August 
third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  continue  and  be  in  force 
during  the  existence  of  the  present  rebellion  and  no  longer:  Provided, 
however,  That  when  this  act  shall  expire  all  officers  who  shall  have 
been  promoted  from  the  medical  staff  of  the  Army  under  this  act  shall 
retain  their  respective  rank  in  the  Army  with  such  promotion  as  they 
would  have  been  entitled  to. 

Act  of  May  U,  1862  (12  Stats.,  385). 

AN  ACT  to  facilitate  ,the  discharge  of  enlisted  men  for  physical  disability. 

That  the  medical  Inspector-General  or  any  medical  inspector  is 
hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  discharge  from  the  service  of 
the  United  States  any  soldier,  or  enlisted  man,  with  the  consent  of  such 
soldier  or  enlisted  man,  in  the  permanent  hospitals,  laboring  under 
any  physical  disability  which  makes  it  disadvantageous  to  the  service 
that  he  be  retained  therein,  and  the  certificate  in  writing  of  such 
Inspector-General  or  medical  inspector,  setting  forth  the  existence 
and  nature  of  such  physical  disabilfty,  shall  be  sufficient  evidence  of 
such  discharge:  Provided,  however,  That  every  such  certificate  shall 
appear  on  its  face  to  have  been  founded  on  personal  inspection  of  the 
soldier  so  discharged,  and  shall  specifically  describe  the  nature  and 
origin  of  such  disability ;  .  .  .  and  report  the  same  to  the  Adju- 
tant-General and  the  Surgeon-General. 

Act  of  May  20,  1862 l  (12  Stats.,  403). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  medical  storekeepers  and  chaplains  of 

hospitals. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  authorized  to  add  to  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  Arm}-  medical  storekeepers,  not  exceeding  six  in 
number,  who  shall  have  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  military  store- 
keepers in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  who  shall  be  skilled  apoth- 
ecaries or  druggists,  who  shall  give  the  bond  and  security  required  by 
existing  laws  for  military  storekeepers  in  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, and  who  shall  be  stationed  at  such  points  as  the  necessities  of 

1  Section  2  authorizes  the  appointment  of  a  chaplain  to  each  permanent  hospital, 
whose  pay  shall  be  the  same  as  that  of  a  regimental  chaplain. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPAKTMENT.  419 

the  Army  may  require:  Provided,  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 

remain  in  force  only  during1  the  continuance  of  the  present  rebellion. 

*  *  * 

June  2,  1S62  (12-411). — Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts,  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts, 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

Act  of  July  0,  1862  (12  Stats.,  502). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  additional  medical  officers  of  the  volunteer  service. 

That  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  forty  surgeons  and  one  hundred  and 
twenty  assistant  surgeons  of  volunteers,  who  shall  have  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  officers  of  corresponding  grades  in  the  Regular 
Army :  Provided,  That  no  one  shall  be  appointed  to  any  position  under 
this  act  unless  he  shall  previously  have  been  examined  by  a  board  of 
medical  officers  to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  that 
vacancies  in  the  grade  of  surgeon  shall  be  filled  by  selection  from  the 
grade  of  assistant  surgeon  on  the  ground  of  merit  only:  And  provided 
further,  That  this  act  shall  continue  in  force  only  during  the  existence 
of  the  present  rebellion. 

Sec.  2.  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  brigade  surgeons 
shall  be  known  and  designated  as  surgeons  of  volunteers,  and  shall  be 
attached  to  the  general  medical  staff,  under  the  direction  of  the  Surgeon- 
General;  and  hereafter  such  appointments  for  the  medical  service  of 
the  Army  shall  be  appointed  surgeons  of  volunteers. 
*  *  * 

July  17,  1862  (12-594). — Contractors  for  military  supplies  guilty  of  fraud  to  be 
subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  Army.  This  provision  was 
extended  by  section  7  of  the  act  of  July  7,  1864  (13-394),  to  apply  to  their  agents 
and  to  all  inspectors  of  military  supplies. 

Act  of  July  17,  1862  (12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 

suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty-eighth, 

seventeen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  act3  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  medical  purveyors  and  storekeepers  shall  give 
bonds  in  such  sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  require,  with  security 
to  be  approved  by  him. 

Act  of  December  27,  1862  (12  Stats.,  633). 

AN  ACT  to  facilitate  the  discharge  of  disabled   soldiers  from  the  Army,  and  the 
inspection  oi  convalescent  camps  and  hospitals. 

That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  present  Medical  Corps  of  the  Army 
eight  medical  inspectors,  who  shall,  immediately  after  the  passage  of 
this  act,  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  ana  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  without  regard  to  their  rank  when  so  selected, 
but  with  sole  regard  to  qualifications,  and  who  shall  have  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  now  authorized  by  law  to  officers  of  that  grade. 


420       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  2„  That  the  officers  of  the  medical  inspector's  department  shall 
be  charged,  in  addition  to  the  duties  now  assigned  to  them  by  existing 
laws,  with  the  duty  of  making  regular  and  frequent  inspections  of  all 
military  general  hospitals  and  convalescent  camps,  and  shall,  upon  such 
inspection,  designate  to  the  surgeon  in  charge  of-  such  hospitals  or 
camps,  all  soldiers  who  may  be,  in  their  opinion,  fit  subjects  for  dis- 
charge from  the  service,  on  surgeon's  certificate  of  disability,  or  suf- 
ficiently recovered  to  be  returned  to  their  regiments  for  dutj^,  and  shall 
see  that  such  soldiers  are  discharged  or  so  returned.  And  the  medical 
inspecting  officers  are  hereby  empowered,  under  such  regulations  as 
may  be  hereafter  established,  to  direct  the  return  to  duty  or  the  dis- 
charge from  the  service,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  all  soldiers  designated 
by  them. 

Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  743). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  of  the  Ordnance 
Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  8.  That  the  officers  of  the  Medical  Department  shall  unite  with 
the  line  officers  of  the  Army,  under  ,such  rules  and  regulations  as  shall 
be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  supervising  the  cooking 
within  the  same  as  an  important  sanitary  measure,  and  that  said  Med- 
ical Department  shall  promulgate  to  its  officers  such  regulations  and 
instructions  as  may  tend  to  insure  the  proper  preparation  of  the  ration 
of  the  soldier. 


Act  of  March  11,  186 %  {13  Stats.,  20). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  ambulances  in  the  armies  of  the  United 

States. 

That  the  medical  director  or  chief  medical  officer,  of  each  army  corps 
shall,  under  the  control  of  the  medical  director  of  the  army  to  which 
such  army  corps  belongs,  have  the  direction  and  supervision  of  all 
ambulances,  medicine,  and  other  wagons,  horses,  mules,  harness,  and 
other  fixtures  appertaining  thereto,  and  of  all  officers  and  men  who 
may  be  detailed  or  employed  to  assist  him  in  the  management  thereof , 
in  the  army  corps  in  which  he  may  be  serving. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  commanding  officer  of  each  arnry  corps  shall  detail 
officers  and  enlisted  men  for  service  in  the  ambulance  corps  of  such 
army  corps,  upon  the  following  basis,  viz:  One  captain,  who  shall  be 
commandant  of  said  ambulance  corps;  one  first  lieutenant  for  each 
division  in  such  army  corps;  one  second  lieutenant  for  each  brigade  in 
such  army  corps;  one  sergeant  for  each  regiment  in  such  army  corps; 
three  privates  for  each  ambulance,  and  one  private  for  each  wagon: 
and  the  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  of  the  ambulance  corps 
shall  be  mounted:  Provided,  That  the  officers,  noncommissioned  officers, 
and  privates  so  detailed  for  each  army  corps  shall  be  examined  by  a 
board  of  medical  officers  of  such  army  corps  as  to  their  fitness  for  such 
duty;  and  that  such  as  are  found  to  be  not  qualified  shall  be  rejected 
and  others  detailed  in  their  stead. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  421 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  allowed  and  furnished  to  each  army  corps 
two-horse  ambulances,  upon  the  following  basis,  to  wit:  Threfetoeach 
regiment  of  infantry  of  live  hundred  men  or  more;  two  to  each  regi- 
ment of  infantry  of  more  than  two  hundred  and  less  than  five  hundred 
men  or  more;  and  one  to  each  regiment  of  infantry  of  less  than  two 
hundred  men;  two  to  each  regiment  of  cavalry  of  five  hundred  men  or 
more;  and  one  to  each  regiment  of  cavalry  of  less  than  five  hundred 
men;  one  to  each  battery  of  artillery,  to  which  battery  of  artillery  it 
shall  be  permanently  attached;  to  the  headquarters  of  each  army  corps, 
two  such  ambulances;  and  to  each  division  train  of  ambulances,  two 
army  wagons;  and  ambulances  shall  be  allowed  and  furnished  to  divi- 
sion brigades  and  commands  not  attached  to  any  army  corps  upon  the 
same  basis,  and  each  ambulance  shall  be  provided  with  such  number  of 
stretchers  and  other  appliances  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Surgeon- 
General:  Provided,  That  the  ambulances  and  wagons  herein  mentioned 
shall  be  furnished,  so  far  as  practicable,  from  the  ambulances  and 
wagons  now  in  the  service. 

Sec.  4.  That  horse  and  mule  litters  may  be  adopted  or  authorized 
by  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  lieu  of  ambulances,  when  judged  neces- 
sary, under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
medical  director  of  each  army  corps. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  captain  shall  be  the  commander  of  all  the  ambu- 
lances, medicine,  and  other  wagons  in  the  corps  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  the  medical  director  or  chief  medical  officer  of  the  army 
corps  to  which  the  ambulance  corps  belongs.  He  shall  pay  special 
attention  to  the  condition  of  the  ambulances,  wagons,  horses,  mules, 
harness,  and  other  fixtures  appertaining  thereto,  and  see  that  they  are 
at  all  times  in  readiness  for  service;  that  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
ambulance  corps  are  properly  instructed  in  their  duties,  and  that  their 
duties  are  performed,  and  that  the  regulations  which  may  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  Secretary  of  War  or  the  Surgeon-General  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  ambulance  corps  are  strictly  observed  by  those  under 
his  command.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  institute  a  drill  in  his  corps, 
instructing  his  men  in  the  most  easy  and  expeditious  manner  of  mov- 
ing the  sick  and  wounded,  and  to  require  in  all  cases  that  the  sick  and 
wounded  shall  be  treated  with  gentleness  and  care,  and  that  the  ambu- 
lances and  wagons  are  at  all  times  provided  with  attendants,  drivers, 
horses,  mules,  and  whatever  maybe  necessary  for  their  efficiency;  and 
it  shall  be  his  duty  also  to  see  that  the  ambulances  are  not  used  for  any 
other  purpose  than  that  for  which  they  are  designed  and  ordered.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  medical  director  or  chief  medical  officer  of  the 
army  corps,  previous  to  a  march  and  previous  to  and  in  time  of  action, 
or  whenever  it  may  be  necessary  to  use  the  ambulances,  to  issue  proper 
orders  to  the  captain  for  the  distribution  and  management  of  the 
same,  for  collecting  the  sick  and  wounded  and  conveying  them  to  their 
destination.  And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  captain,  faithfully  and 
diligently  to  execute  such  orders.  And  the  officers  of  the  ambulance 
corps,  including  the  medical  director,  shall  make  such  reports  from 
time  to  time  as  may  be  required  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Surgeon- 
General,  and  medical  director  of  the  Army,  or  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  army  corps  in  which  they  may  be  serving;  and  all  reports  to 
higher  authority  than  the  commanding  officer  of  the  army  corps  shall 
be  transmitted  through  the  medical  director  of  the  Army  to  which  such 
army  corps  belongs. 


422       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  first  lieutenant  assigned  to  the  ambulance  corps  for 
a  division  shall  have  complete  control,  under  the  captain  of  his  corps 
and  the  medical  director  of  the  army  corps,  of  all  the  ambulances, 
medicine,  and  other  wagons,  horses,  mules,  and  men  in  that  portion  of 
the  ambulance  corps.  He  shall  be  the  acting  assistant  quartermaster 
for  that  portion  of  the  ambulance  corps,  and  will  receipt  for  and  be 
responsible  for  all  the  property  belonging  to  it,  and  be  held  responsi- 
ble for  any  deficiency  in  anything  appertaining-  thereto.  He  shall  have 
a  traveling  cavalry  forge,  a  blacksmith,  and  a  saddler,  who  shall  be 
under  his  orders,  to  enable  him  to  keep  his  train  in  order.  He  shall 
have  authority  to  draw  supplies  from  the  depot  quartermaster  upon 
requisitions  approved  by  the  captain  of  his  corps,  the  medical  director, 
and  the  commander  of  the  army  corps  to  which  he  is  attached.  It  shall 
be  his  duty  to  exercise  a  constant  supervision  over  his  train  in  every 
particular,  and  keep  it  at  all  times  ready  for  service. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  second  lieutenant  shall  have  command  of  the  portion 
of  the  ambulance  corps  for  a  brigade,  and  shall  be  under  the  immediate 
orders  of  the  first  lieutenant,  and  he  shall  exercise  a  careful  supervision 
over  the  sergeants  and  privates  assigned  to  the  portion  of  the  ambu- 
lance corps  for  his  brigade;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  sergeants 
to  conduct  the  drills  and  inspections  of  the  ambulances,  under  his 
orders,  of  their  respective  regiments. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  ambulances  in  the  armies  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  used  only  for  the  transportation  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  and,  in 
urgent  cases  only,  for  medical  supplies,  and  all  persons  shall  be  pro- 
hibited from  using  them,  or  requiring  them  to  be  used,  for  any  other 
purpose.  It  shall  be  the  dut}r  of  the  officers  of  the  ambulance  corps  to 
report  to  the  commander  of  the  army  corps  any  violation  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section,  or  any  attempt  to  violate  the  same.  And  any 
officer  who  shall  use  an  ambulance,  or  require  it  to  be  used  for  any 
other  purpose  than  as  provided  in  this  section,  shall  for  the  first  offense 
be  publicly  reprimanded  by  the  commander  of  the  army  corps  in  which 
he  may  be  serving,  and  for  the  second  offense  shall  be  dismissed  from 
the  service. 

Sec.  9.  That  no  person  except  the  proper  medical  officers,  or  the 
officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  and  privates  of  the  ambulance  corps, 
or  such  persons  as  may  be  especially  assigned  by  competent  military 
authority  to  duty  with  the  ambulance  corps  for  the  occasion,  shall  be 
permitted  to  take  or  accompany  sick  or  wounded  men  to  the  rear 
either  on  the  march  or  upon  the  field  of  battle. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  and  privates 
of  the  ambulance  corps  shall  be  designated  by  such  uniform  or  in  such 
manner  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  deem  proper:  Provided,  That 
officers  and  men  may  be  relieved  from  service  in  said  corps  and  others 
detailed  to  the  same,  subject  to  the  examination  provided  in  the  second 
section  of  this  act,  in  the  discretion  of  the  commanders  of  the  armies 
in  which  they  may  be  serving. 

Sec.  11.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commander  of  the  army 
corps  to  transmit  to  the  Adjutant-General  the  names  and  rank  of  all 
officers  and  enlisted  men  detailed  for  service  in  the  ambulance  corps 
of  such  army  corps,  stating  the  organizations  from  which  they  may 
have  been  so  detailed;  and  if  such  officers  and  men  belong  to  volun- 
teer organizations,  the  Adjutant-General  shall  thereupon  notify  the 
governors  of  the  several  States  in  which  such  organizations  were 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  423 

raised  of  their  detail  for  such  service,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
commander  of  the  army  corps  to  report  to  the  Adjutant-General  from 
time  to  time  the  conduct  and  behavior  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men 
of  the  ambulance  corps,  and  the  Adjutant-General  shall  forward  copies 
of  such  reports,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  of 
volunteer  organizations,  to  the  governors  of  the  States  in  which  such 
organizations  were  raised. 

Sec.  12.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  diminish  or 
impair  the  rightful  authority  of  the  commanders  of  armies,  army  corps, 
or  separate  detachments,  over  the  medical  and  other  officers  and  the 
noncommissioned  officers  and  privates  of  their  respective  commands. 

April  9,  1864  (10-46). — Commanders  of  hospitals  to  afford  to  chaplains  on  duty 
thereat  such  facilities  as  may  aid  them  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 

.hihl  4,  1864. — Hospital  matrons,  from  and  after  July  1,  to  receive  $10  per  month 
and  1  ration. 

Act  of  February  25,  1865  (13  Stats.,  437). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Medical  Corps  of  the  Army. 

That  the  medical  director  of  an  army  in  the  field  consisting  of  two 
or  more  army  corps,  and  the  medical  director  of  a  military  depart- 
ment in  which  there  are  United  States  general  hospitals  containing 
four  thousand  beds  or  upwards,  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  a  colonel  of  cavalry;  and  the  medical  director  of  an  army 
corps  in  the  field,  or  of  a  department  in  which  there  are  United  States 
hospitals  containing  less  than  four  thousand  beds,  shall  have  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry.  But  this 
increased  rank  and  pay  shall  only  continue  to  medical  officers  while 
discharging  such  special  duties;  and  the  assignments  from  time  to  time 
to  such  duty  shall  be  at  least  two-thirds  of  them  made  from  among  the 
surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  of  volunteers. 

March  10,  1866  (14-351). — Authorizes  issue  of  blankets,  bedding,  etc.,  in  the  stores 
of  the  Surgeon-General  and  no  longer  needed  to  the  National  Home  for  Soldiers  and 
Sailors'  Orphans  of  Washington  City. 

July  14,  1866  (14-364). — Surplus  bedding  and  hospital  furniture  may  be  issued  to 
families  rendered  homeless  and  destitute  by  fire  in  Portland,  Me. 

July  16,  1866  (14-173). — Medical  stores  and  attendance  may  be  furnished  to  desti- 
tute refugees  and  freedmen. 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (Ij.  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  17.  That  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter 
consist  of  one  Surgeon-General  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 
of  a  brigadier-general;  one  assistant  surgeon-general  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry;  one  chief  medical  pur- 
veyor and  four  assistant  medical  purveyors  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels  of  cavalry,  who  shall  give  the  same 
bonds  which  are  or  may  be  required  of  assistant  paymaster-generals  of 
like  grade,  and  shall,  when  not  acting  as  purveyors,  be  assignable  to 
duty  as  surgeons  by  the  President;  sixty  surgeons  with  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  majors  of  cavalry;  otic  hundred  and  fifty  assistant 
surgeons  with  the  rank,  pay.  and  emoluments  of  lieutenants  of  cavalry 


424      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

for  the  first  three  years'  service,  and  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  captains  of  cavalry  after  three  years'  service;  and  five  medi- 
cal storekeepers  with  the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by 
law;  and  all  the  original  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  assistant  surgeon 
shall  be  filled  by  selection  by  examination  from  among  the  persons 
who  have  served  as  staff  or  regimental  surgeons,  or  assistant  surgeons 
of  volunteers  in  th<*  Army  of  the  United  States  two  years  during 
the  late  war;  and  persons  who  have  served  as  assistant  surgeons  three 
j^ears  in  the  volunteer  service  shall  be  eligible  for  promotion  to  the 
grade  of  captain;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to 
appoint  from  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army,  or  cause  to  be  enlisted, 
as  manj7  hospital  stewards  as  the  service  may  require,  to  be  per- 
manently attached  to  the  Medical  Department,  under  such  regulations 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  prescribe. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  Surgeon-General  .  .  .  shall  here- 
after be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong, 
and  no  person  shall  be  appointed  to  any  vacancy  created  by  this  act  in 
the  .  .  .  medical  .  .  .  departments  until  he  shall  have  passed 
the  examination  now  required  by  law. 


Act  of  March  2,  1867  (U  Stats.,  428). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  temporary  increase  of  the  pay  of  officers  in  the  Army  of  the 
United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  and  fix 
the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,"  approved  July 
twenty:eight,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  as  related  to  the  promo- 
tion of  assistant  surgeons  after  three  years'  service  shall  be  amended 
so  as  to  read  "And  persons  who  have  served  as  surgeons  or  assistant 
surgeons  three  years  in  the  volunteer  force  shall  be  eligible  for  pro- 
motion to  the  grade  of  captain." 

*  •  * 

March  2,  1867  {14-571). — Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

March  22,  1867  {15-21). — Surplus  medical  stores  may  be  sold  at  first  prices  to  the 
National  Asylum  for  Disabled  Volunteers.  . 

Resolution  of  March  12,  1868  (IS  Stats.,  250). 

A  RESOLUTION  providing  for  the  issue  of  clothing  to  soldiers  and  others  to  replace 
clothing  destroyed  to  prevent  contagion. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  at  any 
time,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  to 
order  gratuitous  issues  of  clothing  to  soldiers  who  have  had  contagious 
diseases,  and  to  hospital  attendants  who  have  nursed  and  attended  such 
soldiers,  to  replace  the  articles  of  their  clothing  which  have  been 
destroyed  by  order  of  the  proper  medical  officers  to  prevent  contagion. 

June25, 1868  {15-254). — All  distilled  spirits  produced  during  experiments  for  testing 
meters  for  the  Internal-Revenue  Service  to  be  sold  to  the  Surgeon-General  for  use  in 
the  army  hospitals. 


THE   MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT.  425 

Art  nf.lnh,  07,  1868  (15  Stats. 


AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Columbia  Institution  for  the 
Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  establishing  additional  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  institution,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  6.  .  .  .  That  all  expenditures  for  the  said  Providence  Hos- 
pital and  appropriations  of  Congress  shall  be  made  under  tne  direction 
and  control  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  report  at  the  December  session  of  every  Congress  a  full  and  com- 
plete statement  of  all  expenses  incurred  under  and  by  virtue  of  appro- 
priations made  by  Congress. 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  all  expenditures  for  the  Columbia  Hospital  for 
Women  and  Lying-in  Asylum  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Sur- 
geon-General of  the  Army,  who  shall  also  report  to  Congress  at  every 
December  session  a  full  and  accurate  account  of  all  expenditures  made 
by  said  asylum  out  of  appropriations  by  Congress.     .     .     . 

March  3,  1869  (15-301). — Contract  for  hospital  treatment  of  60  transient  paupers, 
etc.,  in  Washington  to  be  made  by  the  Surgeon-General.  [In  1872  the  contract 
was  to  be  made  by  the  Secretary  of  War;  in  1874  the  number  of  transients  was 
increased  to  75;  and  since  1876  the  duty  was  intrusted  to  the  Surgeon-General  and 
Providence  Hospital  designated  as  the  institution.] 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions    ...    in  the  Medical  Department. 


Act  of  June  17,  1870  (16  Stats.,  153). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  furnishing  artificial  limbs  to  disabled  soldiers. 

That  every  soldier  who  was  disabled  during  the  late  war  for  the 
suppression  of  the  rebellion,  and  who  was  furnished  by  the  War 
Department  with  an  artificial  limb,  or  apparatus  for  resection,  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  a  new  limb  or  apparatus  as  soon  after  the  pas- 
sage of  this  act  as  the  same  can  be  practicably  furnished,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  every  five  years  thereafter,  under  such  regulations  as 
maybe  prescribed  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army:  Provided, 
That  the  soldier  may,  if  he  so  elect,  receive  instead  of  said  limb  or 
apparatus  the  money  value  thereof  at  the  following  rates,  viz:  For 
artificial  legs,  seventy-five  dollars;  for  arms,  fifty  dollars;  for  feet, 
fifty  dollars;  for  apparatus  for  resection,  fifty  dollars. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  ourgeon-General  shall  certify  to  the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions  a  list  of  all  soldiers  who  have  elected  to  receive  money 
commutation  instead  of  limbs  or  apparatus,  with  the  amount  due  to 
each,  and  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  paid 
to  such  soldiers     .     .     . 


426       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  12,  1872  (17  Stats.,  Ifi). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  designation  of  a  chief  medical  purveyor. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  hereby  is,  author- 
ized to  appoint  by  selection  from  the  present  assistant  medical  pur- 
veyors, by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a  chief 
medical  purveyor  of  the  Army  to  fill  the  vacancy  now  existing.  Noth- 
ing herein  shall  be  construed  to  increase  the  pay  of  the  officers 
appointed  to  fill  said  vacancy. 

May  15,  1872  (17-117). — This  act  establishes  rates  of  pay  of  hospital  stewards  from 
and  after  July  1,  1872.     (See  sec.x1280,  R.  S.) 

Act  of  May  28,  1872  (17  Stats.,  164). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  furnishing  trusses  to  disabled  soldiers. 

That  every  soldier  of  the  Union  Army  who  was  ruptured  while  in 
the  line  of  duty  during  the  late  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebel- 
lion shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  single  or  double  truss  of  such  style 
as  may  be  designated  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  United  States 
Army  as  the  best  suited  for  such  disability. 

Sec.  2.  That  application  for  such  truss  shall  be  made  by  the  ruptured 
soldier  to  an  examining  surgeon  for  pensions,  whose  duty  it  shall  be 
to  examine  such  applicant,  and  for  every  such  applicant  found  to  have 
a  rupture  or  hernia  shall  prepare  and  forward  to  the  Surgeon-General 
an  application  for  such  truss,  without  charge  to  the  soldier. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  United  States  Army  is 
hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  purchase  and  procure  the  number 
of  trusses  which  may  be  required  for  distribution  to  such  disabled  sol- 
diers, at  a  price  not  greater  than  the  same  are  sold  to  the  trade  at 
wholesale;  and  the  cost  of  the  same  shall  be  paid,  upon  the  requisition 
of  the  Surgeon- General,  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  other- 
wise appropriated. 

Act  of  June  8,  1872  (17  Stats.,  338). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  supplementary  to  an  act  to  provide  for 
furnishing  artificial  limbs  to  disabled  soldiers,"  approved  June  thirtieth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy. 

That  the  acts  approved  June  seventeen,  eighteen  hundred  and  sev- 
enty, and  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  for  supplying 
artificial  limbs,  or  commutation  for  the  same,  to  officers,  soldiers,  and 
seamen,  shall  apply  to  all  officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  enlisted 
and  hired  men  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the  United  States  who, 
in  the  line  of  their  duty  as  such,  shall  have  lost  limbs  or  sustained 
bodily  injuries  depriving  them  of  the  use  of  any  of  their  limbs,  to  be 
determined  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army. 
*  *  * 

June  10,  1872  (17-347).— After  June  30,  1872,  control  of  Freedmen's  Hospital  is  to 
be  vested  in  the  Secretary  of  War  [presumably  under  the  supervision  of  the  Surgeon- 
General]. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  427 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  582). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  establishment   of  a  military  prison,  and  for  its  govern- 
ment. 


Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  of  the  prison  shall  consist  of  ...  a 
surgeon,  .  .  .  who  shall  be  detailed  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
from  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  Army;     .     .     . 


Resolution  of  March  25,  187 %  (18  Stats.,  286). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  detail  a  medical  officer 
of  the  Army  to  inquire  into  and  report  upon  the  causes  of  epidemic  cholera. 

That  the  Secretary  of  "War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and 
directed  to  detail  one  medical  officer  of  the  Army,  who  shall,  during 
the  present  year,  under  the  direction  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the 
Army,  .  .  .  visit  the  towns  at  which  cholera  prevailed  during 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  or  such  of  them  as  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Surgeon-General  .  .  .  may  be  necessary,  confer  with  the 
health  authorities  and  resident  physicians  of  such  towns,  and  collect 
as  far  as  possible  all  facts  of  importance  with  regard  to  such  epidemic, 
and  shall  make  a  detailed  report  of  the  information  collected  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy -five,  to 
the  President,  to  be  submitted  to  Congress.  And  the  Surgeon-General 
is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
for  publication,  such  information  on  the  subject  as  he  may  have  or 
shall  obtain. 

Act  of  June  23,  187 "j,  (18  Stats.,  2U). 

AN  ACT  reorganizing  the  several  staff  corps  of  the  Army. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter 
consist  of  one  Surgeon-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 
of  a  brigadier-general;  one  assistant  surgeon-general,  and  one  chief 
medical  purveyor,  each  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a 
colonel;  and  two  assistant  medical  purveyors,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and 
emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels,  who  shall  give  the  same  bonds  which 
are  or  may  be  required  of  assistant  paymasters-general  of  like  grade, 
and  shall,  when  not  acting  as  purveyors,  be  assignable  to  duty  as  sur- 
geons by  the  President;  fifty  surgeons  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emolu- 
ments of  majors;  one  hundred  and  fifty  assistant  surgeons,  with  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenants  of  cavalry  for  the  first  five 
years'  service,  and  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  captains  of 
cavalry  after  five  years'  service;  and  four  medical  storekeepers,  with 
the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by  law;  and  all  the  original 
vacancies  in  the  grade  of  assistant  surgeon  .shall  bo  filled  by  selection 
by  competitive  examination;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby 
authorized  to  appoint,  from  the  enlisted  nun  of  the  Army,  or  cause  to 
be  enlisted,  as  many  hospital  stewards  as  the  service  may  require,  to 
be  permanently  attached  to  the  Medical  Department,  under  such  regu- 


428       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

lations  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  prescribe.     And  the  number  of 
contract  surgeons  shall  be  limited  to  seventy-five,  on  or  before  the 
first  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five;  and  there- 
after no  more  than  that  number  shall  be  employed. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  law  herein  made,  reducing 
the  number  of  officers  in  any  department  or  corps  of  the  staff. 

Sec.  7,  That  as  vacancies  shall  occur  in  any  of  the  grades  of  the 
.  .  .  medical  departments,  no  appointments  shall  be  made  to  fill 
the  same  until  the  numbers  in  such  grade  shall  be  reduced  to  the 
numbers  which  are  fixed  for  permanent  appointments  by  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act;  and  thereafter  the  number  of  permanent  officers  in 
said  grades  shall  continue  to  conform  to  said  reduced  numbers,  and 
all  other  grades  in  said  .  .  .  medical  departments  than  those 
authorized  by  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  cease  to  exist  as  soon  as 
the  same  shall  become  vacant  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise;  and 
no  appointment  or  promotion  shall  hereafter  be  made  to  fill  any 
vacancy  which  may  occur  therein. 

Sec.  8.  That  so  much  of  section  six  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as 
applies  to  the  .  .  .  medical  departments  of  the  Army  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided,  That  this  section  repealing  said 
section  shall  not  apply  to  any  of  the  grades  of  the  medical  .  .  . 
departments  which  are  omitted  or  abolished  by  the  provisions  of  this 
act. 

Act  of  January  1st,  1875  (18  Stats.,  29$). 

AN  ACT  suspending  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  reorganizing  the  several 
staff  corps  of  the  Army,"  approved  June  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy-four,  as  applies  to  contract  surgeons. 

That  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  reorganizing  the  several 
staff  corps  of  the  Army,"  approved  June  twenty-third,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-four,  as  applies  to  contract  surgeons,  be,  and  is 
hereby,  suspended  until  otherwise  provided  by  law. 

Act  of  June  26,  1876  {19  Stats.,  61). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  the  number  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  medical  corps  of  the 

United  States  Army. 

That  the  number  of  assistant  surgeons  now  allowed  by  law  shall  be 
reduced  to  one  hundred  and  twenty -five;  that  the  office  of  medical  store- 
keeper is  hereby  abolished;  that  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this 
act,  in  addition  to  the  grades  now  allowed  by  law,  there  shall  be  four 
surgeons  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels;  eight  sur- 
geons with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels,  to 
be  promoted  by  seniority  from  the  medical  officers  of  the  Army;  that 
this  act  shall  not  be  construed  to  deprive  any  medical  officer  or  store- 
keeper now  in  office  of  his  commission  in  the  United  States  Army. 

August  15, 1876  {19-203). — The  Surgeon-General  to  prescribe  regulations  to  govern 
the  issue,  once  every  five  years,  of  artificial  limbs  or  appliances,  or  commutation 
therefor,  to  officers  and  men  who  shall  have  lost  a  limb  or  sustained  injuries  depriv- 
ing them  of  the  use  of  any  of  their  limbs. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  429 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2D  EDITION— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of— 

*  *  * 

The  Medical  Department. 

The  hospital  stewards  of  the  Medical  Department. 

*  *  * 

.     .     .     a  hospital  steward  for  each  military  post. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1127.  Commanders  of  hospitals  to  afford  to  chaplains  on  duty  thereat  such 
facilities  as  may  aid  them  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1168.  The  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist  of  one 
Surgeon-General,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general;  one  assistant 
surgeon-general,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry;  one  chief  med- 
ical purveyor  and  four  assistant  medical  purveyors,  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry;  sixty  surgeons  with  the  rank  of  major 
of  cavalry;  one  hundred  and  fifty  assistant  surgeons,  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant  of  cavalry  for  the  first  three  years  of  service,  and  the  rank  of 
captain  of  cavalry  after  three  years  of  service;  and  five  medical  store- 
keepers, with  the  rank  of  captain  of  cavalrv.  All  the  original  vacan- 
cies in  the  grade  of  assistant  surgeon  shall  be  filled  by  selection  by 
examination  from  among  the  persons  who  have  served  as  staff  or  regi- 
mental surgeons  or  assistant  surgeons  of  volunteers  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  during  the  late  war. 

Sec.  1169.  Officers  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  shall 
not  be  entitled  in  virtue  of  their  rank  to  command  in  the  line  or  in 
other  staff  corps. 

Sec.  1170.  Assistant  surgeons  who  have  served  three  years  as  sur- 
geons or  assistant  surgeons  in  the  volunteer  forces  shall  be  eligible  to 
promotion  to  the  grade  of  captain. 

Sec.  1171.  The  chief  medical  purveyor  and  the  assistant  medical 
purveyors  may  be  assigned  by  the  President  to  duty  as  surgeons  when 
not  acting  as  purveyors. 

Sec.  1172.  No  person  shall  receive  the  appointment  of  assistant  sur- 
geon unless  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by  an  army 
medical  board,  consisting  of  not  less  than  three  surgeons  or  assistant 
surgeons,  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  no  person  shall 
receive  the  appointment  of  surgeon  unless  he  shall  have  served  at  least 
five  years  as  an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  Regular  Army,  and  shall  have 
been  examined  and  approved  by  an  army  medical  board,  consisting  of 
not  Jess  than  three  surgeons,  designated  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  1173.  The  chief  medical  purveyor  shall  have,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Surgeon-General,  supervision  of  the  purchase  and  distri- 
bution of  the  hospital  and  medical  supplies. 

Sec.  1174.  The  officers  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army 
shall  unite  with  the  officers  of  the  line  under  such  rules  and  regulations 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  in  superintending  the 
cooking  done  by  the  enlisted  men;  and  the  Surgeon-General  shall  pro- 
mulgate to  the  officers  of  said  corps  such  regulations  and  instructions 
as  may  tend  to  insure  the  proper  preparation  of  the  ration  of  the 
soldier. 

Sec.  1175.  Such  quantities  of  fresh  or  preserved  fruits,  milk,  but- 


430       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ter,  and  eggs  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper  diet  of  the  sick  may 
be  allowed  in  hospitals.  They  shall  be  provided  under  such  rules  as 
the  Surgeon-General,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
shall  prescribe. 

Sec.  1176.  Every  soldier  of  the  Union  Army  who  was  ruptured 
while  in  the  line  of  duty  during  the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the 
rebellion  is  entitled  to  receive  a  single  or  double  truss,  of  such  style 
as  may  be  designated  by  the  Surgeon-General  as  best  suited  for  his 
disability. 

Sec.  1177.  Application  for  such  truss  shall  be  made  by  the  ruptured 
soldier  to  an  examining  surgeon  for  pensions,  whose  duty  it  shall  be 
to  examine  the  applicant,  and  when  found  to  have  a  rupture  or  hernia 
to  prepare  and  forward  to  the  Surgeon-General  an  application  for  such 
truss  without  charge  to  the  soldier. 

Sec.  1178.  The  Surgeon-General  is  authorized  and  directed  to  pur- 
chase the  trusses  required  for  such  soldiers  at  wholesale  prices,  and 
the  cost  of  the  same  shall  be  paid  upon  the  requisition  of  the  Surgeon- 
General  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated. 

Sec.  1179.  There  shall  be  one  hospital  steward  for  each  military 
post,  who  may  be  enlisted  in  that  grade  or  appointed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  from  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Arm}7,  and  shall  be  perma- 
nently attached  to  the  Medical  Corps,  under  such  regulations  as  he 
may  prescribe. 

Sec.  1180.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  appoint  from  the  enlisted 
men  of  the  Army,  or  cause  to  be  enlisted,  as  man}7  hospital  stewards 
as  the  service  may  require,  to  be  permanently  attached  to  the  Medical 
Corps,  under  such  regulations  as  he  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  1181.  Hospital  stewards  shall  be  graded  as  hospital  stewards 
of  the  first  class,  hospital  stewards  of  the  second  class,  and  hospital 
stewards  of  the  third  class. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1191.  .  .  .  ,  the  chief  medical  purveyor  and  assistant  med- 
ical purveyors  and  all  storekeepers  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the 
United  States,  in  such  sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct, 
faithfully  to  account  for  all  public  moneys  and  property  which  they 
may  receive.  The  President  may  at  any  time  increase  the  sums  so 
prescribed.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Surgeon-General  .  .  .  shall  be  appointed 
by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law,  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  ,the    .    .    .    medical  departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1238.  Women  may  be  employed,  instead  of  soldiers,  as  nurses 
in  general  or  permanent  hospitals,  at  such  times  and  in  such  numbers 
as  the  Surgeon-General  or  the  medical  officer  in  charge  of  any  such 
hospital  may  deem  proper. 

Sec.  1239.  Hospital  matrons  and  nurses  may  be  employed  in  post  or 
regimental  hospitals  in  such  numbers  as  may  be  necessary. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  431 

unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  '  ■• 
made  by  officers  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  g&iva 
shall  be  made  under  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1277.  Hospital  matrons  in  post  or  regimental  hospitals  shall 
receive  ten  dollars  a  month,  and  female  nurses  in  general  hospitals 
shall  receive  forty  cents  a  day.  One  ration  in  kind  or  by  commutation 
shall  be  allowed  to  each. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1280.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  following  enlisted  men  of  the 
Arm}-  shall,  during  the  first  term  of  enlistment,  be  as  follows,  with 
the  contingent  additions  thereto  hereinafter  provided: 

*  *  * 

Hospital  stewards,  first  class,  thirty  dollars. 
Hospital  stewards,  second  class,  twenty-two  dollars. 
Hospital  stewards,  third  class,  twenty  dollars. 

Section  1281  adds  $1  per  month  for  each  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  years  of 
first  enlistment,  and  section  1282  fixes  the  pay  of  men  reenlisting  at  rate  of  pay  for 
third  year  of  first  term. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1295.  .  .  .  hospital  matrons,  and  the  nurses  employed  in 
post  or  regimental  hospitals  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  one  ration 

dailv. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1298.  The  Secretary  of  War  may,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  Surgeon-General,  order  gratuitous  issues  of  clothing  to  soldiers 
who  have  had  contagious  diseases,  and  to  hospital  attendants  who  have 
nursed  them,  to  replace  any  articles  of  their  clothing  destroyed  by  order 
of  the  proper  medical  officers  to  prevent  contagion. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage,  to  be  charged 
against  the  officer  responsible  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage  was 
not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

*  *  * 

Sec.   1347.  The  officers   of   the    [military]  prison  shall  consist  of 
.     a  surgeon,     .     .     .     who  shall  be  detailed  by  the  Secretary 
of  War  from  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  Army;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1647.  .  .  .  Each  brigade  [of  militia  called  into  service] 
shall  have     .     .     .     one  surgeon,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Skc.  3480.  Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the  United  States 
which  accrued  or  existed  prior  to  April  13,  18(50,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction 
of  the  chief  officer  of  the  Department  of  War  .  .  .  And  all 
agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render 
their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  Dp^art- 


432       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.    ARMY. 

merit  for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject  never- 
theless to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the  Treasury, 


Sec.  3732.  No  contract  or  purchase  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made,  unless  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  is  under  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment,     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3747.  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts, 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits  of  returns, 
etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4787.  Every  officer,  soldier,  seaman,  and  marine  who  was  dis- 
abled during  the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  in  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  service,  and  in  the  line  of  duty,  or  in  consequence  of 
wounds  received  or  disease  contracted  therein,  and  who  was  furnished 
by  the  War  Department  since  the  seventeenth  day  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy,  with  an  artificial  limb  or  apparatus  since  said 
date,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  new  limb  or  apparatus  at  the  expira- 
tion of  every  five  years  thereafter  under  such  regulations  as  have  been 
or  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army.  The 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  apply  to  all  officers,  noncommissioned 
officers,  enlisted  and  hired  men  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States,  who,  in  the  line  of  their  duty  as  such,  shall  have  lost 
limbs  or  sustained  bodily  injuries  depriving  them  of  the  use  of  any  of 
their  limbs,  to  be  determined  by  the  Surgeon -General  of  the  Army; 
and  the  term  of  five  years  herein  specified  shall  be  held  to  commence 
in  each  case  with  the  filing  of  the  application  for  the  benefits  of  this 
section. 

Sec.  4788.  Every  person  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the  preceding 
section  may,  if  he  so  elects,  receive  instead  of  such  limb  or  apparatus 
the  money  value  thereof,  at  the  following  rates,  namely :  For  artificial 
legs,  seventy-five  dollars;  for  arms,  fifty  dollars;  for  feet,  fifty  dollars; 
for  apparatus,  for  resection,  fifty  dollars. 

Sec.  4789.  The  Surgeon-General  shall  certify  to  the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions  a  list  of  soldiers  who  elect  to  receive  money  commutation 
instead  of  limbs  or  apparatus,  with  the  amount  due  to  each,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  paid  to  such 
soldiers  in  the  same  manner  as  pensions  are  paid. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4815!  .  .  .  The  Surgeon-General  .  .  .  shall  consti- 
tute a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  the  Soldiers'  Home. 


STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

May  4,  1880  {21-110). — Subsistence  supplies  may  be  sold  to  hospitals  at  cost  prices, 
not  including  cost  of  transportation,  upon  the  certificate  of  the  officer  in  charge  of 
a  hospital,  that  the  supplies  are  necessary  for  the  exclusive  use  of  such  hospital. 

March  3,  1882  (22-456). — Civilian  employees  of  the  army  at  military  posts  may 
purchase  medical  supplies,  prescribed  by  a  medical  officer  of  the  Army,  at  cost,  with 
ten  per  centum  added. 

March  10,  1882  (22-378). — Hospital  tents  may  be  issued  for  the  relief  of  sufferers 
from  the  overflow  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

June  30,  1882  (22-117). — An  army  and  navy  hospital  to  be  erected  at  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  on  plans  to  be  approved  by  the  surgeons-general  of  the  Army  and  Navy. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPAETMENT.  433 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  564). 
-::-  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 
shall  hereafter  consist  of     .     .     .     the  Surgeon-General,     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  5,  1884,  (23  Stats.,  107). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30th,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Medical  Department. —  .  .  .  That  officers  of  the  Medical 
Department  shall  take  rank  and  precedence  in  accordance  with  date  of 
commission  or  appointment,  and  shall  be  so  borne  on  the  official  Army 
Register:  Provided,  That  the  medical  officers  of  the  Army  and  con- 
tract surgeons  shall,  whenever  practicable,  attend  the  families  of  the 
officers  and  soldiers  free  of  charge. 

*  *  * 

Mirch  2,  1885  (23-339). — Provides  for  the  erection  of  a  building  to  contain  the 
records,  library,  and  museum  of  the  medical  department  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  March  1,  1887  (24.  Stats.,  JfiS). 

AN  ACT  to  organize  the  Hospital  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  to  define 

its  duty,  and  fix-  its  pay. 

That  the  Hospital  Corps  of  the  United  States  Army  shall  consist  of 
hospital  stewards,  acting  hospital  stewards,  and  privates;  and  all 
necessary  hospital  services  in  garrison,  camp,  or  field  (including  ambu- 
lance service)  shall  be  performed  by  the  members  thereof,  wno  shall 
be  regularly  enlisted  in  the  military  service;  said  corps  shall  be  per- 
manently attached  to  the  Medical  Department,  and  shall  not  be  included 
in  the  effective  strength  of  the  Army  nor  counted  as  a  part  of  the 
enlisted  force  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  empowered  to  appoint  as  many 
hospital  stewards  as,  in  his  judgment,  the  service  may  require,  but  not 
more  than  one  hospital  steward  shall  be  stationed  at  any  post  or  place 
without  special  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Si:< i.  3.  That  the  pay  of  hospital  stewards  shall  be  forty-five  dollars 
per  month,  with  the  increase  on  account  of  length  of  service  as  is  now 
or  may  hereafter  be  allowed  by  law  to  other  enlisted  men.  They  shall 
have  rank  with  ordnance  sergeants  and  be  entitled  to  all  the  allowances 
pertaining  to  that  grade. 

Sec.  4.  That  no  person  shall  bo  appointed  a  hospital  steward  unless 
he  shall  have  passed  a  satisfactory  examination  before  a  board  of  one 
or  more  medical  officers  as  to  his  qualifications  for  the  position,  and 
demonstrated  his  fitness  therefor  by  service  of  not  less  than  twelve 
months  as  acting  hospital  steward;  and  no  person  shall  be  designated 
for  such  examination  except  by  written  authority  of  the  Surgeon- 
General. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  empowered  to  enlist  or  cause 
to  be  enlisted  as  many  privates  of  the  hospital  corps  as  the  service 
may  require,  and  to  limit  or  fix  the  number  and  make  such   regula- 

S.  Doc.  229 28 


434       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

tions  for  their  government  as  may  be  necessary;  and  any  enlisted  man 
in  the  Army  shall  be  eligible  for  transfer  to  the  hospital  corps  as  a 
private.  They  shall  perform  duty  as  ward  masters,  cooks,  nurses, 
and  attendants  in  hospitals  and  as  stretcher  bearers,  litter  bearers, 
and  ambulance  attendants  in  the  field,  and  such  other  duty  as  may  by 
proper  authority  be  required  of  them. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  pay  of  privates  of  the  hospital  corps  shall  be 
thirteen  dollars  per  month,  with  the  increase  on  account  of  length  of 
service  as  is  now  or  may  hereafter  be  allowed  by  law  to  other  enlisted 
men.  They  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  allowances  as  a  corporal  of 
the  arm  of  the  service  with  which  on  duty. 

Sec.  7.  That  privates  of  the  hospital  corps  may  be  detailed  as  acting 
hospital  stewards  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  the  Surgeon-General,  whenever  the  necessities  of  the  service  require 
it;  and  while  so  detailed  their  pay  shall  be  twenty -five  dollars  per 
month,  with  increase  as  above  stated.  Acting  hospital  stewards,  when 
educated  in  the  duties  of  the  position,  may  be  eligible  for  examination 
for  appointment  as  hospital  stewards,  as  above  provided. 
*  *  * 

March  2,  1889  {25-825). — Maximum  sum  to  be  allowed  contract  surgeons  when 
traveling  on  duty,  fixed  at  four  cents  per  mile,  and  in  addition  thereto,  when  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  can  not  furnish  transportation,  the  cost  of  same  actually 
paid  by  them  exclusive  of  sleeping  or  parlor  car  fare  and  transfer. 

March  3,  1891  (26-1103). — Artificial  limbs  to  be  furnished  every  three  years. 

Act  of  July  13,  1892  (27  Stats.,  120). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  approved  March  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven, 
relating  to  the  hospital  corps  of  the  Army. 

That  section  six  of  the  act  approved  March  first,  eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-seven,  entitled  "An  act  to  organize  the  hospital  corps  of 
the  Army  of  the  United  States,  to  define  its  duty  and  fix  its  pay,"  be, 
and  hereby  is,  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  6.  That  the  pay  of  privates  of  the  hospital  corps  shall  be 
eighteen  dollars  per  month,  with  the  increase  on  account  of  length  of 
service  as  is  now  or  may  hereafter  be  allowed  by  law  to  other  enlisted 
men.  They  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  allowance  as  a  corporal  of 
the  arm  of  service  with  which  they  may  be  on  duty." 

July  16,  1892  (27-174)- — Sec.  3709,  R.  S.,  requiring  advertisement  before  purchase, 
not  to  apply  to  purchase  of  medicines  and  medical  supplies. 

Act  of  July  27,  1892  (27  Stats.,  276). 

AN  ACT  to  define  the  grade  of  certain  medical  officers  of  the  Army,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  grade  of  certain 
medical  officers  of  the  Army  below  that  of  Surgeon-General  shall  be  as 
follows:  Those  holding  the  rank  of  colonel,  assistant  surgeon-generals; 
those  holding  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  deputy  surgeon-generals. 

Sec.  2.  That  before  receiving  the  rank  of  captain  of  cavalry, 
assistant  surgeons  shall  be  examined  under  the  provisions  of  an  act 
approved  October  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  entitled  "An 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  435 

act  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army  and 

to  regulate  promotions  therein." 

Sec.  3.  That  medical  officers  of  the  Army  may  be  assigned  by  the 

Secretary  of  War  to  such  duties  as  the  interest  of  the  service  may 

demand. 

*  *  * 

August  5,  1892  (27-348). — Honorably  discharged  nurses  who  were  employed  by 
the  Surgeon-General,  who  served  for  six  months  or  more  in  any  general  hospital, 
entitled  to  pension  if  unable  to  earn  a  support. 

Act  of  March  29,  1891).  (28  Stats.,  4,7). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  making  of  property  returns  by  officers  of  the  Government. 

That  instead  of  forwarding  to  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury 
Department  returns  of  public  property  intrusted  to  the  possession  of 
officers  or  agents,  .  .  .  the  Surgeon-General,  .  .  .  shall 
certify  to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the  Treasuiy  Department, 
for  debiting  on  the  proper  account,  any  charge  against  any  officer  or 
agent  intrusted  with  public  property,  arising  from  any  loss,  accruing 
by  his  fault,  to  the  Government  as  to  the  property  so  intrusted  to 
him. 


Act  of  August  6,  189 %  (28  Stats.,  233). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Medical  Department:  .  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter  no  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  to  the  office  of  assistant  surgeon  until  the  number 
of  assistant  surgeons  shall  be  reduced  below  one  hundred  and  ten,  and 
thereafter  the  number  of  officers  in  that  grade  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment shall  be  fixed  at  ninety. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided  further,  .  .  .  that  purchases  may  be  made  in 
open  market  in  the  manner  common  among  business  men  when  the 
aggregate  amount  required  does  not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  but 
every  such  purchase  shall  be  immediately  reported  to  the  Secretary 
of  War. 


Act  of  August  18,  1894.  (##  Stats.,  372). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 

the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

WAR   DEPARTMENT. 

That  the  proviso  in  the  paragraph  for  the  Medical  Department  under 
title  "For  pay  of  the  general  staff"  in  the  act  making  appropriations 
for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes,  approved 


436       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  sixth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-four,  is  hereby  amended 
so  as  to  read  as  follows:  Provided,  That  hereafter  no  appointments 
shall  be  made  in  the  office  of  assistant  surgeon  until  the  number  of 
assistant  surgeons  shall  be  reduced  below  one  hundred  and  ten,  and 
thereafter  the  number  of  officers  in  that  grade  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment shall  be  fixed  at  one  hundred  and  ten. 


Act  of  March  16,  1896  (29  Stats.,  60). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-seven. 


FOR   FAY    OF   ENLISTED  MEN. 


.  .  .  :  Provided,  That  there  shall  be  no  appointments)  of  hospital 
stewards  until  the  number  of  hospital  stewards  shall  be  reduced  below 
one  hundred,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  such  officers  shall  not 
exceed  one  hundred. 

*  *  * 

June  11,  1896  (29-413). — Authorizes  the  Medical  Department  to  sell  medical  and 
hospital  supplies  at  its  contract  prices  to  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteers. 

May  27,  1897  (30-220). — Authorizes  purchase  of  medicines  for  the  relief  of  destitute 
citizens  of  the  United  States  in  Cuba. 

June,  4,  1897  (30-11). — Authorizes  the  Medical  Department  to  sell  medical  and  hos- 
pital supplies  at  its  contract  prices  to  the  Soldiers'  Home  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

•  •  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall 
consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  surgeon,  who  shall  have  .  .  .  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  commander  of  a 
division  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  surgeon,  who  shall  have 
.  .  .  the  rank  of  major.  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  commander  of  a 
brigade  shall  consist  of     .     .     .     one  surgeon     .     .     . 


Act  of  May  12,  1898  (30  Stats.,  Ifi6). 
AN  ACT  to  increase  the  number  of  surgeons  in  the  United  States  Army. 

That  the  number  of  medical  officers  of  the  Army  be  increased  by 
the  addition  of  fifteen  assistant  surgeons  with  the  rank  of  first  lieu- 
tenant, to  be  appointed  after  examination  by  an  army  medical  exam- 
ining board,  in  accordance  with  existing  regulations. 

Sec.  2.  That  in  emergencies  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  may  appoint  as  many  contract 
surgeons  as  may  be  necessary,  at  a  compensation  not  to  exceed  one 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  month. 

May  18,  1898  (30-419). — Prescribes  mode  of  issuing  medical  stores  to  destitute 
inhabitants  of  Cuba. 


THE    MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  437 

Act  of  June  2,  1898  (30  Stats.,  1,28). 

AN  ACT  to  suspend  certain  provisions  of  law  relating  to  hospital  stewards  in  the 
Tinted  States  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  all  provisions  of  law  limiting  the  number  of  hospital  stewards 
in  service  at  any  one  time  to  one  hundred,  and  requiring  that  a  person 
to  be  appointed  a  hospital  steward  shall  first  demonstrate  his  fitness 
therefor  by  actual  service  of  not  less  than  twelve  months  as  acting 
hospital  steward,  .  .  .  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  suspended 
during  the  existing  war:  Provided,  That  the  increase  of  hospital 
stewards  under  this  act  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of     ...     a  Medical  Department, 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  Medical  Department,  .  .  .  shall 
consist  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  now  provided  by  law:     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service  or  to  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Thirty-four  surgeons  with  the  rank  as  major. 

*  *  * 

February  8,  1900  (81 ). — Authorizes  construction  of  a  modern  military  hospital 

at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

MaytS.  1U00  (81 ). — Additional  hospital  stewards,  not  to  exceed  an  additional 

one  hundred,  may  be  appointed;  no  more  than  one  to  bo  stationed  at  one  post  or 
station  without  special  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Act  of.Fibruary  2, 1901  (31  Stats.,  — .) 

AN   ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  ...  a  Medical  Department.  .  .  . 
.  18.  That  the  Medical  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Surgeon- 
General  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  eight  assistant  surgeons- 
general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  twelve  deputy  surgeons-general  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  sixty  surgeons  with  the  rank  of  major, 
two  hundred  and  forty  assistant  surgeons  with  the  rank  of  captain  or 
first  lieutenant,  the  Hospital  Corps,  as  now  authorized  by  law,  and  the 
Nurse  Corps:  /'mrlded,  That  all  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  colone*, 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  major  created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall  be 
filled  by  promotion  according  to  seniority,  subject  to  the  examination 
now  prescribed  by  law:  Anajsrovided,  That  the  period  during  which 
any  assistant  surgeon  shall  have  served  as  a  surgeon  or  assistant  sur- 


438      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

geon  in  the  Volunteer  Army  during  the  war  with  Spain  or  since  shall 
be  counted  as  a  portion  of  the  five  years'  service  required  to  entitle 
him  to  rank  of  captain:  And  provided  also,  That  nothing  in  this  sec- 
tion shall  affect  the  relative  rank  for  promotion  of  any  assistant  sur- 
geon now  in  the  service,  or  who  may  be  hereafter  appointed  therein, 
as  determined  by  the  date  of  his  appointment  or  commission  and  as 
fixed  in  accordance  with  existing  law  and  regulations:  Provided  further, 
That  in  emergencies  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  may  appoint  as  many  contract  sur- 
geons as  may  be  necessary,  at  a  compensation  not  to  exceed  one  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars  per  month.  That  on  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act 
the  President  may  appoint,  for  duty  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  fifty  sur- 
geons of  volunteers  with  the  rank  and  pay  of  major  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  assistant  surgeons  of  volunteers  with  the  rank  and  pajr  of  cap- 
tain, mounted,  for  a  period  of  two  years:  Provided,  That  so  many  of 
these  volunteer  medical  officers  as  are  not  required  shall  be  honorably 
discharged  the  service  whenever  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
their  services  are  no  longer  necessary :  Provided  furtlier,  That  assistant 
surgeons  in  the  Volunteer  Army  of  the  United  States  commissioned 
by  the  President  as  captains,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  an 
act  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  other  purposes,  approved  March  second,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-nine,  shall  be  entitled  to  the  pay  of  a  captain,  mounted,  from 
the  date  of  their  acceptance  of  such  commission,  as  prescribed  by  law: 
Provided,  That  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  employ 
dental  surgeons  to  serve  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Regular 
and  Volunteer  Army,  in  the  proportion  of  not  to  exceed  one  for  every 
one  thousand  of  said  Army,  and  not  exceeding  thirty  in  all.  Said 
dental  surgeons  shall  be  employed  as  contract  dental  surgeons  under 
the  terms  and  conditions  applicable  to  army  contract  surgeons,  and 
shall  be  graduates  of  standard  medical  or  dental  colleges,  trained  in 
the  several  branches  of  dentistry,  of  good  moral  and  professional 
character,  and  shall  pass  a  satisfactory  professional  examination:  Pro- 
vided, That  three  of  the  number  of  dental  surgeons  to  be  employed 
shall  be  first  appointed  by  the  Surgeon-General,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  with  reference  to  their  fitness  for  assignment, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Surgeon-General,  to  the  special  service  of 
conducting  the  examinations  and  supervising  the  operations  of  the 
others;  and  for  such  special  service  an  extra  compensation  of  sixty 
dollars  a  month  will  be  allowed:  Provided  furtlier,  That  dental-college 
graduates  now  employed  in  the  Hospital  Corps  who  have  been  detailed 
for  a  period  of  not  less  than  twelve  months  to  render  dental  service  to 
the  Army  and  who  are  shown  by  the  reports  of  their  superior  officers 
to  have  rendered  such  service  satisfactorily  may  be  appointed  contract 
dental  surgeons  without  examination:  Provided,  That  the  Secretary 
of  War  be  authorized  to  appoint  in  the  Hospital  Corps,  in  addition  to 
the  two  hundred  hospital  stewards  now  allowed  by  law,  one  hundred 
hospital  stewards:  Provided,  That  men  who  have  served  as  hospital 
stewards  of  volunteer  regiments  or  acted  in  that  capacity  during  and 
since  the  Spanish- American  war  for  more  than  six  months  may  be 
appointed  hospital  stewards  in  the  Regular  Army:  And  provided  fur- 
ther, That  all  men  so  appointed  shall  be  of  good  moral  character  and 
shall  have  passed  a  satisfactory  mental  and  physical  examination. 


THE   MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  489 

Sec.  19.  That  the  Nurse  Corps  (female)  shall  consist  of  one  Super- 
intendent, to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall  be  a 
graduate  of  a  hospital  training  school  having  a  course  of  instruction  of 
not  less  than  two  years,  whose  term  of  office  may  be  terminated  at  his 
discretion,  whose  compensation  shall  be  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
dollars  per  annum,  and  of  as  many  chief  nurses,  nurses,  and  reserve 
nurses  as  may  be  needed.  Reserve  nurses  may  be  assigned  to  active 
duty  when  the  emergency  of  the  service  demands,  but  shall  receive  no 
compensation  except  when  on  such  duty:  Provided,  That  all  nurses  in 
the  Nurse  Corps  shall  be  appointed  or  removed  by  the  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral, with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War;  that  they  shall  be 
graduates  of  hospital  training  schools,  and  shall  have  passed  a  satis- 
factory professional,  moral,  mental,  and  physical  examination:  And 
provided,  That  the  Superintendent  and  nurses  shall  receive  transporta- 
tion and  necessary  expenses  when  traveling  under  orders;  that  the  pay 
and  allowances  of  nurses,  and  of  reserve  nurses,  when  on  active  service, 
shall  be  forty  dollars  per  month  when  on  duty  in  the  United  States 
and  fifty  dollars  per  month  when  without  the  limits  of  the  United 
States.  They  shall  be  entitled  to  quarters,  subsistence,  and  medical 
attendance  during  illness,  and  they  may  be  granted  leaves  of  absence 
for  thirty  days,  with  pay,  for  each  calendar  year;  and,  when  serving 
as  chief  nurses,  their  pay  may  be  increased  by  authority  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  such  increase  not  to  exceed  twenty-five  dollars  per  month. 
Payments,  to  the  Nurse  Corps  shall  be  made  by  the  Pay  Department. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


VIII -THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT. 


441 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT. 


The  earliest  legislation  creating,  a  Pay  Department  is  the  resolution 
of  the  Continental  Congress,  June  16,  1775,  which  provided  for  a  Pay- 
master-General and  a  deputy  under  him,  for  +he  Army,  in  a  separate 
department. 

The  Revolutionary  Army  was  disbanded  November  3, 1783,  but  Pay- 
master-General Pierce  was  continued  in  service  settling  his  accounts 
and  as  commissioner  for  settling  the  accounts  of  the  Army.  The  two 
offices  were  united  by  the  resolution  of  March  23,  1787,  and  after  the 
death  of  John  Pierce,  in  1788,  the  duties  of  the  office  of  Paymaster- 
General  were  administered  by  Joseph  Howell,  jr.,  Commissioner  of 
Armv  Accounts,  until  the  appointment  of  a  Paymaster  of  the  Army, 
May,"  1792. 

The  Pay  Department,  by  that  name,  was  first  organized  under  the 
act  of  April  24,  1816,  but  a  Paymaster  for  the  Army  "to  reside  near 
the  headquarters  of  the  troops  of  the  U.  S."  had  been  authorized  by 
the  act  of  May  8,  1792. 

June  27, 1775. — James  Warren  (Massachusetts). 

Apr.  27,1776. — William  Palfrey  (Massachusetts). 

Jan.  17, 1771. — John  Pierce  (Connecticut) . 

May    8, 1792. — Caleb  Swan  (Massachusetts). 

July    1, 1808.— Robert  Brent  (District  of  Columbia) . 

Aug.  28,1819. — Nathan  Towson,  brevet  major-general,  May  30,  1848  (Maryland). 

June    1,1821. — Brig.  Gen.  Daniel  Parker  (Massachusetts). 

May    8, 1822.— Col.  Nathan  Towson  ( Maryland ) . 

July  20,1854. — Col.  Benjamin  F.  Larned  (Massachusetts). 

Sept.    6, 1862.— Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.,  Sept.  13, 1847)  Timothy  P.  Andrews  (District 

of  Columbia). 
Nov.  29, 1864.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  July  28, 1866)  Benjamin  W.  Brice  (Virginia). 
Jan.     1, 1872.— Col.  (Brig. Gen.,  July  22, 1876)  Benjamin  Alvord  (Vermont) . 
June    8, 1880.— Brig.  Gen.  Nathan  D.  Brown  (New  York). 
Feb.  17, 1882.— Brig.  Gen.  William  B.  Rochester  (New  York). 
Mar.  10, 1890.—  Brig.  Gen.  William  Smith  (Minnesota). 
Mar.  26, 1895.— Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  H.  Stanton  (Iowa). 
Jan.  30, 1899. — Brig.  Gen.  Asa  B.  Carev  (Connecticut). 
July  12, 1899.— Brig.  Gen.  Alfred  E.  Bates  (Michigan) . 

443 


THE   PA1    DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL.)  CONGRESS. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  there  be  one  Paymaster-General,  and  a 
deputy  under  him,  for  the  Army  in  a  separate  department;  that  the 
pay  for  the  Pajmaster-General  himself  be  one  hundred  dollars  per 
month,  and  for  the  deputy  paymaster  under  him,  fift}r  dollars  per 
month. 

July  27,  1775. 

Resolved*  That  the  paymaster  give  bond,  with  two  sureties,  in  the 
sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his 
office. 

That  the  bond  be  made  payable  to  the  same  persons  to  whom  the 
bonds  of  the  Continental  treasurers  are  payable. 

James  Warren,  esq.,  was  then  unanimously  elected  Paymaster- 
General. 

Resolved,  That  the  paymaster  in  the  New  York  Department  give 
bond  to  the  same  persons  as  above  directed,  with  two  sureties,  in  the 
sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  for  the  faithful  performance  of 
his  office. 

July  28,  1775. 

The  Congress  tnen  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  paymaster  for  the 
forces  in  the  New  York  Department,  when  Jonathan  Trumbull,  jr. ,  esq., 
was  unanimously  elected  to  that  office. 

July  29,  1775. 

/,'■  solved,  That  the  Paymaster-General,  .  .  .  and  every  [one]  of 
their  deputies,  shall  take  an  oath  truly  and  faithfully  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  their  respective  stations. 

December  2,  1775. 

//■solved,  .  .  .  That  the  troops  in  the  new  Army  be  paid 
monthly. 

January  9,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  deputy  paymaster-general  have  liberty 
to  appoint  under  him  two  assistant  paymasters,  who  shall  each  receive 
26  2/3  dollars  per  month  for  their  trouble  and  services. 

445 


446       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  all  the  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  northern  department  he  paid 
in  person  by  the  deputy  paymaster-general,  or  the  assistants  to  be 
appointed  by  him  in  consequence  of  the  foregoing  resolve. 

February  15,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  paymaster  be  appointed  for  the  troops 
in  Virginia,  and  that  his  pay  be  50  dollars  per  month. 

The  Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election,  and  Benjamin  Harri- 
son, jr.,  of  Berkeley,  was  chosen. 

April  21,  1776. — Resignation  of  Paymaster-General  Warren  was  accepted. 

April  27,  1776. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  Paymaster-General,  in  the 
room  of  Mr.  Warren,  whose  resignation  was  accepted;  and  the  ballots 
being  taken  and  examined, 

William  Palfrey,  esq.',  was  elected. 

May  4,  1776. — "The  honorable  the  Continental  Congress  have  been  pleased  to 
appoint  William  Palfrey,  esq.,  to  be  Paymaster-General  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
Colonies."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  New  York.) 

June  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Paymaster-General  and  the  deputy 
paymaster-general  make  monthly  returns  to  Congress  of  their  expendi- 
tures and  the  state  of  the  military  chests  in  their  several  departments. 

June  12,  1776. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  paymaster-general 
for  the  eastern  department,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Ebenezer  Hancock  was  elected  unanimously. 

July  17,  1776. 

The  Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  paymaster- 
general  for  the  flying  camp,  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Richard  Dallam,  esq.,  was  elected. 

August  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Paymaster-General  and  the  several 
deputy  paymasters-general  be  directed  to  make  weekly  returns  to 
Congress  of  the  state  of  the  military  chests  under  their  direction. 

October  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follows:     ... 

To  the     .     .     .     deputy  paymaster-general,  6  rations.     .     .     . 

December  24,  1779. — "The  honorable  the  Board  of  War  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  447 

of  the  .  .  .  staff,  who  are  not  adopted  hy  any  State:  the  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  them  upon  returns  signed  by  the  .  .  .  heads  of  the  following  corps  and 
departments  at  the  rates  directed  by  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  November 
last:  .  .  .  deputy  paymaster-general."  .  .  .  (Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Morristown.) 

January  18,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  paymaster  in  Baltimore,  and, 
the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  Jonathan  Hudson  was  elected. 

January  30,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  salary  of  .  .  .  Jonathan  Trumbull, 
esq.,  deputy  pa3Tmaster-general  of  the  northern  department,  be  aug- 
mented to  the  sum  of  75  dollars  per  month.     .     .     . 

April  1,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  assistant  paymasters  in  the  northern 
department  be  augmented  to  40  dollars  a  month,  and  that  they  be 
allowed  three  rations  a  day. 

April  2,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  paymaster  and  deputy  paymaster-general,  at  the 
end  of  every  month  after  the  first  day  of  May  next,  shall  make  up 
rolls  containing  the  names  of  the  general  and  other  officers  of  the  army 
to  which  they  respectively  belong  who  are  not  comprised  in  the  regi- 
mental abstracts,  excepting  only  the  commander  in  chief  of  the  several 
departments,  who  shall  respectively  examine  such  rolls.     .     .     . 

AprU  9,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  paymaster  and  the  deputy  paymasters-general 
be  directed  forthwith  to  consult  the  commanders  in  chief  of  their 
respective  districts  and  appoint  deputies  to  repair  to  such  posts  and 
places  of  rendezvous  and  answer  the  draughts  of  such  officers  stationed 
thereat  as  the  said  commanders  in  chief  shall  respectively  direct;  that 
the  deputies  be  supplied  with  money  by  the  respective  paymaster  and 
deputy  paymasters-general,  and  account  with  them  therefor,  and  that 
all  other  paymasters  of  the  Army  cease  to  act  at  the  posts  and  places 
provided  with  deputies  as  aforesaid. 

May  27,  1777. 

/t\  .<,,/ ,-,,/.  Thai  the  pay  of  the  assistant  deputy  paymaster-general  in 
the  Northern  Army  be  raised  to  45  dollars  per  month. 

July  11,  1777. 

I l<  solved,  That  Mr.  John  Baynton  be  appointed  deputy  paymaster- 

feneral  to  the  troops  and  garrisons  on  tne  frontiers  of  Virginia  and 
'ennsylvania. 


448       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  1,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  a  deput}^  pa3Tmaster-general  be  appointed  in  the  said 
State  of  Georgia.     .     .     . 

August  6,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  ...  a  deputy  paymaster- 
general  of  Georgia:  Whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  Joseph  Clay  [be]  deputy  paymaster-general 
in  Georgia. 


August  W,  1777.       . 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  Paymaster-General  be  increased  to 
150  dollars  a  month. 

That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  paymaster-general  be  increased  to  75 
dollars  a  month. 

August  28,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the 
Northern,  Eastern,  and  Southern  departments  be  augmented  to  80 
dollars  per  month. 

That  the  assistants  to  the  Paymaster-General  and  deputy  paymaster- 
general  whom  they  are  respectively  authorized  to  appoint,  when  such 
officers  shall  be  necessarj7,  shall  receive,  for  the  time  of  their  actual 
service,  50  dollars  a  month. 

That  the  Paymaster-General  and  deputy  pa3'masters-general  shall  be 
obliged,  respectively,  to  take  bond  of  their  respective  assistants 
appointed  by  them  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  trust,  in  such 
penalties  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  the 
department  shall  direct. 

Septembei- 10,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  paymaster  for  the  North 
Carolina  Light  Horse,  in  the  service  of  the  continent;  and,  the  ballots 
being  taken, 

William  Hardy  was  chosen. 

October  4,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  every  assistant  appointed,  or  that  hereafter  may  be 
appointed,  by  the  deputy  commissaries-general  of  purchases  and  of 
issues  shall  enter  into  a  bond  .  .  .  [to  be]  lodged  with  the  Pay- 
master-General or  deputy  paymaster-general  of  the  district,  to  be  by 
him  transmitted  to  the  treasury  board.     .     .     . 

November  10,  1777. — General  Gates  was  authorized  to  order  the  Paymaster-General 
to  pay  dues  to  officers  and  men  for  rations  allowed  to  them  but  not  paid,  provided 
that  the  existing  regulations  of  the  Commissary's  Department  on  the  subject  be  no 
longer  dispensed  with  than  he  shall  judge  necessary. 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  449 

November  22,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pa}r  of  Jonathan  Trumbull,  jr. ,  deputy  paymaster- 
general  of  the  Northern  Department,  be  augmented  to  125  dollars  per 
month. 

January  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Paymaster-General  be  empowered  to 
appoint  an  assistant  in  his  office,  and  a  clerk  for  six  months,  in  addition 
to  one  alread}r  employed  by  him. 

That  70  dollars  a  month  and  two  rations  a  day  be  hereafter  allowed 
to  each  assistant  and  50  dollars  a  month  to  each  clerk  in  the  office  of 
the  paymaster  or  deputy  paymaster-general. 

January  H,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Ebenezer  Hancock,  esq.,  deputy  paymaster-general 
of  the  eastern  district,  be  directed  to  appoint  forthwith  an  assistant 
paymaster  constantly  to  attend  to  and  pay  the  army  stationed  in  or 
near  Providence  for  the  defense  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations.     ... 

February  6,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  .  .  .  paymaster  and  deputy  pay- 
masters-general ...  be  directed  to  send,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  May  next,  and  afterwards  quarterly,  to  the  respective  auditors 
of  the  Army  duplicate  accounts  of  such  charges  [monies  charged  in 
their  offices  to  persons  who  are  to  account  with  the  respective  auditors], 
and  to  furnish  them  with  the  necessary  papers  and  information,  when 
required,  for  executing  their  office.     .     .     . 

February  21,  1778. 

fir. solved,  That  the  pay  of  the  person  who  executed  those  offices 
[secretary  and  paymaster]  in  the  hospital  in  the  Middle  Department  be 
augmented  to  three  dollars  a  day. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  Paymaster-General  be  directed  to  consult  with 
General  Washington  on  the  propriety  of  keeping  a  deputy  paymaster 
at  Baltimore,  and  if  he  shall  judge  such  an  officer  unnecessary  to  inform 
Mr.  Jonathan  Hudson  that,  the  public  service  not  requiring  his  further 
assistance  in  that  capacity,  he  is  excused  therefrom  by  Congress.    .    .    . 

March  81, 1778. — "By  permission  of  tin-  honorable  Congress  the  Paymaster-General 
has  appointed  Thomas  Reed,  esq.,  to  be  Ins  assistant.  He  is  to  be  considered  as 
such,  and  the  business  of  that  department,  in  the  absence  of  the  Paymaster-General, 
is  to  be  transacted  with  him."     {Orders,  dim  ml  Ilmdquarters,  VaUeif  Forge.) 

May  2y  1778. — Congress  authorized  the  commissioners  at  Fort  Pitt,  or  in  their 
absence  the  ofiircr  appointed  to  command  00  the  western  frontier,  to  appoint  a  proper 
person  to  perform  the  duties  of  paymaster  to  the  militia  of  the  counties  of  Rocking- 
ham, Augusta,  Rockbridge,  Bottetourt,  Montgomery,  Washington,  and  Greenbrier, 
in  Virginia. 

S.  Doc.  229 29 


450       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

May  6,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  William  Palfrey,  Paymaster-General,  be  allowed  the 
additional  pay  of  100  dollars  a  month  from  the  date  of  this  resolution 
until  Congress  shall  otherwise  order, 

June  9,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  value  of  the  rations  due  since  the  1st  of  January 
last  till  the  1st  inst.  be  estimated  at  one-third  of  a  dollar;  and  that  the 
officers  do  present  their  accounts  to  the  Paymaster-General,  or  deputy 
paymaster-general,  who  shall  adjust  and  pay  the  same,  provided,  always, 
that  the  said  officers  shall  make  oath  to  their  accounts  respectively, 
which  oaths  the  said  paymasters  are  hereby  empowered  and  directed 
to  administer,  and  transmit  the  said  accounts,with  the  receipts  the^on, 
to  the  Treasury. 

Julu  29,  1778. — Paymaster  Jonathan  Trumbull,  jr.,  resigned,  the  northern  and 
southern  armies  being  joined. 

August  26,  1778. 

The  committee  on  the  Treasury  report; 

That  they  have  considered  the  extra  services  and  peculiar  circum- 
stances of  William  Bedloe,  as  set  forth  in  his  memorial  referred  to 
them,  and  are  of  opinion  that  he  be  allowed  35  dollars  per  month 
while  acting  as  deputy  paymaster  to  William  Palfrey,  esq.,  Paymaster- 
General,  in  addition  to  his  former  allowance  of  50  dollars  per  mouth. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  agree  to  the  said  report. 

October  IS,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Joseph  Clay,  esq.,  deputy  paymaster-general  in  the 
State  of  Georgia,  be  empowered  and  directed  to  pay  into  the  hands  of 
the  deputy  commissary,  the  deputy  quartermaster,  and  the  deputy 
clothier-general  in  the  said  State  (they  obtaining  a  warrant  from  the 
commanding  officer  in  the  Southern  Department),  such  sum  or  sums 
of  money  as  may  be  wanting  in  their  respective  departments,  each  of 
them  to  be  accountable;  and  that  the  said  deputy  paymaster-general 
transmit  the  accounts  of  the  sums  he  may  so  advance  to  the  several 
officers  at  the  heads  of  the  above-mentioned  departments. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  commissary,  the  deputy  quartermaster, 
and  the  deputy  clothier-general  in  the  State  of  Georgia,  when  they 
deliver  their  respective  accounts  of  expenditures  to  the  deputy  pay- 
master-general, do  cause  to  be  specified  on  the  receipts  of  the  said 
accounts  that  the  same  were  paid  in  Continental  currency',  and  that 
the  sum  be  fully  expressed  in  words. 

Resolved,  That  the  deputy  paymaster-general  be  empowered  and 
directed  to  pay  the  officers  and  men  belonging  to  the  Continental 
gallies  in  the  State  of  Georgia  the  monthly  wages  that  are  and  may  be 
due  to  them,  transmitting  at  the  end  of  every  month  an  account  of  the 
same  to  the  Board  of  Treasury. 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  451 

November  &£,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  all  officers  and  persons  employed  on  the  staff  shall 
receive  for  subsistence  money  one-third  of  a  dollar  for  each  extra 
ration  heretofore  allowed  them. 

Janua>ry21,  1779. ." 

R<  solved,  That  the  .  .  .  paymaster  or  deputy  paymaster-general 
be  authorized  to  provide  for  themselves  respectively,  from  time  to 
time,  a  convenient  house  near  headquarters  for  an  office;  that  they 
be  not  precluded  from  their  choice  unless  by  order  of  the  Commander 
in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  the  department,  and  that  no  other 
officers  be  quartered  therein. 

Mar  eh  16,  1779.* 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Quartermaster-General  be  authorized 
to  appoint  a  paymaster  .  .  .  for  the  said  corps  of  wagoners  which 
he  was  empowered  to  organize     .     .     . 

April  17,  1779. 

Ji< solved^  .  .  .  That  such  regulations  shall  be  established  by 
the  Quartermaster-General  for  the  .  .  .  paying  of  the  said  corps 
of  wagoners  as  shall  be  judged  expedient,  and  approved  of  by  trie 
Commander  in  Chief. 

May  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  all  staff  officers  who  served  with  the  Army 
shall  be  allowed  clothing  on  the  same  conditions  as  officers  in  the  line, 
provided  they  engage  for  a  year  or  longer. 

May  17,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commanding  officer  of  the  detachment  of  the 
army  serving  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  be  authorized  to  appoint 
a  paymaster  for  the  said  legion. 

May  17,  1779. — Captain  Baldesqui,  the  present  paymaster  of  the  troops  serving  in 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia  (Count  Pulaski's  legion)  was  to  be  detained  until  he  should 
have  settled  his  accounts.  As,  on  December  29,  1779,  Congress,  deeming  that  the  cir- 
camstences  ol  the  corps  lately  commanded  by  General  Count  Pulaski  did  not  require 
a  paymaster,  anil  therefore  accepted  Captain  Baldesqui's  resignation,  it  would  seem  that 
the  resolve  of  Mav  17  was  not  carried  out.  For  want  of  regularity  in  keeping  proper 
vouchers,  the  auditor  of  account  for  the  main  army  had  found  the  settlement  of  the 
accounts  of  the  Pulaski  legion  impracticable,  and,  therefore,  Congress  passed  the 
resolve  of  that  date,  but  June  6,  on  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the  Paymaster-General, 
it  resolved  that  the  re}>ort  of  the  Committee  on  the  Treasury  of  March  (May?)  17  be 
reconsidered.  [I  have  tailed  to  find  the  report  of  March  17,  but  if  the  proper  date 
i-  May  17,  this  would  explain  Captain  Baldesqui  remaining  in  service  until  Decem- 
ber 29.] 

'This  resulted  from  the  many  inconveniences  to  the  public,  as  well  as  to  indi- 
viduals, that  have  arisen  from  the  distance  of  the  paymaster's  office  from  the  quarters 
of  the  commanding  officer. 

2  The  resolve  of  thia  date  was  repealed  April  17,  1779. 


452       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  <B<2,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  Whereas  the  troops  formerly  serving  in  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia  are  united  in  one  body,  under  the  same  command- 
ing officer,  and  disorder  may  arise  from  having  two  military  chests  and 
paymasters  in  the  same  detachment  of  the  army ;  and  Joseph  Clay,  esq., 
deputy  pa}rmaster  for  Georgia,  having  represented  that  the  money 
remaining  in  his  hands  will  soon  be  expended,  and  a  supply  having 
been  lately  forwarded  to  John  Lewis  Jervais,  deputy  paymaster  for 
South  Carolina: 

Resolved,  That  the  general  commanding  in  South  Carolina  be  author- 
ized and  directed  to  draw  out  of  the  hands  of  the  said  John  Lewis 
Jervais  the  balance  which  may  be  due  from  him  to  the  public,  and 
transfer  it  to  the  care  of  the  said  Joseph  Clay,  who  shall  be  considered 
as  the  sole  deputy  paymaster  for  the  troops  serving  in  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress;  and  that  Mr.  Jervais 
adjust  and  transmit  his  accounts  to  the  Board  of  Treasury  for  settlement. 

May  29,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Paymaster-General  shall  keep  his  office  in  the 
place  where  Congress  may,  from  time  to  time,  hold  their  sessions. 

That  he  be  allowed  to  employ  as  many  clerks  as  shall  be  judged  nec- 
essary for  the  Board  of  the  Treasury. 

That  he  be  authorized  to  superintend  the  several  deput}T  paymasters- 
general,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  make  monthly  returns  to  him  and 
reasonable  applications  for  money  for  the  use  of  the  Army;  to  follow 
his  direction  in  the  mode  of  keeping  their  accounts,  and  all  other  mat- 
ters relative  to  their  office. 

That  all  accounts  of  advances  made  by  any  of  the  States,  or  any  offi- 
cer or  person  whatsoever,  for  the  pay  of  the  Continental  Army  or  for 
the  recruiting  service,  shall  be  delivered  to  the  deputy^  paymaster- 

feneral  of  the  district  where  such  advances  may  be  made;  and  the  said 
eputies  are  hereby  directed  to  keep  a  copy  of  such  accounts  in  a  book 
to  be  provided  by  them  for  that  purpose,  and  to  transmit  the  originals 
immediately  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

That  the  Paymaster-General  shall  keep  regular  books  and  charge 
therein  all  moneys  that  have  been  or  may  be  advanced  to  the  deputies 
in  the  several  departments,  and  when  he  receives  their  monthly  returns 
shall  give  them  credit  for  the  same,  charging  the  several  regiments  or 
persons  to  whom  such  advances  have  been  made  and  transmitting  their 
accounts  to  the  auditors  of  the  Army,  respectively. 

That  the  auditors  of  the  Army  in  the  several  districts  make  monthly 
returns  to  the  Paymaster-General  of  the  accounts  settled  in  their  office, 
particularly  specifying  the  manner  in  which  such  accounts  were  bal- 
anced and  the  date  of  the  settlement. 

That  a  deputy  paymaster-general  be  appointed  for  the  army  under 
the  immediate  command  of  His  Excellency  General  Washington. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  the  Treasury  to 
consider  and  report  the  allowances  of  pay  to  be  made  to  the  deputy 
paymaster-general  at  the  main  army,  as  well  as  to  the  deputy  pay- 
masters-general in  the  other  districts,  and  to  the  clerks  of  the  several 
deputy  paymasters-general. 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  453 

June  7,  1779. 

The  Committee  on  the  Treasury  having  nominated  John  Pierce  to 
the  office  of  deputy  paymaster-general  to  the  army  under  the  imme- 
diate command  of  General  Washington,  Congress  proceeded  to  an 
election ;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  John  Pierce  was  chosen. 


The  Committee  on  the  Treasury  having  nominated  Thomas  Reed  to 
the  office  of  deputy  paymaster-general  at  Albany,  Congress  proceeded 
to  the  election;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Thomas  Reed  was  chosen. 

August  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  half  pay  provided  by  the  resolution  of  the  15th 
of  May,  1778,  be  extended  to  continue  for  life,  and  that  the  holding  of 
a  civil  office  under  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them,  shall  be  no  bar 
to  prevent  any  officer  from  receiving  the  same. 

August  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  until  further  order  of  Congress  the  said  officers  [of 
the  Army]  be  entitled  to  receive  monthly  for  their  subsistence  money 
the  sums  following,  to  wit:  Each  colonel,  .  .  .  500  dollars;  every 
lieutenant-colonel,  400  dollars;  every  major,  .  .  .  300  dollars; 
every  captain,  200  dollars;  eveiy  lieutenant,  ensign,  .  .  .  100 
dollars. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  sum  of  10 
dollars  be  paid  to  every  noncommissioned  officer  and  soldier  monthly 
for  their  subsistence  in  lieu  of  those  articles  of  f  ood  originally  intended 
for  them  and  not  furnished. 

September  16,  1779. 

A  letter  of  this  day  from  William  Palfrey,  Paymaster-General,  was 
read,  informing  that  John  Bavnton  has  resigned  the  office  of  paymaster 
for  the  western  district,  and  that  it  is  necessary  another  person  be 
appointed  to  succeed  him;  whereupon 

Congress  proceeded  to  an  election ;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
John  Bowman  was  elected  deputy  paymaster  for  the  western  district, 
in  the  room  of  John  Baynton,  resigned. 

November  12,  1779. 

.  .  .  it  was  resolved  that  William  Palfrey,  esq. ,  Paymaster-Gen- 
eral, as  a  further  compensation  for  his  services,  be  allowed  the  sum  of 
20,000  dollars. 

lirxol rrd.  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  Paymaster- 
General  to  the  armies  <>f  the  United  States  be  allowed  at  the  rate  of 
14,000  dollars  per  annum. 


454       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

May  3,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  until  the  further  order  of  Congress  the  deputy  pay- 
masters-general, under  the  Paymaster-General  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,  be  allowed  at  the  rate  of  8/10ths  per  cent  on  the  moneys 
which  they  may  pay  out,  respectively,  to  the  Army;  and  that  this 
commission  have  retrospect  from  the  29th  day  of  May,  1779,  when  the 
pay  office  was  last  regulated;  that  the  said  allowance  be  in  full  pay- 
ment for  the  services  of  themselves  and  assistants,  and  in  full  compen- 
sation for  all  expenses,  except  one  ration  a  day  each,  while  at  camp, 
for  themselves  and  assistants. 

June  U,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Major-General  Gates  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint  ...  a  deputy  paymaster-general  .  .  . 
[for  the  Southern  Army]. 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses  be 
allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be  by 
order  of  the  commander  in  chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate 
army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  baggage 
wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to  wit: 

*  *  * 

Deputy  paymaster,  either  with  the  main  army  or  with  a  separate 
army,  1  covered  4-horse  wagon. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bathorses  by  these  regulations,  there  be  issued     .     .     .     : 
To  a     .     .     .     deputy  paymaster,  one;     .     .     . 

November  4,  1780. — Dr.  William  Palfrey,  late  Paymaster-General,  was  elected  con- 
sul, to  reside  in  France. 

Jcmuary  17, 1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  Paymaster-General  of  the 
Army;  and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  John  Pierce  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated  by 
Mr.  Clarke. 

September  25, 1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be  authorized  and 
directed  to  ascertain  the  value  of  a  ration,  from  time  to  time,  and  cer- 
tify the  same  to  the  Paymaster-General,  who  shall  govern  himself 
accordingly  in  settling  with  the  officers. 

January  1,  1782. — "The  Paymaster-General  or  his  deputy  will,  at  the  close  of  every 
month,  settle  with  the  contractors  [supplying  the  troops  with  provisions],  and  after 
paying  them  for  such  articles  as  the  officers  have  drawn,  pay  each  officer  .  .  .  the 
balance  due  him."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Philadelphia.) 


THE   PAY    DEPARTMENT.  .       455 

January  16,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  such  officers  of 
the  hospital  and  medical  department  as  are  entitled  to  an  allowance 
for  depreciation  by  any  resolution  of  Congress,  the  establishment  of 
pay  made  upon  the  8th  day  of  April,  1777,  be  considered  as  specie. 

April  8,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  at  War  .  .  .  issue  his 
warrants  on  the  Paymaster-General,  in  favour  of  each  regimental  pay- 
master, for  the  pay  and  rations  which  shall  appear  on  adjustment  ot 
their  accounts  to  be  due  to  the  regiments,  respectively,  .  .  .  ; 
that  the  accounts  for  the  pay  and  rations  of  each  regiment,  .  .  .  , 
from  January  1,  1782,  shall  be  made  out  at  the  end  of  every  month 
and  be  transmitted  to  the  war  office  for  examination  and  warrants; 

That  the  manner  of  making  the  payments,  of  keeping  the  accounts 
and  the  returns  of  the  regimental  paymasters  be  regulated  by  the 
Secretary  at  War; 

That  the  Paymaster-General  shall  pay  on  the  warrants  of  the  Secre- 
tary at  War  from  such  monies  as  shall  be  put  into  his  hands  for  the 
pay  and  rations  of  the  troops,  and  to  the  orders  of  the  commander  in 
chief,  or  officer  commanding  the  Southern  Army,  from  such  monies  as 
shall  be  placed  in  his  disposal  for  contingencies. 

Resolved,  That  all  resolutions  heretofore  passed  empowering  gen- 
eral officers  to  draw  warrants  on  the  Paymaster-General,  except  that 
empowering  the  officer  commanding  the  Southern  Army,  be,  and  the 
same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  one  deputy  paymaster  for  the  Southern 
Army; 

That  there  shall  be  one  assistant  allowed  to  the  Paymaster-General, 
who  shall  do  the  duties  of  a  clerk; 

That  the  Paymaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint  his  deputy  and  assistant; 

That  the  Paymaster-General  immediately  give  bonds,  with  two  sure- 
ties, to  the  superintendent  of  finance,  in  the  sum  of  15,000  dollars,  for 
the  faithful  performance  of  his  office. 

April  22,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or  allow- 
ances to  officers  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  entitled 
to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  .  .  .  be,  and  the}r  are 
hereby,  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 
officer  sliull  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations,  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 

*  *  * 

Deputy  paymaster,  with  the  Southern  Army,  l£  rations  per  day;  11 
dollars  per  month. 

April  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants,  beyond  the 
number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced;  .  .  . 
except  such  of   them  as   shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the  staff 


456       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  case  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respective 
ranks  in  the  Army  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pay  and  subsistence  be- 
longing to  their  rank  in  the  line  as  a  compensation  for  their  respective 
services  in  the  staff,  without  any  other  allowance  whatsoever;     .     .     . 

May  16,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Paymaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  appoint  a  deputy  paymaster  to  reside  with  the  Main  Army. 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,     .     .     .     That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,     .     .     .     : 
*  *  * 

Deputy  paymaster  with  the  Main  and  Southern  Arnry,  each,  one 
two-horse-wagon. 

»  *  * 

That  there  shall  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

*  •  * 

Deputy  paymaster 1  ration. 

ft  -*  •» 

November  20,  1782. 

Ordered,  That  the  Paymaster-General  furnish  the  Secretary  at  War, 
from  time  to  time,  as  they  may  be  called  for  by  him,  with  the  accounts 
of  all  pay  and  advances  received  by  or  chargeable  to  the  officers  and 
men  of  the  several  regiments  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

June  5,  1783. — "The  paymasters  or  agents  of  regiments,  as  soon  as  they  have  fin- 
ished the  accounts  of  their  own  corps,  are  requested  to  attach  themselves  to  the 
Paymaster-General  if  they  can  make  it  convenient,  and  to  assist  in  completing  the 
general  settlement  as  soon  as  possible."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

July  4,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  the  Paymaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  fully 
authorized  and  empowered  to  settle  and  finally  adjust  all  accounts 
whatsoever  between  the  United  States  and  the  officers  and  soldiers  of 
the  American  Army,  so  as  to  include  all  and  every  demand  which  they 
or  either  of  them  may  have  by  virtue  of  the  several  resolutions  and 
acts  of  Congress  relating  thereto. 

September  10,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  at  War  inform  the  Paymaster-General 
that  brevet  commissions  do  not  entitle  to  pay  or  emoluments,  unless 
the  same  be  expressed  in  the  resolution  granting  such  commissions. 

June  1,  178J/.. 

Resolved,  That  in  settling  the  accounts  of  the  deputy  paymasters  in 
the  main  and  southern  armies,  who  are  appointed  in  pursuance  of  the 
act  of  the  8th  of  April,  1782,  they  be  allowed  at  the  rate  of  75  dollars 
per  month  while  they  were  in  service,  including  such  advances  as  have 
been  made  under  the  head  of  subsistence  or  otherwise. 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  457 

Augusts,  1785. 

St  -"/'•'  <L  That  the  Paymaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed 
to  settle  with  the  widows  and  orphans  of  officers  who  did  not  belong 
to  any  of  the  United  States,  entitled  to  7  3'ears'  half  pa}T,  under  the 
resolution  of  August  24, 1780,  and  to  issue  to  them  certificates  therefor. 

March  23, 1787. 

JSesolved,  That  the  services  and  duties  of  the  Paymaster-General  be, 
and  hereby  are,  united  with  those  of  the  commissioner  of  army 
accounts,  and  that  the  said  commissioner,  after  the  expiration  of  the 
present  quarter,  be  allowed,  in  full  for  his  services  as  commissioner 
and  Paymaster-General,  a  salary  at  the  rate  of  1,250  dollars  annually. 

October  2,  1788. 

The  committee,  consisting  of  Mr.  Howard,  Mr.  Few,  Mr.  Drayton, 
Mr.  Gilman,  and  Mr.  Carrington,  appointed  to  make  full  enquiry  into 
the  proceedings  in  the  Department  of  War,  beg  leave  to  report,  and 
to  present  to  the  view  of  Congress  a  summaiy  statement  of  the  various 
branches  of  the  Department  of  War. 

*  *  * 

3RD — OF   THE   PAY   OF   THE   TROOPS. 

The  troops  have  generally  been  paid  up  to  the  1st  of  Januaiy,  1787, 
and  the  officers  have  had  their  subsistence  and  forage  money  paid  up 
to  the  1st  of  April,  1788.  Both  officers  and  soldiers  appear  well  satis- 
fied in  this  respect.  But  as  about  200  noncommissioned  officers  and 
privates  will  be  discharged  during  the  present  year,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary that  the  Treasury  Board  devise  some  mode  to  make  them  satisfac- 
tory payment.  The  balance  due  the  troops  to  the  1st  day  of  July  is 
estimated  at  65,000  dollars. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  May  8,  1792  (1  Stats.,  279). 
AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  "War  Departments. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  be  a  paymaster  to  reside  near  the  headquarters 
of  the  troops  of  the  United  States.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
said  paymaster  to  receive  from  the  Treasurer  all  the  moneys  which  shall 


be  intrusted  to  him  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the  pay,  the  arrears  of 
pay,  subsistence,  or  forage  due  to  the  troops  of  the  United  States.  That 
he  shall  receive  the  pay  abstracts  of  the  paymasters  of  the  several  regi- 


ments or  corps,  and  compare  the  same  with  the  returns  or  muster  rolls 
which  shall  accompany  the  said  pay  abstracts.  That  he  shall  certify 
accurately  to  the  commanding  officer  the  sums  due  the  respective 
corps,  which  shall  have  been  examined  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  thereon 
issue  his  warrant  on  the  said  deputy  paymaster  for  toe  payment  accord- 
ingly. The  copies  of  all  reports  to  the  commanding  officer,  and  the 
warrants  thereon,  shall  be  duly  transmitted  to  the  office  of  the  account- 


458       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ant  of  the  War  Department,  in  order  to  be  there  examined  and  finally 
adjusted  at  the  Treasury.  That  the  said  paymaster  shall  give  bond  in 
the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  with  two  sufficient  sureties,  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  his  duty,  and  he  shall  take  an  oath  faithfully  to 
execute  the  duties  of  his  office.  That  the  compensation  to  the  said 
pa}Tmaster  shall  be  sixtjr  dollars  monthly,  with  the  same  rations  and 
forage  as  a  major. 


Act  of  May  30,  1796  (1  Stats.,  483). 
AN  ACT  to  ascertain  and  fix  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be    .     .     .    one  Paymaster-General    .     .    . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  ...  of  the 
military  establishment  be  as  follows:  .  .  .  Paymaster-General 
.     .     .     in  addition  their  pay  in  the  line,  twenty -five  dollars     .     .     . 

Sec.  13.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  .  .  .  paymaster-generals,  .  .  .  six  rations, 
.  .  .  or  money  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  said  officer,  at  the 
posts,  respectively,  where  the  rations  shall  become  due;  and  if  at 
such  post  supplies  are  not  furnished  by  contract,  then  such  allowance 
as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having  reference  to  former  contracts 
and  the  position  of  the  place  in  question. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  officers  hereinafter  described  shall,  whenever 
forage  shall  not  be  furnished  by  the  public,  receive  at  the  rate  of  the 
following  enumerated  sums,  per  month,  instead  thereof,  to  wit: 
.     .     .     paymaster-generals     .     .     .     twelve  dollars     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  general  staff  as  authorized  by  this  act  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  until  the  4th  day  of  next  March,  and  no  longer. 

Act  of  March  3,  1797  {1  Stats.,  507). 

AX  ACT  to  amend  and  repeal,  in  part,  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  ascertain  and  fix 
the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States." 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  one  .  .  .  Paymaster-General,  who 
shall  receive  the  same  pay  and  emoluments,  ...  .  .  heretofore 
.     .     .     allowed  by  law. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  May  28,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558). 
AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 


Sec.  7.  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  the  employment  of  a 

.     Paymaster-General     .     .     .     essential  to  the  public  interest, 

he  is  hereby  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  459 

Senate,  to  appoint  the  same  accordingly,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the 
rank,  pa)-,  and  emoluments  which  follow,  viz:  .  .  .  Paymaster- 
General  .  .  .  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant-colonel: 
Provided,  That  in  case  the  President  shall  judge  it  expedient  to 
appoint  a  .  .  .  Paymaster-General  ...  in  the  recess  of  the 
Senate,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  .  .  .  said  appointments 
and  grant  commissions  thereon,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the 
next  session  of  the  Senate  thereafter. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  .  .  .  Paymaster-General  .  .  .  who  may 
be  appointed  by  virtue  of  this  act  shall  .  .  .  continue  in  commis- 
sion during  such  term  only  as  the  President  shall  judge  requisite  for 
the  public  service;     .     .     . 

Sec.  10.  That  no  .  .  .  staff  officer  who  shall  be  appointed  by 
virtue  of  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  pay  or  emoluments  until 
he  shall  be  called  into  actual  service,  nor  for  any  longer  time  than  he 
shall  continue  therein.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  7^9). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  15.  That  the  Paymaster-General  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States  shall  always  quarter  at  or  near  the  headquarters  of  the  main 
army,  or  at  such  place  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  deem  proper; 
and  that,  to  the  army  on  the  Western  frontiers  and  to  detachments 
from  the  main  army,  intended  to  act  separately  for  a  time,  he  shall 
appoint  deputy  paymasters,  who  shall  account  to  him  for  the  money 
advanced  to  them,  and  shall  each  give  a  bond  in  the  sum  of  fifteen 
thousand  dollars,  with  sufficient  sureties,  for  the  faithful  discharge  of 
their  duties,  respectively,  and  take  an  oath  faithfully  to  execute  the 
duties  of  their  offices.  .  .  .  And  that  the  Paymaster-General  shall 
receive  eighty  dollars  per  month,  with  the  rations  and  forage  of  a 
major,  in  full  compensation  for  his  services  and  traveling  expenses; 
and  the  deputy,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments,  thirty 
dollars  per  month,  in  full  compensation  for  his  services  and  traveling 
expenses. 


Art  of  April  22,  1800  (?3  Stats.,  38). 

AN  ACT  to  fix  the  compensation  of  the   Paymaster-General  and  assistant  to  the 

Ad  j  utan  t-General . 

Sec.  1.  That  the  Paymaster-General  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  shall  receive  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  per  month,  with 
the  rations  and  forage  of  a  major,  in  full  compensation  for  his  services 
and  traveling  expenses,  to  be  computed  from  the  commencement  of  the 
time  of  his  actual  residence  at  the  seat  of  Government,  anything  in  the 
"Act  for  the  better  organization  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  other  purposes,"  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 


460       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  .  .  .  one  paymaster  of  the  Army, 
seven  paymasters  and  two  assistants,  to  be  attached  to  such  districts 
as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  direct,  to  be  taken  from  the 
line  of  commissioned  officers,  who,  in  addition  to  their  other  duties, 
shall  have  charge  of  the  clothing  of  the  troops.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  To  the  .  .  .  paymaster  of  the  Army,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  dollars,  without  any  other  emolument,  except  such  stationery 
as  may  be  requisite  in  his  department  and  the  use  of  the  public  office 
now  occupied  by  him;  .  .  .  each  paymaster  attached  to  districts, 
thirty  dollars,  and  each  assistant  to  such  paymaster,  ten  dollars,  in 
addition  to  his  pay  in  the  line.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized 
to  cause  to  be  furnished  to  the  paymasters  of  the  respective  districts 
such  surplus  of  clothing  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  which  clothing 
shall,  under  his  direction,  be  furnished  to  the  soldiers,  when  necessary, 
at  the  contract  prices  and  accounted  for  by  them  out  of  the  arrears  of 

monthly  pay. 

*  *  • 

Sec.  13.  That  the  said  corps  shall  be  paid  in  such  manner  that  the 
arrears  shall,  at  no  time,  exceed  two  months,  unless  the  circumstances 
of  the  case  shall  render  it  unavoidable. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  Paymaster  shall  perform  the  duties  of  his  office, 
agreeable  to  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
time  being;  and  before  he  enters  on  the  duties  of  the  same  shall  give 
bonds,  with  good  and  sufficient  sureties,  in  such  sums  as  the  President 
shall  direct,  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  said  office;  and  shall  take 
an  oath  to  execute  the  duties  thereof  with  fidelity ;  and  it  shall,  moreover, 
be  his  duty  to  appoint  from  the  line,  with  the  approbation  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  the  several  paymasters  to  districts  and 
assistants  prescribed  by  this  act;  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  require 
the  said  paymasters  to  districts  and  assistants  to  enter  into  bonds, 
with  good  and  sufficient  surety,  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  their 
respective  duties. 


Act  of  April  30,  1810  (2  Stats.,  592). 
AN  ACT  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 


Sec.  24.  That  letters  and  packets,  to  and  from  the  following  officers 
of  the  United  States,  shall  be  received  and  conveyed  by  post,  free  of 
postage,     .     .     .     the     .     .     .     Paymaster  of  the  Army.     .     .     . 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  461 

Act  of  January  11,  1812  (2  Stats.,  671). 

AN  ACT  to  raise  an  additional  military  force. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to 
cause  to  be  furnished  to  the  paymasters  of  the  respective  districts  such 
surplus  of  clothing  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  which  clothing  shall, 
under  his  direction,  be  furnished  to  the  soldiers,  when  necessary,  at 
the  contract  prices  and  accounted  for  by  them  out  of  their  arrears  of 

monthly  pay. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  the  said  corps  shall  be  paid  in  such  manner  that  the 
arrears  shall,  at  no  time,  exceed  two  months,  unless  the  circumstances 
of  the  case  shall  render  it  unavoidable. 


Act  of  May  16,  1812  (2  Stats.,  735). 
AN  ACT  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  appoint  so  many  district  paymasters  as,  in  his 
judgment,  the  service  may  require;  and  if  such  paymasters  are  taken 
from  the  line  of  the  Army,  they  shall,  respectively,  receive  thirty 
dollars  per  month  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line:  Provided,  The 
same  shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major;  and 
if  not  taken  from  the  line,  they  shall  receive  the  same  pay  and  emolu- 
ments as  a  major  of  infantry. 

Sec.  2.  .  .  .  Provided,  That  all  district  .  .  .  paymasters 
shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war,  and  give  such  bonds 
to  the  United  States  as  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War  may 
direct  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties.  And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  commanding  officer,  when  requested  by  the  paymaster,  to 
furnish  a  capable  noncommissioned  officer  or  soldier  "to  aid  him  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duty,  who,  while  so  employed,  shall  receive  double  pay. 

Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  784). 

A  N  ACT  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

*  #  * 

Sec.  2.  That  to  any  army  of  the  United  Slates,  other  than  that  in 
which  the  .  .  .  Paymaster  of  the  Army  shall  serve,  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  President  to  appoint  .  .  .  one  deputy  paymaster-general 
who  shall  be  taken  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  who  shall,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments,  be  entitled  to  fifty  dollars  per 
month,  which  shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  his  extra  services. 
And  that  there  shall  be,  to  each  of  the  foregoing  deputies,  such  num- 
ber of  assistant  deputies  (not  exceeding  three  to  each  department}  as 
the  public  service  may  require,  who  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  taken 
from  the  line,  and  who  shall  each  be  entitled  to  thirty  dollars  per 
month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  other  emoluments,  which  shall  be  in 
full  compensation  for  his  extra  services:  And jwovided  also,  That  the 


462       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint  any  of  the  officers  named  in  this  act  during  the  recess  of  the 
Senate,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  their  next  meeting  for  their 
advice  and  consent. 


Act  of  January  29,  1813  (2  Stats.,  794). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  raise  an  additional  military  force," 

and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  said  regiments  shall  be  paid  in  such  manner  that 
the  arrears  shall  at  no  time  exceed  two  months,  unless  the  circumstances 
of  the  case  shall  render  it  unavoidable. 


Act  of  March  3,  1813  (2  Stats.,  816). 

AN  ACT  the  better  to  provide  for  the  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  the  accountability  of  persons  entrusted  with  the  same. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  .  .  .  who  may  receive  monies  in 
advance  from  the  War  Department  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  to 
the  accountant  of  the  said  Department  of  their  specie  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements, and  shall  moreover  make  such  other  monthly  summary 
statements  thereof  to  the  Secretary  for  the  said  Department  as  he  may 
prescribe.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  30,  1814  {3  Stats.,  113). 

AN  ACT  for  better  organizing,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  in  no  case  shall  the  district  paymasters  ...  be 
taken  from  the  line  of  the  Arnry. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  18,  1814  {3  Stats.,  128). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  salary  of  the  Paymaster  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and 
allowing  a  sum  for  the  employment  of  additional  clerks  in  his  office  for  the  year 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fourteen,  and  providing  for  the  appointment  of 
assistant  district  paymasters. 

That  in  lieu  of  the  monthly  compensation  now  allowed  by  law  to  the 
Paymaster  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  he  shall  receive  an 
annual  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars,  to  be  paid  quarter  yearly,  at 
the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  to  commence  on  the  1st  day  of 
January  last.     .     .     . 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint 
so  many  assistant  district  paymasters,  not  exceeding  thirty,  as  the 
public  service  may,  in  his  opinion,  require:  Provided  That  the  Presi- 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  463 

dent  of  the  United  States  shall  have  power  to  appoint  any  officer 
authorized  by  this  act,  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  to  be  submitted 
to  them  for  their  advice  and  consent  at  their  next  session. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Paymaster  of  the  Army, 
under  the  direction  of  the  War  Department,  to  make  all  disburse- 
ments of  money  within  that  Department  to  the  district  paymasters, 
and  to  adjust,  state,  and  exhibit  their  several  accounts,  according  to 
such  forms,  and  within  such  periods,  as  shall  be  prescribed  for  that 
purpose  by  the  Treasury  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  to  secure  the  regular  and  punctual  payment  of  the 
troops,  the  district  paymasters  shall  examine  and  transmit  to  the  Pay- 
master of  the  Army  the  accounts  and  vouchers  for  all  disbursements 
which  have  been  made  by  them  to  the  troops  of  the  army  or  district 
where  they  shall  be  stationed,  as  soon  as  the  first  payment  shall  have 
been  made,  and  accompany  the  same  with  an  estimate  for  the  next 
payment,  which  accounts  and  estimates  shall  be  regularly  transmitted, 
that  settlements  may  be  made  and  competent  funds  remitted:  Provided 
also,  That  the  said  district  and  assistant  paymasters  shall  make  pay- 
ments to  the  militia  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  when  required 
by  the  Secretary  of  War  or  the  Paymaster  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  assistant  district  paymasters  shall  receive  the  pay 
and*emoluments  of  a  captain  of  infantry  and  forage  for  one  horse. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  district  and  assistant  district  paymasters  shall 
severally  give  bonds,  with  good  and  sufficient  security,  to  the  United 
States  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties,  in  such  sums  as 
shall  be  required  b}r  the  Paymaster  of  the  Army,  under  the  direction 
of  the  War  Department,  and  shall  be  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles 
of  War. 

Sec.  7.  That  this  act  shall  continue  in  force  until  the  termination  of 
the  war  in  which  the  United  States  are  now  engaged  with  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  the  dependencies  thereof, 
and  for  one  year  thereafter  and  no  longer. 

May  17,  1815. —  .  .  .  And  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  further 
judged  proper,  that,  in  addition  to  the  provision  for  a  general  staff,  which  is  specific- 
ally made  by  the  act  of  Congress,  certain  officers  shall  be  retained,  under  the  spe- 
cial authority  given  by  the  act,  until  circumstances  will  permit  of  their  discharge, 
without  material  injury  to  the  service,  and  that  the  following  shall  be  the 

(iKNERAL   STAFF. 


A  Paymaster  of  the  Army. 

Two  deputy  paymM toro-general  and  two  assistant  deputy  paymasters,  to  be  pro- 
visionallv  retained. 

*  *  * 

(General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  0.'$  Office.) 

Act  of  April  2Jh  1816  (3  Stats.,  <207). 

AN  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  I'nitcd  States. 


Seo.  8.  That  the  Pay  Department  shall  consist  »-f  one  Paymaster- 
Genera]  of  the  Army,  with  the  annua]  salary  of  two  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars,  and  that     .     .     .     there  be  appointed  one  paymaster 


464      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

to  each  battalion  of  the  corps  of  artillery,  who,  .  .  .  ,  in  addition 
to  the  regular  and  punctual  payment  of  their  respective  .  .  . 
corps,  shall  discharge  the  duties  of  district  paymasters  within  such  dis- 
trict as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  assigned  them  by  the  Pa}7master- 
General,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War:  Provided,  That 
.  .  .  battalion  paymasters  may  be  taken  either  from  the  subalterns 
of  the  Army  or  citizens  and  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States:  Provided  also,  That  .  .  .  battalion  paj^masters  shall  receive 
the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major,  and  shall  be  allowed  a  capable  non- 
commissioned officer  as  clerk,  who  while  so  employed  shall  receive 
double  pay  and  the  actual  expense  of  transportation  while  traveling 
under  orders  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  .  .  .  battalion  pay- 
masters to  pay  all  the  regular  troops;  and  to  ensure  punctuality  and 
responsibility  correct  reports  shall  be  made  to  the  Paymaster-General 
once  in  two  months,  showing  the  disposition  of  the  funds  previously 
transmitted,  with  accurate  estimates  for  the  next  payment  of  such  regi- 
ment, garrison,  or  department  as  may  have  been  assigned  to  each;  and 
whenever  any  paymaster  shall  fail  to  transmit  such  estimate  or  neglect 
to  render  his  vouchers  to  the  Paymaster-General  for  settlement  of  his 
accounts  more  than  six  months  after  receiving  funds  he  shall  be  recalled 
and  another  appointed  in  his  place. 

%  %  % 

Sec.  6.  That  all  officers  of  the  Pay  .  .  .  Department  shall,  pre- 
vious to  their  entering  on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give 
good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the  United  States,  fully  to  account  for  all 
moneys  and  public  property  which  they  may  receive,  in  such  sum  as 
the  Secretary  of  War  shall  direct;  and  all  paymasters  .  .  .  shall 
be  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War  in  the  same  manner  as  com- 
missioned officers:  Provided  also,  That  all  officers  of  the  Pay  .  . 
Department  be  submitted  to  the  Senate  for  their  confirmation  in  the 
same  manner  as  officers  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  :  Provided,  That  whenever  more  than  the  author- 
ized quantity  is  required  the  value  of  the  extra  articles  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  soldiers'  pay,  and  in  like  manner  the  soldiers  shall 
receive  pay  according  to  the  annual  estimated  value  for  such  author- 
ized articles  of  uniform  as  shall  not  have  been  issued  to  him  in  each 
year:  Provided  also,  That  the  manner  of  issuing  and  accounting  for 
clothing  shall  be  established  in  the  general  regulations  of  the  War 
Department. 

Sec.  8.  That  in  all  cases  where  a  soldier  of  the  Regular  Army  shall 
have  been  discharged  from  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and  cloth- 
ing shall  be  due  to  said  soldier,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Paymaster- 
General  to  cause  the  same  to  be  paid  for  according  to  the  price  paid  in 
the  seventh  section  of  this  act. 


Act  of  Ajrril  26,  1816  (3  Stats.,  301). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  Act  entitled  "An  act  granting  bounties  in  land  and 
extra  pay  to  certain  Canadian  volunteers." 

That  instead  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  as  is  prescribed 
by  the  third  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  the  Pay- 
master of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  465 

ized  and  required  to  pay  each  of  the  persons  [citizens  of  the  United 
States  anterior  to  the  late  war,  and  at  its  commencement  inhabiting 
Canada,  but  who  during  the  war  joined  the  armies  of  the  United 
States  as  volunteers]  described  in  the  act  above  recited,  according  to 
the  provisions  thereof,  three  months'  pay  in  addition  to  that  to  which 
they  may  have  been  previously  entitled,  according  to  the  rank  they 
respectively  held  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  during  the  late 
war. 

Act  of  March  3,  1817  (3  Stats.,  399). 

AN  ACT  for  the  relief  of  certain  officers. 

That  the  Paymaster-General  be  authorized,  and  is  hereby  required, 
to  pay  the  general  staff  (the  volunteer  aids  excepted)  of  the  governor 
of  the  Illinois  Territory,  while  in  service  in  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  twelve;  and  that  to  each  one  be  allowed  the  pay  and 
emoluments  of  a  major  of  infantry. 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  Uuited  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  there  shall  be  one  Paymaster-General  with  the  present 
compensation,  and  fourteen  paymasters  with  the  pay  and  emoluments 
of  regimental  paymasters. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  2,  1827  (j.  Stats.,  238). 

AN  ACT  amendatory  of  the  act  regulating  the  Post-Office  Department. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  .  .  .  Paymaster-General  .  .  .  be  author- 
ized to  frank  and  to  receive  letters  and  packets  by  post  free  of 
postage.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  July  U,  1832  (4  Stats.,  580). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  the  several  acts  making  appropriation  for  the  civil  and 
military  service  during  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-two. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  district  paymasters  of  the 
Arm}-  of  the  United  States,  in  addition  to  the  payments  required  to  be 
made  by  them  to  the  regular  troops,  to  make  payment  to  all  other 
troops  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  whenever  required  thereto 
by  order  of  the  President. 


Act  of  March  2,  1833  (4  Stats.,  61$). 

ipriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army 
sand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-three. 


AN  AC"P  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  one  thou- 

"  ed  i 


Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  authorized,  at  his  discretion, 
out  of  the  monies  appropriated  by  this  or  any  former  act  for  the  pay- 

S.  Doc.  229 30 


466       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ment  of  the  militia  ordered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  accord- 
ing- to  law  during  the  last  year,  to  allow  and  pay  to  the  district  pay- 
masters of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  employed  in  making  such 
payments  a  commission  on  the  sums  respectively  paid  by  them,  not 
exceeding  one  per  centum  upon  the  amounts. 

Act  of  July  4,  1836  (5  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  appointment  of   additional  paymasters,  and   for  other 

purposes. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  appoint  three  additional  paymasters,  to  be 
attached  to  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army:  Provided,  That  the 
appointments  be  submitted  to  the  Senate  for  their  confirmation  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  officers  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  officers  appointed  in  virtue  of  this  act  shall  per- 
form the  same  duties  and  receive  the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  the 
present  paymasters  of  the  Army,  and  shall  in  like  manner  be  subject 
to  the  rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  previous  to  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  their  office  shall  give  such  bonds  to  the  United  States  as  the 
Secretary  of  War  may  direct  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their 
duties. 

Sec.  3.  That  when  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  so  that  the  paymasters  authorized  by  law  shall  not 
be  deemed  sufficient  to  enable  them  to  pay  the  troops  with  proper 
punctuality,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  to  assign  to  any  officer 
of  the  Army  the  duty  of  paymaster,  who,  while  so  assigned,  shall  per- 
form the  same  duty,  give  the  same  bond,  be  subject  to  the  same  liability, 
and  receive  the  same  emoluments  as  are  now  provided  for  paymaster 
of  the  Army:  Provided,  however,  That  the  number  of  officers  so 
assigned  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  two  regiments  of  militia  or 
volunteers:  And  provided  also,  That  the  whole  emoluments  of  said 
officers,  including  their  pay  and  allowances  in  the  line,  shall  not  exceed 
the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  paymaster. 


Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  the  act  passed  the  twentj^-ninth  day  of 
April,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve,  entitled  "An  act  making 
provision  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers,"  as  provides  that  one  paymaster 
shall  be  taken  from  the  subalterns  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed;  and  that  the  paymaster  so  authorized 
and  provided  be  attached  to  the  Pay  Department,  and  be  in  every  respect 
placed  on  the  footing  of  other  paymasters  of  the  Army. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  20.  That  whenever  suitable  noncommissioned  officers  or  privates 
can  not  be  procured  from  the  line  of  the  Army  to  serve  as  paymaster's 
clerks,  paymasters  be,  and  hereby  are,  authorized  and  empowered,  by 


THE  PAY  DEPAKTMENT.  467 

and  with  the  approbation  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  employ  citizens 
to  perform  that  duty,  at  salaries  not  to  exceed  live  hundred  dollars  per 

annum  each. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  hereafter  the  officers  of  the  Pay  .  .  .  depart- 
ments of  the  Army  shall  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  officers 
of  cavalry  of  the  same  grades,  respectively,  according  to  which  they 
are  now  paid  b}r  existing  laws. 

Sec.  25.  That  when  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  so  that  the  paymasters  authorized  by  law  shall 
not  be  deemed  sufficient  to  enable  them  to  pay  the  troops  with  proper 
punctuality,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint  as  many 
additional  pajmasters  as  he  shall  deem  necessary,  who  shall  perform 
the  same  dut}%  give  the  same  bond,  be  subject  to  the  same  liability, 
and  receive  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are  now  provided  for  pay- 
masters of  the  Army:  Provided,  however,  That  the  number  so  appointed 
shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  two  regiments  of  militia  or  volunteers: 
And  provided  also,  That  the  persons  so  appointed  shall  continue  in 
service  only  so  long  as  their  services  are  required  to  pay  militia  or  vol- 
unteers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  31.  That  ...  no  officer  of  the  line  of  the  Army  shall  here- 
after be  employed  as  acting  paymaster,  ...  if  such  extra  employ- 
ment require  that  he  be  separated  from  his  regiment  or  company,  or 
otherwise  interfere  with  the  performance  of  the  military  duties  proper: 
Provided,  That  when  officers  of  the  Army  are  now  employed  .  .  . 
in  the  .  .  .  pay  departments  as  contemplated  in  this  section,  they 
may  be  continued  therein  not  exceeding  one  year,  unless  the  conven- 
ience of  the  service  will  admit  of  their  withdrawal  sooner. 


Act  of  July  7, 1838  (S  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  5, 
18o8. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 

*  .  *  * 

Ninth.  That  the  said  act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  allow  the  Pay- 
master-General ...  of  the  Army  the  additional  rations  therein 
granted  to  officers  of  the  line  and  staff  for  every  five  years'  service. 

August  11,  1842  (5-604). — The  Paymaster-General  was  directed  to  ascertain  and 
certify  what  would  have  been  due  to  the  militia  called  out  by  the  State  of  Georgia, 
during  the  Seminole,  Cherokee,  and  Creek  campaigns,  or  for  the  suppression  of  Indian 
hostilities  in  Florida  and  Alabama,  if  the  volunteers  and  militia  had  been  duly  called 
and  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

Act  of  August  23,  181$  (5  Stats.,  512). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  within  one  month  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the 
offices  of  .  .  .  three  paymasters  .  .  .  shall  be  abolished,  and 
that  number  of  paymasters     .     .     .     shall  be  discharged  by  the  Presi- 


468       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

dent,  and  they  shall  be  allowed  three  months'  pay,  in  addition  to  the 

pay  and  emoluments  to  which  they  may  be  entitled  at  the  time  of  their 

discharge. 

»  *  * 

Act  of  June  17,  1846  (9  Stats.,  17). 
AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized, by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint 
three  additional  paymasters,  to  be  attached  to  the  Pay  Department  of 
the  Army. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  officers  appointed  in  virtue  of  this  act  shall  per- 
form the  same  duties,  receive  the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  the 
present  paymasters  of  the  Army,  and  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  subject 
to  the  rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and,  previous  to  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  their  office,  shall  give  such  bonds  to  the  United  States  as  the 
Secretary  of  War  may  direct,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their 
duties. 

Act  of  March  3,  181,7  (9  Stats.,  184). 

AN  ACT  making  provision  for  an  additional  number  of  general  officers,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to 
add  to  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army  two  deputy  paymaster- 
generals,  with  the  pay  and  allowances,  each,  of  a  paymaster  of  the 
Army;  and  the  officers  so  appointed  shall  give  such  bonds  as  the 
President  shall,  from  time  to  time,  direct:  Provided,  That  the  deputy 
paymaster-generals  shall,  in  addition  to  paying  troops,  superintend 
the  payment  of  armies  in  the  field. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  officers  of  the  Pay  Department  shall  have  rank 
corresponding  with  the  rank  to  which  their  pay  and  allowances  are 
assimilated:  Provided,  That  paymasters  shall  not,  in  virtue  of  such 
rank,  be  entitled  to  command  in  the  line  or  other  staff  departments 
of  the  Army :  Provided  also,  That  the  right  to  command  in  the  Pay 
Department,  between  officers  having  the  same  rank,  shall  be  in  favor 
of  the  oldest  in  service  in  the  department,  without  regard  to  the  date 
of  commission  under  which  they  may  be  acting  at  the  time. 

Sec.  14.  That  all  paymasters  hereafter  to  be  appointed  by  the  Presi 
dent  for  the  volunteer  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be  nominated 
to  the  Senate  for  confirmation  to  such  office. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  22.  That  all  officers  appointed  .  .  .  under  this  act  shall 
be  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico. 

Act  of  July  19,  18 IS  (9  Stats.,  24.7). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  ' '  An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  '  An  act 
providing  for  the  prosecution  of  the  existing  war  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Republic  of  Mexico,'  "  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  .  .  .  the  act  of  the  third  March, 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty -seven,  as  requires  the  discharge  at  the 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  469 

close  of  the  war  with  Mexico  of  .  .  .  the  two  deputy  paymasters, 
as  authorized  by  the  twelfth  section  of  the  last-mentioned  act,  .  . 
be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided,  That  no  vacancy 
happening  under  the  provisions  so  repealed  shall  be  filled  up  until 
further  authorized  by  law:  And  jwovided  further,  That  the  ten  addi- 
tional paymasters  appointed  in  virtue  of  the  said  foregoing  act  of  third 
March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-seven,  shall  be  retained  in  service 
until  the  fourth  day  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine. 
*  *  * 

July  29,  1848  (9-339). — Paymaster-General  to  establish  regulations  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  three  months'  extra  pay  allowed  to  officers  and  men  who  served  in  the 
Mexican  war,  by  the  act  of  July  19,  1848  (9-247). 

Act  of  August  12,  18^8  {9  Stats.,  303). 
AN  ACT  concerning  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Paymaster-General  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  allow 
any  of  the  paymasters  of  the  Army  who  shall  have  been  employed  in 
the  payment  of  volunteers  during  the  late  war  with  Mexico  such  a 
commission  not  exceeding  one-half  of  one  per  centum  on  all  sums  dis- 
bursed by  them  as  aforesaid  as  he  shall  deem  a  reasonable  compensa- 
tion for  the  risk  and  labor  attending  such  service:  Provided,  That  the 
said  commission  to  any  one  paymaster  shall  not  exceed  one  thousand 
dollars  per  annum  from  the  commencement  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  said  Paymaster- General  may,  in  his  discretion, 
allow  to  any  paymaster's  clerk,  in  lieu  of  the  pay  now  allowed  by  law, 
an  annual  salary  of  seven  hundred  dollars. 

Act  of  March  2,  18^9  (9  Stats.,  350). 

AN  ACT  concerning  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist  of  a  Paymaster- 
General,  who  shall  have  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  the  same  pay  and 
allowances  as  are  at  present  provided  by  law,  and  the  same  tenure  of 
office  as  the  heads  of  other  disbursing  departments  of  the  Army;  two 
deputy  paymasters-general  with  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  as 
are  now  provided  by  law  for  such  officers,  and  the  same  tenure  of  office 
as  officers  of  like  grade  in  other  disbursing  departments  of  the  Army, 
and  twent}r-five  paymasters,  with  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances 
as  are  now  provided  by  law  for  such  officers,  and  the  same  tenure  of 
office  as  officers  of  like  grade  in  other  disbursing  departments  of  the 
Army.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  disbursing  officers  of  the  Pay 
Department  to  renew  their  bonds,  or  furnish  additional  security,  at 
least  once  in  four  years  or  as  much  oftener  as  the  President  may  direct. 
That  the  officers  of  the  Pay  Department  provided  for  by  the  first  sec- 
tion of  this  act  shall  consist  of  the  Paymaster-General,  the  two  deputy 
paymasters-general  now  in  commission,  the  fifteen  paymasters  who 
were  in  service  under  the  acts  in  force  at  the  commencement  of  the 
war  with  Mexico,  and  ten  paymasters  to  be  selected  from  the  additional 
paymasters  now  in  service,  and  the  thirteen  paymasters  authorized  by 
the  acts  of  the  seventeenth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-six, 
and  the  third  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-seven. 

July  29,  1850  (9-562). — Settlement  of  claims  for  extra  nay  granted  to  officers  and 
men  who  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  transferred  from  the  Pay  Department  to  the 
Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 


470       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March,  3,  1851  (9  Stats.,  595). 

AN  ACT  to  found  a  military  asylum  for  the  relief  and  support  of  invalid  and  disabled 
soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  •  -x- 

Sec.  2.  That  .  .  .  the  Paymaster-General  .  .  .  shall  be 
ex  officio  commissioner  of  the  same. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  August  31,  1852  (10  Stats.,  105). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-three. 

*  *  -x- 

Sec.  5.  That  paymasters'  clerks  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  one 
ration  per  day  when  on  duty  at  their  stations,  to  be  commuted  at  the 
price  now  authorized  when  traveling  on  duty. 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1859  {11-431). — Board  of  commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  reduced; 
Paymaster-General  no  longer  a  member  thereof. 

March  19,  1862  {12-616). — The  Paymaster-General  to  apply  moneys  appropriated 
by  any  State  for  the  payment  of  its  volunteers,  for  the  payments  designated  by  the 
legislative  act  making  the  appropriation,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  appropriated  by 
Congress. 

March  3,  1863  {12-825). — The  Paymaster-General  was  directed  to  take  immediate 
measures  for  the  prompt  payment  ( within  sixty  days  from  the  passage  of  the  resolu- 
tion) of  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  in  convalescent  camps,  hospitals,  and  else- 
where. 

Act  of  June  20,  1864.  (13  Stats.,  1U). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  pay  of  soldiers  in  the  United  States  Army,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  „  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  pay  of 
clerks  of  paymasters  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  be  twelve 
hundred  dollars  per  annum  without  rations. 


Act  of  June  25,  1861,.  (13  Stats.,  181). 
AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army. 

That  every  .  .  .  paymaster  and  additional  paymaster  shall,  as 
soon  as  practicable,  be  ordered  to  appear  for  examination  as  to  his 
qualifications  before  a  board  to  be  composed  of  three  staff  officers  of 
the  corps  to  which  he  belongs,  of  recognized  merit  and  fitness,  of 
whom  two  at  least  shall  be  officers  of  volunteers,  which  board  shall 
make  a  careful  examination  as  to  the  qualifications  of  all  officers  who 
may  appear  before  them  in  pursuance  of  this  act,  and  shall  also  keep 
minutes  and  make  a  full  and  true  record  of  the  examination  in  each 
case.  And  all  members  of  such  boards  of  examination  shall,  before 
proceeding  to  the  discharge  of  their  duties  as  herein  provided,  swear 
or  affirm  that  they  will  conduct  all  examinations  with  impartiality,  and 
with  a  sole  view  to  the  qualifications  of  the  person  or  persons  to  be 
examined,  and  that  they  will  not  divulge  the  vote  of  any  member  upon 
the  examination  of  any  officer  who  may  appear  before  them. 

Sec.  2.  That  such  boards  of  examination  shall  be  convened  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  by  the     .     .     .     Paymaster- 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  471 

General,  at  convenient  places;  and  general  rules  of  examination  and  a 
standard  of  qualifications  shall  be  prescribed  by  said  officers,  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be  published  in  gen- 
eral orders. 

Sec.  3.  That  after  such  general  orders  shall  have  been  published 
for  sixty  days,  if  any  officer  who  shall  then  be  ordered  before  a  board 
of  examiners,  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  fail  for  thirty 
days,  after  receiving  such  special  order,  to  report  himself  as  directed, 
all  his  pay  and  allowances  shall  cease  and  be  forfeited  until  he  does 
appear  and  report  for  examination;  and  if  he  shall  still  thereafter  fail 
for  a  further  period  of  thirty  days  so  to  appear,  he  shall  thereupon  be 
dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the  Army:  Provided,  however.  That  if  such 
failure  to  appear  and  report  shall  have  been  occasioned  by  wounds  or 
sickness,  or  other  physical  disability,  then  there  shall  be  no  forfeiture 
of  pay  until  thirty  days  after  such  disability  has  been  removed;  but  if 
in  sixty  days  after  the  disability  is  removed  the  officer  shall  not  report 
himself,  he  shall  then  be  dropped  from  the  rolls  as  in  other  cases. 

Sec.  4.  That  if  the  board  of  examination  shall  report  that  any  officer 
does  not  possess  the  requisite  business  qualifications  they  shall  forward 
the  record  of  the  examination  of  such  officer  to  the  head  of  the  bureau 
to  which  he  may  belong,  and  if  the  head  of  such  bureau  shall  approve 
the  finding  and  report  of  the  board  he  shall  forward  the  same  through 
the  Secretary  of  War  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  if  the 
President  shall  confirm  the  same  the  officer  so  failing  in  his  examina- 
tion shall,  if  commissioned,  be  dismissed  from  the  service  with  one 
month's  pay,  and  if  not  yet  commissioned  his  appointment  shall  be 
revoked.  And  if  the  board  shall  report  that  any  officer  fails  to  pass  a 
satisfactory  examination  by  reason  of  intemperance,  gambling,  or  other 
immorality,  and  if  the  head  of  the  bureau  snail  approve  the  finding  and 
report  of  the  board,  and  the  same  being  communicated,  as  before  pro- 
vided, to  the  President  and  confirmed  by  him,  then  such  officer  shall 
be  dismissed  from  the  service  without  pay  and  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  reenter  the  service  as  an  officer:  Provided^  That  such  dismissal  shall 
not  relieve  him  from  liability  under  existing  laws  for  any  offense  he 
may  have  committed. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  boards  of  examination  shall  forward  all  their  rec- 
ords of  examination  to  the  heads  of  the  bureaus  to  which  they  apper- 
tain, and  such  records  shall  be  filed  in  the  proper  bureaus  with  a  suit- 
able index,  and  any  officer  who  may  desire  it  shall  be  entitled  to  receive 
a  copy  of  the  record  in  his  own  case  upon  paying  the  cost  of  copying 
the  same. 

March  3,  1865  (13-495). — Amount  due  for  rations  sold  to  officers  in  the  field  to  be 
reported  monthly  to  the  Paymaster-General,  to  be  deducted  from  payment  next 
following  such  purchases;  settelment  for  tobacco  sold  to  enlisted  men  to  be  deducted 
from  their  pay  in  same  manner  as  provided  for  the  settlement  of  clothing  accounts. 

Act  of  July  28,  1866 l  (U  State.,  310). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen   hundred  and  sixty-seven,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  15.  That  in  the  payment  of  the  additional  bounty  herein  pro- 


1  Section  12  grants  $100  Ixmnty  to  nun  enlisted  after  April  19,  1861,  who  served 
faithfully  for  three  years,  and  section  1!{  850  bounty  to  men  enlisted  after  April  14, 
1861,  who  served  two  years  or  were  discharged  for  wounds  received  in  line  of  duty, 
and  to  widows,  etc.,  of  such  as  died  in  the  service. 


472       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENEJRAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    AEMY. 

vided  for  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Paymaster-General,  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  bj^  the  Secretary  of  War, 
to  cause  to  be  examined  the  accounts  of  each  and  every  soldier  who 
makes  application  therefor,  and  if  found  entitled  thereto  shall  pay 
said  bounties. 


Act  of  July  28,  1866  {11,  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  18.  That  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter  con- 
sist of  one  Paymaster-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
a  brigadier-general;  two  assistant  paymasters-general,  with  the  rank, 
pay,  and  emoluments  of  colonels  of  cavalry;  two  deputy  paymasters- 
general,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonels  of 
cavalry;  and  sixty  paymasters,  with  the  rank,  pa}r,  and  emoluments  of 
majors  of  cavalry,  to  be  selected  from  persons  who  have  served  as 
additional  pa}rmasters. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  Paymaster-General  .  .  .  shall  here- 
after be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong, 
and  no  person  shall  be  appointed  to  any  vacancy  created  by  this  act  in 
the  Pay  .  .  .  departments  until  he  shall  have  passed  the  exami- 
nation now  required  by  law. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  25.  That  [the  cost  of  articles  purchased  from  the  Subsistence 
Department  by  officers  and  men]  if  not  paid  for  when  purchased, 
.  .  .  the  amount  due  the  Government  shall  be  deducted  by  the 
paymaster  at  the  payment  next  following  such  purchase:  Provided, 
That  this  section  shall  not  go  into  effect  until  the  first  day  of  July, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty -seven. 


Act  of  March  2,  1867  {11,  Stats.,  1,85). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  7.  That  the  Paymaster-General  be  authorized  to  pay,  under  such 
regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  prescribe,  in  addition  to  the 
amount  received  by  them,  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  such  California 
and  Nevada  volunteers  as  were  discharged  in  New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
and  Utah,  and  at  points  distant  from  the  place  or  places  of  enlistment, 
such  proportionate  sum  according  to  the  distance  travelled  as  have 
been  paid  to  the  troops  of  other  States  similarly  situated.     .     .     . 

March  2,  1867  {14-371). — Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
Government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons. 
This  not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of 
debts  incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  473 

Act  of  March  16,  1868  (15  Stats.,  1$). 

AN  ACT  to  facilitate  the  settlement  of  paymasters'  accounts. 

That  the  proper  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  they 
are  hereby,  authorized,  in  the  settlement  of  accounts  of  paymasters  of 
the  Arm}',  to  allow  such  credits  for  overpayments  made  in  good  faith 
on  public  account  since  the  commencement  of  the  rebellion,  and  prior 
to  the  passage  of  this  act,  as  shall  appear  to  them  to  be  just,  by  such 
vouchers  and  testimony  as  they  shall  require. 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 

ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  -x-  * 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions    .    .     .    in  the  Pay  Department   .    .    . 

March  3,  1869  {15-334). — All  bounty  claims  remaining  in  the  office  of  the  Pay- 
master-General on  May  1,  1869,  to  be  transferred  to  the  Second  Auditor  for  settle- 
ment. 

May  15,  1872  (17-117). — Paymasters  to  issue  deposit  books  to  enlisted  men  deposit- 
ing their  savings  with  them  in  sums  not  less  than  five  dollars;  four  per  cent  interest 
allowed  on  sums  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  on  deposit  for  six  months  or  more;  system 
of  deposits  to  be  regulated  by  the  Secretary  of  War;  amount  of  deposits  and  cloth- 
ing balances  payable;  on  discharge,  out  of  the  appropriations  for  "pay  of  the  Army" 
for  the  then  current  fiscal  year. 

Act  of  June  1>,  1872  (17  Stats.,  219). 
AX  ACT  to  enable  the  President  to  appoint  a  Paymaster-General  of  the  Army. 

That  the  sixth  section  of  the  act  of  third  March,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-nine,  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army,  is 
so  far  modified  that  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  a 
Piivmaster-General,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel, 
said  appointment  to  date  from  the  time  the  appointee  assumed  the 
duties  of  the  office,  to  fill  the  vacancy  now  existing. 

Act  of  March  2,  1875  (18  Stats.,  338). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  number  of  paymasters  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  number  of  paymasters  is  hereby  established  at  fifty,  instead 
of  sixty,  as  was  designated  in  the  eighteenth  section  of  the  act  of  July 
twenty-eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six;  said  paymasters  to 
have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  majors  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  2.  That  so  much  of  said  eighteenth  section  as  relates  to  the 
persons  from  whom  said  paymasters  shall  be  elected  be,  and  is  hereby, 
repealed. 

Resolution  of  March  3,  1875  (18  Stats.,  521i). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  explanatory  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  fixing  the  number  of 

Eaymasters  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,"  approved  March  second,  eighteen 
undred  and  seventy-five. 

That  the  intent  and  meaning  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  fixing  the 
number  of  paymasters  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,"  approved 


474       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

March  two,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  was  to  authorize  the 
appointment  of  such  additional  number  of  paymasters  with  the  rank 
of  major  as  will  mak°  the  total  number  of  paymasters  with  the  rank  of 
major  fifty,  and  no  more.  And  so  much  of  section  eleven  hundred  and 
ninety-four  of  the  Revised  Statutes  as  applies  to  the  paymasters  of  the 
rank  of  major  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Act  of  July  22,  1876  (19  Stats.,  95). 

AN  ACT  establishing  the  rank  of  the  Paymaster-General. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  rank  of  the  Paymas- 
ter-General of  the  United  States  Army  shall  be  brigadier-general;  but 
no  pay  or  allowances  shall  be  made  to  said  officer  other  than  from  the 
date  of  appointment  under  this  act. 

July  24,  1876  (19-97). — Appropriations  under  head  "  Pay  Department "  to  be 
accounted  for  by  disbursing  officers  under  the  title  "Pay,  etc.,  of  the  Army,  1877," 
so  that  the  total  amount  shall  not  be  exceeded. 

March  3,  1877  (19-270),  repeals  section  1194,  Revised  Statutes,  now  applying  only  to 
grades  in  the  Pay  Department  above  rank  of  major. 

December  15,  1877  (20-7). — All  papers  in  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  etc., 
relating  to  payment  of  bounties,  etc.,  to  be  turned  over  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2ND  EDITION— 1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

A  Pay  Department. 

*  «  * 

Sec.  1182.  The  Pay  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist  of  one 
Paymaster-General,  with  the  rank  of  colonel;  two  assistant  paymas- 
ters-general, with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  cavalry;  two  deputy  paymas- 
ters-general, with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry,  and  sixty 
paymasters,  with  the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1183.  Officers  of  the  Pay  Department  shall  not  be  entitled,  in 
virtue  of  their  rank,  to  command  in  the  line  or  in  other  staff  corps. 

Sec.  1184.  When  volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  officers  of  the  Paj'master's  Department  are 
not  deemed  b}r  the  President  sufficient  for  the  punctual  payment  of 
the  troops,  he  may  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  and  add  to  said  corps  as  many  paymasters,  to  be  called  addi- 
tional paymasters,  with  the  rank  of  major,  not  exceeding  one  for  every 
two  regiments  of  volunteers  or  militia,  as  he  may  deem  necessary. 

Sec.  1185.  Additional  paymasters  shall  be  retained  in  service  only 
so  long  as  they  may  be  required  for  the  payment  of  volunteers  and 
militia,  as  provided  herein. 

Sec.  1186.  The  Paymaster-General  shall  perform  the  duties  of  his 
office  under  the  direction  of  the  President. 

Sec.  1187.  The  deputy  paymasters-general  shall,  in  addition  to  pay- 
ing troops,  superintend  the  payment  of  armies  in  the  field. 

Sec.  1188.  The  paymasters  and  additional  paymasters  shall  pay  the 
regular  troops,  and  shall  pa}'  all  other  troops  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States  when  required  to  do  so  by  order  of  the  President. 

Sec.  1189.  The  Army  shall  be  paid  in  such  manner  that  the  arrears 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  475 

shall  at  no  time  exceed  two  months,  unless  circumstances  shall  render 
further  arrears  unavoidable. 

'  Sec.  1190.  Paymasters  and  additional  paymasters  shall  be  allowed 
a  capable  noncommissioned  officer  or  private  as  clerk.  When  suitable 
noncommissioned  officers  or  privates  can  not  be  procured  from  the  line 
of  the  Army,  they  are  authorized,  b}'  and  with  the  approbation  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  to  employ  citizens  as  clerks,  at  a  salary  of  twelve 
hundred  dollars  a  year. 

Sec.  1191.  All  officers  of  the  .  .  .  Pay  Department  .  .  . 
shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give 
good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the  United  States,  in  such  sums  as  the 
Secretary  of  War  may  direct,  faithfully  to  account  for  all  public 
moneys  and  property  which  the}'  may  receive.  The  President  may, 
at  any  time,  increase  the  sums  so  prescribed.     .     .     . 

Sec.  1192.  All  disbursing  officers  of  the  Pay  Department  shall  renew 
theii  bonds  or  furnish  additional  security  at  least  once  in  four  years, 
and  as  much  oftener  as  the  President  ma}T  direct. 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Paymaster-General  shall  be  appointed  by 
selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1191.  x  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  ...  in  the  Pay  .  .  . 
departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1299.  Paymasters  to  deduct  amount  due  by  officers*  for  rations  purchased  on 
credit  from  the  payment  made  next  after  such  purchase  shall  have  been  reported  to 
the  Paymaster-General. 

Sec.  1300.  Paymasters  to  deduct  amount  due  by  enlisted  men  for  articles  purchased 
on  credit  from  the  Subsistence  Department  from  the  payment  made  next  after  such 
purchase  shall  have  been  reported  to  the  Paymaster-General. 
*  -  *  * 

Sec.  1305.  Paymasters  to  issue  deposit  books  to  enlisted  men  who  may  deposit 
their  savings  with  them  in  sums  not  less  than  five  dollars. 

Sec.  1306.  Four  per  cent  interest  allowed  on  sums  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  on 
deposit  for  six  months  or  more. 

BBC.  1307.  System  of  deposits  to  be  regulated  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1308.  Amounts  of  deposits  and  clothing  balances  payable,  on  discharge,  out  of 
the  appropriations  for  "pay  of  the  Army"  for  the  current  fiscal  year. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  {%2  Statu.,  456). 

A  \  A  (  T  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for  other  purposes. 


PAY  DEPARTMENT. 

■For  pay  of  the  Army. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  vacancies  that 
may  hereafter  occur  in  the  Pay  Corps  of  the  Army  in  the  grades  of 
lieutenant-colonel  and  major,  by  reason  of  death,  resignation,  dismissal, 
or  retirement,  shall  not  be  filled  by  original  appointment  until  the  Pay 

'So  much  of  this  section  as  applies  to  paymasters  of  the  rank  of  major  was  repealed 
by  joint  resolution  of  March  :'»,  1S75.  The  act  of  March  3,  1877,  repeals  the  whole  of 
this  section  so  far  as  it  applies  to  the  Pay  Department. 


476       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Corps  shall  by  such  vacancies  be  reduced  to  forty  paymasters,  and  the 
number  of  the  Pay  Corps  shall  then  be  established  at  forty,  and  no 
more,     .     .     . 

Act  of  July  5,  1884  (23  Stats.,  J  07). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Pay  Department. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  hereafter  any  pay- 
master of  the  rank  of  major  who  has  served  twenty  years  in  the 
United  States  Army  as  a  commissioned  officer  may,  upon  his  own 
application  or  by  direction  of  the  President,  be  placed  upon  the  retired 
list  of  the  Army  until  the  Pay  Department  shall  be  reduced  to  thirty- 
five  members,  as  follows:  One  Paymaster-General,  with  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general;  two  assistant  paymasters-general,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel;  three  deputy  paymasters-general,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  twenty-nine  paymasters,  with  the  rank  of  major;  and  no 
more  appointments  of  paymasters  shall  be  made  in  the  Pay  Department 
until  the  number  shall  be  reduced  below  twenty-nine  majors,  and 
thereafter  the  number  of  officers  in  the  Pay  Department  shall  not 
exceed  thirty-five:  Provided  further,  That  nothing  herein  shall  be 
construed  to  change  +he  present  relative  rank  of  any  officer  now  in  the 
Pay-Corps.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

August  G ,  1894  {28-233). — Sums  known  as  detained  pay  shall,  when  repaid,  become 
a  charge  against  the  fund  "pay  of  the  Army"  for  the  year  in  which  enlisted  men 
have  been  or  may  be  discharged. 

Act  of  July  16,  18921  (27  Stats.,  174). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 

June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  -x- 

Pay  Department. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  no  appointments  shall 
be  made  to  the  grade  of  major  in  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army 
until  the  number  of  majors  in  that  department  is  reduced  below 
twenty -five,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  officers  of  that  grade  in  the 
Pay  Department  shall  be  fixed  at  twenty-five:  And  provided  further, 
That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  also  authorized  to  arrange  for  the  pay- 
ment of  the  enlisted  men  serving  at  posts  or  places  where  no  pay- 
master is  on  duty,  by  check  or  by  currency,  to  be  sent  to  them  by 
mail  or  express  at  the  expense  and  risk  of  the  United  States. 


Act  ofFehruary  27,  1893  (27  Stats.,  478). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 

June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-lour,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Pay  Department. —  .     .     .     Provided,  That  hereafter  no  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  to  the  grade  of  major  in  the  Pay  Department  of 

1  Number  of  paymaster  clerks  to  be  reduced  one  for  every  paymaster  reduced. 
Provision  repeated  by  act  of  February  27,  1§93. 


THE  PAY  DEPARTMENT.  477 

the  Army  until  the  number  of  majors  in  that  department  is  reduced 
below  twenty-five,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  officers  of  that  grade 
in  the  Pay  Department  shall  be  fixed  at  twentj^-five.     .     .     . 


Act  of  February  12,  1895  (28  Stats.,  654). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-six,  and  for  other  purposes 


FOR   PAY    OF   GENERAL   STAFF. 


Pay  Department. —  .  .  .  Provided,  That  there  shall  be  no 
appointment  of  major  in  the  Pay  Department  until  the  number  of 
officers  in  that  grade  shall  be  reduced  below  twenty,  and  thereafter 
the  number  of  such  officers  in  that  grade  shall  be  fixed  at  twenty. 


Act  of  May  4,  1898  (30  Stats.,  390). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  sup- 
port of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


PAY    DEPARTMENT. 

*  *  * 

All  the  money  hereinbefore  appropriated  under  '"Pay  Department," 
except  for  "mileage  to  officers,"  shall  be  disbursed  and  accounted  for 
by  the  Pay  Department  as  pay  of  the  Army,  and  for  that  purpose 
shall  constitute  one  fund. 


Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

A  N  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of    ...    a  Pay  Department,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  Pay  Department  .  .  .  shall  consist 
of  the  officers  .  .  .  now  provided  by  law:  .  .  .  And  provided 
also,  That  no  person  in  civil  life  shall  hereafter  be  appointed  a  .  .  . 
paymaster,  .  .  .  until  he  shall  have  passed  satisfactorily  such 
examination  as  to  his  moral,  mental,  and  physical  qualifications  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  President;  and  no  such  person  shall  be  appointed 
who  is  more  than  forty-four  years  of  age:  Provided fwrtKer.  That  in 
case  of  the  appointment  of  an  officer  who  has  served  in  a  similar  capac- 
ity during  the  war  with  Spain  and  has  demonstrated  his  moral,  mental, 
and  physical  qualifications  for  the  position,  then  such  examination  shall 
not  be  required. 


478       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereb}7  authorized  to  continue  in  serv- 
ice, or  to  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Thirtv  additional  paymasters,  with  the  rank  of  major. 

*  *  * 

May  26,  1900  {31 — ). — Allotments  of  pay  of  enlisted  men  to  pass  to  the  credit  of 
disbursing  officer,  when  paid  one  month  subsequent  to  the  month  in  which  such 
allotments  accrued,  if  he  has  used  due  diligence  in  obtaining  and  using  all  informa- 
tion that  may  have  been  received  at  the  War  Department  relative  to  the  grantors. 
Paymaster-General  to  collect  erroneous  payments  made  because  of  the  failure  of  the 
proper  officer  to  report  whatever  facts  rendered  allotment  made  unpayable. 

Act  of  February  °2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States     .     .     .     shall  consist  of    .     .     .a  Pay  Department.     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  19.  .  '.  .  Payments  to  the  Nurse  Corps  shall  be  made  by 
the  Pay  Department. 

«  *  * 

Sec.  21.  That  the  Pay  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Paymaster- 
General  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  three  assistant  paymasters- 
general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  four  deputy  paymasters-general  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  twenty  paymasters  with  the  rank  of 
major,  and  twenty -five  paymasters  with  the  rank  of  captain,  mounted: 
Provided,  That  all  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  colonel  and  lieutenant- 
colonel  created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall  be  filled  by  promotion 
according  to  seniority,  as  now  prescribed  bylaw,  and  no  more  appoint- 
ments to  the  grade  of  major  and  paymaster  shall  be  made  until  the 
number  of  majors  and  paymasters  is  reduced  below  twenty:  And  pro- 
vided, That  persons  who  have  served  in  the  Volunteer  Army  since 
April  twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  as  additional 
paymasters  may  be  appointed  to  positions  in  the  grade  of  captain, 
created  by  this  section.  So  long  as  there  remain  surplus  majors  an 
equal  number  of  vacancies  shall  be  held  in  the  grade  of  captain,  so 
that  the  total  number  of  paymasters  authorized  by  this  section  shall 
not  be  exceeded  at  any  time. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  perma- 
nent appointments  in  the  .  .  .  Pay  Department,  .  .  .  includ- 
ing those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  captain 
and  first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seven- 
teen, twenty-one,  and  twenty -four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted 
according  to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law, 
and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  appty  to  vacancies 
which  can  be  filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which  the 
officers  so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any 
vacancy,  except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall 
occur,  which  can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section, 
it  shall  be  filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more 


THE    PAY    DEPARTMENT.  479 

permanent  appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps 
after  the  original  vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled. 
Such  details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies  exist, 
under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  may  from  time  to 
time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line, 
and  officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be 
eligible  for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have 
served  two  years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act  shall  be  filled  b}^  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be.  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  atany  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


Act  of  March  2,  1901  {31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 

*  *  * 

/'/■onided,  That  appointments  to  fill  original  vacancies  ...  in 
the  grade  of  captain  in  the  .  .  .  Pay  Department  may  be  made 
from  officers  of  volunteers  commissioned  since  April  twenty-first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight.     .     .     . 


IX.-THE  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 


S.  Doc.  229 31  481 


THE  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 


The  earliest  records  relative  to  what  is  now  known  as  the  Corps  of 
Engineers  are  very  incomplete,  but  the  journals  of  the  Continental 
Congress  indicate  the  gradual  development  of  the  corps  under  the 

Eeculiar  conditions  then  existing.  Thus,  on  June  16,  1775,  the  day 
efore  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  one  chief  engineer  and  two  assist- 
ants were  authorized  for  the  '•'Grand  Army,*'  and  one  chief  engineer 
and  two  assistants  uin  a  separate  department." 

The  first  formal  establishment  of  a  Corps  of  Engineers  dates  from 
March  11,  1779.  The  corps  was  disbanded  in  November,  1783,  but 
partially  revived  May  i),  1791,  and  perfected  by  the  act  of  March  16, 
1802.  In  the  earlier  period  of  its  organization  the  duties  now  per- 
taining to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  were  divided  between  two  different 
branches,  but  although,  as  early  as  July  25, 1777,  a  ' '  geographer  and  sur- 
veyor of  the  roads"  was  authorized,  the  special  functions  of  topograph- 
ical enginers  were  not  specifically  provided  for  until  the  act  of  March 
3, 1813,  authorizing  eight  topographical  engineers  and  eight  assistants. 
In  August,  1818,  a  separate  Topographical  Bureau  was  established  in 
the  War  Department,  under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  War  and  the  Chief  Engineer.  June  21,  1831,  the  Topographical 
Bureau  was  constituted  by  the  Secretary  of  War  a  distinct  bureau  of 
the  War  Department;  and  by  the  act  of  July  5,  1838,  an  independent 
corps  of  topographical  engineers  was  created.  It  was  abolished  by 
the  act  of  March  3,  1863,  and  merged  into  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

June—,  1775. — Col.  Richard  Gridley  (Massachusetts). 

Aug.    5,  1776. — Col.  Rufus  Putnam  (Massachusetts). 

July  22,  1777.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  Nov.  17,  1777;  Maj.  Gen.,  Nov.  16,  1781)  Louis  du 

Portail  (France). 
Feb.  26,  1795. — Lieut.  Col.  Stephen  Rochefontaine  (France),  commanding  corps  of 

artillerists  and  engineers. 
May     7,  1798. — Lieut.  Col.  Henry  Burbeck  (Massachusetts),  commanding  corps  of 

artillerists  and  engineers. 
July    8,  1802.— Lieut.  Col.  (Col.,  Feb.  23,  1808)  Jonathan  Williams  (Pennsylvania). 
July  31,  1812.— Col.  Joseph  G.  Swift  (Massachusetts). 
Nov.  12,  1818.— Col.  Walker  K.  Armistead  (Virginia). 
Jane    1,  1821. — Col.  Alexander  Macomb  (New  York). 
Mav  24,  1828.—  Col.  Charles  Gratiot  (Missouri  Territory). 
Dec.     7,  1838.— Col.  Joseph  G.  Totten  (Connecticut). 
Apr.  22,  1864.— Brig.  Gen.  Richard  Delafield  (New  York). 
Aug.    8,  1866. — Brig.  (Jen.  Andrew  A.  Humphreys  (Pennsylvania). 
June  30,  1879. — Brig.  (Jen.  Horatio*;.  Wright  (Connecticut). 
Mar.    6,  1884. — Brig.  (Jen.  John  Newton  (Virginia). 
Oct.    11,  1886.— Brig.  Gen.  James  C.  Duane  (New  York). 
July     6,  1888. — Brig.  <  Jen.  Thomas  I,.  Casey  (Rhode  Island). 
May  10,  1895.— Brig.  Gen.  William  P.  Craighill  (Virginia). 
Feb.     1,  1897.— Brig.  Gen.  John  M.  Wilson  (Washington  Territory). 

483 


484       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

1777-1783. 
Geographer. 

July  25,  1777. — Mr.  Robert  Erskine. 
Dec.  4,  1780.— Mr.  Simeon  De  Witt. 
May    4,  1781. — Mr.  Thomas  Hutchins,  for  the  southern  army. 

1813-1838. 

Topographical  Engineers. 

Apr.  12,  1813. — Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  John  Anderson1  (Vermont). 
Sept.  14,  1834.— Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.  John  J.  Abert  (Virginia). 

1838-1863. 

Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers. 

July    7,  1838.— Col.  John  J.  Abert  (Virginia). 

Sept.    9,  1861. — Col.  Stephen  H.  Long  (New  Hampshire). 

1  While  Colonel  Anderson  was  the  senior  topographical  engineer  until  his  death  in 
1834,  the  Army  Register  for  1829  gives  Maj.  Isaac  Roberdeau,  T.  E.,  as  in  charge 
of  the  Topographical  Bureau.  At  his  death,  January  15,  1829,  Major  Roberdeau 
was  succeeded  in  that  charge  by  Colonel  Abert. 


THE  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  there  be  one  Chief  Engineer  at  the  Grand 
Army,  and  that  his  pay  be  sixty  dollars  per  month. 

That  two  assistants  be  employed  under  him,  and  that  the  pay  of  each 
of  them  be  twenty  dollars  per  month. 

That  there  be  one  Chief  Engineer  for  the  Army,  in  a  separate 
department,  and  two  assistants  under  him;  that  the  pay  of  the  Chief 
Engineer  be  sixty  dollars  per  month,  and  the  pay  of  the  assistants 
each  twenty  dollars  per  month. 

October  3,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  repair  to  the  camp  do 
confer  with  Mr.  Rittenhouse  and  enquire  of  him  whether  he  appre- 
hends he  can  be  of  service  to  the  continent  as  an  engineer,  and  if  he 
can,  to  engage  him,  and  desire  he  would,  with  all  convenient  speed, 
repair  to  the  camp. 

January  16,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  if  General  Washington  think  proper,  Colo- 
nel R.  Gridley  be  continued  chief  engineer  in  the  army  at  Cambridge. 

That  the  pay  of  the  assistant  engineers  in  the  army  at  Cambridge 
be  26  dollars  and  two-thirds  per  month. 

March  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  two  engineers  be  employed  for  the  Southern  Depart- 
ment. 

March  30,  1776. 

The  committee  proceeded  to  the  election  of  two  engineers  for  the 
Southern  Department;  and  jthe  ballots  being  taken, 
John  Stadler  and  Monsieur  Massenback  were  elected. 

April  26,  1776. 

AV.W/7'//,  Thai  Mr.  Baldwin,  the  assistant  engineer,  ordered  to 
Canada,  be  allowed,  in  consideration  of  his  merit,  the  pay  and  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel  on  the  Continental  establishment. 

485 


486       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

April  29,  1776. 

Major  Wrixon  declined  commission  of  Chief  Engineer. 

May  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  engineers  be  raised 
to  30  dollars  a  month,  and  that  they  be  allowed  rations  for  themselves 
and  forage  for  their  horses  when  in  camp  or  necessarily  absent  on 
Continental  duty. 

June  26,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  Antoine  Felix  Weibert,  who  applies  to  be 
employed  as  an  engineer  in  the  Continental  Army,  be  recommended  to 
General  Washington  as  a  person  who  appears  to  be -qualified  to  act  in 
that  capacity;  but  as  he  asks  no  more  at  present  than  to  be  placed  in 
a  situation  in  which  he  may  be  enabled  to  evidence  his  ability,  that 
the  General  be  desired  to  employ  him  in  such  a  way  as  he  shall  judge 
will  best  conduce  to  the  good  of  the  service  and  answer  Mons.  Wei- 
bert's  request. 

July  16,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Monsieur  Kermo van  be  appointed  an  engineer  in  the 
Continental  service,  with  the  pay  of  60  dollars  a  month  and  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel. 

July  23,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Monsieur  St.  Martin  be  appointed  an  engi- 
neer, with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  that  he  be  directed  to 
repair  to  New  York  and  put  himself  under  the  command  of  General 
Washington. 

July  29,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Mons.  Christopher  Pelliser,  who  has  suf- 
fered considerably  by  warmly  espousing  and  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  cause  .of  America,  in  Canada,  be  appointed  an  engineer  in  the  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States,  with  the  pay  of  60  dollars  a  month  and  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel. 

August  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Lieutenant-Colonel  Rufus  Putnam  be  ap- 
pointed an  engineer,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  and  pay  of  60  dollars  a 
month. 

August  12,  1776. — "The  Congress  have  likewise  been  pleased  to  appoint  Rufus 
Putnam,  esqr.,  an  engineer,  and  have  given  him  the  rank  of  colonel  of  the  Army." 
( Orders,  General  Headcjuarters,  New  York. ) 

August  U,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Monsieur  Weibert,  now  serving  in  the  Continental 
Army  at  New  York  as  an  engineer,  be  appointed  assistant  engineer, 
with  the  rank  and  pay  of  lieutenant-colonel. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  487 

September  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Jeduthan  Baldwin,  esq.,  be  appointed  an  engineer 
in  the  Continental  Army,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  and  pay  of  60  dol- 
lars a  month. 

-       September  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Monsieur  Jean  Louis  Imbret,  a  gentleman 
well  recommended  as  an  engineer,  be  sent  to  General  Washington  to 
be  employed  in  that  capacity  in  order  to  show  his  abilities,  and  that 
one  month's  pay  as  a  captain  be  advanced  for  his  expenses. 

October  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Thaddeus  Kosciuszko  be  appointed  an  engineer  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  with  the  pay  of  sixty  dollars  a  month 
and  the  rank  of  colonel. 

April  12,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Count  de  Vrecourt  be  appointed  an  engineer  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  with  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  colonel. 

May  U,  1777. 

Resolved  .  .  .  The  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commander  in 
any  separate  department  shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities 
of  forage,  and  for  and  during  such  times  as  they  shall  think  proper, 
to  the  .  .  .  chief  engineer  and  his  assistants;  .  .  .  Provided, 
alwaj^s,  that  if  any  of  the  officers  above  mentioned,  their  deputies  or 
assistants,  should  be  allowed  forage  in  consequence  of  any  general  order 
hereafter  given,  and  should  nevertheless  not  keep  any  or  so  many 
horses  as  they  would  be  permitted  to  draw  forage  for,  in  such  case  no 
forage  shall  be  issued  for  more  horses  than  they  really  have,  nor  .shall 
they  at  any  time  thereafter  be  allowed  any  forage  as  back  allowance 
or  any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

May  2'2,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Louis  Floury,  engaged  by  our  commissioners  in  France, 
be  sent  as  a  captain  of  engineers  to  General  Washington.     .     .     . 

July  8,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  treaty  made  by  the  commissioners  in  France  on 
the  13th  day  of  February  hist  he  coniirmed  as  fur  as  it  respects  the 
Chevalier  du  Portail,  Mons.  de  la  Radiere,  and  Mons.  de  Gouvion;  the 
first  to  be  a  colonel,  the  second  a  lieutenant-colonel,  and  the  third 
major  of  engineers. 

July  n,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Chevalier  du  Portail,  colonel  of  engineers,  take 
lank  and  eommand  of  all  engineers  heretofore  appointed. 


488       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

July  25,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to 
appoint  Mr.  Robert  Erskine,  or  any  other  person  that  he  ma}^  think 
proper,  geographer  and  surveyor  of  the  roads,  to  take  sketches  of  the 
country,  the  seat  of  war,  and  to  have  the  procuring,  governing,  and 
paying  the  guides  employed  under  him;  the  General  to  fix  the  pa}T  of 
the  said  geographer,  etc. ,  and  the  allowance  that  shall  be  made  to  the 
guides. 

September  17,  1777. — Mr.  Charles  Tronson  du  Coudray,  having  been  drowned  in 
attempting  to  cross  the  Schuylkill,  Congress  ordered  his  interment  at  the  expense  of 
the  United  States.  On  August  11a  committee  of  four — Messrs.  Wilson,  Duane,  Hey- 
ward,  and  S.  Adams — had  been  appointed  to  define  the  powers  to  be  granted  him,  but 
his  death  stopped  further  action,  and  there  is  no  record  that  the  committee  ever 
made  a  report. 

October  2,  1777. — The  treaty  made  by  Benjamin  Franklin  and  Silas  Deane  at  Paris, 
February  17,  1777,  was  ratified  so  far  as  relating  to  Mons.  de  Laumoy. 

JVovember  17,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Chevalier  du  Portail  be  appointed  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general,  Mons.  de  Laumoy  and  Mons.  de  la  Radiere  to  that 
of  colonel,  and  Mons.  Gouvion  to  that  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army 
of  the  United  States,  the  said  gentlemen  to  be  employed,  as  heretofore, 
in  the  capacity  of  engineers. 

November  26,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Monsieur  Fleury,  in  consideration  of  the  disinter- 
ested gallantry  which  he  has  manifested  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army. 

January  1,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Chevalier  De  Villefranche  be  appointed  major  in 
the  Corps  of  Engineers,  under  the  command  of  the  Brigadier  Du  Portail. 

February  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  ...  in  the  grand  army,  with  the  Chief 
Engineer,  .  .  .  shall  be  a  subordinate  board  of  ordnance,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  the  board  of  war  and  ord- 
nance, for  transacting  {ill  business  of  the  Ordnance  Department  neces- 
sary to  be  done  in  the  field,  and  to  have  the  care  of  all  ordnance  and 
stores  at  camp.     .... 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  Captain  Ferdinand  De  Brahm,  who  has  heretofore 
acted  as  an  engineer  in  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  be  appointed  an 
engineer  in  the  Continental  establishment,  with  the  rank  of  major  in 
the  armies  of  the  United  States. 

April  16,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  commission  of  captain  be  granted  to  Mr.  Capitaine 
in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, and  that  he  rank  from  the  1st  of  December,  1776. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  489 

May  27,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  Engineering  Department  three  companies  be 
established,  each  to  consist  of — 

1  captain 50    dollars  pay  per  month. 

3  lieutenants,  each 33£  do.  do. 

4  sergeants,  each 10  do  do. 

4  corporals,  each • 9  do  do. 

60  privates,  each 8J  do.  do. 

These  companies  to  be  instructed  in  the  fabrication  of  fieldworks 
as  far  as  relates  to  the  manual  and  mechanical  part.  Their  business 
shall  be  to  instruct  the  fatigue  parties  to  do  their  duty  with  celerity 
and  exactness,  to  repair  injuries  done  to  the  works  by  the  enemy's 
fire,  and  to  prosecute  works  in  the  face  of  it;  the  commissioned  offi- 
cers to  be  skilled  in  the  necessary  branches  of  mathematics,  the  non- 
commissioned officers  to  write  a  good  hand. 

June  9,  1778. — "Three  captains  and  nine  lieutenants  are  wanted  to  officer  the  com- 
pany of  sappers.  As  the  corps  will  be  a  school  of  engineering,  it  opens  a  prospect  to 
such  gentlemen  as  enter  it,  and  will  pursue  the  necessary  studies  with  diligence,  of 
becoming  engineers  and  rising  to  the  important  employments  attached  to  that  pro- 
fession, such  as  the  direction  of  fortified  places,  etc.  The  qualifications  required  of 
the  candidates  are  that  they  be  natives,  and  have  a  knowledge  of  the  mathematics 
and  drawing,  or,  at  least,  be  disposed  to  apply  themselves  to  those  studies.  They 
will  give  in  their  names  at  headquarters."  (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Valley 
Forge. ) 

June  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  du  Cambray  be  annexed  to  the  Corps  of 
Engineers,  commanded  by  Brigadier  Du  Portail,  with  the  rank  and 
pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel. 

September  18,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  Bechet  de  Roche  Fontaine  be  appointed  a 
captain  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  and  that  his  commission  be  dated 
the  15th  day  of  May  last. 

January  1,  1779.1 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier  Du  Portail  and  Messrs.  de  La  Radiere,  de 
Laumoy,  and  de  Gouvion  be  retained  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
as  engineers  for  another  campaign,  if  agreeable  to  their  inclination 
and  permission  can  be  obtained  from  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  or 
his  minister  plenipotentiary. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  confer  with  Mons. 
Gerard  on  the  subject,  and  in  case  Brigadier  Du  Portail  and  the  other 
engineers  shall  conclude  to  remain  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
that  the  board  report  to  Congress  a  proper  arrangement  and  appoint- 
ment for  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

1  General  Washington  had  expressed  his  opinion  of  the  merit  and  abilities  of  Brig- 
adier-General Du  Portail,  as  being  well  acquainted  with  the  branch  he  professes,  and 
a  gentleman  of  real  knowledge  in  military  science  in  general;  had  also  a  very  favor- 
able opinion  of  Messrs.  de  La  Radiere,  de  Laumoy,  and  de  Gouvion,  who  had  served 
with  reputation  as  engineers  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States;  and  had  represented 
that,  in  his  judgment,  they  would  be  necessarvand  useful  in  future  operations.  The 
Board  of  War  was  directed  to  confer  with  the  French  minister  and,  in  case  these 
officers  concluded  to  remain  in  the  service,  to  report  to  Congress  a  proper  arrange- 
ment and  appointment  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 


490       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

January  13,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  John  Barnard  de  Murnand  be  appointed  a 
major  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  to  take  rank  as  such  from  the  1st  day 
of  March  last  and  to  receive  pay  and  subsistence  from  the  It  day  of 
February  last,  the  latter  being  the  time  he  was  employed  by  Brigadier 
Du  Portail  and  the  former  the  time  he  was  directed  by  the  Commander 
in  Chief  to  act  as  major. 

March  9,  1779. — "Captain  Jeremiah  Brewen  is  to  superintend  the  artificers  during 
the  absence  of  Col.  Baldwin."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle- Brook.) 

March  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  engineers  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  formed  into  a  corps  and  st}-led  the  "Corps  of  Engineers,"  and  shall 
take  rank  and  enjoy  the  same  rights,  honors,  and  privileges  with  the 
other  troops  on  the  Continental  establishment. 

That  a  commandant  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  be  appointed  by 
Congress,  to  whom  their  orders,  or  those  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
shall  be  addressed,  and  such  commandant  shall  render  to  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  to  the  Board  of  AVar  an  account  of  every  matter 
relative  to  his  department. 

That  the  engineers  shall  have  rank  in  their  own  corps  according  to 
the  date  of  their  respective  commissions. 

That  every  year  previous  to  the  opening  of  the  campaign  the  com- 
mandant of  the  corps  shall  propose  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  to 
the  Board  of  War  such  a  disposition  of  the  engineers  as  he  shall  judge 
most  advantageous,  according  to  the  knowledge  which  he  is  supposed 
to  have  of  their  talents  and  capacity. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  and  directed  to  form 
such  regulations  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  companies  of  sappers 
and  miners  as  they  judge  most  conducive  to  the  public  service,  and 
that  the  Board  report  such  allowances  as  they  judge  adequate  and 
reasonable  to  be  made  to  the  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  for 
travelling  charges  and  when  on  command  at  a  distance  from  camp  or 
in  places  where  they  can  not  draw  rations. 

March  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army  be 
put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to 
arrests,  trials,  and  punishments. 

Ajn-il  3,  1779. 

The  Board  of  War  report  that  the  committee  appointed  at  Yorktown 
to  confer  with  Baron  Steuben,  having  promised  to  report  that  Mons. 
L'Enfant  should  have  the  commission  of  captain  of  engineers,  and  no 
report  having  been  made  on  that  subject,  the  Board  are  of  the  opinion: 

That  Mons.  L'Enfant  be  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Corps  or  Engi- 
neers in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  to  have  rank  from  the  18th 
day  of  February,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  agree  to  the  said  report. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  491 

May  11,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  and  subsistence  of  the  engineers  and  of  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  companies  of  sappers  and  miners  shall  be 
the  same  with  those  of  officers  of  the  like  ranks  and  of  the  men  in  the 
artillery  of  these  States. 

That  Brigadier-General  Du  Portail  be  appointed  commandant  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  and  companies  of  sappers  and  miners. 


August  31,  1779. — "Lieutenant  Cleveland  is  appointed  captain-lieutenant  in  the 
corps  of  sappers  and  miners,  vice  Little,  resigned."  (Orders,  General  Head- 
quarters, Moore's  house.) 

December  24,  1779. — "The  honorable  the  Board  of  War  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen,  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers 
of  the  .  .  .  staff,  who  are  not  adopted  by  any  State:  the  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  them  upon  returns  signed  by  the  .  .  .  heads  of  the  following  corps  and 
departments  at  the  rates  directed  by  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  November 
last.  .  .  .  Corps  of  Engineers,  including  sappers  and  miners;  .  .  .  military 
surveyors."      (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown.) 

January  IS,  1780. 

Whereas  Brigadier-General  Du  Portail  and  Colonel  Laumoy  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  de  Gouvion  have  continued  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  pursuant  to  a  resolution  of  Congress  of  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary, 1779,  and  under  a  permission  from  the  minister  plenipotentiary 
of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  and  have  obtained  from  the  Commander 
in  Chief  ample  testimonials  of  honorable  and  useful  services  rendered 
during  the  last  campaign: 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier-General  Du  Portail  and  Messieurs  Laumoy 
and  Gouvion  be  retained  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  (if  per- 
mission can  be  obtained  for  that  purpose  from  His  Most  Christian  Maj- 
esty or  his  minister  plenipotentiary)  so  long,  during  the  present  war, 
as  shall  be  consistent  with  their  inclinations  and  duty  as  officers  to 
their  King. 

February  7,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  officers  attached  to  the  companies  of  sappers  and 
miners  be  commissioned,  and  rank  as  follows: 

Mr.  Nevin,  captain,  April  25th,  1779;  Mr.  Bebee,  Mr.  Murray,  Mr. 
Du  Veil,  captains;  Mr.  Gilliland,  Mr.  Bushnell,  Mr.  Cleveland,  cap- 
tain-lieutenants, August  2,  1779;  Mr.  Welsh,  lieutenant. 

March  £  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Nevin  be  appointed  a  captain  of  engineers,  to 
rank  from  the  25th  of  April,  1779. 

March  29, 1780. — General  Du  Portail  was  ordered  to  the  southern  department,  and 
put  himself  umler  (leneral  Lincoln  or  the  commanding  officer  of  that  department. 

July  IS,  1780. — General  Pit  Portail  being  a  prisoner  of  war  on  parole  and  his  serv- 
ices being  deemed  essential  for  the  successof  the  operations  of  the  ensuing  campaign, 
Congress  requested  General  Washington  to  endeavor  to  obtain  his  exchange. 


492       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  .  .  .  there  be  issued  ...  as  many  rations 
as  the  service  shall  require. 

.     .     .     captain  of  engineers,  one;     .     .     . 

July  22,  1780. — "As  in  the  course  of  the  campaign  a  good  corps  of  sappers  and 
miners  will  be  extremely  useful  and  absolutely  necessary,  the  General  directs  that 
one  man  be  drawn  from  each  regiment  for  this  purpose;  an  able-bodied  re  \n,  intelli- 
gent, sober,  and  engaged  for  the  war."     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Praconess. ) 

August  2,  1780. — "Lt.  Welch,  of  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners,  is  appointed 
quartermaster  to  the  same." 

"The  men  in  thecorpsof  sappers  and  miners  are  to  be  furnished  with  good  French 
arms  and  accoutrements  from  the  regiments,  respectively,  from  which  they  were 
drafted." 

(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  PeekskUl.) 

August  3,  1780. — "Lt.  Col.  Gouvion  will  take  the  command  of  the  corps  of  sappers 
and  miners."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  PeekskUl.) 

November  3,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Colonel  Jeduthan  Baldwin  continue  to  receive  the 
pay  of  colonel  of  engineers,  as  heretofore. 

November  U,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  directed  to  lay 
before  Congress  a  return  of  the  officers  of  the  Engineering  Department, 
including  those  of  the  companies  of  sappers  and  miners,  and  distin- 
guish such  as,  in  his  judgment,  it  will  be  necessary  to  retain  in  service, 
in  order  that  the  officers  of  that  department  who  shall  be  retained  in 
service  may  be  put  on  an  equal  establishment  with  the  officers  of  the 
line,  and  that  provision  may  be  made  for  such  as  shall  be  reduced. 

December  4,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Simeon  De  Witt  be  appointed  geographer  to  the 
Army,  in  the  room  of  Robert  Erskine,  deceased. 

February  26,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  State  of  Massachusetts  to 
make  up  to  Richard  Gridley  the  depreciation  of  his  pay  as  engineer 
at  60  dollars  per  month  from  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  1st 
day  of  January,  1781,  in  like  manner  with  other  officers  in  the  Conti- 
nental service,  and  charge  the  same  to  the  United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  said  first  day  of  January,  1781,  Colonel 
Gridley  be  considered  as  a  retiring  officer.     .     .     . 

April  21,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  remove  from  office  or  employment,  for  incapacity,  neg- 
ligence, dishonesty,  or  other  misbehavior,  such  persons  not  immediately 
appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  as  are  or  may 
be  officially  entrusted  with  and  immediately  employed  in  the  expend- 
iture of  the  public  supplies,  stores,  and  other  property;     .     .     .     and 


THE    COKPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  493 

such  of  the  said  persons  as  are  or  may  be  in  his  judgment  unnecessary, 
reporting  to  .such  authority,  board,  minister,  or  office  to  whom  it  may 
belong  to  supply  the  vacancy  the  respective  names  of  the  persons  so 
removed. 

That  he  be  authorized  to  suspend  from  office  or  employment  for 
similar  causes  persons  officially  employed  and  entrusted  as  aforesaid 
immediately  appointed  b}^  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
reporting  forthwith  their  names  and  the  reason  of  suspension: 

Provided  that  in  all  cases  where  any  of  the  persons  aforesaid  are  or 
may  be  amenable  to  the  law  martial  the  superintendent  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  and  directed,  if  ho  shall  deem  it  most  expedient  for 
the  public  service,  to  put  them  in  arrest  by  order  in  writing,  and  to 
apply  to  the  officer  whose  duty  it  may  be  to  order  a  court-martial; 
and  such  officer  is  hereby  directed  to  order  proceedings  on  the  arrest 
accordingly; 

That  in  every  case  of  suspension  all  pay  and  emolument  cease  from 
the  date  thereof,  unless  the  persons  suspended  be,  upon  trial,  acquitted 
and  restored;  and  the  superintendent  shall  have  power  to  supply  the 
place,  when  it  may  be  necessary,  by  a  temporary  appointment,  to  con- 
tinue until  the  person  suspended  be  restored  or  dismissed; 

That  the  aforesaid  powers  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  with 
the  rank,  commission,  or  military  duty  of  any  officer  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  or  those  who  may  be  duly  entrusted  with  money  for  secret  serv- 
ice by  Congress,  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army,  or  command- 
ing officer  of  a  separate  department; 

That  the  powers  aforesaid  be  exercised  during  the  pleasure  of  Con- 
gress, but  not  to  extend  beyond  the  duration  of  the  war. 

May  4,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  Thomas  Hutchins  be  appointed  geographer  to  the 
southern  army,  with  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are  allowed  to 
the  geographer  to  the  main  Army. 

June  19,  1781. — "Capt. -Lieut.  Gilliland,  of  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners,  is  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Capt.  in  the  same,  vice  Murray,  resigned  the  1st  June,  1781, 
and  Capt.-Lieut.  Bnshnell,  of  the  same  corps,  is  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain, 
vice  Beehe,  resigned  8th  June,  1781."  "Jonathan  Lawrence,  esq.,  lieutenant  in  late 
Malcolm's  regiment,  is  appointed  to  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and 
miners,  his  commission  to  bear  date  from  the  12th  June,  1781."  (Orders,  General 
lli-odtfuarters,  New  Windsor.) 

.In!,/  ,.',  1781. — "Peter  Taulman,  esq.,  lieutenant  in  late  Col.  Spencer's  regt.,  is 
appointed  captain-lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners."  (Orders,  General 
llcad(juarters,  Tarrytown. ) 

July  11,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  geographer  to  the  main  Army,  and  also  the 
geographer  to  the  southern  arm)',  be  stilcd  '"geographer  of  the  United 
States  of  America,"  and  commissioned  and  considered  as  such;  and 
that  they  perform  such  services  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  com- 
manding officer  of  the  southern  army  may  judge  necessary  to  assign 
them,  respectively. 

July  25,  1781. — "Lieut.  Kirkpatrick,  late  Colonel  Spencer's  regt.,  is  appointed 
captain-lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners."  (Orders,  General  IFead- 
quarten,  near  IhUt's  Ferry.) 

November  11.  1781. — Captain  Jacob  Schreiber,  engineers  (who  had  served  in  the 
capacity  from  March  2,  1780).  was  permitted  to  return  to  Europe  as  Congress,  though 
conscious  of  his  merit,  had  no  means  of  employing  him  in  the  rank  he  requires. 


494       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

November  16,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  Brigadier-General  du  Portail,1  commanding  officer  of 
the  Corps  of  Engineers,  in  consideration  of  his  meritorious  services, 
and  particularly  of  his  distinguished  conduct  in  the  siege  of  York,  in 
the  State  of  Virginia,  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major-general. 

Resolved,  That  Lieutenant-Colonel  Gouvion,1  of  the  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers, receive  the  brevet  of  colonel. 

Resolved,  That  Captain  Rochefontaine,  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
eceive  the  brevet  of  major. 

March  8,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  Captain  James  Elliott  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  appointed 
an  assistant  geographer  to  the  United  States,  and  that  his  pay  be  two 
dollars  and  one  ration  per  day,  and  that  this  allowance  be  considered 
in  full  for  all  claims  that  the  said  Captain  James  Elliott  may  have  on 
the  United  States  for  half  pay  or  any  other  emolument  after  the  war, 
agreeably  to  his  proposal. 

AprU  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants, 
beyond  the  number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced; 
.  .  .  except  such  of  them  as  shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the  staff 
departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  ca.se  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respective 
ranks  in  the  Army,  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pay  and  subsistence  belong- 
ing to  their  rank  in  the  line  as  a  compensation  for  their  respective  services 
in  the  staff,  without  any  other  allowance  whatsoever.     .     .     . 

April  26,  1782. — Colonel  Jeduthan  Baldwin  was  considered  as  a  supernumerary 
officer  retiring  from  the  service. 

October  22,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers:     .     .     . 

Major-general  and  family,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon  and  one 
two-horse  wagon. 

Brigadier-general  and  family,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

Colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major,  one  covered  four-horse  wagon. 

•  *  * 

That  there  shall  be  allowed  for  saddle  horse;?: 

To  a  major-general  and  family 7  rations 

Brigadier-general  and  family 6  do 

Colonel 3  do 

Lieutenant-colonel 2  do 

Major 2  do 

Captain  of  engineers 1  do 

*  -x-  * 

October  30,  1782. — Lieutenant-Colonel  du  Cambray  was  granted  leave  for  twelve 
months  to  visit  his  family  in  France. 

1  General  du  Portail  and  Col.  Gouvion  were  granted  leave  of  absence  from  the  United 
States  for  six  months.  * 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  495 

November  12,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  geographer  to  the  main  army  and  the  geographer 
to  the  southern  department  be  each  of  them  allowed  60  dollars  per 
month,  three  rations  per  day,  forage  for  two  saddle  horses,  one  two- 
horse  covered  wagon,  6|d  dollars  per  month  for  a  servant,  for  whom 
they  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  one  ration  per  day  and  the  clothing 
allowed  to  a  private  soldier. 

That  the  assistant  geographer,  if  such  officers  shall  be  j  udged  neces- 
sary by  the  Commander  in  Chief,  be  allowed  30  dollars  per  month,  one 
ration  per  day,  and  forage  for  one  saddle  horse. 

February  26, 1783. — "Captain  Bushnell,  being  the  senior  officer,  will  have  the  com- 
mand of  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners  until  further  orders,  and  Captain  Delezeume, 
of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  will  report  to  headquarters  immediately  by  what  authority 
he  came  to  the  garrison  of  West  Point  and  assumed  the  command  of  the  sappers  and 
miners."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh). 

May  2,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cambray,  of  the  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers, be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  colonel  by  brevet. 

That  Major  Villef  ranche,  of  the  said  corps,  be  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel  by  brevet,  and  that  Captain  L'Enfant,  of  the  said 
corps,  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  by  brevet. 

October  10,  1783. ' 

Resolved,  That  Major-General  duPortail,  Brigadier-General  Laumoy, 
and  Colonel  Gouvion,  who  have  served  with  distinguished  merit  in  the 
Department  of  Engineers,  have  leave  to  retire  from  the  service  of  the 
United  States.     .     .     . 

October  31,  1783. — The  Secretary  at  War  reported  that  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
sappers  and  miners  had  accepted  the  commutation  of  five  years'  pay  in  lieu  of  half 
pay  for  life. 

February  6,  1781^. 

Resolved,  That  a  brevet  commission  of  lieutenant-colonel  be  issued 
to  Major  de  Brahm,  of  the  late  Corps  of  Engineers,  and  that  he  be 
informed  that  his  further  services  are  dispensed  with. 

January  25,  1785. — Congress  referred  to  a  committee  a  letter  from  Major  L'Enfant 
enclosing  a  memorial  on  the  necessity  of  establishing  a  Corps  of  Engineers,  and  a  dis- 
sertation on  the  qualifications  of  an  engineer. 

June  10,  1785. 

Resolved,  That  in  settling  the  accounts  of  Mr.  Thomas  Hutchins, 
geographer  to  the  United  States,  he  be  allowed  four  dollars  and  four 
rations  a  day  from  the  time  of  his  accepting  his  commission  to  the  3rd 
day  of  November,  1783,  and  that  he  be  allowed  four  dollars  a  day  from 
that  period  to  the  29th  day  of  May,  1785,  deducting  therefrom  the 
time  he  was  employed  and  paid  by  the  State  of  Penns}rlvania. 

June  SO,  1786. — Congress  authorized  the  settlement  of  Captain  Elliott's  accounts 
to  October  20,  1783,  and  no  longer,  thus  indicating  the  length  of  his  service  as  assist- 
ant geographer. 

*The  Secretary  at  War  was  directed  to  express  to  the  French  minister  the  high 
sense  Congress  eniertain  of  the  zeal,  ability,  and  conduct  of  these  officers,  and,  Octo- 
ber 16,  the  agent  of  marine  was  directed  to  provide  them  with  a  passage  to  France  in 
the  ship  Washington. 


496       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

February  23,  1795  (1-419). — This  act  established,  in  the  Treasury  Department,  the 
office  of  purveyor  of  public  supplies.  His  duties  were  to  conduct  the  procuring  and 
providing  cf  all  military  stores,  etc.  His  compensation  was  fixed  at  $2,000  per 
annum,  and  letters  to  and  from  him  were  to  be  conveyed  free  of  postage.  The  office 
was  abolished  after  May  31,  1812,  by  the  act  of  March  28,  1812  (2-696). 

Act  of  March  3,  1799  (1  Stats.,  749). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  17.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  authorized  to 
engage  and  appoint,  distinct  from  the  officers  of  the  corps  of  artiller- 
ists and  engineers,  two  engineers,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  to  stipulate  and  allow  to  them,  respectively,  such  compensations  as 
he  shall  find  necessary  and  expedient. 

Sec.  18.  That  an  inspector  of  fortifications  shall  be  appointed,  whose 
duties  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  under  the  direction 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States;  that  the  compensation  to  be 
allowed  to  the  said  inspector,  if  selected  from  the  corps  of  artillerists 
and  engineers,  in  full  for  his  extra  services  and  travelling  expenses, 
shall,  besides  his  pay  and  emoluments  in  the  corps,  be  thirty -five  dol- 
lars per  month;  and  if  he  shall  not  be  an  officer  in  the  artillery  or 
Army,  he  shall,  in  full  compensation  for  his  services  and  expenses,  be 
allowed  the  sum  of  seventy-five  dollars  monthly,  and  be  entitled  to 
the  rank  of  major  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States;  and  in  case  the 
said  inspector  shall  be  chosen  from  the  corps  of  artillerists  and  engi- 
neers, or  Army  of  the  United  States,  his  place  therein  shall  be  supplied 
by  promotion,  or  a  new  appointment,  or  both,  as  may  be  requisite; 
but  he  shall  nevertheless  retain  his  station  in  the  said  corps  or  Army, 
and  shall  rank  and  rise  therein  in  the  same  manner  as  if  he  had  never 
been  appointed  in  the  said  office  of  inspector. 


Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

•  *  ft 

Sec.  1.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  .  .  .  be  as  follows, 
to  wit:  ...  to  each  major,  fifty  dollars;  .  .  .  ;  to  each  cap- 
tain, forty  dollars;  to  each  first  lieutenant,  thirty  dollars;  to  each 
second  lieutenant,  twenty-five  dollars;     .     .     .       . 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled  .to 
receive  for  their  daily  subsistence  the  following  number  of  rations  of 
provisions:  ...  A  major,  four  rations;  a  captain,  three  rations; 
a  lieutenant,  two  rations;  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof  at  the 
option  of  the  said  officers  ...  at  the  posts,  respectively,  when  the 
rations  shall  become  due;  and  if  at  such  posts  supplies  are  not  furnished 
by  contract,  then  such  allowance  as  shall  be  deemed  equitable,  having 
reference  to  former  contracts  and  the  position  of  the  place  in  ques- 
tion; .  .  .  and  to  every  commissioned  officer  who  shall  keep  one 
servant,  not  a  soldier  of  the  line,  one  additional  ration. 

*  *  * 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  497 

Sec.  26.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  author- 
ized and  empowered,  when  he  shall  deem  it  expedient,  to  organize  and 
establish  a  corps  of  engineers,  to  consist  of  one  engineer,  with  the  pay, 
rank,  and  emoluments  of  a  major;  two  assistant  engineers,  with  the 
pay,  rank,  and  emoluments  of  captains;  two  other  assistant  engineers, 
with  the  pay,  rank,  and  emoluments  of  second  lieutenants;  and  ten 
cadets,  with  the  pay  of  sixteen  dollars  per  month  and  two  rations  per 
day;  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  in  like  manner  author- 
ized, when  he  shall  deem  it  proper,  to  make  such  promotions  in  the 
said  corps,  with  a  view  to  particular  merit,  and  without  regard  to  rank, 
so  as  not  to  exceed  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors,  four 
captains,  four  first  lieutenants,  and  four  second  lieutenants,  and  so  that 
the  number  of  the  whole  corps  shall  at  no  time  exceed  twenty  officers 
and  cadets. 

Sec.  27.  That  the  said  corps  when  so  organized  shall  be  stationed 
at  Westpoint,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  shall  constitute  a  mili- 
tary academy;  and  the  engineers,  assistant  engineers,  and  cadets  of  the 
said  corps  shall  be  subject,  at  all  times,  to  do  duty  in  such  places  and 
on  such  service  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  direct. 

Sec.  28.  That  the  principal  engineer,  and  in  his  absence  the  next  in 
rank,  shall  have  the  superintendence  of  the  said  military  academy, 
under  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and  the 
Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized,  at  the  public  expense,  under 
such  regulations  as  shall  be  directed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  to  procure  the  necessary  books,  implements,  and  apparatus  for 
the  use  and  benefit  of  the  said  institution. 


Act  of  February  28,  1803  (2  Stats.,  206). 

AN  ACT  in  addition  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  fixing  the  military  establishment  of 

the  United  States." 
*  *  •;:• 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  appoint  one  teacher  of  the  French  language  and  one 
teacher  of  drawing,  to  be  attached  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  whose 
compensation  shall  not  exceed  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  in 
the  line  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  be 
authorized  to  enlist,  for  a  term  not  less  than  three  years,  one  artificer 
and  eighteen  men  to  aid  in  making  practical  experiments,  and  for  other 
purposes;  to  receive  the  same  pay,  rations,  and  clothing  as  are  allowed 
to  the  artificers  and  privates  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  same  bounty  when  enlisted  for  five  years,  and  to  be  subject  to  the 
Rules  and  Articles  of  War. 


Act  of  April  10,  1806  (2  State.,  869). 

AN  ACT  establishing  rules  and  articles  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the 

United  states. 

*  «  » 

Article  63.  The  functions  of  the  engineers  being  generally  confined 
to  the  most  elevated  branch  of  military  service,  they  are  not  to  assume 

S.  Doc.  220 32 


498       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

nor  are  they  subject  to  be  ordered  on  any  duty  beyond  the  line  of  theL 
immediate  profession,  except  by  the  special  order  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States;  but  thej^  are  to  receive  every  mark  of  respect  to 
which  their  rank  in  the  Army  may  entitle  them,  respectively,  and  are 
liable  to  be  transferred,  at  the  discretion  of  the  President,  from  one 
corps  to  another,  regard  being  paid  to  rank. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  °29,  1812  (2  Stats.,  720). 
AN  ACT  making  further  provision  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

That  there  be  added  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  two  captains,  two 
first  lieutenants,  two  second  lieutenants,  with  the  usual  pay  and  emolu- 
ments according  to  their  grade,  respectively,  and  one  paymaster,  to  be 
taken  from  the  subalterns  of  engineers,  with  the  pay  and  emoluments 
of  a  regimental  paymaster;  and  that  there  be  attached  to  the  said 
corps,  either  from  the  troops  now  in  service  or  by  new  enlistments,  as 
the  President  of  the  United  States  may  direct,  four  sergeants,  four 
corporals,  one  teacher  of  music,  four  musicians,  nineteen  artificers,  and 
sixty -two  men,  which  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  artificers, 
and  men,  together  with  the  artificers  and  men  already  belonging  to  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  shall  be  formed  into  a  company,  to  be  styled  a 
company  of  bombardiers,  sappers,  and  miners,  and  be  officered  from 
the  Corps  of  Engineers,  according  as  the  commanding  officer  of  that 
corps  may,  with  the  approbation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
direct;  and  the  said  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  artificers,  and 
men,  shall  be  allowed  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  are  allowed  to 
the  noncommissioned  officers,  musicians,  artificers,  and  men  in  the 
regiment  of  artillerists. 

Sec.  2.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Military  Academy  shall 
consist  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  the  following  professors,  in 
addition  to  the  teachers  of  the  French  language  and  drawing  already 
provided,  viz:  One  professor  of  natural  and  experimental  philosophy, 
with  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  lieutenant-colonel  if  not  an  officer  of 
the  corps,  and  if  taken  from  the  corps,  then  so  much  in  addition  to  his 
pay  and  emoluments  as  shall  equal  those  of  a  lieutenant-colonel;  one 
professor  of  mathematics,  with  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major  if 
not  an  officer  of  the  corps,  and  if  taken  from  the  corps,  then  so  much 
in  addition  to  his  pay  and  emoluments  as  shall  equal  those  of  a  major; 
one  professor  of  the  art  of  engineering  in  all  its  branches,  with  the  pay 
and  emoluments  of  a  major  if  not  an  officer  of  the  corps,  and  if  taken 
from  the  corps,  then  so  much  in  addition  to  his  pay  and  emoluments 
as  shall  equal  those  of  a  major;  each  of  the  foregoing  professors  to 
have  an  assistant  professor,  which  assistant  professor  shall  be  taken 
from  the  most  prominent  characters  of  the  officers  or  cadets,  and 
receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  captains,  and  no  other  pay  or 
emoluments,  while  performing  these  duties:  Provided,  That  nothing 
herein  contained  shall  entitle  the  academical  staff,  as  such,  to  any  com- 
mand in  the  Army  separate  from  the  Academy. 

•  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  so  much  of  the  twenty-sixth  section  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  act  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment,"  passed  the  16th  day 
of  March,  1802,  as  confines  the  selection  of  the  commander  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  to  the  said  corps  be,  and  the  same  is  hereb}7, 
repealed. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  499 

Act  of  March  3,  18131  {2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

That  [there  shall  be]  eight  topographical  engineers,  eight  assistant 
topographical  engineers,     .     .     . 

*  *  -X- 

Sec.  3.  That  .  .  .  the  .  .  .  topographical  engineers  shall 
have  the  brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  major  of  cavalry; 
and  the  assistant  topographical  engineers  .  .  .  shall  have  the 
brevet  rank  and  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of  infantry. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  .  .  .  assistant  topographical  engineers  shall  be 
taken  from  the  line.  The  .  .  .*  topographical  engineers  .  .  . 
may  be  taken  from  the  line,  or  not,  as  the  President  may  deem  expe- 
dient.    .     .     . 

•X-  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1815  (3  Stats.,  224). 
AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

That     .     .     .     the  Corps  of  Engineers,  as  at  present  established,  be 

retained. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  24,  1816  (3  Stats.,  297). 

AX  ACT  for  organizing  the  general  staff,  and  making  further  provisions  for  the  Army 

of  the  United  States. 

That,  in  addition  to  the  act  providing  for  a  military  peace  establish- 
ment, the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March  the  third,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirteen,  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff,  be, 
and  the  same  are  hereb}T,  so  far  established  that  the  general  staff  shall 
in  future  consist  of     .  three  topographical  engineers. 


Resolution  of  April  29,  1816 2  {3  Stats.,  31$). 

IlKSOLUTION  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  employ  a  skilful 
assistant  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  employ,  in  addition  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  as  now  established, 
a  skilful  assistant,3  whose  compensation  shall  be  such  as  the  President 
of  the  United  States  shall  think  proper,  not  exceeding  the  allowance 
to  the  chief  officer  of  that  corps. 

JThe  superintendent  general  of  military  supplies  authorized  to  be  appointed  under 
this  act  was  not  a  staff  officer,  but  a  civilian  with  a  salary  of  $8,000  per  annum.  His 
duties  were  to  keep  proper  accounts  of  all  military  stores  and  supplies  of  every 
description  purchased  for  the  Army,  the  volunteers,  ami  the  militia,  and  to  pre- 
scribe forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and  supplies,  etc. 

1  Repealed  by  resolution  No.  8,  July  14,  1832.     (4-607.) 

"General  Simon  Bernard  was  born  at  Dole,  France,  April  28,  1779,  and  after 
graduating  from  the  Polytechnic  School  entered  the  army.  He  was  appointed  aid- 
de-camp  to  the  Emperor  in  1813;  was  successively  made  general  of  brigade  and  gen- 


500       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

Resolution  of  April  20,  1818  (3  Stats.,  4,76). 

RESOLUTION  directing  the  completion  of  the  survey  of  the  waters  of  the  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  ...  to  the  naval  officers  employed  in  this  service  officers 
of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  be  joined,  with  instructions  to  prepare 
plans  of  the  fortifications  necessary  to  be  erected  for  the  defense  of 
such  arsenals  [naval]  with  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of  erecting  the 
same.     .     .     . 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

AN  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Corps  of  Engineers  (bombardiers  excepted)  and 
the  topographical  engineers  and  their  assistants  shall  be"  retained  in 
service  as  at  present  organized. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1823  {3  Stats.,  788). 
AN  ACT  to  establish  a  national  armory  on  the  western  waters. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  employ  a  skillful  engineer,  .  .  .  with  such  other  person  or 
persons  as  he  may  judge  proper,  to  examine  the  most  suitable  site  for 
a  national  armory  on  the  western  waters;  and  that  the  said  engineer 
and  such  other  person  or  persons  be  requested  to  report  the  result  of 
their  examination  to  Congress  at  the  commencement  of  its  next  ses- 
sion, particularly  designating  the  sites  by  them  examined,  with  the 
comparative  advantages  of  each,  and  an  estimate  showing  the  amount 
necessary  for  purchasing  each,  and  erecting  all  necessary  buildings 

thereon. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  April  30,  1821,,  (4  Stats.,  22). 

AN  ACT  to  procure  the  necessary  surveys,  plans,  and  estimates  upon  the  subject  of 

roads  and  canals. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  to  carry  into  effect  the  objects  of  this  act,  the  Presi- 
dent be,  and  he  is  hereb}r,  authorized  to  employ  two  or  more  skillful 

eral  of  division,  ending  his  military  career  at  Waterloo  in  1815.  Refusing  the 
brilliant  offers  of  several  sovereigns  of  Europe,  he  obtained  permission  from  Louis 
XVIII  to  come  to  the  United  States,  and  November  16,  1816,  was  commissioned 
"Assistant  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States"  with  the  rank  of  briga- 
dier-general by  brevet,  and  the  compensation  that  "is  or  may  be  allowed  to  the  chief 
of  that  corps."  He  devised  a  system  of  canals  and  roads  for  connecting  the  Great 
Lakes  and  navigable  rivers  and  a  scheme  for  the  defense  of  the  coast,  constructing 
Fortress  Monroe,  some  of  the  defenses  of  New  York,  and  other  works.  Resigning 
August  10,  1831,  he  returned  to  France  and  was  intrusted  by  Louis  Philippe  with 
the  preparation  of  plans  for  the  fortifications  of  Paris.  He  was  strongly  in  favor  of 
a  system  of  detached  forts,  which  was  afterwards  carried  out.  In  1834  he  was  for  a 
short  time  minister  of  war  and,  ad  interim,  minister  of  foreign  affairs.  In  1836  he 
was  made  minister  of  war  for  a  second  time  and  held  that  office  for  three  years.  He 
died  in  Paris  November  5,  1839. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  501 

civil  engineers,  and  such  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  or  who 
may  be  detailed  to  do  duty  with  that  corps,  as  he  ma}-  think 
proper.     .     .     . 

May  18,  1826  (4-173). — In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or 
of  damage  to  such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage, 
to  be  charged  against  the  responsible  officer  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency 
or  damage  was  not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

Act  of  July  3,  1832,  (£  Stats.,  551). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  certain  internal  improvements  for  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-two. 

•  •::•  ,     * 

Sec.  2.  That  so  much  of  the  second  section  of  the  act  for  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  Cumberland  road,  approved  March  third,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-five,  as  authorizes  the  President, 
with  the  advice  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  a  superintendent  thereof,  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  and  that  the  work  in  the  State  of 
Ohio  be  continued  by  the  War  Department  under  the  superintendence 
of  an  officer  of  engineers. 

Act  of  March  2,  1833  (4  Stats.,  650). 

AN  ACT  for  the  construction  of  a  road  from  the  "Mississippi  River  to  William 
Strong' 8,  on  the  St.  Francis  River,  in  the  Territory  of  Arkansas. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  :  Provided,  That  the  said  sum  [$100,000]  be  expended  under 
the  direction  of  such  military  engineer  as  the  President  may  appoint: 
And  provided  also,  That  no  part  of  the  said  sum  of  money  shall  be 
expended  until  a  careful  survey  and  estimate  shall  have  been  made  of 
the  cost  of  the  road  by  a  competent  engineer,  and  that  the  said  survey 
and  estimate  shall  have  been  previously  submitted  to  and  approved  by 
the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Act  of  June  U,  1834.  U  Stats.,  680). 

AN  ACT  for  the  continuation  and  repair  of  the  Cumberland  road. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  an  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  to  bo  selected  by 
the  Department  of  War,  shall  be  charged  with  the  disbursements  of 
the  moneys  appropriated  for  the  construction  of  the  Cumberland  road 
through  the  States  of  Indiana  and  Illinois;  and  that  said  officer  shall 
have,  under  the  direction  of  the  Engineer  Department,  a  general  con- 
trol over  the  operations  of  the  said  road  and  over  all  persons  employed 
thereon:  Provided,  That  no  percentage  shall  be  allowed  to  such  officer 
for  disbursing  moneys  appropriated  lor  the  construction  of  said  road. 


Act  of  June  30,  183 %  U  Stats.,  723). 

A  X  ACT  authorizing  a  road  to  be  cut  from  the  northern  Ixmndary  of  the  Territory 
of  Florida,  by  Marianna,  to  the  town  of  Apalachicola,  within  the  said  Territory. 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  the  said  road  shall  be  cut  out  by  contract, 
and  that  no  money  shall  be  paid  at  any  time  on  account  thereof  but  on 


502      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

the  certificate  of  an  engineer  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  that 
the  said  road  has  been  faithfully  constructed  according  to  the  terms  of 
such  contract. 


Act' of  July  0,  1836  (5  Stats.,  80). 

AN  ACT  to  change  the  organization  of  the  Post-Office  Department  and  to  provide 
more  effectually  for  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  thereof. 


Sec.  8.  .  .  .  And  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  Chief 
Engineer  which  may  relate  to  the  business  of  his  office  shall  be  free  of 
postage. 


Act  of  July  5,  1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and 

for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  add  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  whenever  he  may  deem 
it  expedient  to  increase  the  same,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors, 
six  captains,  six  first  and  six  second  lieutenants;  and  that  the  pay  and 
emoluments  of  the  said  corps  shall  be  the  same  as  those  allowed  to  the 
officers  of  the  regiment  of  dragoons. 

Sec.  3.  That  so  much  of  the  act  passed  the  twenty-ninth  day  of 
April,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve,  entitled  "An  act  mak- 
ing further  provision  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers,"  as  provides  that 
one  paymaster  shall  be  taken  from  the  subalterns  of  the  Corps  of 
Engineers,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed;  and  that  the  pay- 
master so  authorized  and  provided  be  attached  to  the  Pay  Department, 
and  be  in  every  respect  placed  on  the  footing  of  other  paymasters  of 
the  Army. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers  shall  be  organ- 
ized and  increased  by  regular  promotions  in  the  same,  so  that  the  said 
corps  shall  consist  of  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  four  majors, 
ten  captains,  ten  first  lieutenants,  and  ten  second  lieutenants. 

Sec.  5.  That  vacancies  created  by  said  organization,  over  and  above 
those  which  can  be  filled  by  the  present  corps,  shall  be  taken  from  the 
Army,  and  from  such  as  it  may  be  deemed  advisable  of  the  civil  engi- 
neers employed  under  the  act  of  the  thirtieth  of  April,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  twenty-four;  that  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  officers  of 
said  corps  shall  be  the  same  as  are  allowed  to  officers  of  similar  rank 
in  the  regiments  of  dragoons. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  authority  to  employ  civil  engineers,  in  the  act  of 
the  thirtieth  of  April,  eighteen  hundred  and  twenty-four,  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby,  repealed  after  the  passage  of  this  act. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  21.  That  all  letters  and  packages  on  public  business  to  and 
from  the  .  .  .  head  of  the  topographical  corps  shall  be  free  from 
postage. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  503 

Sec.  27.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  engineer  superintending  the 
construction  of  a  fortification,  or  engaged  about  the  execution  of  any 
other  public  work,  to  disburse  the  moneys  applicable  to  the  same; 
and,  as  a  compensation  therefor,  may  be  allowed  by  the  Secretary 
of  War  at  the  rate  of  two  dollars  per  diem  during  the  continuance  of 
such  disbursements:  Provided,  That  the  whole  amount  of  emoluments 
shall  not  exceed  one  per  cent  on  the  sum  disbursed. 


Act  of  July  7,  1838  (5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 
*  *  * 

Sixth.  That  no  compensation  shall  be  allowed  to  officers  of  the 
Engineer  Department  for  disbursement  of  public  money  while  superin- 
tending public  works. 


Act  of  March  3,  18^3  (5  Stats.,  630). 

A  X  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  civil  and  diplomatic  expenses  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  the  fiscal  year  ending  the  thirtieth  day  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 
forty-four. 

*  *  * 

For  survey  of  the  coast  of  the  United  States  .  .  . :  Provided, 
That  this,  and  all  other  appropriations  hereafter  to  be  made  for  this 
work  shall,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  be  expended  in  accordance 
with  a  plan  of  reorganizing  the  mode  of  executing  the  (rarvey,  to  be 
submitted  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  b}r  a  board  of  officers 
which  shall  be  organized  by  him,  to  consist  of     .  four  from 

among  the  principal  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers; 
none  of  whom  shall  receive  any  additional  compensation  whatever  for 
this  service;  and  who  shall  sit  as  soon  as  organized  .  .  .  and  the 
plan  of  said  board  shall  cause  to  be  employed  as  many  officers  of  the 
Army  ...  of  the  United  States  as  will  be  compatible  with  the 
successful  prosecution  of  the  work;  .  .  .  the  officers  of  the  Army 
on  the  topographical  parts  of  the  work;  and  no  officer  of  the 
Army  .  .  .  shall  hereafter  receive  any  extra  pay  out  of  this  or 
any  future  appropriations  for  surveys. 


Act  of  May  16,  1846  {9  Stats.,  12). 

AN  ACT  for  the  organization  of  a  company  of  sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers. 

That  there  be  added  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  one  company  of  sap- 
pers, miners,  and  pontoniers,  to  be  called  engineer  soldiers;  which 
company  shall  be  composed  of  ten  sergeants  or  master  workmen,  ten 
corporals  or  overseers,  two  musicians,  thirty-nine  privates  of  the 
first  class,  or  artificers,  and  thirty-nine  privates  of  the  second  class,  or 
laborers;  in  all  one  hundred  men. 


504      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  pay  and  rations  of  the  sergeants,  or  master  work- 
men, of  said  company  shall  be  the  same  as  those  now  allowed  by  law 
to  the  master  workmen  employed  by  the  Ordnance  Department,  except- 
ing that  the  engineer  sergeants  shall  receive  one  ration  only  per  day 
instead  of  one  ration  and  a  half;  of  the  corporals,  or  overseers,  the  same 
as  those  now  allowed  by  law  to  the  armorers,  carriage  makers,  and 
blacksmiths  employed  by  the  Ordnance  Department,  excepting  that 
the  engineer  corporals  shall  receive  one  ration  only  per  da}T  instead  of  one 
ration  and  a  half;  of  the  privates  of  the  first  class,  or  artificers,  the 
same  as  those  now  allowed  by  law  to  the  artificers  employed  by  the 
Ordnance  Department;  of  the  privates  of  the  second  class,  or  laborers, 
the  same  as  now  allowed  by  law  to  the  laborers  employed  b}T  the  Ord- 
nance Department;  and  of  the  musicians,  the  same  as  those  allowed  by 
law  to  the  musicians  of  the  line  of  the  Army;  the  said  noncommissioned 
officers,  privates,  and  musicians  being  respectively  entitled  to  the  same 
clothing  and  other  allowances  as  are  granted  by  law  to  noncommis- 
sioned officers,  privates,  and  musicians  of  the  artillery  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  said  engineer  company  shall  be  subject  to  the  Rules 
and  Articles  of  War,  shall  be  recruited  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the 
same  limitation,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  provisions,  allow- 
ances, and  benefits  in  every  respect  as  are  allowed  to  the  other  troops 
constituting  the  present  military  peace  establishment. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  said  engineer  company  shall  be  attached  to  and 
compose  a  part  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  be  officered  by  officers 
of  that  corps  as  at  present  organized;  they  shall  be  instructed  in  and 
perform  all  the  duties  of  sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers,  and  shall 
aid  in  giving  practical  instructions  in  these  branches  at  the  Military 
Academy;  they  shall,  moreover,  under  the  orders  of  the  Chief  Engi- 
neer, be  liable  to  serve,  by  detachments,  in  overseeing  and  aiding 
laborers  upon  fortifications  or  other  works  under  the  Engineer  Depart- 
ment and  in  supervising  finished  fortifications  as  fort  keepers,  prevent- 
ing injmy,  and  applying  repairs. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Chief  Engineer,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  be  authorized  to  regulate  and  determine  the  number, 
quality,  form,  dimensions,  etc.,  of  the  necessary  vehicles,  pontons, 
tools,  implements,  arms,  and  other  supplies  for  the  use  and  service  of 
said  company  as  a  body  of  sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers. 
*  *  * 

March  8,  1847  {9-175).— The  works  at  Cary's  Fort  Reef,  Florida,  near  Wango- 
shance,  Mich.;  Minot's  Rock,  Massachusetts;  Whale's  Back,  New  Hampshire;  Fair- 
weather  Island,  near  Black  Rock,  Connecticut;  and  Brandy  wine  Shoals  in  the  Dela- 
ware River,  Pennsylvania,  to  be  executed  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Topo- 
graphical Bureau. 

July  10, 1848  (9-246). — Provisions  of  pension  laws  construed  to  apply  to  enlisted 
men  in  the  several  corps  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  March  3,  1849  (9  Stats.,  370). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty. 


Sec.  3.  That  any  noncommissioned  officer,  musician,  or  private,  in 
the  company  of  sappers  and  miners  and  pontoniers,  raised  by  the  act 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  505 

of  May  ninth,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty -eight,  who. served  in  said 
company  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  shall,  on  application,  be  entitled  to 
receive  an  honorable  discharge  from  the  service  of  the  United  States, 
and  stand  as  if  they  had  served  out  their  respective  terms. 

March  3,  1849  (9-380). — When  expenditure  is  to  be  made  under  direction  of  Bureau 
of  Topographical  Engineers,  necessary  preliminary  surveys  to  determine  site  of  pro- 
posed light-house  or  light-boat  shall  be  made  by  officers  of  the  corps  possessing  requi- 
site skill  and  experience,  who  shall  make  report  of  the  result  of  their  examinations. 

September  28, 1850  (9-504). — Moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  military  stores  and 
other  supplies  exempted  from  operation  of  act  of  March  3,  1849,  requiring  certain 
moneys  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  without  abatement  or  reduction. 

March  3, 1851  (9-627). — Colonel  of  Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers  charged  with 
making  preliminary  surveys  to  determine  sites  of  proposed  light-houses,  light'boats, 
beacons,  and  bouys  on  the  northwestern  lakes;  two  engineer  officers  to  form  part  of 
of  a  board  to  inquire  into  condition  of  the  Light-House  Establishment;  details  of  engi- 
neer officers  may  be  made  to  superintend  construction  and  renovation  of  light-houses. 

August  30,  1852  (10-56). — A  board  of  topographical  and  civil  engineers  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  report  upon  expediency  of  an  additional  canal 
around  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  River  and  comparative  cost,  advantages,  and  disadvan- 
tages of  enlarging  and  extending  the  present  canal  so  as  to  avoid  the  rocks  at  Sandy 
Island. 

August  31,  1852  (10-76). — If  the  superintendence  of  constructing  the  custom-house 
at  New  Orleans  be  confided  to  an  officer  of  the  topographical  engineers,  he  shall  be 
allowed  a  compensation  not  exceeding  $5  per  day. 

Act  of  August  31,  1862  (10  Stats.,  112). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  light-houses,  light-boats,  buoys,  etc.,  and  provid- 
ing for  the  erection  and  establishment  of  the  same,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  8.  That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and 
required  to  appoint,  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  .  .  . 
one  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  one  officer  of  the 
Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers  of  the  Arm}*,  .  .  .  and  .  .  . 
an  officer  of  engineers  of  the  Army,  as  secretaries,  who  shall  consti- 
tute the  Light-House  Board  of  the  United  States. 

*  »  * 

Sec.  12.  [The  Light-House  Board  to  arrange  the  Atlantic,  Gulf, 
Pacific,  and  lake  coasts  into  twelve  districts];  and  the  President  is 
hereby  authorized  and  required  to  direct  that  an  officer  of  the  Army 
.  .  .  may  be  assigned  to  each  district  as  a  light-house  inspector, 
subject  to  and  under  orders  of  the  Light-House  Board,  who  shall  receive 
for  such  service  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  that  he  would  be  entitled 
to  by  law  for  the  performance  of  dut}r  in  the  regular  line  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  no  other,  except  the  legal  allowance  per  mile  when  trav- 
elling under  orders  connected  with  nis  duties. 

*  *  * 

August  31,  1852  (10-112). — Plan  for  the  erection  of  a  light-house  OD  the  outer 
Minot  Ledge,  Boston  Harbor,  to  be  approved  by  the  Topographical  Bureau;  a  first- 
class  light-house  near  Coffins  Patches,  off  Dry 'Bank,  Fla.,  to  be  constructed  under 
the  direction  of  the  Topographs  al  Bureau;  two  range  beacon  lights  for  Gedneys 
Channel,  New  Jersey,  and  two  on  Staten  Island,  New  York  Harbor,  to  be  constructed 
under  the  direction  of  the  Topographical  Bureau;  plans,  drawings,  etc.,  of  all  illumi- 
nating and  other  apparatus  of  construction  and  repair  of  towers,  buildings,  etc., 
connected  with  the  Light-House  Establishment,  to  he  prepared  by  the  engineer  sec- 
retary of  the  board,  or  such  officer  of  engineers  as  may  be  detailed  for  that  service; 
no  additional  salary  allowed  to  any  military  officer  employed  on  the  Light-House 
Board. 


506       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

.    Act  of  March  3,  1853  (10  Stats.,  Mli). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-four. 


Sec.  9.  That  whenever  any  lieutenant  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers,  .  .  shall  have  served  fourteen 
years'  continuous  service  as  lieutenant,  he  shall  be  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  captain:  Provided,  That  the  whole  number  of  officers  in 
either  of  the  said  corps  shall  not  be  increased  beyond  the  number  now 
fixed  by  law:  And  provided  further,  That  no  officer  shall  be  pro- 
moted before  those  who  rank  him  in  his  corps. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized, under  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to 
employ  such  portion  of  the  corps  of  topographical  engineers  .  .  . 
to  make  such  explorations  and  survej^s  as  he  may  deem  advisable,  to 
ascertain  the  most  practicable  and  economical  route  for  a  railroad  from 
the  Mississippi  Klver  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.     .     .     . 

Sec.  11.  That  the  engineers  .  .  .  employed  in  said  explorations 
and  surveys  shall  be  organized  in  as  many  district  corps  as  there  are 
routes  to  be  surveyed,  and  their  several  reports  shall  be  laid  before 
Congress  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  in  February,  eighteen  hundred 
and  fifty-four. 


March  3,  1853  {10-240). — Places  for  two  light-houses  on  the  Saint  Clair  Flats, 
Michigan,  to  be  selected  and  the  work  executed  under  the  direction  of  the  Topo- 
graphical Bureau. 

March  3,  1857  {11-243). — Secretary  of  War  authorized  to  employ  such  officers  of 
the  Army  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  exploration  and  verification  of  surveys  already 
made  of  a  ship  canal  near  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

Act  of  March  3,  1859  (11  Stats.,  435). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  care  and  preservation  of  the  works  constructed  by  the 
United  States  for  bringing  the  Potomac  waters  into  the  cities  of  Washington  and 
Georgetown,  for  the  supply  of  said  water  for  all  governmental  purposes,  and  for  the 
uses  and  benefits  of  the  inhabitants  of  said  cities. 

That  the  dams,  aqueducts,  water  gates,  reservoirs,  and  all  fixtures 
and  improvements  connected  therewith  .  .  .  shall  be  placed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States  under  the  immediate  care,  manage- 
ment, and  superintendence  of  a  properly  qualified  officer  of  the  United 
States  Corps  of  Engineers  to  be  appointed  by  him,  who  shall  act 
under  the  Department  of  the  Interior;  .  .  .  and  such  officer  as  a 
compensation  for  the  duties  and  responsibilities  imposed  upon  him  by 
this  act,  shall  receive,  for  his  pa}r  as  said  engineer,  no  more  than  his 
regular  pay  as  an  officer  of  the  corps.  He  shall  occupy  the  necessary 
apartments  in  one  of  the  public  buildings  in  the  city  of  Washington  as 
may  be  directed  by  the  President,  and  shall  be  supplied  by  the  Gov- 
ernment with  the  stationery,  instruments,  books,  and  furniture 
required  in  the  performance  of  his  public  duties.     .     .     . 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  507 

Act  of  June  23,  1860  (12  Stats.,  91). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-one. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  articles,  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made  by  advertising, 
a  sufficient  time  previously,  for  proposals  respecting  the  same.  When 
immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the  public  exigency, 
the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or 
contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such  articles  are 
usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such  services  engaged  between  individuals. 
No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be  made  unless  the  same  be 
authorized  by  law,  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfill- 
ment, except  in  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  for  clothing,  subsist- 
ence, forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation,  which,  however,  shall 
not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  No  arms,  nor  military 
supplies  whatever,  which  are  of  a  patented  invention,  shall  be  pur- 
chased, nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying  any  patented  invention, 
unless  the  same  shall  be  authorized  by  law,  and  the  appropriation 
therefor  explicitly  set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention. 


Act  of  June  25,  1860  (12  Stats.,  104). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one. 


For  the  completion  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  .  .  .  accord- 
ing to  the  plans  and  estimates  of  Captain  Meigs,  and  under  his  super- 
intendence: Provided,  That  the  office  of  engineer  of  the  Potomac 
waterworks  is  hereby  abolished,  and  its  duties  shall  hereafter  be  dis- 
charged by  the  chief  engineer  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct. 


Act  of  February  21,  1861  (12  Stats.,  llfl). 

A  N  A  (  T  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth 
of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 


Sec.  5.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-one,"  approved  June  twenty-three,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  except  so  far  as 
the  said  section  prohibits  the  purchase  of  patented  firearms,  as  to 
which  the  said  section  shall  still  be  in  force. 


508       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 
Act  of  March  0,  1861  (12  Stats.,  214). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 


Sec.  10.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services, 
in  any  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal 
services,  when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate 
delivery  of  the  article  or  articles,  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall 
be  made  by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals 
respecting  the  same.  When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is 
required  by  the  public  exigency,  the  articles  or  service  required  may 
be  procured  by  open  purchase  or  contract  at  the  places  and  in  the 
manner  in  which  such  articles  are  usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such 
services  engaged  between  individuals.  No  contract  or  purchase  shall 
hereafter  be  made,  unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  law  or  be 
under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War 
.  .  .  Departments,  for  clothing,  subsistence,  forage,  fuel,  quarters, 
or  transportation,  which,  however,  shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of 
the  current  year.  And  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial 
expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  [twenty- 
third]  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,"  shall  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Act  of  August  3,  1861  {12  Stats.,  287). 
AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 


Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  each  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers 
and  Topographical  Engineers  three  first  and  three  second  lieutenants, 
to  be  promoted  thereto  in  accordance  with  the  existing  laws  and 
regulations.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  three 
companies  of  engineer  soldiers,  to  be  commanded  by  appropriate  offi- 
cers of  said  corps,  to  have  the  same  pay  and  rations,  clothing,  and 
other  allowances,  and  be  entitled  to  the  same  benefits,  in  every  respect, 
as  the  company  created  by  the  act  for  the  organization  of  a  company 
of  sappers  and  miners  and  pontoniers,  approved  May  sixteen  [fifteenth], 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty-six.  The  said  three  companies  shall  be 
subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War;  shall  be  recruited  in  the 
same  manner  and  with  the  same  limitation,  shall  be  instructed  in  and 
perform  the  same  duties,  and  be  liable  to  serve  in  the  same  way,  and 
shall  have  their  vehicles,  pontons,  tools,  implements,  arms,  and  other 
supplies  regulated  in  the  same  manner  as  the  existing  engineer  com- 
pany; and  each  of  the  four  companies  of  engineer  soldiers  shall  here- 
after be  composed  of  ten  sergeants,  ten  corporals,  two  musicians, 
sixty-four  privates  of  the  first  class,  or  artificers,  and  sixty-four  pri- 
vates of  the  second  class;  in  all,  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  each. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  509 

Act  of  August  6,  1861  (12  Stats.,  317). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Engineer  and  Topographical  Engineer 
Corps,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  there  shall  be  added  to  each  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and 
Topographical  Engineers,  by  regular  promotion  of  their  present  offi- 
cers, two  lieutenant-colonels  and  four  majors. 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Corps  of  Topographical 
Engineers  one  company  of  soldiers,  to  be  commanded  by  appropriate 
officers  of  said  corps,  to  have  the  same  pay  and  rations,  clothing,  and 
other  allowances,  and  to  be  entitled  to  the  same  benefits  in  every 
respect  as  the  company  created  by  the  act  for  the  organization  of  a 
company  of  sappers  and  miners  and  pontoniers,  approved  May  six- 
teenth [fifteenth],  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-six.  The  said  company 
shall  be  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  shall  have  the 
same  organization  as  the  companies  of  engineer  soldiers  attached  to 
the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

*  *  * 

June2,  1862  {12-411). — Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts,  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts, 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

June  18,  1862  (12-620). — Supervision  of  the  Potomac  waterworks  transferred  from 
the  War  Department  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

Act  of  March  3, 1863  (12  Stats.,  710). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  of  the  Ordnance 
Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers,  as  a  distinct  branch  of 
the  Army,  is  hereby  abolished,  and  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this 
act  is  merged  into  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  which  shall  have  the  follow- 
ing organization,  viz:  One  Chief  Engineer,  with  the  rank,  paj%  and 
emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general;  four  colonels;  ten  lieutenant- 
colonels;  twenty  majors;  thirty  captains;  thirty  first  lieutenants,  and 
ten  second  lieutenants. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  general  officer  provided  by  the  first  section  of  this 
act  shall  be  .selected  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers  as  therein  established, 
and  that  officers  of  all  lower  grades  shall  take  rank  according  to  their 
respective  dates  of  commission  in  the  existing  Corps  of  Engineers  or 
Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers. 

Sec.  3.  That  no  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  below  the  rank  of 
a  field  officer  shall  hereafter  be  promoted  to  a  higher  grade  before 
having  passed  a  satisfactory  examination  before  a  board  of  three  engi- 
neers senior  to  him  in  rank;  and  should  the  officer  fail  at  said  exami- 
nation he  shall  be  suspended  from  promotion  for  one  year,  when  he 
shall  be  reexamined,  and,  upon  a  second  failure,  shall  bo  dropped 
by  the  President  from  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  increase  of  rank  of  officers,  and  in  the  number  of 
officers  provided  for  in  this  act,  shall  continue  only  during  the  exist- 
ence of  the  present  rebellion;  and  thereafter  the  several  officers  pro- 
moted under  this  act  shall  have  the  respective  rank  they  would  have 


510       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

had  if  this  act  had  not  passed,  and  the  number  shall  be  reduced  by 
the  President  to  the  number  authorized  by  law  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act. 

May  5,  1864  {13-68). — Commissioner  of  public  buildings  to  pay  to  the  corpora- 
tion of  Washington  City  the  just  proportion  of  the  cost  of  improving  streets,  ave- 
nues, or  alleys  passing  through  or  by  any  of  the  property  of  the  United  States. 

Act  of  July  13,  1866  (14-  Stats.,  90). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  may  hereafter  be  selected,  and  the  officers  on  duty  at  that 
institution  detailed,  from  any  arm  of  the  service;  and  the  supervision 
and  charge  of  the  Academy  shall  be  in  the  War  Department  under  such 
officer  or  officers  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  assign  to  that  duty. 

*  *  * 

Juhi  28,  1866  (14-310). — Contract  for  care  of  transient  paupers,  medical  and  surgi- 
cal patients,  to  be  made  by  the  commissioner  of  public  buildings. 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  f  x  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  19.  That  the  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  consist  of  one  chief  of 
engineers,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general; 
six  colonels,  twelve  lieutenant-colonels,  twenty-four  majors,  thirty 
captains,  and  twenty-six  first  and  ten  second  lieutenants,  who  shall 
have  the  pay  and  emoluments  now  provided  by  law  for  officers  of  the 
Engineer  Corps. 

Sec.  20.  That  the  five  companies  of  engineer  soldiers  and  the 
sergeant-major  and  quartermaster-sergeant  heretofore  prescribed  by 
law  shall  constitute  a  battalion  of  engineers,  to  be  officered  by  officers 
of  suitable  rank  detailed  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers;  and  the  officers 
of  engineers,  acting  respectively  as  adjutant  and  quartermaster  of  this 
battalion,  shall  be  entitled  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  adjutants 
and  quartermasters  of  cavalry. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  Chief  of  Engineers  .  .  .  shall 
hereafter  be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they 
belong.     .     .     . 


Act  of  February  12,  1867  (U  Stats.,  393). 
AN  ACT  to  fix  the  pay  of  the  quartermaster-sergeant  of  the  Battalion  of  Engineers. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  pay  and  allowances 
of  the  quartermaster-sergeant  of  the  Battalion  of  Engineers  of  the 
Arm}'  of  the  United  States  shall  be  the  same  as  those  allowed  by  law 
to  the  sergeant-major  of  the  battalion. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  511 

Act  of  March  2,  1867  (U  Stats.,  457). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  office  of  commissioner  of  public  buildings  is  hereby 
abolished,  and  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Army  shall  perform  all  the 
duties  now  required  by  law  of  said  commissioner,1  and  shall  also  have 
the  superintendence  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  and  all  the  public 
works  and  improvements  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  law.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  2, 1867  (14-487). — Section  3  authorizes  a  board  of  six  officers  (three  from  the 
Army)  to  determine  by  practical  tests  what  increased  strength  or  variation  of  form 
is  necessary  to  enable  our  best  stone  forts  to  resist  the  heaviest  guns. 

March  2,  1867  (14-571). — Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
Government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

July  7,  1868(15-256). — A  competent  and  impartial  engineer  officer,  with  two  naval 
officers,  to  carefully  examine  Boston  Harbor  relative  to  the  erection  of  a  bridge  over 
the  water  between  mainland  in  Boston  and  East  Boston. 

July  25,  1868  (15-171). — Chief  Engineer  of  the  Army  to  reimburse  to  the  corpora- 
tion of  the  city  of  Washington  for  expenses  incurred  in  improving  the  property  of 
the  General  Government  in  said  city;  appropriations  hereafter  made  for  this  purpose 
to  be  expended  under  his  direction. 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  .  ...  in  the  Engineer  Depart- 
ment.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

July  11, 1870  (16-223). — Three  engineer  officers  to  be  detailed  to  examine  all  bridges 
erected,  or  in  process  of  erection,  across  the  Ohio  River  and  report  if  navigation  is 
obstructed  thereby. 

March  5,  1872  ( 17-86). — Chief  of  Engineers  and  engineer  in  charge  of  public  build- 
ings and  grounds  to  be  members  of  a  board  to  examine  condition  of  harbors  and 
landings  along  entire  water  front  of  Washington  and  Georgetown. 

May  8,  1872  (17-61). — Chief  of  Engineers  and  engineer  in  charge  of  public  build- 
ings, etc.,  to  be  members  of  a  board  to  report  plan  for  removing  locomotive  railroad 
track  in  front  of  the  western  entrance  of  the  Capitol. 

May  15,  1872  (17-116). — This  act  establishes  rates  of  pay  of  enlisted  men  of  the 
corps  from  and  after  July  1,  1872.     (See  sec.  1280,  R.  S. ) 

Act  of  June  10,  1872  (17  Stats.;  382). 

AN  ACT  to  repeal  so  much  of  section  six  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appro- 

E nations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen 
undred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  third,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as  prohibits  promotions  in  the  Engineer  Department  of 
the  Army. 

That  so  much  of  section  six  of  an  act  entitled  '  'An  act  making  appro- 
priations for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  June  thir- 

*The  act  of  March  2,  1867  ( 14-434),  directed  the  commissioner  of  public  buildings 
to  furnish  proper  offices  for  the  Department  of  Education. 


512       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

tieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as  prohibits  promotions 
and  new  appointments  in  the  Engineer  Department  be,  and  the  same 
is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
authorize  promotion  in  said  department  above  the  grade  of  colonel. 

December  17,  1872  (17-398).—  Three  experienced  officers  of  engineers  to  be  detailed 
to  examine  and  report  upon  proposed  construction  of  bridges  across  the  Ohio  River. 

February  1,  1873  (17-422). — Engineer  soldiers  placed  upon  same  footing  as  regards 
extra-duty  pay  as  other  enlisted  men. 

March  3,  1873  (17-485). — Certain  electrical  apparatus  in  the  Capitol  subject  to  con- 
trol and  supervision  of  the  Architect  of  the  Capitol  and  the  commissioner  of  public 
buildings  and  grounds. 

March  3,  1873  (17-510). — Improvements  and  care  of  public  grounds  to  be  under  the 
direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

March  3, 1873  (17-530). — Officer  in  charge  of  public  buildings  and  grounds  to  have 
rank,  pay,  etc.,  of  a  colonel. 

March  3,  1873  (17-560). — One  or  more  engineers  to  be  detailed  to  inquire  into  and 
report  upon  practicability  of  bridging  the  channel  between  Lake  Huron  and  Lake 
Erie. 

Act  of  June  20,  18? %  (18  Stats.,  116). 

AN  ACT  for  the  government  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  detail  an  officer 
of  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  who  shall, 
subject  to  the  general  supervision  and  direction  of  the  said  Board  of 
Commissioners,  have  the  control  and  charge  of  the  work  of  repair  and 
improvement  of  all  streets,  avenues,  alleys,  sewers,  roads,  and  bridges 
of  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  he  is  hereby  vested  with  all  the  power 
and  authority  of,  and  shall  perform  the  duties  heretofore  devolved 
upon,  the  chief  engineer  of  the  board  of  public  works. 

*  *  * 

June  22,  1874  (18-197). — Board  of  Engineers  to  examine  and  report  relative  to 
construction  of  a  bridge  across  the  Mississippi  River  at  or  near  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

Act  of  June  22,  1874,  (IS  Stats.,  199). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  commission  of  engineers  to  investigate 
and  report  a  permanent  plan  for  the  reclamation  of  the  alluvial  basin  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  subject  to  inundation. 

That  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to 
assign  three  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army, 
.  .  .  to  serve  as  a  board  of  commissioners;  the  president  of  said 
board  to  be  designated  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  It  shall 
be  the  duty  of  said  commission  to  make  a  full  report  to  the  President 
of  the  best  system  for  the  permanent  reclamation  and  redemption  of 
said  alluvial  basin  from  inundation,     .     .     . 


Act  of  June  23,  1874,  (IS  Stats.,  237.) 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  repair,  preservation,  and  completion  of  cer- 
tain public  works  on  rivers  and  harbors,  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  a  board  of  engineers,  to  be  composed  of  three  from  the 
Army,  ...  be  appointed  by  the  President;  which  said  board 
shall  make  a  survey  of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River,  with  a  view 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  513 

to  determine  the  best  method  of  obtaining  and  maintaining  a  depth  of 
water  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  commerce,  either  by  a  canal  from 
said  river  to  the  waters  of  the  Gulf,  or  by  deepening  one  or  more  of 
the  natural  outlets  of  said  river;  and  said  board  shall  make  a  full  and 
detailed  estimate  and  statement  of  the  cost  of  each  and  said  places,  and 
shall  report  the  same,  together  with  their  opinion  thereon,  showing 
which  of  all  said  plans  they  deem  preferable,  giving  their  reasons 
therefor,  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  presented  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  session  of  the  Forty-third  Congress;     .     .     . 

June  23,  1874  {18-237). — Three  officers  of  engineers  to  be  members  of  a  commission 
to  survey  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

March  8,  1875  (18-375). — One  engineer  officer  to  be  detailed  as  member  of  a  board 
to  conduct  experiments  in  testing  iron  and  steel. 

March  3,  1875  (18-456). — Board  of  engineers  to  be  convened  to  examine  and  report 
upon  improvement  of  the  channel  between  Staten  Island  and  New  Jersey. 

Note. — Under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  Col.  O.  E.  Babcock,  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  was,  March  3,  1875,  placed  in  charge  of  the  construction  of  the 
State,  War,  and  Navy  building.  He  was  relieved,  March  3,  1877,  by  Col.  Thomas 
Lincoln  Casey,  Corps  of  Engineers. 

Act  of  August  %,  1876  {19  Stats.,  123). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  completion  of  the  Washington  Monument. 

.  .  .  And  the  construction  of  said  monument  shall  be  under  the 
direction  and  supervision  of  .  .  .  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the 
United  States  Army,  .  .  .  which  officers  are  hereby  constituted 
a  joint  commission  for  the  purpose     .     .     . 

March  3,  1877  (19-344)  ■ — Appropriates  $25,000  to  be  expended  under  the  direction 
of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  in  continuing  the  survey  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  with  a  view  of  determining  proper  method  of  reclaiming  from  overflow 
the  alluvial  lands  of  the  Mississippi  delta. 

REVISED  STATUTES— 2ND  EDITION— 1878. 


Sec.  519.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  furnish  proper  offices  for 
the  use  of  the  Office  of  Education. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

A  Corps  of  Engineers. 

A  battalion  of  engineer  soldiers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1151.  The  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  consist  of  one  Chief  of 
Engineers,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general;  six  colonels,  twelve 
lieutenant-colonels,  twenty-four  majors,  thirty  captains,  twenty-six 
first  lieutenants,  and  ten  second  lieutenants,  and  the  battalion:  Pro- 
vided, That  no  promotion  shall  be  made  to  till  any  vacancy  in  said 
corps  above  the  rank  of  qolonel. 

Sec.  1152.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  is  authorized,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  regulate  and  determine  the  number, 
quality,  form,  and  dimensions  of  the  necessary  vehicles,  pontoons, 
tools,  implements,  arms,  and  other  supplies  for  tne  use  of  the  battalion 
of  engineer  soldiers. 

Sec.  1153.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  engineer  superintending  the 

S.  Doc.  229 33 


514       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

construction  of  a  fortification  or  engaged  about  the  execution  of  any 
other  public  work  to  disburse  the  moneys  applicable  to  the  same;  but 
no  compensation  shall  be  allowed  him  for  such  disbursement. 

Sec.  1154.  The  battalion  of  engineers  shall  consist  of  the  five  com- 
panies of  engineers  now  existing,  one  sergeant-major,  and  one  quar- 
termaster-sergeant, who  shall  also  be  commissary -sergeant. 

Sec.  1155.  Each  company  of  engineer  soldiers  shall  consist  of  ten 
sergeants,  ten  corporals,  two  musicians,  and  as  many  privates  of  the 
first  class,  not  exceeding  sixty -four,  and  as  many  privates  of  the  second 
class,  not  exceeding  sixty -four,  as  the  President  may  direct,  and  shall 
be  recruited  in  the  same  manner,  and  with  the  same  limitation,  and 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  provisions,  allowances,  and  benefits,  in 
every  respect,  as  are  allowed  to  other  troops  constituting  the  present 
military  peace  establishment. 

Sec.  1156.  A  battalion  adjutant,  a  battalion  quartermaster,  and 
appropriate  officers  to  command  the  companies  and  battalion  of  engi- 
neer soldiers  shall  be  detailed  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers. 

Sec.  1157.  The  enlisted  men  of  the  engineer  battalion  shall  perform 
the  duties  of  sappers,  miners,  and  pontoniers,  and  shall  aid  in  giving 
practical  instruction  in  those  branches  at  the  Military  Academy.  They 
may  be  detailed  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers  to  oversee  and  aid  laborers 
upon  fortifications  and  other  works  in  charge  of  the  Engineer  Corps, 
and  as  fort  keepers  to  protect  and  repair  finished  fortifications. 

Sec.  1158.  Engineers  shall  not  assume  nor  be  ordered  on  any  duty 
beyond  the  line  of  their  immediate  profession,  except  by  the  special 
order  of  the  President.  They  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  President, 
be  transferred  from  one  corps  to  another,  regard  being  paid  to  rank. 

•X-  *  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Chief  of  Engineers  .  .  .  shall  be 
appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

-X*  *  * 

Sec.  1196.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  detail  six  officers  from  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  and  any  number  of  noncommissioned  officers  and 
privates  not  exceeding  one  hundred  from  the  battalion  of  engineers, 
for  the  performance  of  signal  duty;  but  no  officer  or  enlisted  man  shall 
be  so  detailed  until  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by  a 
military  board  convened  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  1206.  No  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  below  the  rank  of 
field  officer  shall  be  promoted  to  a  higher  grade  until  he  shall  have 
been  examined  and  approved  by  a  board  of  three  engineers  senior  to 
him  in  rank.  If  an  engineer  officer  fail  on  such  examination,  he  shall 
be  suspended  from  promotion  for  one  year,  when'  he  shall  be  reexam- 
ined before  a  like  board.  In  case  of  failure  on  such  reexamination, 
he  shall  be  dismissed  from  the  service. 

Sec.  1207.  When  any  lieutenant  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  has 
served  fourteen  years'  continuous  service  as  lieutenant,  ne  shall  be 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain,  on  passing  the  examination  provided 
by  the  preceding  section,  but  such  promotion  shall  not  authorize  an 
appointment  to  fill  any  vacancy  when  such  appointment  would  increase 
the  whole  number  of  officers  in  the  corps  beyond  the  number  fixed  by 
law;  nor  shall  any  officer  be  promoted  before  officers  of  the  same  grade 
who  rank  him  in  his  corps. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  515 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  be 
made  by  officers  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1280.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  following  enlisted  men  of  the 
Army  shall,  during  their  first  term  of  enlistment,  be  as  follows,  with 
the  contingent  additions  thereto  hereinafter  provided; 

*  *  * 

Sergeant-majors  of  engineers,  thirty- six  dollars. 
Quartermaster-sergeants  of  engineers,  thirty-six  dollars. 
Sergeants  of  engineers,     .     .     .     thirty-four  dollars. 
Corporals  of  engineers,     .     .     .     twenty  dollars. 
Musicians  of  engineers,     .     .     .     thirteen  dollars. 
Privates  (first  class)  of  engineers,     .     .     .     seventeen  dollars. 
Privates  (second  class)  of  engineers,     .     .     .     thirteen  dollars. 

Sec.  1281.  This  section  adds  $1  per  month  for  each  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth 
year  of  first  enlistment. 

Sec.  1282.  Fixes  the  pay  of  men  reenlisting  at  the  rate  of  pay  for  third  year  of  first 
term  of  service. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage,  to  be  charged 
against  the  officer  responsible  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage 
was  not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

*  *  *• 

Sec.  1797.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  have  charge  of  the  public 
buildings  and  grounds  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  under  such  regu- 
lations as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  President  through  the  War  Depart- 
ment, except  those  buildings  and  grounds  which  are  otherwise  provided 
for  by  law. 

Sec.  1798.  All  estimates  for  public  buildings  and  grounds  in  charge 
of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  be  approved  and  submitted  by  the 
Secretary  of  War,  through  the  Treasury  Department,  as  other  esti- 
mates, to  the  two  Houses  of  Congress;  and  all  appropriations  which 
have  been  or  may  be  hereafter  made  for  repairs  or  improvements  of 
the  public  buildings  and  grounds  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  now 
in  charge  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  be  expended  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1799.  The  Chief  of  Engineers,  in  charge  of  public  buildings 
and  grounds,  is  authorized  to  employ  in  his  office  and  about  the  public 
buildings  and  grounds  under  his  control  such  number  of  persons  for 
such  employments  and  at  such  rates  of  compensation  as  may  be  appro- 
priated for  by  Congress  from  year  to  year. 

Sec.  1800.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  have  the  immediate  superin- 
tendence of  the  Washington  Aqueduct,  together  with  all  rights,  appur- 
tenances, and  fixtures  connected  with  the  same  and  belonging  to  the 
United  States,  and  of  all  other  public  works  and  improvements  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  in  which  the  Government  has  an  interest  and 
whjch  are  not  otherwise  .specially  provided  for  by  law. 

Sec.  1801.  He  shall  obey,  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  mentioned 


516      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.  ARMY. 

in  the  preceding  section,  such  regulations,  pursuant  to  law,  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  President,  through  the  Departmentof  War. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1803.  Forbids  tapping  or  opening  mains  or  pipes  laid  by  the  Government  in 
Washington  City  unless  by  consent  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1807.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  receive  no  compensation, 
other  than  his  regular  pay  as  an  officer  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  for 
the  services  required  of  him  under  the  provisions  of  this  title. 

[Seat  of  government,  including  the  public  buildings.] 

Sec.  1808.  He  shall  be  furnished  official  apartments  in  one  of  the 
public  buildings  in  the  city  of  Washington,  as  may  be  directed  by  the 
President,  and  shall  be  supplied  by  the  Government  with  the  sta- 
tionery, instruments,  books,  and  furniture  which  may  be  required  for 
the  performance  of  his  duties. 

Sec.  1809.  He  shall  keep  in  his  office  a  complete  record  of  all  the 
lands  and  other  property  connected  with  or  belonging  to  the  Wash- 
ington Aqueduct  and  other  public  works  under  his  charge,  together 
with  accurate  plans  and  surveys  of  the  public  grounds  and  reservations 
in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Sec.  1810.  Chief  of  Engineers  to  have  full  control  over  the  Washington  Aqueduct 
and  the  supply  of  water. 

Sec.  1811.  Decisions  of  Chief  of  Engineers  on  all  questions  relative  to  supply  of 
water  subject  to  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  War  only. 

Sec.  1812.  That  Chief  of  Engineers  shall,  as  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic buildings  and  grounds  and  as  superintendent  of  the  Washington 
Aqueduct,  annually  submit  the  following  reports  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  in  time  to  accompany  the  annual  message  of  the  President  to 
Congress,  namely: 

First.  A  report  of  his  operations  for  the  preceding  year,  with  an 
account  of  the  manner  in  which  all  appropriations  for  public  buildings 
and  grounds  have  been  applied,  including  a  statement  of  the  number 
of  public  lots  sold  or  remaining  unsold  each  year,  of  the  condition  of 
the  public  buildings  and  grounds,  and  of  the  measures  necessary  to  be 
taken  for  the  care  and  preservation  of  all  public  property  under  his 
charge. 

Second.  A  report  of  the  condition,  progress,  repairs,  casualties, 
and  expenditures  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  and  other  public 
works  under  his  charge. 

*  *  * 

Sec  1817.  Certain  electrical  apparatus  in  the  Capitol  subject  to  control  and  super- 
vision of  the  Architect  of  the  Capitol  and  the  Chief  of  Engineers  in  charge  of  public 
buildings  and  grounds. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1819.  Laws  and  regulations  for  the  preservation  of  peace  in  Washington  City 
to  extend  to  Capitol  square  when  requested  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers  in  charge  of 
public  buildings  and  grounds. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction 
of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Department  of  War.  .  .  .  And  all 
agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render 


THE    COEPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  517 

their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  depart- 
ment for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject, 
nevertheless,  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the 
Treasury.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3480.  Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the  United  States 
which  accrued  or  existed  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this  not 
to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3732.  No  contract  or  purchase  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made  unless  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  is  under  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec  3747.  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits  of  returns, 
etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4653.  The  President  shall  appoint  .  .  .  two  officers  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  .  .  .  together  with  .  .  . 
and  an  officer  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  as  secretaries,  who  shall 
constitute  the  Light-House  Board. 

#  #  # 

Sec.  4663.  Whenever  preliminary  surve3^s  are  required  to  ascertain 
the  necessity  for  any  light-house,  light-ship,  beacon,  or  other  warning 
to  vessels,  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  cause  .  .  . 
those  on  the  Northwestern  Lakes  to  be  made  under  the  direction  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers.     .     .     . 

Sec.  4664.  The  President  shall  cause  to  be  detailed  from  the 
Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army  from  time  to  time  such  officers  as  may 
be  necessary  to  superintend  the  construction  and  renovation  of  light- 
houses. 

Sec.  4665.  The  Light-House  Board  shall  cause  to  be  prepared  by 
the  engineer  secretary  of  the  board,  or  by  such  officers  of  Engineers 
of  the  Army  as  may  be  detailed  for  that  service,  all  plans,  drawings, 
specifications,  and  estimates  of  cost  of  all  illuminating  and  other  appa- 
ratus, and  of  construction  and  repair  of  towers,  buildings,  etc.,  con- 
nected with  the  Light-House  Establishment.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4671.  An  officer  of  the  Army  .  .  .  shall  be  assigned  to 
each  district  as  a  light-house  inspector,  subject  to  the  orders  of  the 
Light-House  Board,  and  shall  receive  for  such  service  the  same  pay 
and  emoluments  that  he  would  be  entitled  to  by  law  for  the  perform- 
ance of  duty  in  the  regular  line  of  his  profession,  and  no  other,  except 
the  legal  allowance  per  mile  when  traveling  under  orders  connected 
with  his  duties. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4679.  No  additional  salary  allowed  to  any  officer  of  the  Army  on  account  of 
his  being  employed  on  the  Light-House  Board. 

Sec.  4680.  Members  of  the  Light-House  Board  or  inspectors  forbidden  to  be  inter- 
ested, directly  or  indirectly,  in  any  contract  for  labor,  materials,  or  supplies  for  the 
Light-House  Service. 


518       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

Sec.  4684.  The  President  .  .  .  shall  cause  to  be  employed  as 
many  officers  of  the  Army  ...  of  the  United  States  as  will  be 
compatible  with  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  work  of  coast  sur- 
vey; .  .  .  the  officers  of  the  Army  to  be  employed  on  the  topo- 
graphical part  of  the  work;  and  no  officer  of  the  Army  .  .  .  shall 
receive  any  extra  pay  out  of  any  appropriations  for  surveys. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4687.  Officers  of  the  Army  .  .  .  shall,  as  far  as  practi- 
cable, be  employed  in  the  work  of  surveying  the  coast  of  the  United 
States  whenever  and  in  the  manner  required  by  the  Department  hav- 
ing charge  thereof. 

Sec.  4688.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  make  such  allowances 
to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Army  .  .  .  while  employed  on  coast 
survey  service,  for  subsistence,  in  addition  to  their  compensation,  as 
he  may  deem  necessary,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5253.  The  Chief  of  Engineers  may,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  employ  such  civil  engineers,  not  exceeding  five  in 
number,  for  the  purpose  of  executing  the  surveys  and  improvements 
of  Western  and  Northwestern  rivers  ordered  by  Congress,  as  may  be 
necessary  to  the  proper  and  diligent  prosecution  of  the  same;  and  the 
persons  so  emploj^ed  may  be  allowed  a  reasonable  compensation  for 
their  services,  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  three  thousand  dollars  a  year. 


STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

June  11,  1878  (20-102) . — An  engineer  officer  to  be  detailed,  from  time  to  time,  as 
one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Resolution  of  June  20,  1879  {21  Stats.,  51). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  relating  to  a  bridge  across  the  Detroit  River  at  or  near  Detroit, 

Michigan. 

Whereas  recent  progress  in  the  art  has  shown  the  practicability  of 
constructing  bridges  having  spans  of  five  hundred  feet  or  possibly 
more:  Therefore, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  War 
is  hereby  authorized  and  required  to  convene  a  board  of  officers  of  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  inquire  into 
and  report  whether,  for  railroad  purposes,  the  river  Detroit  can  be 
bridged  or  tunneled  at  the  city  of  Detroit,  or  within  one  mile  above 
or  below  said  city,  in  such  manner  as  to  accommodate  the  large  trade 
and  commerce  crossing  the  river  at  that  point  and  without  material 
or  undue  injury  to  the  navigation  of  said  river  a  good  and  sufficient 
tug  being  always  kept  by  the  bridge  owners  to  assist  any  craft  when 
required. 

Act  of  June  29,  1879  {21  Stats.,  37). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  "Mississippi  River  Commission"  for 
the  improvement  of  said  river  from  the  Head  of  the  Passes  near  its  mouth  to  its 
head  waters. 

That  a  commission  is  hereby  created,  to  be  called  "The  Mississippi 
River  Commission,"  to  consist  of  seven  members. 

Sec.  2.  The  President  of  the  United  States  shall,  by  and  with  the 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  519 

advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  appoint  seven  commissioners,  three 
of  whom  shall  be  selected  from  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army, 
.  .  .  And  any  vacancy  which  may  occur  in  the  commission  shall 
in  like  manner  be  tilled  by  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and  he 
shall  designate  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  from  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  Army  to  be  president  of  the  commission.  The  commis- 
sioners appointed  from  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army  .  . 
shall  receive  no  other  pay  or  compensation  than  is  now  allowed  them 
by  law,  .  .  .  and  the  commissioners  appointed  under  this  act 
shall  remain  in  office  subject  to  removal  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  3.  .  .  .  The  Secretary  of  War  shall,  when  requested  by 
said  commission,  detail  from  the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Arnry  such 
officers  and  men  as  may  be  necessary,     .     .     . 

•X-  *  * 

Sec.  6.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  detail  from  the  Engineer  Corps 
of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  an  officer  to  act  as  secretary  of  said 

commisssion. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  June  30,  1879  (21  Stats.,  45). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  filling  vacancies  in  the  office  of  Chief  of  Engineers,  United 

States  Army. 

That  so  much  of  the  act  of  June  tenth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy -two,  chapter  four  hundred  and  twenty -six,  volume  seventeen, 
page  three  hundred  and  eighty -two,  Statutes  at  Large,  as  prohibits 
promotion  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  above  the  rank  of  colonel,  and 
all  other  acts  prohibiting  said  promotion,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby, 
repealed. 

June,  14,  1880  {21-180). — A  board  of  engineers  to  be  convened  to  determine  upon 
a  plan  for  constructing  an  ice  harbor  at  St.  Louis;  an  officer  of  engineers  to  prepare 
a  plan  for  the  improvement  of  the  harbor  at  Kewaunee,  Wis. 

March  3,  1881  {21-468). — One  engineer  officer  to  be  detailed  as  member  of  a  board 
to  examine  all  inventions  of  heavy  ordnance,  and  improvements  of  heavy  ordnance, 
and  projectiles  that  may  be  presented  to  them. 

July  1,  1882  {22-135). — Operations  of  the  water  department  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia to  be  under  direction  of  the  Engineer  Commissioner. 

August  2,  1882  {22-191) . — A  board  of  officers  of  engineers  to  examine  the  Calumet 
River,  111.,  with  a  view  to  its  improvement;  skillful  engineers  to  survey  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal  for  purpose  of  enlarging  the  same;  no  surveys  to  be  made  of 
rivers  and  narbors  until  the  Chief  of  Engineers  has  reported  that  the  work  of  im- 
provement is  a  public  necessity. 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  531). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation?)  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-four,  and  for  other  purposes. 


STATE,  WAR,    AND   NAVY    DEPARTMENT   BUILDING. 

The  President  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  designate  from 
the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  Army  or  the  Nav}r  an  officer  well  qualified  for 
the  purpose,  who  shall  be  detailed  to  act  as  superintendent  of  the 
completed  portions  of  the  State,  War,  and  Navy  Department  building, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretaries  of  State,  War,  and  Navy,    .    .    . 


520       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  July  5,  1884,  i?3  Stats.,  133). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  construction,  repair,  and  preservation  of 
certain  public  works  on  rivers  and  harbors,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

That  a  commission  to  be  called  the  Missouri  River  Commission  is 
hereby  created,  to  consist  of  five  members. 

That  the  President  shall  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  appoint  five  commissioners,  three  of  whom  shall 
be  selected  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army  .  .  .  ;  and 
he  shall  in  like  manner  fill  any  vacancy  in  said  commission;  and  he 
shall  designate  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  from  the  Corps  of 
Engineers  to  be  president  of  the  commission.  The  commissioners 
appointed  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  receive  no  other  pay  or 
compensation  than  is  allowed  them  by  law  ...  ;  and  all  said  com- 
missioners shall  remain  in  office  subject  to  removal  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States. 

That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  and 
directed  ...  to  detail  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers  such  officers 
and  men  as  may  be  necessary,     .     .     . 

That  .  .  .  the  Secretary  of  War  may  detail  from  the  Corps  of 
Engineers     ...     an  officer  to  act  as  secretary  of  the  commission, 


Act  of  March  3,  1885  {23  Stats.,  Ifilj). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defence,  and  for 
the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-six,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  -3C*  * 

And  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  appoint  a  board,  of 
which  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  be  a  member  and  president,  to  be 
composed  of  two  officers  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  .  .  .  which  board 
shall  examine  and  report  at  what  ports  fortifications  or  other  defences 
are  most  urgently  required,  the  character  and  kind  of  defences  best 
adapted  for  each,  with  reference  to  armament,  the  utilization  of  tor- 
pedoes, mines,  or  other  defensive  appliances,     .     .     . 

For  the  purchase  of  movable  submarine  torpedoes  propelled  and 
controlled  by  power  operated  and  transmitted  from  shore  stations  as 
may  be  recommended  by  the  Board  of  Engineers  of  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

July  20,  1886  {24-147). — One  or  more  engineer  officers  to  supervise  construction  of 
a  bridge  across  the  west  channel  of  the  Detroit  River  at  Detroit. 

Act  of  August  5,  1886  (&£  Stats.,  310). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  construction,  repair,  and  preservation  of 
certain  public  works  on  rivers  and  harbors,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  and  directed  to  appoint  a  board 
of  three  engineers  from  the  United  States  Army,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  examine,  in  all  their  relations  to  commerce,  the  Sturgeon  Bay 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  521 

and  Lake  Michigan  Ship  Canal,  connecting  the  waters  of  Green  Bay 
with  Lake  Michigan,  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  with  a  view  to  making 
the  same  a  free  passageway  and  harbor  of  refuge,  to  consider  their 
value,  and  all  other  matters  connected  with  their  usefulness  to  naviga- 
tion, and  which  shall  give  information  as  to  the  expediency  of  the 
work  and  the  desirability  of  their  acquisition  and  improvement.  The 
said  board  shall  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall  la}-  its  report 
before  Congress  at  its  next  session,  together  with  the  views  of  himself 
and  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army  thereon;  .  .  . 
*  *  * 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  ascertain 
the  value  and  commercial  importance  of  the  works  and  property  of  the 
Green  and  Barren  River  Navigation  Company,  situated  in  the  Green 
and  Barren  rivers,  in  the  State  of  Kentucky,  and  of  the  Monongahela 
Navigation  Company,  situated  on  the  Monongahela  River,  in  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania;  and  in  order  to  acquire  such  information  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  shall  appoint  a  board  of  three  competent  engineers  from 
the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  United  States  Army,  which  board  shall  in 
each  case  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  and  directed  to  appoint  a  board 
of  three  engineers  from  the  United  States  Army,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  examine,  in  all  their  relations  to  commerce,  the  two  improved 
waterways  known  as  the  Portage  Lake  and  River  Improvement  Corn- 
pan}7  Canal  and  the  Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Railway  and  Iron 
Company  Canal,  being  the  improved  harbors  of  refuge  and  the  water 
communication  across  Keweenaw  Point  from  Keweenaw  Bay  to  Lake 
Superior,  by  way  of  Portage  River  and  Lake,  in  the  State  of  Michi- 
gan, with  a  view  to  making  the  same  a  free  passageway  and  harbor  of 
refuge,  to  consider  their  value,  and  all  other  matters  connected  with 
their  usefulness  to  navigation,  and  which  shall  give  information  as  to 
the  expediency  of  the  work  and  the  desirability  of  their  acquisition 
and  improvement.  The  said  board  shall  report  to  the  Secretary  of 
War,  who  shall  lay  its  report  before  Congress  at  its  next  session, 
together  with  the  views  of  himself  and  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the 
United  States  Army  thereon;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  and  directed  to  appoint  a  board 
of  three  engineers  from  the  United  States  Army,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  examine,  in  all  their  relations  to  commerce,  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal  and  the  proposed  Hennepin  Canal,  to  consider  their 
value,  and  all  other  matters  connected  with  their  usefulness  to  naviga- 
tion, and  shall  report  upon  the  acquisition  and  improvement  of  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  and  the  construction  of  the  Hennepin 
Canal.  The  said  board  shall  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall 
lay  its  report  before  Congress  at  its  next  session,  together  with  the 
views  of  himself  and  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States 
Army  thereon;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  .  .  .  Provided,  That  no  survey  shall  be  made  of  any 
harbors  or  rivers  until  the  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  have  directed  a 
preliminary  examination  of  the  same  by  the  local  engineer  in  charge 
of  the  district,  or  an  engineer  detailed  for  the  purpose;  and  such  local 


522       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

or  detailed  engineer  shall  report  to  said  Chief  of  Engineers  whether, 
in  his  opinion,  said  harbor  or  river  is  worthy  of  improvement,  and 
shall  state  in  such  report  fully  and  particularly  the  facts  and  reasons 
on  which  he  bases  such  opinion,  including  the  present  and  prospective 
demands  of  commerce;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chief  of  Engi 
neers  to  direct  the  making  of  such  survey  if  in  his  opinion,  the  harbor 
or  river  proposed  to  be  surveyed  be  worthy  of  improvement  bjT  the 
General  Government;  and  he  shall  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War 
the  facts  and  what  public  necessity  or  convenience  may  be  subserved 
thereby,  together  with  the  full  reports  of  the  local  engineer.  .  .  . 
*  *  * 

March  3,  1887  (24-472). — Board  of  engineer  officers  to  examine  map  and  drawings 
for  bridge  across  the  Great  Kanawha  River  in  West  Virginia. 

Resolution  of  March  5,  1888  {25  Stats.,  618). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  appoint  a  board  of  three 
engineers  to  examine  and  report  in  relation  to  the  Delaware  River  between  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and  Camden,  New  Jersey,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
immediately  appoint  a  board  of  three  engineers  from  the  United  States 
Army,  whose  duty  is  shall  be  to  examine,  in  all  their  relations  to  com- 
merce, the  islands  known  as  Smiths  Island,  Windmill  Island,  and 
Petty s  Island,  in  the  Delaware  River,  between  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  city  of  Camden,  in  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  which  board  shall  forthwith  report  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  as  to  whether  said  islands,  or  any  shoal  in  the  said  river  between 
or  adjacent  to  the  said  islands  or  any  of  them,  constitute  an  obstruction 
to  the  commerce  of  the  Delaware  River  or  to  the  passage  of  vessels 
between  the  said  States,  and  with  a  view  to  removing  said  islands 
and  shoals  to  report  a  plan,  with  the  estimate  of  cost  for  their  removal, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  and  for  the  improvement  of  the  harbor  of  the  port 
of  Philadelphia,  including  the  probable  cost  to  the  Government  of  said 
islands,  so  as  to  secure  free  and  uninterrupted  commerce  upon  the  said 
Delaware  River,  and  the  unobstructed  passage  of  vessels  to  and  from 
and  between  the  said  States;     .     .     . 

May  24,  1888  (25-155). — This  resolution  authorizes  the  detail  of  an  officer  of  the 
Engineer  Corps,  in  cooperation  with  the  Maumee  Valley  Monumental  Association, 
to  examine  and  inspect  the  enumerated  historic  grounds,  location,  and  military 
works.     Survey  and  full  report  to  be  made  to  Congress. 

June  19,  1888  (25-195). — Three  engineer  officers  to  examine  location  of  proposed 
bridge  across  the  Mississippi  River  at  Hickman,  Ky. 

August  11,  1888  (25-400). — Board  of  three  engineers  to  examine  plans  for  improve- 
ment of  Winyard  Bay,  South  Carolina,  and  harbor  of  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  and  har- 
bor at  Key  West,  Fla. .  and  to  examine  obstructions  to  navigation  at  certain  points 
in  the  Columbia  River;  Chief  of  Engineers  to  direct  preliminary  surveys  of  rivers  and 
harbors  if  deemed  by  hir  ■  worthy  of  improvement. 

Act  of  September  22,  1888  (25  Stats.,  487). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defense,  for  the 
armament  thereof,  for  the  procurement  of  heavy  ordnance  for  trial  and  service, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  appropriations  hereinafter  provided  for  shall  be  available 
until  expended,  and  shall  be  expended  under  the  direct  supervision  of 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  52S 

a  board  to  consist  of  ...  an  officer  of  engineers,  ...  to 
be  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  called  and  known  as  the 
Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification;     .     .     . 


Act  of  October  2,  1888  (25  Stats.,  505). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  other 
purposes. 


BUILDING   FOR   THE   LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS. 


This  appropriation  and  all  appropriations  hereafter  made,  and  all 
sums  available  from  appropriations  heretofore  made  for  this  purpose, 
shall  be  expended  under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Chief  of 
Engineers  of  the  Army,  who  shall  have  the  control  and  management 
of  all  of  said  work  and  the  employment  of  all  persons  connected  there- 
with. And  all  contracts  for  the  construction  of  said  building,  or  any 
part  thereof,  shall  be  made  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army; 
.  .  .  and  the  duties  of  said  commission  under  said  act  are  hereby 
devolved  upon  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  who  shall  annually 
report  to  Congress,  at  the  commencement  of  each  session,  a  detailed 
statement  of  all  the  proceedings  under  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
.  .  .  :  Provided,  That  before  any  further  contracts  are  let  for  the 
construction  of  said  building,  general  plans  for  the  entire  construction 
thereof  shall  be  prepared  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of 
Engineers  of  the  Army,  which  plans  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection 
and  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior:     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

October  19,  1888  [25-632). — Authorizes  the  Secretary  of  War  to  use  so  much  of 
unexpended  balance  of  appropriation  for  the  Washington  Aqueduct  tunnel  in  District 
of  Columbia  as  may  be  necessary  to  protect  and  preserve  the  work  already  done  upon 
that  tunnel. 

February  23,  1899  (25-690). — One  or  more  engineer  officers  to  survey  a  national 
road  from  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  to  Mount  Vernon. 

Act  of  March  2,  1889  (25  Stats.,  905). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  prior 
years,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Water  supply,  District  of  Columbia. — To  enable  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  cause  to  be  constructed  and  put  in  operation  a  forty-eight-inch 
cast-iron  main  from  the  present  distributing  reservoir  above  George- 
town, ...  to  connect  with  the  present  forty-eight-inch  main 
from  the  new  reservoir  at  R  and  Fourth  streets  .  .  .  The  said 
work  shall  be  done  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  in 
the  shortest  practicable  time.     .     .     . 


524       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

April  19,  1890  {26-671). — Board  of  engineers  to  report  on  practicability  and  cost 
of  tunneling  the  Detroit  River  near  Detroit,  Mich. 

July  11,  1890  {26-268). — Board  of  engineers  to  take  testimony  relative  to  clear 
height  of  North  River  Bridge,  New  York,  above  ordinary  high  water. 

August  18,  1890  {20-315). — An  officer  of  engineers,  not  below  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  be  a  member  of  a  board  to  inquire  into  the  facilities  for  producing  steel 
forgings  for  high-power  guns  at  or  near  the  Pacific  coast,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Rock 
Island  Arsenal,  the  Indianapolis  Arsenal,  and  at  some  point  on  or  near  the  Gulf 
coast;  also  as  to  the  advisability  of  erecting  at  those  points  gun  factories  for  finishing 
and  assembling  high-power  guns. 

Resolution  of  August  28,  1890  (26  Stats.,  678). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  extending  the  privilege  of  the  Library  of  Congress  to  the 
members  and  secretary  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and  the  Chief  of 
Engineers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army. 

That  the  Joint  Committee  of  Congress  on  the  Library  be  authorized 
to  extend  the  use  of  the  books  in  the  Library  of  Congress  to  .  .  . 
the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States  Army, 
resident  in  Washington,  on  the  same  conditions  and  restrictions  as  mem- 
bers of  Congress  are  allowed  to  use  the  Library. 

September  19,  1890  {26-426). — Boards  of  three  engineer  officers  to  determine  best 
location  for  a  deep-water  harbor  between  Points  Duma  and  Capistrans,  on  the  Pacific 
coast;  to  report  on  reduced  project,  etc.,  for  harbor  of  refuge  at  Port  Orford,  Oreg. ; 
to  survey  most  feasible  location  for  a  ship  canal  to  connect  Lakes  Union,  Washing- 
ton, and  Samamish  with  Puget  Sound ;  to  examine  the  obstructions  to  navigation  in 
the  Hudson  River. 

Act  of  September  27,  1890  (26  Stats.,  492). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  establishing  of  a  public  park  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army,  the 
Engineer  Commissioner  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  .  .  .  be,  and 
they  are  hereby,  created  a  commission  to  select  the  land  for  said  park, 
of  the  quantity  and  within  the  limits  aforesaid,  and  to  have  the  same 
surveyed  by  the  assistant  to  the  said  Engineer  Commissioner  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  in  charge  of  public  highways,  which  said  assist- 
ant shall  also  act  as  executive  officer  of  the  said  commission. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  public  park  authorized  and  established  by  this  act 
shall  be  under  the  joint  control  of  the  .  .  .  Chief  of  Engineers  of 
the  United  States  Army,     .     .     . 

September  30,  1890  {26-554)- — Board  of  three  engineer  officers  to  determine  in  a 
given  contingency  whether  the  use  of  the  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  basin  by 
Messrs.  Byrne  and  Speed  is  prejudicial  to  the  canal  or  its  use. 

Resolution  of  December  24,  1890  (26  Stats.,  1113). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  defining  a  quorum  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  for  other  purposes. 

.  .  .  Hereafter  such  Engineer  Commissioner  may,  in  the  discre- 
tion of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  be  detailed  from  among  the 
captains  or  officers  of  higher  grade  having  served  at  least  fifteen  years 
in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 


THE    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  525 

February  9,  1891  {26-740). — Safe  deep  harbor  on  the  coast  of  Texas,  to  be  inspected 
by  Army  engineers. 

July  IS,  1892  (27-88). — Board  of  five  engineer  officers  to  carefully  examine  for  a 
proposed  deep-water  harbor  at  San  Pedro  or  Santa  Monica  bays,  California;  board  of 
seven  engineer  officers  to  report  on  removal  of  obstructions  to  navigation  in  the 
Columbia  River;  Chief  of  Engineers  to  submit,  with  his  views,  reports  of  local  and 
division  engineers  having  made  preliminary  examinations  of  rivers  and  harbors 
authorized  by  this  act. 

Act  of  July  27,  1892  (27  Stats.,  276). 

AN  ACT  amending  the  act  of  October  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  entitled 
"An  act  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army  and  to  regu- 
late promotions  therein." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  examination  of  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers 
.  .  .  who  were  officers  or  enlisted  men  in  the  regular  or  volunteer 
service,  either  in  the  Army,  Navy,  or  the  Marine  Corps,  during  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  shall  be  conducted  hj  boards  composed  in  the 
same  manner  as  for  the  examination  of  other  officers  of  their  respective 
corps  and  department;  and  the  examination  shall  embrace  the  same 
subjects  prescribed  for  all  other  officers  of  similar  grades  in  the  Corps 
of  Engineers,     .     .     .     respectively. 

July  27,  1892  (27-281). — An  engineer  officer  to  be  detailed  to  examine  and  report 
upon  work  for  the  improvement  of  the  outer  bar  of  Brunswick,  Ga.  (This  provision 
is  repeated  in  act  of  March  1,  1893  (27-529). 

August  5,  1$92  (27-349). — Brig.  Gen.  T.  L.  Casey  to  continue  in  charge  of  building 
for  the  Library  of  Congress,  whether  on  the  active  or  the  retired  list  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  March  1,  1893  (27  Stats.,  507). 

AN  ACT  to  create  the  California  Debris  Commission  and  regulate  hydraulic  mining 

in  the  State  of  California. 

That  a  commission  is  hereby  created,  to  be  known  as  the  California 
Debris  Commission,  consisting  of  three  members.  The  President  of 
the  United  States  shall,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Sen- 
ate, appoint  the  commission  from  officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army.  Vacancies  occurring  therein  snail  be  tilled  in 
like  manner.  It  shall  have  the  authority  and  exercise  the  powers 
hereinafter  set  forth,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers 
and  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  commission  shall  organize  within  thirty  days  after 
its  appointment  by  the  selection  of  such  officers  as  may  be  required  in 
the  performance  of  its  duties,  the  same  to  be  selected  from  trie  mem- 
bers thereof.  The  members  of  said  commission  shall  receive  no 
greater  compensation  than  is  now  allowed  by  law  to  each,  respectively, 
as  an  officer  of  said  Corps  of  Engineers. 

*  *  * 

March  1,  1893  (27-529). — An  officer  of  Engineers  to  examine  and  report  upon 
improvement  of  the  outer  bar  of  Brunswick,  Georgia. 

March  2,  1898  (27-532). — Chief  of  Engineers  to  be  a  member  of  the  commission 
created  for  supervision  of  permanent  system  of  highways  in  District  of  Columbia, 
outside  of  cities. 

September  7,  1898  (28-2).— Repairs  to  the  old  Ford's  Theater  to  be  made  under 
direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 


526      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  29,  1894.  (28  Stats.,  p). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  making  of  property  returns  by  officers  of  the  Government. 

That  instead  of  forwarding  to  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treas- 
ury Department  returns  of  public  property  intrusted  to  the  possession 
of  officers  or  agents,  .  .  .  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  .  .  .  shall 
certify  to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the  Treasury  Department, 
for  debiting  on  the  proper  account,  any  charge  against  any  officer  or 
agent  intrusted  with  the  public  property,  arising  from  any  loss,  accru- 
ing by  his  fault,  to  the  Government  as  to  the  property  so  intrusted  to 

him. 

*  *  * 

June  27,  1894  {28-586). — Commission  of  three  engineer  officers  to  report,  upon  cost 
of  deepening  the  harbors  of  Superior  and  Duluth. 

August  6,  1894  {28-233). — Purchases,  not  exceeding  $200,  may  be  made  in  open 
market. 

August  18,  1894  {28-338). — Two  officers  of  engineers  to  be  members  of  a  board  to 
certify  correctness  of  accounts  for  improving  outer  bar  of  Brunswick,  Ga.;  Chief  of 
Engineers  and  one  officer  of  his  corps  to  be  members  of  a  board  to  determine  the 
most  feasible  route  for  construction  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal;  board 
of  three  engineer  officers  to  survey  canal  routes  from  Lake  Erie  to  the  Ohio  River 
and  report  to  Congress  at  its  next  session.  Resolution  of  December  24, 1894  (28-967) 
authorizes  delay  of  report  until  the  first  session  of  the  next  Congress. 

March  2,  1895  {28-744)- — Improvement  of  the  Dalecarlia  receiving  reservoir  to  be 
under  Col.  G.  H.  Elliott  notwithstanding  his  retirement,  and  in  the  event  of  his 
death,  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

March  2, 1895  {28-910) . — Board  of  three  engineer  officers  to  examine  bar  of  Yaquina 
Bay,  Oregon;  one  officer  of  engineers  to  be  member  of  a  board  to  ascertain  feasibility 
and  cost  of  constructing  and  completing  the  Nicaraguan  Canal ;  officer  in  charge  of 
building  for  the  Library  of  Congress  to  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  his  grade 
on  the  active  list;  fireproof  building  for  the  Government  printing  office  to  be  con- 
structed by  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

June  3,  1896  {29-202) . — One  officer  of  engineers  to  be  member  of  a  board  to  report 
on  improvements  by  Brazos  River  Channel  and  Dock  Company;  boards  of  three 
engineer  officers  each  to  report  on  dike  between  Reedy  Island  and  Liston's Point, 
Pa. ;  to  submit  plans  for  the  improvement  of  the  Sacrar  >ento  and  Feather  rivers, 
California. 

March  3, 1897  {29-685) . — Board  of  three  engineer  officers  to  report  on  plan  and  loca- 
tion of  a  bridge  over  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

June  4,  1897  {30-11). — Boards  of  three  engineer  officers  each  to  survey  and  deter- 
mine routes  and  cost  of  deep  waterways  between  the  great  lakes  and  the  Atlantic 
tide  waters;  to  examine  improvements  at  Aransas  Pass,  Tex.  Chief  of  Engineers 
to  make  the  surveys,  etc.,  for  a  memorial  bridge  from  Washington  City  to  Arlington. 

February  17,  1898  {30-735). — Board  of  three  engineer  officers  to  survey  and 
report  upon  practicability  of  a  navigable  channel  throughout  southwest  pass  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

April  11,  1898  {30-737). — Incases  of  emergency,  temporary  forts  or  fortifications 
may  be  constructed  upon  written  consent  of  the  owner  of  the  land  on  which  such 
work  is  to  be  placed. 

Act  of  April  22,  1898  (30  Stats.,  361). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  the  staff  of  the  commander  of  an  army  corps  shall 
consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  engineer,  .  .  .  who  shall  have 
.  .  .  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  .  .  .  The  staff  of  the  com- 
mander of  a  division  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  one  chief  engineer, 
.     .     .     who  shall  have    .     .     .     the  rank  of  major.     .     .     . 


THK    CORPS    OF    ENGINEERS.  527 

Act  of  April  26,  1898  {30  Stats.,  364). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  line  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  upon  a  declaration  of  war  by  Congress,  or  a  declaration 
of  Congress  that  war  exists,  the  enlisted  strength  of  a  company  .  .  . 
may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  be  increased  to  comprise  not 
exceeding: 

For  each  company  of  engineers:  one  first  sergeant,  ten  sergeants, 
ten  corporals,  two  musicians,  sixty-four  first-class  privates,  sixtj^-three 
second-class  privates;  total  enlisted,  one  hundred  and  fifty.     .     .     . 

»  *  * 

May  11,  1898  (30-405). — Not  to  exceed  three  officers  of  engineers  may  hold  volun- 
teer commissions  at  the  same  time  in  any  one  of  the  three  regiments  of  engineers 
authorized;  all  officers  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  and  with  the  consent  of  the 
Senate. 

June  28,  1898  (80-519). — Chief  of  Engineers  to  be  a  member  of  the  commission  to 
examine  plat  of  readjustment  of  highways  in  District  of  Columbia  outside  of  cities. 

June  29,  1898  (30-522). — One  officer  of  engineers  to  be  member  of  board  to  deter- 
mine width  of  draw  or  pivot  span  in  bridge  across  Niagara  river;  one  or  more  engi- 
neer officers  to  be  constituted  a  board  to  personally  supervise  construction  of  said 
bridge. 

Act  of  July  5,  1898  (30  Stats.,  652). 

AN  ACT  relative  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army. 

That  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter  consist  of 
one  Chief  of  Engineers,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  seven 
colonels,  fourteen  lieutenant-colonels,  twenty-eight  majors,  thirty -five 
captains,  thirty  first  lieutenants,  twelve  second  lieutenants,  and  the 
battalion  of  engineers:  Provided,  That  the  vacancies  created  by  this 
act  in  all  grades  above  second  lieutenant  shall  be  filled  by  the  promotion 
by  seniority  of  the  officers  now  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers:  And  pro- 
vided further,  That  the  number  of  officers  in  any  grade  above  second 
lieutenant  shall  not  be  increased  beyond  the  number  heretofore  estab- 
lished by  law  by  the  promotion  of  any  officer  to  fill  an  original  vacancy 
created  by  this  act  until  such  officer  shall  have  served  at  least  three 
years  in  the  grade  from  which  he  is  promoted,  and  the  captains  and 
lieutenants  snail  have  satisfactorily  passed  the  examinations  required 
by  existing  laws. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  shall  consist  of     .     .     .     a  Corps  of  Engineers.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  ...  Corps  of  Engineers  .  .  .  shall  con- 
sist of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  now  provided  by  law:  Provided, 
That  the  battalion  of  engineers,  and  the  officers  serving  therewith, 
shall  constitute  a  part  of  the  line  of  the  Army.     .     .     . 


528       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  13.  .  .  .  And  provided  also,  That  any  officer  now  in  the 
Army  who  was  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  and  who  is  not  now  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  may 
be  appointed  to  the  Corps  of  Engineers  with  the  same  grade  and  date 
of  commission  that  he  would  have  if  he  had  been  appointed  to  the 
Corps  of  Engineers  on  graduation;  but  said  commission  shall  not 
entitle  an  officer  to  any  back  pay  or  allowance. 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1899  {30-1074)- — Government  Printing  Office  to  be  erected  under  super- 
vision of  Chief  of  Engineers.  Appropriation  for  the  repair  of  the  house  in  which 
Abraham  Lincoln  died,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

March  3,  1899  (30-1131). — Boards  of  engineer  officers  to  report  upon  respective 
routes  from  Miami,  Fla.,  to  the  sea;  to  report  on  channel  through  southwest  pass  of 
the  Mississippi  River;  to  investigate  proposed  improvement  of  YaquinaBay,  Oregon; 
to  examine  project  of  improvement  of  Delaware  River  from  Trenton  to  its  mouth;  to 
reexamine  channel  through  Sabine  Lake;  to  examine  the  Arkansas  River  with  a  view 
to  its  improvement;  to  survey  and  estimate  cost  of  improving  the  Illinois  and  Des 
Plaines  rivers;  engineers  to  make  full  investigation  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  Chief 
of  Engineers,  in  his  annual  reports,  to  state  what  deterioration  has  taken  place  in 
works  of  river  and  harbor  improvement. 

March  3,  1899  (30-1372). — Authorizes  the  commission,  of  which  the  officer  in 
charge  of  public  buildings  and  grounds  shall  be  a  member,  to  erect  upon  Mount  Ver- 
non square,  in  Washington  City,  a  building  for  the  use  of  the  Washington  Public 
Library. 

February  9,  1900  (31-  .) — Engineer  member  of  deep  waterways  commission  to 
receive  difference  between  his  army  pay  and  the  compensation  of  the  other  members 
of  the  commission. 

June  6,  1900  (31-  ). — Appropriations  by  this  act  for  emergencies  in  river  and 
harbor  works,  etc.,  to  be  expended  under  the  supervision  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers; 
no  allotment  to  be  made  unless  recommended  by  him. 

Board  of  engineers,  heretofore  appointed  to  survey  the  upper  Illinois  and  lower 
Des  Plaines  rivers,  to  report  an  estimate  for  channels  10, 12  and  14  feet  deep  through 
proposed  route  including  connection  at  Lockport  with  the  sanitary  and  ship  canal;  to 
report  also  the  cost  for  the  improvement  of  the  lower  Illinois  River  for  channels  of 
similar  depths. 

An  engineer  officer  to  be  member  of  a  board  to  make  plans  and  estimates  for 
improvement  of  a  harbor  at  the  island  of  Guam. 

June  6,  1900  (31-  ). — Chief  of  Engineers  to  have  the  employment  of  all  persons 
connected  with  the  plans  for  extending  the  Executive  Mansion;  to  make  an  examina- 
tion of  plans  for  park  improvements  in  Washington  City;  road  extensions  and 
improvements,  etc.,  in  Yellowstone  National  Park  to  be  made  under  a  general  plan 
approved  by  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

Improvement  of  the  Missouri  River  from  its  mouth  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  be  done 
according  to  plans,  etc.,  of  the  Missouri  River  Commission,  and  approved  by  the 
Chief  of  Engineers. 

Act  of  February  0,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States    .    .    .    shall  consist  of    ...    a  Corps  of  Engineers,    .    .    . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  the  enlisted  force  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  con- 
sist of  one  band  and  three  battalions  of  engineers.  The  engineers 
band  shall  be  organized  as  now  provided  by  law  for  bands  of  infantry 
regiments.  Each  battalion  of  engineers  shall  consist  of  one  sergeant- 
major,  one  quartermaster-sergeant,  and  four  companies.  Each  com- 
pany of  engineers  shall  consist  of  one  first  sergeant,  one  quartermaster- 
sergeant,   with  the   rank,   pay,   and  allowances  of    sergeant,   eight 


THE    CORPS    OF   ENGINEERS.  529 

sergeants,  ten  corporals,  two  musicians,  two  cooks,  thirty-eight  first- 
class  and  thirtv-eight  second-class  privates:  Provided,  That  the  Presi- 
dent may,  in  his  discretion,  increase  the  number  of  sergeants  in  any 
company  of  engineers  to  twelve,  the  number  of  corporals  to  eighteen, 
the  number  of  first-class  privates  to  sixty-four,  and  the  number  of 
second-class  privates  to  sixty-four,  but  the  total  number  of  enlisted 
men  authorized  for  the  whole  Army  shall  not,  at  any  time,  be  exceeded: 
Andpromded,  That  officers  detailed  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers  to 
serve  as  battalion  adjutants  and  battalion  quartermasters  and  commis- 
saries shall,  while  so  serving,  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  herein 
authorized  for  battalion  staff  officers  of  infantry  regiments. 

*  -X-  * 

Sec.  22.  That  the  Corps  of  Engineers  shall  consist  of  one  Chief  of 
Engineers  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  seven  colonels,  four- 
teen lieutenant-colonels,  twenty-eight  majors,  forty  captains,  forty 
first  lieutenants,  and  thirty  second  lieutenants.  The  enlisted  force 
provided  in  section  eleven  of  this  act  and  the  officers  serving  there- 
with shall  constitute  a  part  of  the  line  of  the  Army:  Provided,  That 
the  Chief  of  Engineers  shall  be  selected  as  now  provided  by  law,  and 
hereafter  vacancies  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  in  all  other  grades  above 
that  of  second  lieutenant  shall  be  filled,  as  far  as  possible,  by  promo- 
tion according  to  seniority  from  the  Corps  of  Engineers:  And  pro- 
vided also,  That  vacancies  remaining  in  the  grades  of  first  and  second 
lieutenant  may  be  filled  by  transfer  of  officers  of  the  Regular  Army, 
subject  to  such  professional  examination  as  may  be  approved  by  the 
Secretary  of  War.  Vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  not 
filled  by  transfer  shall  be  left  for  future  promotions  from  the  Corps 
of  Cadets  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  amr  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 

S.  Doc.  229 34 


X.-THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 


531 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 


May  27, 1775,  Congress  appointed  a  committee  to  consider  ways  and 
means  to  supply  the  colonies  with  ammunition  and  military  stores,  and 
the  British  Government  having  prohibited  the  exportation  of  arms 
and  ammunition  to  any  of  the  plantations  the  Congress  authorized  the 
exportation  of  produce  in  all  vessels  importing  munitions  of  war. 

While,  July  16,  1776,  a  Commissioner  of  Artillery  Stores  was 
appointed  (April  11,  1777,  styled  Commissioner-General  of  Military 
Stores)  the  business  of  procuring  arms  and  ammunition  was  conducted 
by  a  secret  committee  and  the  Board  of  War. 

The  act  of  April  2,  1794,  authorized  the  President  to  appoint  an  offi- 
cer whose  duty,  under  the  Department  of  War,  was  to  superintend  the 
receiving,  safe-keeping,  and  distribution  of  military  stores. 

The  Ordnance  Department  was  first  established  under  the  act  of  May 
14, 1812.  It  was  not  provided  for  in  the  reduction  of  the  Army  March 
3, 1815;  but  the  act  of  April  24,  1816,  provided  that  it  be  continued  as 
organized  under  the  act  of  February  8, 1815. 

By  the  act  of  March  2, 1821,  the  Ordnance  Department,  as  an  independ- 
ent bureau,  was  abolished  and  merged  in  the  artillery.  The  President 
was  authorized  to  select  such  artillery  officers  as  might  be  necessary  to 
perform  ordnance  duties,  and  to  each  regiment  of  that  arm  one  super 
numerary  captain  was  attached  for  ordnance  duty.  The  provision  of 
that  law  making  the  artillery  officers  subject  only  to  the  orders  of  the 
War  Department  while  on  ordnance  duty  was  almost  tantamount  to 
preserving  the  independence  of  the  bureau,  and  must  be  regarded  as  a 
manifestation  by  Congress  of  a  want  of  confidence  in  the  success  of  the 
scheme.  The  law  was  passed  in  the  interests  of  economy,  simplicity  of 
organization,  and  thoroughness  of  instruction.  Mr.  Secretary  Calhoun, 
who  strongly  advocated  the  measure,  said: 

By  uniting  the  three  corps  of  the  ordnance,  light  artillery,  and  artillery  in  one, 
appointing  one  general  staff  at  the  head  of  it,  and  making  its  officers  pass  in  rotation 
through  the  three  services,  the  organization  of  the  Army  will  be  rendered  more 
simple  and  the  instruction  of  the  officers  much  more  complete. 

Experience,  however,  proved  that  neither  interest  was  at  all  sub- 
served. After  eleven  years'  trial  the  experiment  proved  a  failure,  and 
was  so  acknowledged  by  the  ablest  generals  of  the  Army  and  the  most 
distinguished  public  men  of  the  country,  including  Mr.  Calhoun  himself. 
Accordingly  the  Department  was  reorganized  on  an  independent  footing 
by  the  act  of  April  5, 1832. 

Commissary  of  Artillery  Stores. 

Aug.  17,1775. — Mr.  Ezekiel  Cheever. 

July  16, 177<i. — Benjamin  Flower,  esq.  (Pennsylvania),  for  the  flying  camp. 

Jan.   18, 1777.— Maj.  Samuel  French. 

533 


534      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Feb.     1, 1777.— Mr.  St.  George  Peale,  for  Maryland. 

Feb.     1, 1777.— Maj.  Jonathan  Gostelow. 

Feb.     5, 1777.— Maj.  Joseph  Watkins. 

Mar.    8, 1777. — Maj.  Charles  Lukens. 

Sept.  17, 1782. — Richard  Frothingham,  for  the  main  army. 

Inspector- General  of  Ordnance  and  Military  Manufactories. 

Aug.  11, 1777. — Mons.  du  Coudray  (France). 

Commissary- General  of  Military  Stores. 

July  16, 1776. — Benjamin  Flower,  esq.  (Pennsylvania). 
July  12,1781. — Samuel  Hodgdon  (Pennsylvania). 

Commissary-General  of  Ordnance. 

July     2, 1812. — Col.  Decius  Wadsworth  (Connecticut). 

Chief  of  Ordnance. 

Feb.     9, 1815.— Lieut.  Col.  (Col.  May  30,  1832)  George  Bomford  (New  York). 

Mar.  25, 1848.— Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  May  30,  1848)  George  Talcott  (New  York). 

July  10, 1851.— Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  Mar.  13, 1865)  Henry  K.  Craig  (Pennsylvania). 

Aug.  3, 1861.— Brig.  Gen.  (Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  Mar.  13,  1865)  James  W.  Ripley  (Con- 
necticut). 

Sept.  15, 1863.— Brig.  Gen.  (Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  Mar.  13, 1865)  George  D.  Ramsey  (District 
of  Columbia). 

Sept.  12, 1864.— Brig.  Gen.  (Bvt.  Maj.  Gen.  Mar.  13,  1865)  Alexander  B.  Dyer  (Mis- 
souri) . 

June  23, 1874.— Brig.  Gen.  Stephen  V.  Benet  (Florida). 

Jan.   23, 1891.— Brig.  Gen.  Daniel  W.  Flagler  (New  York) . 

Apr.     5, 1899. — Brig.  Gen.  Adelbert  R.  Buffington  (Virginia). 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

May  %7,  1775. 

Upon  motion,  agreed,  that  Mr.  Washington,  Mr.  Schuyler,  Mr. 
Mifflin,  Mr.  Deane,  Mr.  Morris,  and  Mr.  S.  Adams  be  a  committee  to 
consider  on  ways  and  means  to  supply  these  colonies  with  ammunition 
and  military  stores. 

June  10,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  towns  and  districts 
in  the  colonies  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island 
and  Providence  Plantations,  Connecticut,  New  York,  and  the  eastern 
division  of  New  Jersey,  to  collect  all  the  saltpetre  and  brimstone  of 
their  several  towns  and  districts,  and  transmit  the  same,  with  all  pos- 
sible dispatch,  to  the  provincial  convention  at  New  York. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  provincial  convention  of  the  colony 
of  New  York  to  have  the  powder  mills  in  that  colony  put  into  such  a 
condition  as  immediately  to  manufacture  into  gunpowder,  for  the  use 
of  the  continent,  whatever  materials  may  be  procured  in  the  manner 
above  directed. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  committees  of  the  western  division 
of  New  Jersey,  the  colonies  of  Pennsylvania,  lower  counties  on  Dela- 
ware and  Maryland,  that  they  without  delay  collect  the  saltpetre  and 
sulphur  in  their  respective  colonies,  and  transmit  the  same  for  the 
committee  of  the  city  and  liberties  of  Philadelphia,  to  the  end  that 
those  articles  may  be  immediately  manufactured  into  gunpowder  for 
the  use  of  the  continent. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  conventions  and  committees  of  the 
colonies  of  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  South  Carolina  that  they 
without  delay  collect  the  saltpetre  and  sulphur  in  their  respective  col- 
onies, and  procure  these  articles  to  be  manufactured,  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, into  gunpowder  for  the  use  of  the  continent. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  inhabitants  of  the  United 
Colonies  who  are  possessed  of  saltpetre  and  sulphur  for  their  own 
use  to  dispose  of  them  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  gunpowder. 

That  the  saltpetre  and  sulphur  collected  in  consequence  of  the  above 
r»  solves  of  Congress  he  paid  for  out  of  the  continental  fund. 

That  Mr.  Paine,  Mr.  Lee,  Mr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Schuyler,  and  Mr. 
.Johnson  be  a  committee  to  devise  ways  and  means  to  introduce  the 
manufacture  of  saltpetre  in  these  colonies. 

536 


536      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

July  15,  1775. 

Whereas  the  Government  of  Great  Britain  hath  prohibited  the 
exportation  of  arms  and  ammunition  to  any  of  the  plantations,  and 
endeavored  to  prevent  other  nations  from  supplying  us: 

Resolved,  That  for  the  better  furnishing  these  colonies  with  the 
necessary  means  of  defending  their  rights,  every  vessel  importing 
gunpowder,  saltpetre,  sulphur,  provided  they  bring  with  the  sulphur 
four  times  as  much  saltpetre,  brass  field  pieces,  or  good  muskets  fixed 
with  bayonets,  within  nine  months  from  the  date  of  this  resolution, 
shall  be  permitted  to  load  and  export  the  produce  of  these  colonies  to 
the  value  of  such  powder  and  stores  aforesaid,  the  nonexportation 
agreement  notwithstanding;  and  it  is  recommended  to  the  committees 
of  the  several  provinces  to  inspect  the  military  stores  so  imported, 
and  to  estimate  a  generous  price  for  the  same,  according  to  their  good- 
ness, and  permit  the  importer  of  such  powder  or  other  military  stores 
aforesaid  to  export  the  value  thereof,  and  no  more,  in  produce  of  any 
kind. 

July  19,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  appointment  of  ...  a  commissary  of  artil- 
lery be  left  to  General  Washington. 

July  29,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the     .     .     .     be     .     .     . 
Commissary  of  artillery,  thirty  dollars  per  do.  [month]. 

July  31,  1775. 

On  motion  made,  resolved,  that  Mr.  Langdon,  Mr.  J.  Adams,  Mr. 
Hopkins,  Mr.  Deane,  Mr.  Clinton,  Mr.  Crane,  Doctor  Franklin,  Mr. 
Rodney,  Mr.  Johnson,  Mr.  Henry,  Mr.  Hewes,  Mr.  Gadsden,  and  Mr. 
Hall  be  a  committee,  in  the  recess  of  Congress,  to  make  enquiry  in  all 
the  colonies  after  virgin  lead  and  leaden  ores,  and  the  best  methods  of 
collecting,  smelting,  and  refining  it. 

August  17,  1775. — "Mr.  Ezekiel  Cheever  is  appointed  commissary  of  artillery 
stores. ' '     ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

September  U,  1775. 

Ordered,  That  the  delegates  for  Pennsylvania  prepare  and  lay  before 
the  Congress  to-morrow  an  account  of  the  powder  belonging  to  the 
United  Colonies  received,  and  how  it  is  disposed  of;  also  an  account 
of  all  the  powder  now  in  this  city. 

.     September  18,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  secret  committee  be  appointed  to  contract  for  the 
importation  and  delivery  of  any  quantitj^  of  gunpowder,  not  exceed- 
ing five  hundred  tons. 

That  in  case  such  a  quantity  of  gunpowder  can  not  be  procured,  to 
contract  for  the  importation  of  so  much  saltpetre,  with  a  proportion- 
ate quantity  of  sulphur,  as  with  the  powder  procured  will  make  five 
hundred  tons. 


THK  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  537 

That  the  said  committee  be  empowered  to  contract  for  the  importa- 
tion of  forty  brass  field  pieces  (six-pounders),  for  10,000  stands  of  arms, 
and  20,000  good  plain  double  bridle  musket  locks. 

*  •  *  * 

That  the  said  committee  consist  of  nine  members,  any  five  of  whom 
to  be  a  quorum. 

The  members  chosen:  Mr.  Willing,  Mr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Livingston, 
Mr.  Alsop,  Mr.  Deane,  Mr.  Dickinson,  Mr.  Langdon,  Mr.  McKean, 
and  Mr.  Ward. 

October  5,  1775. 

It- solved,  That  a  letter  be  sent  to  General  Washington  to  inform 
him  that  Congress,  having  received  certain  intelligence  of  the  sailing 
of  two  north-country-built  brigs,  of  no  force,  from  England  on  the 
11th  of  August  last,  loaded  with  arms,  powder,  and  other  stores,  for 
Quebec,  without  convoy,  which  it  being  of  importance  to  intercept, 
desire  that  he  apply  to  the  council  of  Massachusetts  Bay  for  the  two 
armed  vessels  in  their  service,  and  despatch  the  same,  with  a  sufficient 
number  of  people,  stores,  etc. ,  particularly  a  number  of  oars,  in  order, 
if  possible,  to  intercept  the  said  two  brigs  and  their  cargoes  and  secure 
the  same  for  the  use  of  the  continent;  also  any  other  transports  laden 
with  ammunition  .  .  .  for  the  use  of  the  ministerial  army  or  navy 
in  America,  and  secure  them  in  the  most  convenient  places  for  the 
purpose  above  mentioned.     .     .     . 

November  4-,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  assemblies  or  con- 
ventions of  the  colonies,  respectively,  to  set  and  keep  their  gunsmiths 
at  work  to  manufacture  good  firelocks,  with  bayonets;  each  firelock 
to  be  made  with  a  good  bridle  lock,  three-quarters  of  an  inch  bore, 
and  of  good  substance  at  the  breech,  the  barrel  to  be  three  feet  eight 
inches  in  length,  the  bayonet  to  be  eighteen  inches  in  the  blade,  with 
a  steel  ramrod,  the  upper  loop  thereof  to  be  trumpet  mouthed;  that 
the  price  to  be  given  be  fixed  by  the  assembly  or  convention  or  com- 
mittee of  safety  of  each  colony,  and  that  until  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
good  arms  can  be  manufactured  they  import  as  many  as  are  wanted 
by  all  the  moans  in  their  power. 

Resolved*  That  the  good  arms  of  such  soldiers  as  leave  the  service 
be  retained  for  the  use  of  the  new  Army,  on  a  valuation  made  of  them. 

November  8,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  appointed  to  contract  for  the 
importation  of  urns,  ammunition,  etc.,  be  empowered  to  export  to  the 
foreign  West  Indies,  on  account  and  risque  of  the  continent,  as  much 
provision  or  any  other  produce  (except  horned  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and 
poultry^  as  they  may  deem  necessary  for  the  importation  of  arms. 
ammunition,  sulphur,  and  saltpetre 

November  8,  1775. — The  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  General  Schuyler  was 
instructed  to  advise  the  genera]  to  purchase  the  arms  of  sick  officers  and  soldiers  for 
the  use  of  those  who  had  none  or  had  ones. 

November  10,  1775. — The  assemblies,  conventions,  and  committees  of  safety  of  the 
thirteen  united  colonies  requested  to  appoint  persons  in  each  colony  to  employ  and 


538      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

set  to  work  as  many  persons  as  they  may  think  proper,  to  work  up  such  earth  as  is 
fit  for  making  saltpetre  and  collect  all  such  earth  and  composition  of  materials  as  are 
suitable  to  produce  saltpetre. 

November  11,  1775. — Congress  recommended  to  such  proprietors  of  tobacco  ware- 
houses and  tobacco  houses  in  Virginia  and  Maryland  as  can  not  speedily  have  the 
earth  of  the  floors  of  their  houses  worked  for  saltpetre  to  cause  those  floors  to  be 
dug  up  and  left  fine,  loose,  and  light,  at  least  six  inches  deep,  suffering  the  tobacco 
stalks  and  trashy  leaves  to  be  spread  thereon. 

November  18, 1775. — "  The  Commissary-General  to  order  all  the  horns  of  the  bullocks 
that  are  killed  for  the  use  of  the  Army  to  be  saved  and  sent  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General,  who  is  also  to  provide  as  many  as  he  can  get,  and  have  the  whole  made 
into  good  powder  horns  for  the  use  of  the  troops."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters, 
Cambridge. ) 

November  W,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  to  contract  for 
the  importation  of  an  hundred  tons  of  lead. 

January  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  goods  and  stores  ought  to  be  imported 
as  soon  as  possible  for  the  use  of  the  United  Colonies,  viz: 
*  *       •  * 

20,000  stand  of  arms. 
300  tons  of  lead. 
1,000,000  of  flints. 

1,500  boxes  of  tin,  and  wire  properly  sorted  for  it. 

$  #    -  4 

500  sheets  of  copper  of  different  sorts. 
Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
pursue  the  most  effectual  measures  for  importing  the  foregoing  articles. 

January  8,  1776. 

Information  being  given  to  Congress  that  about  fifty-seven  tons  of 
saltpetre  were  arrived  at  Philadelphia,  and  about  15  tons  of  powder  at 
New  York,  for  sale: 

Resolved, .  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  treat  for  the 
purchase  of  the  saltpetre,  and  enquire  how  it  may  be  most  speedily 
manufactured  into  powder,  and  report  to  Congress. 

January  15,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  make  an  estimate 
of  the  number  of  cannon  that  may  be  wanted  for  the  defense  of  the 
United  Colonies  and  to  devise  ways  and  means  for  procuring  them, 
and  that  it  be  an  instruction  to  said  committee  to  enquire  what  size 
cannon  can  be  cast  in  these  Colonies. 

The  members  chosen:  Mr.  Wisner,  Mr.  Hopkins,  Mr.  Rogers,  Mr. 
Allen,  and  Mr.  Paine. 

January  21,  1776. — "The  colonel  or  commanding  officer  of  each  regiment  is  forth- 
with to  send  out  one  or  two  prudent  and  sensible  officers  to  buy  up  such  arms  as  are 
wanted  for  his  regiment.  These  officers  to  be  also  good  judges  of  arms,  and  they  are 
directed  to  purchase  none  but  such  as  are  proper  and  in  the  best  repair,  and  if  pos- 
sible to  get  them  with  bayonets,  but  not  to  refuse  a  good  firelock  without. ' '  ( Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  539 

January  28, 1776. — ' '  The  colonels  or  commanding  officers  of  regiments  are  requested 
to  buy  any  good  arms  which  the  militia  may  voluntarily  incline  to  sell."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

February  3,  1776. — "All  arms  purchased  by  the  officers  sent  upon  that  duty  are  to 
be  first  delivered  to  Mr.  Commissary  Cheever  for  inspection,  who  is  to  report  their 
number  and  goodness  to  the  general  before  they  are  delivered  out  of  his  store." 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge. ) 

February  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  appointments  by  General  Schuyler  of 
Mr.  Hubbard  Brown  to  be  conductor  of  artillery,  .  .  .  Mr.  Peter 
Schuyler  to  take  charge  of  the  arms,  .  .  .  be  confirmed;  and  that 
General  Schuyler  be  desired  to  inform  Congress  of  the  proper  salaries 
to  be  annexed  to  these  offices. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  convention  or 
committee  of  safety  of  New  York  to  prosecute  the  discovery  of  the 
lead  mine  at  New  Canaan.     .     .     . 

February  20,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  two  hundred  and  fifty  twelve-pounders,  sixty  nine- 
pounders,  and  sixty-two  four-pounders  be  purchased  for  the  use  of 
these  Colonies; 

That  the  committee  on  ways  and  means  of  procuring  cannon  be 
empowered  to  purchase  or  contract  for  making  the  same; 

That  a  new  member  be  added  to  the  committee. 

The  member  chosen:  Mr.  W.  Livingston. 

February  23,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  contract  for  the 
making  of  muskets  and  bayonets  for  the  use  of  the  United  Colonies, 
and  to  consider  of  farther  ways  and  means  of  promoting  and  encourag- 
ing the  manufacture  of  firearms  in  all  parts  of  the  United  Colonies. 

The  members  chosen:  Mr.  Paine,  Mr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Huntington,  Mr. 
Lee,  and  Mr.  L.  Morris. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  empowered,  for  the  purpose 
of  procuring  arms  and  ammunition,  to  export  the  produce  of  these 
Colonies,  equal  to  the  amount  of  that  by  them  exported  in  two  vessels 
lately  taken  by  the  enemy. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  assemblies,  con- 
ventions, councils,  or  committees  of  safety,  and  committees  of  corre- 
spondence and  inspection  in  the  United  Colonies  to  exert  themselves 
in  devising  farther  ways  and  means  of  promoting  and  encouraging  the 
manufacture  of  saltpetre  and  of  introducing  that  manufacture  into 
private  families. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  assemblies  and  conventions  in  the 
United  Colonies  that  they  immediately  establish  public  works  in  each 
and  every  county  in  their  respective  colonies,  at  the  expense  of  such 
colonies,  for  the  manufacture  of  saltpetre,  and  appoint  committees  of 
their  own  members  immediately  to  set  up  such  manufactures; 


540       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  assemblies  and  conventions,  councils, 
or  committees  of  safety  of  every  colony  forthwith  to  erect  powder 
mills  in  their  respective  colonies,  and  appoint  committees  to  build  such 
mills  and  procure  persons  well  skilled  in  the  manufacture  of  powder, 
at  the  expense  of  such  colonies; 

That  a  committee  of  this  Congress,  to  consist  of  one  member  from 
each  colony,  be  appointed  to  consider  of  further  ways  and  means  of 
promoting  and  encouraging  the  manufactures  of  saltpetre,  sulphur, 
and  gunpowder  in  these  colonies,  and  to  correspond  with  the  several 
assemblies  and  conventions  and  councils  or  committees  of  safety  in 
the  several  colonies,  that  Congress  may  be  from  time  to  time  truly 
informed  of  the  progress  made  in  these  manufactures. 

The  members  chosen:  Mr.  Bartlett,  Mr.  Paine,  Mr.  Hopkins,  Mr. 
Huntington,  Mr.  L.  Morris,  Mr.  Sergeant,  Mr.  Humphreys,  Mr.  Read, 
Mr.  Paca,  Mr.  Braxton,  Mr.  Hewes,  Mr.  E.  Rutledge,  and  Mr.  Bullock. 

March  3,  1776. — "The  Quartermaster-General  may  draw  the  carbines  out  of  the 
commissary's  stores  and  put  them  into  the  hands  of  the  carpenters  or  such  others 
as  he  shall  think  will  use  them  to  the  best  advantage,  taking  care  to  return  them 
when  called  for.  All  arms  in  store  fit  for  use  may  be  delivered  out  to  the  Adjutant- 
General's  order."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

April  13,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  for  casting  cannon  be  directed  to 
contract  for  the  casting  of  forty  howitzers,  with  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  shells. 

April  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  an  immediate  supply  of  arms  ...  be  furnished 
for  the  troops  in  Virginia,  and  that  proper  persons  be  appointed  to 
procure  them,  subject  to  the  order  of  Congress  already  entered  into. 

May  U,  1776. 

Resolved,  That,  as  a  number  of  arms,  fit  for  use,  may  be  bought  from 
the  owners,  who  may  incline  to  sell  them,  General  Washington  be 
directed  to  employ  such  an  agent  as  he  has  proposed  to  go  into  the 
colonies  for  that  purpose. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  deliver  to  Colonel 
Jacob  Ford,  jr.,  three  tons  of  saltpetre  to  be  by  him  manufactured 
intc  gunpowder  for  the  use  of*  the  United  Colonies,  on  the  same  terms 
as  others  have  agreed  to  manufacture  it. 

*  *  * 

That  the  said  committee  be  directed  to  deliver  to  Colonel  Bird  200 
lbs.  of  powder  to  prove  the  cannon  he  is  making  for  the  United  Colo- 
nies. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  contract  for  the  making 
of  cannon  be  directed  to  employ  proper  persons  to  attend  and  see  the 
cannon  proved. 

May  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  it  [letter  from  Mr.  Langdon]  be  referred  to  the  com- 
mittee of  secret  correspondence  and  that  the  said  committee  be  directed 
to  apply  to  the  marine  committee  for  the  use  of  one  or  more  of  the 
continental  fleet;  and  that  they  send  the  same  to  the  French  West 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  541 

India  Islands,  in  order  to  procure,  if  possible,  a  number  of  muskets, 
not  exceeding  10,000. 

May  23,  1776. — From  a  resolve  of  this  date,  it  appears  that  a  continental  factory 
of  firearms  existed  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  a  gunlock  factory  at  Trenton,  N.  J. 

May  25,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  arms,  ammunition,  and  military  stores  taken  by 
the  armed  schooner  Franklin,  or  any  other  of  the  armed  vessels  in 
the  pay  of  the  United  Colonies,  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  general  or 
Commander  in  Chief  of  the  American  forces. 

June  3,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  general  assembly  of  the  colony  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  the  governor  and  assembly  of  the  colony  of  Con- 
necticut, the  conventions  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  the  sev- 
eral conventions  of  such  other  of  the  United  Colonies,  in  which  there 
are  any  lead  mines,  be  requested  to  transmit  to  Congress,  with  all  con- 
venient dispatch,  the  state  and  condition  of  the  lead  mines  in  their 
respective  colonies,  and  use  the  most  speedy  means  to  procure  their 
being  wrought  to  effect. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  authorized  to 
form  and  fix  such  magazines  of  .  .  .  military  stores  as  he  may 
judge  necessary. 

June  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  committee  appointed  to  contract  for 
cannon  be  directed  to  procure  a  number  of  brass  or  iron  field  pieces, 
to  be  made  or  purchased  immediately. 

June  25,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  contract  for  making 
muskets  be  directed  to  consider  the  propriety  of  granting  a  bounty, 
or  other  means,  for  encouraging  the  making  of  muskets. 

July  1>,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  to  employ  such  a 
number  of  persons  as  they  shall  find  necessary  to  manufacture  flints 
for  the  Continent;  and,  for  this  purpose,  to  apply  to  the  respective 
assemblies,  conventions,  and  councils,  or  committee  of  safety  of  the 
United  American  States,  or  committees  of  inspection  of  the  counties 
and  towns  thereunto  belonging,  for  the  names  and  places  of  abode  of 
persons  skilled  in  the  manufactory  aforesaid,  and  of  the  places  in  their 
respective  States  where  the  best  flint  stones  are  to  be  obtained,  with 
samples  of  the  same. 

July  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  John  Coburn,  who  has  acted  as  an  assistant  con- 
ductor of  military  stores  in  Canada,  and  has  produced  certificates  of 
his  having  done  his  duty  in  that  station,  be  allowed  lieutenant's  pay 
from  the  first  day  of  March  to  the  first  day  of  June  last. 


542       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

July  16,  1776. 

The  Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary  of  military 
stores  for  the  flying  camp;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Benjamin  Flower,  esq.,  was  elected. 

July  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  contract  for  the  making 
cannon  be  empowered  to  contract  with  Messrs.  Hughes  for  one  thou- 
sand tons  of  cannon  on  the  terms  by  them  proposed. 

August  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  cannon  committee  be  directed  to  contract  for  the 
immediate  casting  of  six  6-pounders,  six  12-pounders,  four  8-inch 
howitzers,  four  6-inch  howitzers,  and  6  cohorn  mortars,  to  be  made  of 
brass,  if  a  sufficient  quantity  of  that  metal  can  be  procured;  if  not,  to 
be  cast  of  iron,  and  sent  as  soon  as  possible  to  General  Gates  for  the 
use  of  the  northern  army,  and  that  the  said  committee  provide  also 
carriages  and  everything  necessary  to  complete  the  said  artillery  for 
service. 

August  28,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  an  inspector  or  inspectors  sufficiently  quali- 
fied to  judge  the  goodness  of  gunpowder,  who  shall  examine  every 
cask  of  gunpowder  manufactured  or  to  be  purchased  on  account  of  the 
United  States,  by  the  most  approved  method  of  ascertaining  the  quality 
of  gunpowder;  that  said  inspector  or  inspectors  to  receive  one-eighth 
part  of  a  dollar  for  every  hundredweight  of  powder  he  or  they  shall 
so  examine; 

That  no  gunpowder  be  received  into  the  public  magazine  for  the  use 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  or  delivered  from  the  powder  mills 
fort  hat  purpose,  but  such  as  has  been  approved  by  the  public  inspector 
as  to  its  quickness  in  firing,  strength,  dryness,  and  other  necessary 
qualities; 

That  the  inspector  mark  each  cask  approved  with  the  letters  U.  S.  A. , 
and  such  other  marks  as  are  necessary  to  distinguish  the  several  sorts 
of  powder; 

That  every  maker  of  gunpowder  mark  every  cask  in  which  he  shall 
pack  his  gunpowder  with  the  first  letters  of  his  name; 

That  gunpowder  be  put  into  no  casks  but  such  as  are  well  seasoned 
and  dry; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the  several  States  of 
America  to  cause  suitable  inspectors  to  be  appointed  to  examine  and 
determine  the  quality  of  all  gunpowder  manufactured  within  their 
jurisdiction,  and  that  no  person  be  allowed  to  vend  any  gunpowder 
manufactured  in  any  of  the  States  of  America  unless  the  same,  in  the 
judgment  of  such  inspector,  shall  be  of  sufficient  quality,  and  to  make 
sucn  laws  for  executing  this  or  any  other  regulations  for  promoting 
the  manufacture  of  good  gunpowder  as  to  them  may  seem  most  con- 
venient. 

Congress  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  an  inspector  of  gunpowder; 
and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Robert  Towers  was  chosen. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT  543 

September  18,  1776. 

*  * 

Ordered,  That  the  secret  committee  furnish  the  said  committee 
[appointed  to  contract  for  casting  cannon]  with  two  barrels  of  powder 
for  proving  cannon. 

September  20,  1776. 

Ordered,  That  Mr.  Paine  write  to  Governor  Trumbull  respecting  the 
practicability  of  enlarging  the  furnace  at  Salisbury  for  casting  heavy 
cannon  there,  and  request  his  opinion  concerning  the  same. 

September  27,  1776. 

Ordered,  That  the  secret  committee  deliver  to  the  board  of  war  the 
care  and  custody  of  all  arms,  ammunition,  and  other  warlike  stores 
now  under  their  care  or  that  may  hereafter  be  imported  or  purchased 
by  them  for  account  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

October  21,  1776. 

The  secret  committee  having  informed  Congress  that  a  vessel  was 
arrived  in  New  Hampshire  with  a  cargo  on  account  of  the  Continent, 
among  which  was  a  quantity  of  flints,  it  was  thereon 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  order  30,000  of 
the  said  flints  to  General  Schuyler,  for  the  use  of  the  army  in  the 
Northern  Department,  and  the  remainder  to  General  Washington,  for 
the  use  of  the  army  under  his  immediate  command. 

October  22,  1776. 

The  secret  committee  reported  that  the  cargo  lately  arrived  at 
Portsmouth  in  the  brig  Marquis  of  Kildare,  Captain  Palmer,  consists 
of  the  following  articles,  viz,  .  .  .  250  small  arms,  100,000  flints, 
.     .     .     and  10  tons  of  lead;  whereupon, 

Resolved,    .     .     .    That  60,000  flints  be  sent  to  General  Washington; 

That  38,000  flints,  150  small  arms,  .  .  .  and  8  tons  of  lead  be 
sent  to  the  northern  army,  under  General  Schuyler  and  General  Gates. 

November  1>,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  assemblies  or  con- 
ventions of  the  colonies,  respectively,  to  set  and  keep  their  gunsmiths 
at  work  to  manufacture  good  firelocks,  with  bayonets,  each  firelock 
be  made  with  a  good  bridle  lock,  three-quarters  of  an  inch  bore,  and 
of  good  .substance  at  the  breech,  the  barrel  to  be  three  feet  8  inches  in 
length,  the  bayonet  to  be  18  inches  in  the  blade,  with  a  steel  ramrod, 
the  upper  loop  thereof  to  be  trumpet-mouthed;  that  the  price  to  be 
given  to  be  fixed  by  the  assembly  or  convention  or  committee  of  each 
Colon}-,  and  that  until  a  sufficient  quantity  of  good  arms  can  be  manu- 
factured they  import  a-  many  as  are  wanted  by  all  the  means  in  their 
power. 


544      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.  ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  the  good  arms  of  such  soldiers  as  leave  the  service 
be  retained  for  the  use  of  the  new  army,  on  a  valuation  made  of  them. 

November  19,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  100  tbree-pounders,  50  six- pounders,  50  twelve- 
pounders,  13  eighteen-pounders,  and  13  twenty-four-pounders,  all  of 
brass,  be  immediately  provided  as  field  artillery  for  the  use  of  the 
armies  of  the  United  States; 

That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  take  the  most  effectual  meas- 
ures for  procuring  the  said  brass  artillery;  that  the  said  committee 
confer  with  the  committee  for  procuring  cannon  and  consult  with  them 
how  many  they  can  provide; 

That  this  matter  be  kept  as  secret  as  the  nature  of  the  business  will 
admit. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  some  proper  person  be  appointed  to  act  in 
the  capacity  of  armorer  to  assist  the  commissary  of  [military]  stores 
in  inspecting,  superintending  repairs,  and  taking  care  of  all  the  Conti- 
nental arms  in  the  public  magazine  at  Philadelphia. 

November  19,  1776. — Congress  desired  Pennsylvania  and  the  States  south  to  lay  up 
military  stores,  ammunition,  etc. 

November  26, 1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  cannon  committee  be  directed  to  enquire  what 
quantity  of  cannon  are  on  board  the  prize  ship  that  arrived  yesterday 
in  the  port  of  Philadelphia,  and  if  they  are  fit  for  field  artillery  to  take 
measures  to  have  them  mounted  on  proper  carriages  and  sent  to 
General  Washington. 

November  28, 1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  letter  be  sent  to  Governor  Trumbull,  desiring  him 
to  order  20  cannon,  carrying  shot  of  18  pounds  weight,  to  be  cast  at 
Salisbury  furnace;     .     .     . 

That  skillful  persons  be  sent  to  examine  the  Salisbury  and  Mr. 
Livingston's  founderies;  and  if  it  be  found  that  a  sufficient  number  of 
cannon  may  be  cast  there,  that  proper  artificers  be  forthwith  emplojed 
in  the  work,  an  agreement  being  first  made  with  Governor  Trumbull 
and  Mr.  Livingston  for  that  purpose. 

November  28,  1776. — A  plan  for  an  artillery  yard  was  referred  to  a  committee  com- 
posed of  Messrs.  R.  H.  Lee,  Paine,  and  Middleton. 

November  29, 1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  secret  committee  be  directed  to  provide,  as  soon 
as  may  be,  arms     .     .     .     for  3,000  horse. 

December  2,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  governor  and  council  of 
Virginia  to  take  the  most  effectual  measures  for  purchasing  and  col- 
lecting, for  Continental  use,  all  the  copper  and  other  materials  fit  for 
casting  brass  field  artillery  that  can  be  got  in  that  State,  and  the  Con- 
gress will  defray  the  cost  and  expense  of  the  same. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  545 

December  12,  1776. — Owing  to  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  Congress  ordered  that 
the  arms  and  ammunition  in  and  near  Philadelphia  be  put  under  control  of  General 
Putnam,  who  was  charged  with  the  defense  of  the  city. 

December  U,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  two  other  magazines  of  ammunition,  in  addition  to 
that  agreed  on  the  21st,  be  formed,  one  in  the  Eastern  States  and  one 
in  the  Southern  States. 

Ordered,  That  the  Delegates  of  the  Eastern  States  confer  together, 
and  also  those  of  the  Southern  States,  and  fix  upon  proper  places,  and 
report  to  Congress  on  Thursday  next. 

December  30,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  General  Schuyler,  or  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
northern  arm}',  be  directed  to  cause  an  elaboratory  to  be  erected  at 
such  place  as  he  shall  judge  most  convenient,  to  fix  all  the  necessary 
ammunition  for  the  ensuing  campaign. 

January  11^,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Messrs.  Morris,  Clymer,  and  Walton  be  directed, 
with  all  possible  dispatch,  to  procure  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  or 
New  Jersey,  and  send  to  Albany,  three  tons  of  steel  and  five  tons  of 
nail  rods  for  the  use  of  the  Army  in  the  Northern  Department. 

January  %%,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Thomas  Butler  be  appointed  public  armorer, 
and  that  he  immediately  repair  to  the  city  of  Philadelphia  to  superin- 
tend the  said  business  agreeably  to  the  resolve  of  the  19th  of  November; 

That  he  be  allowed  3  dollars  a  day  for  his  pay  and  subsistence. 

January  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  commissary  of  military  stores,  to  be 
appointed  to  take, charge  and  care  of  the  Continental  stores  in  Mary- 
land, be  40  dollars  per  month. 

February  1,  1777. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary  of  military  stores 
in  Maryland;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Mr.  Saint  George  Peale  was  elected. 

February  U,  1777. 

RrHoliud,  That  Mr.  K.  T.  Paine  be  empowered  and  directed  to  con- 
tract with  Colonel  Gridley  for  forty  8-inch  iron  howitzers,  upon  terms 
that  he  shall  judge  reasonable.     .     .     . 

February  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  States  be  requested  to  take  the  most  effec- 
tual steps  for  immediately  collecting  from  the  inhabitants  not  in  actual 
service  all  Continental  arms  and  give  notice  of  the  number  they  shall 
collect  to  General  Washington; 

S.  Doc.  229 35 


546       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

That  all  arms  and  accoutrements  belonging  to  the  United  States  be 
stamped  or  marked  with  the  words  United  States;  all  arms  already 
made  to  be  stamped  upon  such  parts  as  will  receive  the  impression,  and 
those  hereafter  to  be  manufactured  to  be  stamped  with  the  said  words 
on  every  part  composing  the  stand,  and  all  arms  and  accoutrements  so 
stamped  or  marked  shall  be  taken  whenever  found  for  the  use  of  the 
States,  except  they  shall  be  in  the  hands  of  those  actually  in  Conti- 
nental service; 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the  several  States  to 
enact  proper  laws  for  the  punishment  of  those  who  shall  unlawfully 
take,  secrete,  refuse,  or  neglect  to  deliver  any  Continental  arms  or 
accoutrements  which  they  may  have  in  their  possession. 

March  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  Mr.  Nathaniel  Barber,  jr.,  deputy  com- 
missary of  artillery  in  the  Eastern  Department,  be  53  dollars  and  ^ 
per  month,  and  three  rations  a  day. 

March  22,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  to  contract  with  Mr. 
Wheeler  for  a  number  of  cannon  of  the  new  construction,  invented  by 
the  said  Wheeler. 

'  March  31,  1777. 

Congress  having  received  advice  that  the  ship  Mercury  of  Nantz  is 
arrived  at  Portsmouth,  in  New  Hampshire,  with  a  cargo  for  the  United 
States,  consisting  of  11,987  fusees,  1,000  barrels  of  powder,  11,000 
gunflints,     .     .     . 

Ordered,  That  5,000  of  the  arms  be  delivered  to  the  order  of  the 
council  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  for  the  purpose  of  arming  the  troops 
raised  in  that  State  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States;     .     .     . 

Ordei'ed,  That  15  tons  of  the  powder  be  delivered  to  the  order  of  the 
council  of  Massachusetts  Bay,     .     .     . 

Ordered,  That  the  secret  committee  deliver  the  remainder  of  the 
powder,  arms,  and  flints  to  the  order  of  the  Board  of  War,     .     .     . 

April  2,  1777. 

Ordered,  That  a  copy  of  the  letter  this  day  received  from  General 
Washington  be  sent  to  the  council  of  Penns\ivania  and  to  the  gov- 
ernors of  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  and  that  Governor 
Johnson,  of  Maryland  be  requested  to  give  orders  for  the  immediate 
removal  of  the  powder  and  military  stores  at  Annapolis  to  the  town  of 
Frederick,  in  Maryland,  and  the  powder  and  military  stores  at  Balti- 
more to  the  town  of  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania,  and  take  measures  to 
have  this  done  with  all  possible  expedition. 

April  9,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores  be 
directed  immediately  to  furnish  as  many  rifles,  not  exceeding  1,000, 
to  be  sent  to  Fort  Pitt,  as  he  can  procure,     .     .     . 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  547 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  good  people  of  the  States 
to  furnish  the  Commissary -General  of  Military  Stores  with  all  such 
articles  he  may  want  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  at  a  reasonable  price; 
and  that  the  several  legislatures  or  executive  powers  of  the  States  be 
desired  to  exempt  from  military  duty  all  persons  in  the  militia  who 
are  or  shall  be  employed  in  casting  shot  and  manufacturing  military 
stores  of  every  species  while  such  persons  shall  be  employed  in  the  said 
service. 

April  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Colonel  Flower,  Commissary-General  of 
Military  Stores,  be  empowered  to  purchase  200  rifles  and  their  accou- 
trements, to  be  sent  to  Fort  Pitt. 

April  IJh  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolution  passed  the  27th  [24th]  of  December 
last,  for  erecting  a  magazine  and  laboratory  in  the  town  of  Brookfield, 
in  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  be  repealed;  and  that,  instead 
thereof,  a  magazine  sufficient  to  contain  10,000  stand  of  arms  and  200 
tons  of  gunpowder,  and  laboratory  adjacent  thereto,  be  erected  in 
Springfield,  in  the  said  State. 

May  3,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  John  Belton  be  authorized  and  appointed  to  super- 
intend and  direct  the  making  or  altering  100  muskets  on  the  construc- 
tion exhibited  by  him  and  called  "the  new  improved  gun,"  and  that 
he  receive  a  reasonable  compensation  for  his  trouble  and  be  allowed 
all  just  and  necessary  expenses. 

June  20,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Board  of  War  may  order  the  commissary 
of  hides  to  deliver  to  the  commissary  of  military  stores  so  much  of  the 
leather  in  his  hands  as  may  be  necessary  for  making  accoutrements, 
etc. ,  for  the  Army     .     .     . 

That  the  secret  committee  .  .  .  import  from  the  Spanish  West 
Indies  such  a  quantity  of  dried  hides  as  they  may  judge  necessary 
for    .     .     .     public  uses. 

July  23,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  contract  for  the  casting 
of  cannon  be  directed  to  deliver  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  all 
the  contracts  they  have  made,  .  .  .  and  that  they  be  discharged 
from  proceeding  farther  in  that  business;  and  that  the  Board  of  War 
and  Ordnance  be  vested  with  the  powers  granted  to  the  aforesaid  com- 
mittee, and  that  they  be  directed  to  attend  to  the  execution  of  the  said 
contracts,,  and  to  take  such  measures  as  they  shall  judge  proper  and 
effectual  for  procuring  a  proper  supply  of  cannon  for  the  land  .  .  . 
service    .     .     . 

July  28,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  empowered  to  purchase  such 
powder  and  military  stores  offered  for  sale  in  any  of  these  States  as 
they  may  judge  necessary  for  the  public  service. 


548       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  8,  1777. 

It  having  been  represented  to  Congress  that  Darby  Lux,  Anson 
Butler,  Nicholas  Haite,  Thomas  James,  and  Nathaniel  Owings,  of 
Baltimore  County,  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  gentlemen,  have  in  com- 
pany undertaken  to  open  a  lead  mine  and  to  erect  works  for  smelting 
the  ore,  and  that  the  inhabitants  in  the  neighborhood  have  refused  to 
permit  them  to  proceed  in  the  prosecution  of  their  design  without 
credentials  from  Congress  that  they  are  friends  to  the  United  States, 
and  it  appearing  to  Congress,  by  the  representation  of  the  governor 
and  delegates  of  Maryland,  that  the  said  gentlemen  are  faithful  friends 
to  the  American  cause, 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  inhabitants  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  lead  mine  aforesaid  to  permit  the  same  to  be  worked 
by  the  above  gentlemen,  and  to  give  them  every  encouragement  in  the 
prosecution  of  a  work  of  such  public  utility  and  from  which  a  supply 
of  lead  may  be  drawn  for  the  service  of  these  States. 

August  11,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Mons.  du  Coudray  be  appointed  inspector-general  of 
ordnance  and  military  manufactories,  with  the  rank  of  major-general. 

August  26,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  supreme  executive  council  of  Pennsylvania  be 
requested  to  order  all  the  leaden  spouts  in  Philadelphia  to  be  taken 
down  for  the  use  of  the  laboratory. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  supreme  executive  council 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  cause  a  diligent  search  to  be  made  in 
the  houses  of  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  who  have 
not  manifested  their  attachment  to  the  American  cause,  for  firearms, 
swords,  and  bayonets;  that  the  owners  of  the  arms  so  found  be  paid 
for  them  at  an  appraised  value,  and  that  they  be  delivered  to  sucn  of 
the  militia  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  who  are  at  present  unarmed 
and  have  been  called  into  the  field. 

September  16,  1777. — The  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores  was  ordered  to 
remove  to  Bethlehem,  or  some  other  place  of  safety,  the  stores  belonging  to  his 
department  ordered  to,  or  deposited  in,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

September  18,  1777. — Colonel  Flower  submitted  a  list  of  all  the  officers,  etc.,  in  the 
department  of  the  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores,  and  Congress  granted 
them  commissions. 

September  <27 ,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  cooperate  with 
General  Washington  in  devising  and  carrying  into  execution  effectual 
measures  for  supplying  the  Army  with  firearms  .  .  .  and  other 
necessaries,  and  that  in  executing  this  business  these  collections  be  con- 
fined, as  much  as  circumstances  will  admit,  to  persons  of  dissatisfied 
and  equivocal  characters. 

October  6,  1777. — "  Buckshot  are  to  be  put  into  all  the  cartridges  which  shall  here- 
after be  made."     (Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Perkiomy.) 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  549 

October  SO,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  government  of  the  State  of  Connecticut  be 
requested  to  permit  the  workmen  at  Salisbury  iron  works  to  cast 
mortars  for  continental  use  of  such  calibres  and  in  such  numbers  as 
shall  be  directed  by  Brigadier-General  Knox,  and  that  he  be  informed 
of  this  resolution,  and  desired  to  write  to  Governor  Trumbull  on  the 
subject. 

That  a  letter  be  written  by  the  Board  of  War  to  the  government  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  representing,  in  the  strongest  terms,  the  great 
want  of  lead  and  the  absolute  necessity  there  is  for  providing  season- 
able resources  of  that  article;  that  it  be  therefore  earnestly  recom- 
mended to  the  said  government  forthwith  to  take  measures  for  having 
the  lead  mines  in  that  State  worked;  and  that,  in  case  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  labourers  can  not  be  procured  for  that  purpose,  the  commissary- 
general  of  prisoners  be  directed  to  furnish  a  competent  number  of 
prisoners  or  war  for  that  end. 

November  11, 1777. 

Ordered,  That  commissions  be  granted  to  the  following  persons  in 
the  department  of  the  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores,  with 
the  dates  annexed  to  their  respective  names,  agreeably  to  the  said 
list,  viz: 

Of  the  company  to  work  in  the  laboratory,  enlisted  to  serve  during 
the  war  as  artillerymen:  Isaac  Cowan,  captain,  February  the  1st,  1777; 
Will.  E.  Godfrey,  captain -lieutenant,  March  the  1st,  1777;  Andrew 
Caldwell,  second  lieutenant,  April  the  1st,  1777. 

Of  the  company  of  artillery  artificers,  enlisted  during  the  war,  to 
be  attached  to  the  artillery  in  the  field:  Jesse  Roe,  captain,  February 
the  3rd,  1777;  Valentine  Hoffman,  captain-lieutenant,  February  the 
12th,  1777;  Christian  Beackly,  first  lieutenant,  February  the  3rd,  1777; 
and  Will  Preston,  second  lieutenant,  April  7, 1777. 

Of  the  companies  of  artillery  artificers,  enlisted  to  serve  for  one 
year,  and  ordered  to  be  reenlisted  to  serve  during  the  war:  Nathaniel 
Irish,  captain,  February  7th,  1777;  Thomas  Wylie,  captain-lieutenant, 
February  17th,  1777;  George  Norris,  first  lieutenant,  February  8th, 
1777;  James  Sweiney,  second  lieutenant,  February  22d,  1777;  David 
Pancoast,  captain,  February  10th,  1777;  John  Jordan,  captain-lieuten- 
ant. February  17th,  1777;  James  Gibson,  first  lieutenant,  February 
17th,  1777. 

Jonathan  Gostelow,  major,  commissary  of  military  stores,  February 
1st,  1777;  Joseph  Watkins,  major,  commissary  of  ordnance  stores, 
February  5th,  1777;  Wollory  Meng,  captain,  superintendent  of  leather 
manufactory,  April  1st,  1777;  Samuel  Sergeant,  superintendent  of  the 

Eublic  works  at  Carlisle,  and  keeper  of  all  the  stores,  August,  1777; 
is  pay,  60  dollars  a  month  and  4  rations  a  day. 
Charles  Lukcns,  major,  commissary  of  military  stores  and  paymas- 
ter to  the  commissary-general  of  military  stores  in  the  department 
at  Carlisle,  March  8th,  1777,  his  pay  60  dollars  a  month  and  4  rations 
a  day. 

Johnson  Smith,  contractor  and  procurer  of  all  the  lumber  and  some 
other  materials  wanted  for  the  public;  works  at  Carlisle,  July  21st,  1777; 
pay,  60  dollars  a  month  and  3  rations  a  day. 


550       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Cornelius  Sweers,  assistant  commissary  of  military  stores  at  Phila- 
delphia, February  1st,  1777. 

Alexander  Power,  quartermaster  to  the  corps  of  artillery  artificers 
at  Carlisle,  July  30th,  1777;  same  pay  and  rations  as  regimental  quar- 
termaster. 

Samuel  French,  major,  commissary  of  military  stores,  January  18th, 
1777,  with  the  Army. 

George  Everson,  captain,  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores, 
January  18th,  1777. 

Alexander  Henderson,  captain,  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores, 
September  10th,  1777. 

November  22,  1777. — In  view  of  the  difficulty  of  purchasing  any  stores  at  reasonable 
prices,  the  several  States  were  invited  to  adopt  and  enforce  a  temporary  regulation 
of  prices. 

December  21,  1777. — "The  General  congratulates  the  Army  on  the  arrival  of  a 
French  ship  at  Portsmouth,  with  48  brass  cannon  (4-pounders,  with  carriages  com- 
plete), 19  9-inch  mortars,  2,500  9-inch  bombs,  2,000  4-pound  balls,  intrenching  tools, 
4,100  stands  of  arms,  a  quantity  of  powder,  and  61,051  pounds  of  sulphur."  {Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Valley  Forge.) 

January  15,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  authorized  to  direct  Colonel 
Flower  to  make  a  contract  with  Mr.  Whitehead  Humphreys,  on  the 
terms  of  the  former  agreement,  or  such  other  as  Colonel  Flower  shall 
deem  equitable,  for  making  a  quantity  of  steel  for  the  supply  of  the 
continental  artificers  and  works  with  that  necessary  article;  and  as 
the  iron  made  at  the  Andover  works  only  will  with  certainty  answer 
the  purpose  of  making  steel,  that  Colonel  Flower  be  directed  to  apply 
to  the  government  of  New  Jersey  to  put  a  proper  person  in  charge  of 
these  works  (the  same  belonging  to  persons  who  adhere  to  the  enemies 
of  these  States)  upon  such  terms  as  the  government  of  the  State  of 
New  Jerse}7  shall  think  proper,  and  that  Colonel  Flower  contract 
with  the  said  person  for  such  quantity  of  iron  as  he  shall  think  the 
service  requires. 

Resolved,  That  a  letter  be  written  by  the  Board  of  War  to  the  gov- 
ernor and  council  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  setting  forth  the  pecul- 
iarity of  the  demand  for  these  works,  being  the  only  proper  means  of 
procuring  iron  for  steel,  an  article  without  which  the  service  must 
irreparably  suffer,  and  that  the  said  governor  and  council  be  directed 
to  take  such  means  as  they  shall  think  most  proper  for  putting  the 
said  works  in  blast  and  obtaining  a  supply  of  iron  without  delay. 

February  4,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Captain  Isaac  Cowan  receive  monthly  25  dollars  addi- 
tional pay,  besides  his  present  appointments,  in  consideration  of  his 
teaching  the  laboratory  art  to  such  officers  of  artillery  as  shall  be  sent 
to  him  for  that  purpose. 

Ordered,  That  2,000  dollars  be  advanced  to  Captain  Isaac  Cowan  to 
pay  his  company  of  laboratory  artillerymen  and  to  recruit  the  said  com- 
pany to  100  men,  agreeably  to  the  directions  of  General  Washington. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  551 

February  6,  177S. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  directed  to  lay 
before  Congress  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of  erecting  and  carrying 
on  a  foundry  for  brass  ordnance,  the  number  of  persons  necessary  to 
conduct  the  business,  and  the  proper  salaries  for  each. 

February  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  there  shall  be  one  commissary-general  of  military 
stores,  whose  business  it  shall  be  to  receive  and  deliver  all  arms,  ammu- 
nition, and  accoutrements  of  every  species  and  denomination,  to  pro- 
vide and  contract  for  all  such  articles  as  may  be  wanted  in  this  depart- 
ment, according  to  the  directions  he  shall  receive  from  the  Board  of 
War  and  Ordnance;  to  receive  and  collect  returns  from  all  the  differ- 
ent States  where  there  are  any  continental  arms  and  stores,  draw  them 
into  one  general  return,  and  on  the  first  day  of  every  month  deliver 
one  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance. 

In  case  of  vacancy,  occasioned  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise, 
of  anv  of  the  commissaries,  commissaries'  deputies,  or  conductors,  which 
may  happen  in  any  department  near  to  where  the  Commissary-General 
may  be,  he  shall  have  permission  to  fill  such  vacancy,  pro  tempore, 
until  it  shall  be  confirmed  or  disapproved  by  Congress. 

All  moneys  to  be  drawn  on  account  of  military  stores  to  be,  by  appli- 
cation of  the  Commissary-General  or  his  deputies,  to  the  Board  of  War 
and  Ordnance;  and  all  moneys  so  drawn  to  be  accounted  for  by  him 
once  in  every  six  months  to  the  Board  of  Treasury  or  to  such  auditors 
or  commissioners  as  the  said  board  shall  direct.  All  commissaries, 
deputy  commissaries,  or  conductors  who  may  have  money  advanced  to 
them  by  the  Commissary-General  for  the  use  of  their  several  depart- 
ments to  keep  regular  accounts  and  produce  vouchers  and  receipts  for 
the  sums  paid,  and  account  for  the  same  to  the  Commissary -General 
once  every  month  or  as  often  as  called  for. 

All  continental  armourers  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of 
War  and  Ordnance  and  of  the  commissary -general  of  military  stores, 
the  armourers  to  receive  from  the  said  commissary  all  arms  to  be 
repaired,  make  returns  of  the  state  of  repairs  when  demanded,  and 
deliver  the  arms  when  repaired  into  his  store,  the  principal  armourer  or 
armourers  at  each  and  every  armoury  to  be  accountable  tor  all  such  arms 
as  he  or  they  shall  receive  until  they  are  repaired  and  delivered  to  the 
Commissary-General,  his  deputies  or  assistants;  and  the  said  Commis- 
sary-General shall  see  that  every  method  is  taken  by  the  armourers  to 
hasten  the  repair  of  the  anus:  the  principal  armourers  to  receive  money 
from  the  Commissary-General  for  the  contingent  expenses  of  their 
departments,  and  the  Commissary -General  shall  produce  their  accounts 
and  vouchers  at  the  adjustment  of  his  accounts. 

That  there  be  as  many  deputies,  assistants,  commissaries,  deputy 
commissaries,  conductors,  and  clerks  as  the  exigency  of  the  service  shall 
require,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance;  and  the 
said  board  are,  from  time  to  time,  to  report  all  such  appointments  to 
Congress. 

That  the  pay  of  officers  in  the  department  of  the  commissary-general 
of  military  stores  be  as  follows: 

Commissary  -General,  100  dollars  per  month  and  six  rations  a  day; 


552      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

deputy  commissaries-general,  of  which  there  shall  be  one  in  each  mili- 
tary division  of  the  States,  each  75  dollars  per  month  and  five  rations 
per  day. 

Commissaries,  each,     60  dollars  per  month  and  4  rations  per  day. 
Deputy  commissaries,  50     do.  do.  4  do. 

Conductors,  40     do.  do.  2  do. 

Clerks,  40     do.  do.  2  do. 

The  Commissary-General  shall  be  allowed  forage  for  two  horses;  his 
deputies,  assistants,  commissaries,  and  conductors  to  be  allowed  forage 
for  one  horse  each;  and  the  captains  of  the  artillery  artificers,  respec- 
tively, when  duty  requires  their  traveling  to  collect  materials,  to  have 
forage  for  one  horse. 

That  for  the  future  no  rank  be  annexed  to  the  officers  in  this  depart- 
ment, except  they  belong  to  the  regiment  of  artillery  artificers,  and 
then  their  rank  only  to  take  place  as  officers  of  that  corps,  the  pay  also 
which  they  receive  as  officers  in  that  regiment  to  be  included  in  the  pay 
herein  settled  for  the  officers  of  the  Commissary-General's  department. 

That  a  return  be  made  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  once  every 
month  of  all  officers  employed  in  the  civil  branch  of  ordnance  and 
military  stores. 

All  commissaries,  deputy  commissaries,  conductors,  and  clerks  who 
shall  have  the  separate  charge  of  any  stores  are,  on  the  first  day  of 
every  month,  to  make  out  an  exact  return  of  all  cannon  and  military 
stores  of  every  species  and  denomination,  one  copy  whereof  they  shall 
transmit  to  the  Commissary-General,  who  is  to  put  them  into  one  gen- 
eral return,  as  heretofore  directed,  and  one  other  copy  thereof  the  said 
commissaries,  deputy  commissaries,  conductors,  and  clerks,  are  to  send 
to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance. 

All  the  artillery  artificers  that  are  or  may  be  employed  at  any 
armouries,  laboratories,  founderies,  or  military^  magazines  (those 
employed  with  the  army  in  the  field  excepted),  shall  be  under  the 
immediate  direction  and  subject  to  the  orders  and  command  of  the 
Commissary-General,  or  the  officer  directed  by  him  to  take  charge  of 
the  same. 

The  Quartermaster-General,  his  deputies  and  assistants,  shall  give 
the  Commissary-General  every  assistance  of  teams  for  the  removal  of 
public  stores,  and  in  case  there  be  no  quartermaster  in  the  department 
or  place  from  whence  the  stores  are  to  be  removed,  the  Commissary- 
General  shall  have  power  to  procure  teams  in  the  way  and  manner  that 
will  best  promote  the  public  service. 

All  officers,  artificers,  and  others  in  the  ordnance  and  military 
department  shall  be  governed  by  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  officers  in  the  artillery  of  the  United  States. 

The  Commissary-General  shall  give  such  forms  or  returns  and 
instructions  to  his  deputies,  assistant  commissaries,  conductors,  etc., 
as  the  service  and  situation  of  their  department  shall  require;  and  all 
officers  in  this  department  are  to  attend  to  such  orders  and  instructions 
as  they  shall  receive  from  time  to  time  from  the  Board  of  War  and 
Ordnance  or  the  Commissary-General. 

All  regulations  incidental  to  the  department,  and  not  enlarging  the 
powers  and  authorities  here  given,  shall  be  settled  and  made  by  the 
Board  of  War  and  Ordnance. 

The  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  shall  transmit,  from  time  to  time, 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  558 

as  the  service  shall  render  necessary,  transcripts  of  all  returns  received 
from  the  coniniissa^-general  of  military  stores,  and  also  accounts  of 
all  ordnance  and  stores  under  their  care  or  belonging  to  the  United 
States,  and  the  places  where  the  same  are  deposited,  to  the  commander 
in  chief  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  in  order  that  he  may  make 
such  requisitions  of  supplies  for  the  army  under  his  immediate  com- 
mand or  for  the  separate  departments  as  he  shall  think  proper,  and 
give  such  advice  ana  directions  as  to  the  disposition  of  them  as  circum- 
stances may  from  time  to  time  require. 

The  commanding  officer  of  artillery,  for  the  time  being,  in  the 
Grand  Army,  with  the  chief  engineer,  commissary  of  artillery,  and 
eldest  colonel  of  artillery,  in  camp  or  such  of  them  as  are  present  with 
the  Army,  shall  be  a  subordinate  board  of  ordnance,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  commander  in  chief  or  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  for 
transacting  all  business  of  the  Ordnance  Department  necessary  to  be 
done  in  the  field,  and  to  have  the  care  of  all  ordnance  and  stores  at 
camp;  and  in  case  of  sudden  exigency  the  commissary -general  of  mili- 
tary stores  shall  be  obliged  to  obey  their  directions  as  to  any  supplies 
wanted  by  the  Army  out  of  the  stores  not  in  camp,  and  the  said  board 
shall  correspond  with  and  report  their  proceedings  to  the  Board  of 
War  and  Ordnance,  from  whom  they  are  to  receive  any  necessary 
assistance. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  Col.  Benjamin  Flower's  corps  of  artillery 
artificers  shall  be,  for  all  those  who  engage  to  serve  the  United  States 
as  such  for  three  years,  or  during  the  war,  $20  a  month,  besides  the 
same  bounty,  clothing,  and  every  other  benefit  allowed  by  Congress 
to  the  continental  artillery;  the  officers  the  same  pay  of  others  of  equal 
rank  in  the  continental  artillery;  and  that  Colonel  Flower  augment  the 
four  companies  ordered  to  be  raised  in  January  last,  add  other  com- 
panies to  the  said  regiment,  and,  if  necessary,  increase  the  pay  of  the 
officers  and  men  in  the  same,  agreeable  to  such  orders  as  have  been 
given  for  that  purpose  by  General  Washington,  and  that  he  be  required 
forthwith  to  transmit  a  copy  of  such  orders  to  Congress. 

That  if  the  exigency  of  the  service  makes  it  necessary  to  employ, 
at  any  time  or  place,  more  artificers  than  the  commissary  ma}7  have 
enlisted  or  can  enlist,  then  he,  his  deputies  or  assistants,  may  engage 
them,  for  the  time  of  such  necessity,  on  the  most  reasonable  terms 
possible,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance. 

Resolved,  That  Col.  Flower  receive  the  pay  and  rations  of  a  colonel 
from  the  16th  of  July,  1776,  to  this  11th  day  of  February,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  a  commission  of  captain  in  Col.  Flowers  regiment  of 
artillery  artificers  be  granted  to  Wollory  Meng,  dated  the  1st  of  April, 
1777. 

That  Captain -Lieutenant  Thomas  Wylie  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
captain  of  an  additional  company  to  be  raised  in  the  said  regiment  of 
artillery  artificers,  his  commission  to  be  dated  the  1st  of  February,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  empowered  to 
make  a  contract  with  Mr.  Byers,  as  superintendent  of  a  foundery  of 
brass  cannon. 

March  19,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  each  State  to  appoint  some 
suitable  person  or  persons  to  get  made  with  all  possible  despatch  as 
many  complete  sets  of  accoutrements  and  spare  bayonet  sheaths  as 


554       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.   ARMY. 

shall  be  sufficient  for  their  respective  quotas  of  troops;  the  cartridge 
boxes  to  be  made  to  hold  at  least  29  rounds  of  cartridges  when  made 
up  with  ounce  balls,  and  the  cover  of  good  substantial  leather  with  a 
small  cover  or  flap  under  it  that  the  ammunition  may  be  most  effectually 
guarded  against  rain;  and  to  prevent  impositions  from  the  workmen, 
that  proper  inspectors  be  appointed  to  examine  and  receive  the  accou- 
trements, with  orders  to  reject  such  as  are  bad  and  insufficient,  and 
that  the  accoutrements  so  provided  be  sent  forward  with  the  troops, 
or  as  soon  after  as  possible. 

That  in  case  in  any  State  they  have  quantities  of  tin,  instead  of  the 
cartouch  boxes,  an  equal  number  of  tin  cartridge  canisters  be  furnished 
agreeably  to  a  pattern  or  description  to  be  sent  to  the  Board  of  War. 

April  4,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Daniel  and  Samuel  Hughes,  of  the  State  of  Mary- 
land, shall  not  be  held  to  make  any  more  cannon  on  their  present 
contract; 

*  *  * 

That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  authorized  to  enter  into  a 
contract  with  Messrs.  Daniel  and  Samuel  Hughes  for  such  a  number 
of  battering  cannon  and  mortars,  and  such  quantitj7  of  shot  and  shells 
as  they  shall  deem  necessary  for  the  public  service. 

April  18,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  make  a  strict  inquiry 
into  the  mode  in  which  the  armourer's  department  has  been  hitherto 
conducted  and  report  to  Congress  the  result  of  their  inquiry,  and,  if 
the}7  judge  necessary,  to  dismiss  the  persons  who  have  been  hitherto 
employed  in  that  business  and  to  engage  others  in  their  stead  on  the 
best  terms  possible. 

April  23,  1778. 

A  letter  of  the  21st  from  the  Board  of  War  was  read  wherein  they 
inform  that  .  .  .  they  have  dismissed  Mr.  Butler,  the  former 
public  armourer,  and  appointed  William  Henry,  esq.,  of  Lancaster, 
superintendent  of  arms  and  military  accoutrements. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  approve  the  proceedings  of  the  Board  of 
War  and  confirm  their  appointment. 

May  7,  1778. 

The  Board  of  War  having  recommended  Nathaniel  Chapman,  esq., 
to  be  captain  of  the  additional  company  to  Colonel  Flower's  regiment 
of  artillery  artificers;  John  Jordan,  esq.,  to  be  captain  in  the  room  of 
David  Pancoast,  resigned;  and  Henry  Strape  and  Theophilus  Parks, 
lieutenants  in  the  same  corps; 

Resolved,  That  they  be  appointed  and  that  commissions  be  granted 
to  them  accordingly. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  555 

June  10,  1778. 

Resohied,  That  Governor  Henry  be  requested  to  purchase  for  the 
United  States  the  articles  contained  in  the  list  hereto  annexed,  being 
part  of  the  cargo  of  the  French  ship  Le  Fier  Roderique,  as  cheap  as  he 
can,  not  exceeding  the  price  following,  viz,  £450  Virginia  money  for 
every  £100  sterling,  to  be  paid  in  tobacco  at  10  dollars  per  hundred, 
and  that  a  letter  be  written  to  his  excellency  explaining  the  principle 
of  such  limitation. 

LIST   OF   ARTICLES. 

Leaden   bullets   of   different   sizes;      .      .      .      gunpowder;    flints; 

June  20,  1778. — Cornelius  Sweers,  deputy  commissary-general  of  military  stores, 
was  arrested  June  20,  pending  examination  of  the  charge  of  fraud  made  against  him 
and  was  committed  to  jail  August  1,  and  on  the  24th  of  the  month  the  Board  of 
Treasury  was  directed  to  employ  counsel  to  prosecute  him. 

August  3,  1778.  —Colonel  Benjamin  Flower,  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores, 
was  arrested  on  charges  of  malfeasance  in  office,  prepared  by  Cornelius  Sweers,  late 
deputy  commissary,  but  was  honorably  acquitted  by  Congress  August  24,  1778. 

January  2,  1779. 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  memorial  of  Messrs.  Penet 
and  Couloux,  respecting  a  manufactory  of  firearms,  report: 

"That  the  said  Messrs.  Penet  and  Couloux  propose  to  establish  a 
manufactory  for  making  firearms,  side  arms,  etc.,  of  all  kinds,  in 
some  convenient  place  in  one  of  the  United  States,  if  they  can  have 
proper  encouragement  from  Congress;  that  they  are  willing  to  contract 
to  make  and  deliver  100,000  muskets  with  bayonets  of  the  best  kind, 
completely  finished,  at  the  price  of  26£  livres  apiece,  to  be  paid  in 
specie  or  other  currency  equivalent;  that  they  will  deliver  20,000  of 
the  said  arms  by  the  expiration  of  two  years  and  an  half,  and  the  resi- 
due within  the  term  of  six  or  seven  years  from  the  time  of  contract- 
ing; or,  if  the  whole  number  of  muskets  are  not  wanted,  they  will 
agree  to  make  any  other  kind  of  firearms  or  side  arms  in  lieu  thereof, 
they  to  find  all  materials  and  be  at  the  whole  expense  of  making  the 
arms." 

The  committee  further  report: 

"That  in  their  opinion  it  will  be  beneficial  to  these  States  to  have 
such  a  manufactory  established,  and  that  the  terms  proposed  are 
reasonable." 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  authorized  to  contract  with 
Messrs.  Penet  and  Couloux  for  a  suitable  number  of  muskets,  with 
bayonets  of  a  proper  size,  and  other  arms,  to  be  manufactured  in  these 
States,  agreeable  to  the  foregoing  proposal. 

February  2,  1779. — The  Board  of  War  having  reported  that  the  firm  of  the  house 
in  which  Mr.  Penet  is  engaged  is  Messrs.  Penet,  Windel  &  Co.,  and  that  Mr.  Cou- 
loux's  name  is  not  to  appear  in  the  agreement,  Congress  modified  accordingly  the 
above  resolution. 

February  18,  1779. 

Congress  proceeded  to  consider  the  report  of  the  committee  appointed 
to  confer  with  the  Commander  in  Chief;  and  thereupon  came  to  the 
following  arrangement  of  the  Department  of  Ordnance: 


556      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  XT.   S.   ARMY. 

Resolved,  That  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  time  being,  shall,  under  the  general  orders,  and  with 
the  concurrence  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  arrange  and  direct  all 
business  of  the  Ordnance  Department  necessary  to  be  done  in  the  field. 
The  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores  in  the  fixed  magazines  to  be 
drawn  out  only  by  the  orders  of  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance; 
unless,  in  the  course  of  the  service,  circumstances  should  occur  in 
which  the  procuring  such  orders  from  the  board  would,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  artillery, 
occasion  improper  delays;  and  in  such  cases  the  commanding  officer 
of  artillery  shall  have  the  power  to  draw  from  the  nearest  magazines 
the  supplies  wanted  for  the  Army;  and  the  different  commissaries  and 
directors  of  the  magazines  and  laboratories  shall  in  such  cases  imme- 
diately obey  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery,  inform- 
ing the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  of  the  same.  And  that  the 
Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  artillery  may  know 
in  such  cases  where  to  send  for  necessary  supplies,  the  Board  of  War 
and  Ordnance  shall  cause  monthly  returns  of  all  ordnance,  arms,  and 
military  stores  at  the  magazines  and  arsenals  of  the  United  States  to 
be  made  to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  who  will  communicate  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  artillery  the  whole  or  any  part  of  them,  as  he  shall 
judge  the  good  of  the  service  requires.  And  as  it  may  frequently 
happen  that  parts  of  the  Army  may  be  detached  to  such  distances  as 
to  render  their  obtaining  supplies,  in  the  circumstances  above  men- 
tioned, by  the  immediate  orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  com- 
manding officer  of  artillery  inconvenient,  in  such  cases  the  Commander 
in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  artillery  shall  give  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  detachment,  and  of  the  artillery  annexed  to  it, 
proper  directions  for  furnishing  the  detachment  with  the  necessary 
supplies  of  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores;  and  the  orders  of  the 
said  commanding  officers  of  the  detachment,  and  of  the  artillery 
annexed  to  it,  given  pursuant  to  the  said  directions,  shall  be  obeyed 
by  the  commissaries  and  directors  at  the  magazines  and  laboratories, 
as  if  given  immediately  by  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding 
officer  of  artillery  of  the  United  States.  Each  commanding  officer  of 
artillery  making  these  extraordinary  draughts  shall  immediately  give 
information  thereof,  and  of  the  occasion  of  them,  to  the  Board  of  War 
and  Ordnance. 

2.  That  there  shall  be  a  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  who  shall  receive  and 
issue  all  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores  in  the  field  pursuant  to 
orders  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  commanding  officer  of  artillery; 
all  orders  for  this  purpose  from  the  Commander  in  Chief  to  be  directed 
to  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery.  The  field  commissary  shall 
have  so  many  deputies,  conductors,  and  clerks,  to  be  likewise  appointed 
by  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  as,  in  the  opinion  of  the  board, 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  and  commanding  officer  of  artillery,  the 
service  shall  from  time  to  time  require. 

3.  The  commanding  officer  of  artillery,  with  the  concurrence  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  shall  from  time  to  time  lay  before  the  Board  of 
War  and  Ordnance  proper  estimates  (which  are  by  the  board  to  be 
transmitted  to  Congress)  of  all  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores 
necessary  to  be  made  and  provided  for  the  use  of  the  Arnry  of  the 
United  States,  that  the  necessary  orders  may  be  given  concerning  them. 

4.  That  whenever  the  said  commanding  officer  of  artillery  shall  judge 


THE    OKDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  557 

any  particular  directions  necessary  for,  or  alterations  and  improve- 
ments to  be  made  in,  the  construction  or  preparation  of  ordnance, 
arms,  and  military  stores  of  any  kind,  he  shall  communicate  the  same 
to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  for  their  consideration,  who  shall 
thereupon  give  such  orders  for  the  artificers  and  laboratory  men  as 
they  shall  judge  the  good  of  the  service  requires. 

5.  That  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  his  deputies,  con- 
ductors, and  clerks,  shall  be  independent  of  the  Commissary-General 
of  military  sto/es;  and  the  said  field  commissary  shall  make  monthly 
returns  of  all  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores  received,  issued,  and 
remaining  on  hand  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  the  Commander 
in  Chief,  and  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery.  His  deputies  and 
conductors  also  having  the  chief  care  of  the  military  stores,  with  any 
detached  parts  of  the  Army,  shall  make  the  like  returns  to  the  Board 
of  War  and  Ordnance,  the  respective  officers  commanding  those  detach- 
ments, their  commanding  officers  of  artillery,  and  the  field  commissary; 
and  the  latter  shall  draw  the  whole  into  one  general  return  monthly, 
one  copy  whereof  he  shall  transmit  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance, 
one  to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  one  to  the  commanding  officer  of  artil- 
lery, and  a  fourth  to  the  Commissary-General  of  militaiy  stores. 

6.  That  all  moneys  necessary  for  the  department  of  the  field  com- 
missary of  military  stores  shall  be  drawn  out  of  the  military  chests 
by  warrants  from  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  officers  commanding 
detached  parts  of  the  Army,  respectively;  and  the  accounts  of  expendi- 
tures adjusted  and  settled  by  the  auditors  of  accounts,  once  in  every 
three  months,  and  finally  transmitted  to  the  Treasury  Board. 

7.  That  when  it  shall  be  thought  necessary,  the  commanding  officer 
of  artillery  shall  send  officers  of  artillery  to  visit  the  laboratories,  and 
founderies  and  manufactories,  to  the  intent  that  they  may  thereby 
gain  an  insight  into  the  mechanical  branches  of  their  profession.  And 
such  number  of  artillery  officers  as,  in  the  opinion  of  the  commanding 
officer  of  artillery,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
can  be  spared  from  their  duty  in  the  field  shall,  at  every  convenient 
season,  be  stationed  at  all  or  any  of  the  principal  laboratories,  to  be 
instructed  in  the  laboratory  art,  that  a  knowledge  thereof  may  be 
disseminated  through  the  corps. 

8.  That  the  deputy  field  commissaries  and  conductors  shall  apply 
for  and  receive  all  ordnance,  arms,  and  stores  issued  from  the  field 
arsenals  and  magazines.  And  to  prevent  any  that  are  insufficient 
being  carried  into  the  field,  the  said  commissaries  and  conductors  shall 
receive  none  apparently  unfit  for  service.  And  whenever  any  articles 
in  the  Ordnance  Department  in  the  field  shall  be  so  damaged  that  they 
can  not  be  there  repaired,  and  are,  by  order  of  the  commanding  officer 
of  artillery,  with  the  Army,  or  with  any  detachment  of  it,  sent  to  the 
Commissary -General  of  military  stores,  or  any  of  his  deputies,  he  and 
they  shall  receive  the  same,  at  such  place  as  snail  be  most  convenient, 
and  either  immediately  cause  them  to  be  repaired  or  replace  them  with 
others  fit  for  service,  as  shall  be  most  conducive  to  the  public  interest. 

9.  That  the  appointments  of  the  said  field  commissary  and  his 
subordinate  officer  be  as  follows,  viz: 

Pay  per  month.  Subsist,  per  month.  Rations  per  day. 

Of  the  field  commissary 75  dollars.  40  dollars.  1 

Deputy  field  commissary 60  30  1 

('.inductor 40  10  1 

Clerk 40  10  1 


558       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENEKAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

10.  That  there  shall  be  one  surveyor  of  ordnance,  to  be  appointed 
annually  from  the  colonels,  the  appointment  to  be  made  by  the  Board 
of  War  and  Ordnance,  until  Congress  shall  direct  otherwise.  The 
officer  thus  appointed  shall  retain  his  rank  in  the  artillery  and  all  the 
benefits  arising  from  it;  but  during  the  time  of  his  surveyorship  he 
shall  not,  except  in  extraordinary  cases,  or  when  called  for  by  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  perform  any  duty  in  the  line.  His  duty  as  sur- 
veyor shall  be  to  examine  into  the  construction,  qualities,  and  condi- 
tion of  all  cannon,  carriages,  arms,  and  the  materials  for  and  prepa- 
ration of  every  species  of  warlike  stores,  and  to  visit  all  the  different 
arsenals,  founderies,  laboratories,  and  workshops  belonging  to  the 
Ordnance  Department  of  the  United  States,  carefully  noting  every 
error  and  defect  he  shall  discover;  which,  together  with  a  general 
state  of  the  department,  he  shall  report  immediately  to  the  Board  of 
War  and  Ordnance,  as  well  as  the  commanding  officer  of  the  artillery, 
with  his  ideas  of  any  alterations  and  improvements  proper  to  be  made 
thereon.  He  shall  also  examine  all  ordnance  and  military  stores  in 
the  field,  and  report  the  state  of  them  to  the  commanding  officer  of 
artillery  and  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance;  and  for  the  purposes 
aforesaid  the  commissaries  of  military  stores,  as  well  in  the  field  as 
elsewhere,  shall  make  returns  to  the  said  surve}Tor,  and  shall  expose 
to  his  view  all  the  ordnance,  arms,  and  stores,  and  all  materials  for 
the  Ordnance  Department  in  their  custody.  And  the  surveyor  shall 
examine  the  said  stores  to  ascertain  whether  the  quality,  quantity,  and 
numbers  agree  with  the  return,  and  make  report  to  the  board  only. 
He  shall  likewise  examine  into  the  number  of  workmen  emplo}7ed  in 
each  branch  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  the  principal  in  each 
branch  shall  make  monthly  returns  of  all  work  done  within  the  month, 
one  to  the  said  surveyor  of  ordnance  and  one  to  the  Commissary- 
General  of  Military  Stores;  and  each  of  the  latter  shall  transmit  copies 
thereof  monthly  to  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance. 

11.  For  executing  the  duties  before  mentioned  and  any  others  relat- 
ing to  the  Ordnance  Department  which  the  good  of  the  service  may 
from  time  to  time  require,  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  shall  give 
to  the  said  surveyor  such  instructions  as  they  shall  think  proper. 

12.  For  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  said  surveyor  in  the  exercise 
of  his  office  he  shall  be  allowed  70  dollars  per  month,  besides  his 
appointments  as  a  field  officer  of  artillery. 

13.  That  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery  of  the  United  States, 
for  the  performance  of  his  duties  therein  before  prescribed,  shall  be 
allowed  75  dollars  per  month;  and  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery 
with  any  detached  part  of  the  Army  shall  have  a  like  allowance,  in 
proportion  to  his  pa}'  in  the  line. 

March  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  in  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army  be 
put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to 
arrests,  trials,  and  punishments. 

April  13,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  State  of  Virginia  be  requested  to  lend  to  the 
United  States  1,000  stand  of  arms  for  the  purpose  of  arming  the  forces 
destined  for  the  defense  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia;     ... 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  559 

April  37,  1779. — "For  the  future  all  issues  of  arms  and  military  stores  in  camp  will 
be  made  by  the  immediate  order  of  Brigadier-General  Knox,  to  whom  all  returns  for 
thai  purpose  are  to  be  made.  He  will  cause  the  Commissary  of  Military  Stores  to 
keep  exact  accounts  with  the  regiments  for  what  he  delivers. ' '  ( Orders,  General  Head- 
quortert,  Middlr- Brook.) 

M<i)/  19, 1779. — "A  conductor  of  military  stores  is  to  be  appointed  to  each  brigade, 
— he  is  to  have  a  travelling  forge  with  suitable  tools,  an  ammunition  waggon,  and  a 
waggon  with  an  arm  chest  for  each  regiment."  {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Middle- 
Brook.) 

July  3,  1779. — Captain  Alexander  Henderson,  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores, 
resigned. 

July  23,  1779. — The  resignation  of  Lieut.  Andrew  Caldwell,  of  Captain  Cowan's 
cumpany  of  laboratory  artillerymen,  was  accepted. 

December  M,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  commissions  be  granted  to  the  officers  of  the  com- 
pany of  artillery  artificers  attached  to  the  artillery  in  the  field,  and 
bear  date  as  follows,  viz:  That  of  Noah  Nichols,  captain,  November  16, 
1776;  Thomas  Patten,  captain-lieutenant,  March  1,  1779;  Bela  Nichols, 
first  lieutenant.  March  1,  1779;  Peter  Sears,  second  lieutenant,  March 
1,  1779. 

December  23,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  instead  of  the  subsistence  allowed  by  an  act  of  Con- 
gress of  the  18th  day  of  February  last,  to  the  officers  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  the  following  sums 
be  allowed,  viz:  To  the  field  commissary,  400  dollars  per  month;  to  a 
deputy  field  commissary,  300  dollars;  to  a  conductor,  100  dollars;  to  a 
clerk,  100  dollars;  and  that  this  increased  subsistence  commence  on 
the  18th  day  of  August  last,  and  continue  till  the  further  order  of 
Congress. 

February  11,  1780. 

A  letter  of  the  9th  from  the  Board  of  War,  informing  that  they  had 
appointed  Samuel  Hodgdon,  the  principal  field  commissary  of  military 
stores,  to  be  deputy  commissary -general  of  military  stores,  and  pro- 
posing that  his  pay  should  be  1,250  dollars  per  month;  whereupon, 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  Samuel  Hodgdon,  deputy  commissary- 
general  of  military  stores,  be  1,250  dollars  per  month  until  the  further 
order  of  Congress. 

July  13,  1780. — Lieutenant  Dow.  of  Colonel  Flower's  regiment  of  artillery  artificers, 

Eromoted  captain-lieutenant  to  date  from  April  4,  1780,  the  date  when  Captain- 
ieutenant  Parks  was  dismissed. 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses  be 
allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be  by 
order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  separate 
army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  baggage 
wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to  wit: 
*  *  * 

Field  commissary  of  military  stores  and  his  deputy  with  the  main 
army,  1  two-horse  wagon  or  two  bathorses. 


560       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ARMY. 

Deputy  commissary  of  military  stores  with  a  separate  army,  1  two- 
horse  wagon  or  two  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  .  .  .  there  be  issued  ...  as 
many  rations  as  the  service  shall  require: 

;  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  two;  deputy  field 
commissary  of  military  stores,  one;     .     .     . 

July  U,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  authorized  and 
directed  to  procure  with  all  possible  despatch  615  tons  of  shot  for  bat- 
tering cannon,  and  947  tons  of  shells,  of  such  sizes  as  they  shall  deem 
proper,  according  to  the  requisitions  made  by  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

July  26, 1780. 

Resolved,  That  Ezekiel  Cheever,  esq. ,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  David 
Mason,  who  have  been  employed  at  Springfield,  in  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  in  the  department  of  the  commissary-general  of  military 
stores,  be  excused  from  further  service  at  that  post; 

That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be  authorized  and  directed  to 
remove  any  unnecessary  officers  at  that  and  any  other  post  in  the 
department  of  the  commissary -general  of  military  stores,  and  to  arrange 
the  affairs  of  the  whole  department  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  deem 
most  conducive  to  the  public  service,  reporting  their  proceedings  to 
Congress. 

August  12,  1780. 

The  Board  of  War  report: 

That,  pursuant  to  a  resolution  of  July  26th,  they  have  enquired  into 
the  state  of  the  department  of  military  stores;  and  upon  mature  delib- 
eration propose  to  retain  in  service  one  commissary -general  of  mili- 
tary stores,  one  deput}r  commissary -general,  one  commissary  at  Spring- 
field, one  commissary  at  Carlisle,  one  commissary  in  Virginia,  and  two 
or  three  other  commissaries,  or  deputy  commissaries,  at  some  subor- 
dinate posts  and  stations; 

They  also  propose  to  retain  but  one  officer  to  each  company  of  artifi- 
cers, who,  with  his  sergeants,  will  be  competent  to  the  proper  direction 
of  his  men; 

That  the  pay  of  a  commissary  of  military  stores  be  not  less  than  360 
nor  more  than  1,750  dollars  per  month; 

That  the  pay  of  a  deputy  commissary,  or  a  conductor  of  military 
stores,  be  not  less  than  240  nor  more  than  1,000  dollars  per  month; 

That  the  pay  of  the  clerks  be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  War  and  Ord- 
nance in  proportion  to  their  respective  merit  and  services; 

That  the  pay  of  a  captain  of  artillery  artificers  be  900  dollars  per 
month;  a  captain-lieutenant,  750  dollars  per  month;  a  lieutenant,  600 
dollars  per  month;  a  sergeant,  from  150  to  200  dollars  per  month;  a 
corporal,  acting  as  a  foreman  in  any  branch  of  work,  the  same  pay  as 
a  sergeant; 

Other  corporals  and  drummers,  lifers,  and  privates,  from  30  to  150 
dollars  per  month; 

That  the  pay  of  the  commissaries,  deputy  commissaries,  and  conduct- 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  561 

ors,  to  be  confined  within  the  limits  before  mentioned,  be  fixed  accord- 
ing to  their  respective  merit  and  services  by  the  Board  of  War  and 
Ordnance; 

That  the  pay  of  the  noncommissioned  officers  and  privates  be  fixed 
according  to  their  respective  merit  and  services,  within  the  limits  before 
mentioned,  by  the  major  part  of  their  commissioned  officers,  who  shall 
meet  together  monthly  for  that  purpose; 

That  a  daily  ration  of  forage  be  allowed  only  to  such  commissaries 
and  conductors  of  military  stores  whose  frequent  traveling  shall,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Board  of  War,  require  the  same. 

Resolved,  That  Congress  agree  to  this  report,  and  that  the  same  be 
carried  into  execution  until  the  further  order  of  Congress. 


August  <B*B,  1780. 

Whereas,  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  effectually  to  prevent  the 
destruction,  waste,  embezzlement,  and  misapplication  of  the  public 
stores,  .  .  .  upon  which  the  existence  of  the  armies  of  these  United 
States  may  depend,  and  no  adequate  provision  hath  been  made  for  the 
just  punishment  of  delinquents  in  the  departments  of  the  .  .  .  Com- 
niHsarv-General  of  military  stores,     .     .     .     Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  every  person  in  any  of  the  said  departments  intrusted 
with  the  care  of  provisions,  or  military  or  hospital  stores,  or  other 
property  of  these  United  States,  who  shall  be  convicted,  at  a  general 
court-martial,  of  having  sold,  without  a  proper  order  for  that  purpose, 
embezzled,  or  wilfully  misapplied,  damaged,  or  spoiled  any  of  the  pro- 
visions, horses,  forage,  arms,  clothing,  ammunition,  or  other  military 
or  hospital  stores,  or  property  belonging  to  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, shall  suffer  death  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be  directed 
by  a  general  court-martial,  according  to  the  nature  and  degree  of  the 
offence,  at  the  discretion  of  such  court;  and  every  person  in  any  of 
the  said  departments,  intrusted  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  be  convicted  at 
a  general  court-martial  of  having,  through  neglect,  suffered  any  of  the 
articles  aforesaid  to  be  wasted,  spoiled,  or  damaged  shall  suffer  such 
punishment  as  the  said  court  shall,  in  their  discretion,  direct,  accord- 
ing to  the  degree  of  the  offence. 

August  30,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Major  Joseph  Eayres  and  Captain  Nathaniel  Chap- 
man, who  have  been  employed  at  Springfield,  in  the  department  of 
the  col n in issary -general  of  military  stores;  Major  Charles  Lukens, 
:it  Carlisle,  and  Captain-Lieutenant  E.  Godfrey,  at  Philadelphia,  be 
excused  from  further  service. 

October  3,  1780. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Regular  Army  of  the  United  States, 
from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January  next,  consist  of  ...  1 
regiment  of  artificers; 

*  v.  • 

Thai  the  regiment  of  artificers  consist  of  8  companies,  and  each 
company  of  <*>"  noncommissioned  officers  and  privates. 

S.  Doc.  229 86 


562       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

That  the  several  States  furnish  the  following  quotas,  viz,  .  .  . 
Pennsylvania     ...     1  regiment  of  artificers;     .     .     . 

October  15,  1780. — The  issuing  commissaries  are  to  deliver  all  their  sheep  and  calve 
skins  to  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores  with  the  park  of  artillery,  who  will 
have  them  properly  dressed  for  drumheads. ' '    ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Totowa. ) 

November  25,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  all  the  artificers  in  the  department  of  military  stores 
in  Pennsylvania  be  removed  to  Carlisle;  and  that  in  future  only  an 
issuing  store  and  elaboratory  for  fixed  ammunition  be  kept  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

That  General  Washington  detach  a  field  officer  of  artillery  to  take 
the  command  and  superintend  the  business  at  Carlisle,  and  under  the 
orders  of  the  Board  of  War. 

January  8,  1781. — Congress  accepted  the  resignation  of  Lieut.  Henry  Stroop,  of 
Colonel  Flower's  regiment  of  artificers. 

January  12,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  1st  day  of  August  last  the  pay 
and  appointments  of  the  officers  in  the  Department  of  the  commissary  - 
general  of  military  stores  be  as  follows,  the  sums  hereafter  mentioned 
to  be  paid  in  bills  of  the  new  emission,  and  all  moneys  received  in  bills 
of  the  old  emissions  since  the  said  1st  day  of  August  be  accounted  for 
agreeable  to  the  table  of  depreciation,  as  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Treas- 
ury; Commissary -General  of  Military  Stores,  100  dollars  per  month,  3 
rations  per  day;  deputy  commissary -general,  80  dollars  per  month,  2 
rations  per  day;  commissaries,  70  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per 
day;  deputy  commissaries,  55  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per  day; 
conductors,  45  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per  day;  clerks,  40  dollars 
per  month,  1  ration  per  day. 

No  rations  in  addition  to  the  number  above  mentioned  are  to  be 
allowed  for  servants; 

That  the  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  of  artillery  artificers  have 
the  same  pay  from  and  after  the  said  first  day  of  August  in  bills  of 
the  new  emission  as  was  originally  fixed  in  bills  of  the  then  emission, 
by  the  regulations  of  the  department  made  by  Congress  on  the  11th 
day  of  February,  1778,  and  that  they  draw  the  number  of  rations  then 
directed. 

That  the  appointments  of  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores 
and  his  subordinate  officers  be  as  follows,  from  and  after  the  1st  day 
of  August  last,  the  pay  to  be  received  in  bills  of  the  new  emission: 
Field  commissaiy,  90  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per  day,  servants 
included;  deputy  field  commissary,  70  dollars  per  month,  2  rations  per 
day,  servants  included;  conductor,  45  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per 
day,  servants  included;  clerks,  40  dollars  per  month,  1  ration  per  day, 
servants  included. 

That  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery,  for  his  extra  services  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  receive  40  dollars  per  month, 
in  addition  to  his  pay  as  an  officer  in  the  line,  in  bills  of  the  new  emis- 
sion, from  and  after  the  1st  day  of  August  last. 

That  the  surveyor  of  ordnance,  for  defraying  his  expenses  in  the 
exercise  of  his  office,  be  allowed,  from  and  after  the  1st  day  of  August 
last,  40  dollars  per  month,  in  bills  of  the  new  emission,  besides  his 
appointment  as  a  field  officer  of  artillery. 


THE  OKDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  563 

January  31,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  military  stores,  or  first 
officer  in  that  department,  be,  and  hereby  is,  allowed,  from  and  after 
the  first  day  of  August  last,  115  dollars  a  month,  in  bills  emitted  pur- 
suant to  the  act  of  the  18th  of  March  last;  and  that  the  deputy  com- 
missary, or  second  officer  in  that  department,  be,  and  hereby  is, 
allowed,  from  the  said  first  da}^  of  August,  the  sum  of  90  dollars  per 
month,  in  the  bills  aforesaid,  in  lieu  of  the  sums  allowed  them,  respec- 
tively, by  the  resolution  of  the  12th  instant. 

February  20,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be,  and  hereby  are,  directed  to  fur- 
nish the  Southern  army  with  .  .  .  5,000  muskets,  with  bayonet 
and  cartouch  boxes;  ...  10  tons  of  musket  powder,  5  tons  of 
cannon  powder,  and  20  tons  of  lead. 

That  the  Board  of  War  furnish  the  artillery  and  cavalry  with  the 
lecessary  ammunition  and  equipments  not  comprised  in  the  foregoing 
resolutions;  and  that  they  employ  a  sufficient  number  of  artificers  to 
repair  the  arms  in  the  magazines  of  Virginia  and  other  places. 

February  26,  1781. — Congress  recommended  to  the  State  of  Massachusetts  to  make 
up  to  Colonel  Gridley  the  depreciation  of  his  pay  as  engineer  at  $60  per  month  from 
the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  1st  day  of  January,  1781.  [Colonel  Gridley  was 
colonel  of  the  Massachusetts  artillery  regiment  May,  1775;  wounded  at  Bunker  Hill 
June  17, 1775;  colonel  and  chief  of  the  Continental  Artillery  September  20  to  Novem- 
ber 17,  1775;  colonel  and  Chief  Engineer  June,  1775,  to  August  5,  1776;  was  retained 
in  service  as  colonel  and  engineer  to  January  1,  1781,  when  he  was  retired.  He  died 
June  21,  1786.] 

March  5,  1781. — Congress  accepted  resignation  of  Nathaniel  Barber,  commissary  of 
military  stores  at  Boston. 

March  7,  1781. — A  letter  of  the  6th  from  the  Board  of  War  inclosed  a  letter  of  May 
20,  1780,  from  Messrs.  Penet  &  Co.,  from  which  it  appeared  that  their  contract  for 
manufacturing  arms  is  entirely  at  an  end  from  a  failure  on  their  part. 

March  29,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  regiment  of  artificers,  commanded  by  Colonel 
Baldwin,  be  dissolved;  and  those  of  the  noncommissioned  officers  and 
privates  whose  times  of  service  are  unexpired,  and  are  now  with  the 
main  army,  be  formed  into  one  company,  under  such  officers  and  be 
employed  in  such  way  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  shall  direct. 

That  the  artificers  with  the  Southern  army  be  also  formed  into  one 
company,  under  a  competent  number  of  officers  to  be  selected  by  the 
commanding  general  or  that  army. 

That  all  officers  of  the  regiment  of  artificers  not  retained  by  virtue 
of  these  resolutions  be  no  longer  considered  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States. 

Iu  solved,  That  all  the  noncommissioned  officers  and  men  of  the 
regiment  of  artillery  artificers  at  Carlisle,  whose  times  of  service  are 
unexpired,  be  formed  into  one  or  more  company  or  companies,  and 
the  officers  at  that  place,  except  Captains  Wiley  and  Jordan,  be  no 
longer  considered  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

April  21,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  remove  from  office  or  employment,  i'<>r  incapacity,  neg- 
ligence, dishonesty,  or  other  misbehavior,  such  persona  not  immedi- 


564       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ately  appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  as  are  or 
may  be  officially  entrusted  with  and  immediately  employed  in  the 
expenditure  of  the  public  supplies,  stores,  or  other  property;  .  .  . 
and  such  of  the  said  persons  as  are  or  may  be,  in  his  judgment, 
unnecessary,  reporting  to  such  authority,  board,  minister,  or  office, 
to  whom  it  may  belong  to  supply  the  vacancy,  the  respective  names 
of  the  persons  so  removed. 

That  he  be  authorized  to  suspend  from  office  or  employment,  for 
similar  causes,  persons  officially  employed  and  entrusted  as  aforesaid, 
immediately  appointed  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
reporting  forthwith  their  names  and  the  reason  of  suspension. 

Provided,  That  in  all  cases  where  any  of  the  persons  aforesaid  are 
or  may  be  amenable  to  the  law  martial  the  superintendent  be,  and  he 
is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed,  if  he  shall  deem  it  most  expedient 
for  the  public  service,  to  put  them  in  arrest  by  order  in  writing,  and 
to  apply  to  the  officer  whose  duty  it  may  be  to  order  a  court-martial; 
and  such  officer  is  hereby  directed  to  order  proceedings  on  the  arrest 
accordingly. 

That  in  every  case  of  suspension  all  pay  and  emoluments  cease  from 
the  date  thereof  unless  the  persons  suspended  be,  upon  trial,  acquitted 
and  restored;  and  the  superintendent  shall  have  power  to  supply  the 
place  when  it  may  be  necessary,  by  a  temporary  appointment,  to  con- 
tinue until  the  person  suspended  be  restored  or  dismissed. 

That  the  aforesaid  powers  shall  not  be  construed  to  interfere  with 
the  rank,  commission,  or  military  duty  of  any  officer  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  or  those  who  ma}7  be  duly  entrusted  with  money  for  secret  sen  ice 
by  Congress,  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army,  or  commanding 
officer  of  a  separate  department. 

That  the  powers  aforesaid  be  exercised  during  the  pleasure  of  Con- 
gress, but  not  to  extend  beyond  the  duration  of  the  war. 
*  *  * 

Ordered,  .  .  .  That  the  said  E.  Cornell  [one  of  the  commission- 
ers of  the  Board  of  War]  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  directed  to  visit  the  mil- 
itary stores  and  laboratory  to  the  eastward,  in  the  department  of  the 
commissary  of  military  stores,  and  to  take  measures  for  removing 
arms,  ammunition,  and  stores  from  thence  to  the  main  arnry,  or  to  the 
southward;  and  to  correct  abuses  in  the  said  department,  agreebly  to 
instructions  he  may  receive  from  the  Board  of  War  for  these  purposes. 

May  2,  1781. — Place  of  Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores  vacated  by  death  of 
Colonel  Flower. 

June  18,  1781. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  command- 
ing general  in  a  separate  department,  respectively,  be,  and  hereby  are, 
authorized  to  direct  what  clothing  shall,  from  time  to  time,  be  dealt 
out  to  the  artificers  .  .  .  ,  having  regard  to  the  nature  of  their 
service  and  the  terms  of  their  contract,  and  time  for  which  they  are 
engaged. 

July  10,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  either  by  himself  or  such  person  or  persons  as  he  shall, 
from  time  to  time,  appoint  for  the  purpose,  to  procure  or  contract  all 
necessary  supplies  for  the  use  of  the  Army  or  armies  of  the  United 
States,     .     .     .     and  also  the  transportation  thereof;     .     .     . 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  565 

July  12,  1781. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary-general  of  mili- 
tary stores;  and.  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Samuel  Hodgdon  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nominated  by 
Mr.  Howley. 

July  30,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  empow- 
ered to  continue  such  of  the  officers  in  the  laboratory  and  artificers  at 
Springfield  as  the  good  of  the  service  may  require,  and  to  remove  all 
and  every  other  officer  in  the  laboratory  or  corps  of  artificers  at  that 
place,  and  proceed  to  make  such  further  reforms  in  the  department  of 
the  commissary  of  military  stores  at  other  posts  as  they  judge  may 
conduce  to  the  public  interest. 

August  23,  1781. 

Iu  solved,  That  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance  be,  and  hereby  are, 
authorized  and  directed  to  take  measures  for  vacating  the  contract 
made  by  order  of  Congress  the  19th  da}^  of  September,  1777, x  with 
James  Byers,  cannon  founder. 

September  4-,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  all  the  .  .  .  artillery,  arms,  and  military  stores 
shipped  in  pursuance  of  the  orders  of  the  Honorable  John  Laurence, 
special  minister  to  the  Court  of  Versailles,  for  the  use  of  the  United 
States,  be  upon  its  arrival  delivered  to  the  order  of  the  Board  of  War, 
who  are  hereby  empowered  and  directed  to  take  charge  and  direction 
of  the  same. 

September  25,  1781. — "The  several  issuing  commissaries  will  be  particularly  careful 
in  preserving  all  the  sheepskins  for  the  use  of  the  artillery.  They  will  be  delivered, 
on  application,  to  Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  deputy  field  commissary  of  military  stores." 
( <)rders,  General  Headquarters,  Williamsburg. ) 

January  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Inspector-General,  or  inspector-general  of 
a  separate  army,  shall  be  authorized  to  call  on  the  .  .  .  field  com- 
missary of  military  stores,  or  their  deputies,  for  returns  of  the  articles 
which  have  been  issued  from  and  returned  to  their  several  departments 
by  each  corps.     .     .     . 

April  10,  1782. 

1!>  solved,  .  .  .  That  the  Commander  in  Chief  be  furnished  with 
returns  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  when  he  shall  request  them 
from  the  War  Office. 

■K  *  * 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  direct  the  building  and  management  of 
laboratories,  arsenals,  foundries,  magazines,  .  .  .  the  necessity 
of  which  he  i>  from  time  to  time  to  report,  and  the  same  is  to  be 
approved  of  by  Congress. 

'Congress  was  not  in  session  September  19,  1777,  but  February  11,  1778,  the  Hoard 
of  War  was  authorized  to  make  a  contract  with  Mr.  Byero.     December  20,  1783,  he 

off i'ivd  to  relinquish  his  contract,  which  he  (styled  director  of  the  foundry  for  cast- 
ing I >raas  ordnance)  formally  relinquished  April  18,  1786. 


566       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

April  22,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  all  resolves 
of  Congress  heretofore  passed  relative  to  rations,  subsistence,  or  allow- 
ances to  officers  over  and  above  their  pay  and  what  they  are  entitled 
to  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are 
hereb}^  repealed;  that  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  May  next  each 
officer  shall  be  entitled  to  draw  daily  the  number  of  rations  .  .  . 
affixed  to  their  several  ranks,  viz: 

*  *  * 

Field  commissary 1  ration  per  day;  6f  §  dollars  per  month. 

Do. ,  Southern  army 1  do  ;  6  f  #  do. 

April  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants, 
be}rond  the  number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced; 
.  .  .  except  such  of  them  as  shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the 
staff  departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  case  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respective 
ranks  in  the  Army,  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pay  and  subsistence 
belonging  to  their  rank  in  the  line,  as  a  compensation  for  their  respec- 
tive services  in  the  staff  without  any  other  allowance  whatsoever;  .    .    . 

May  7,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  be,  and  hereby  is, 
authorized  to  appoint  an  inspector  for  the  main  and  Southern  army, 
to  take  care  that  the  contracts  for  supplying  rations  be  duly  executed 
by  the  contractors;  that  the  said  inspectors  shall  also  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  fully  empowered  and  directed  to  attend  to  the  expenditures  of 
public  property  in  the  several  departments  of  the  Army,  and  report 
any  fraud,  neglect  of  duty,  or  other  misconduct  by  which  the  public 
property  is  wasted,  or  expense  unnecessarily  accumulated,  so  that  the 
party  charged  therewith  may  be  tried  by  court-martial  on  such  charges 
exhibited  against  him  by  either  of  the  said  inspectors;  and  that  neither 
the  said  inspectors  nor  the  said  contractors,  or  their  property,  be  lia- 
ble to  arrest  or  subject  to  martial  law,  except  by  the  express  order  of 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  or  commander  of  the  army  to  which  the 
inspectors  respectively  shall  be  appointed,  any  resolution  or  act  of 
Congress  heretofore  made  notwithstanding. 

That  the  pay  to  each  inspector  be  166f  dollars  per  month  in  full  of 
all  allowances. 

That  each  inspector,  when  appointed,  shall  take  an  oath  for  the 
faithful  and  impartial  execution  of  the  trust  reposed  in  him  as  inspec- 
tor of  the  contracts  of  the  Army. 

May  30,  1782. — The  Superintendent  of  Finance  and  the  Secretary  at  War  were 
directed  to  inquire  into  a  contract  made  with  Mr.  Jacob  Rubsamen  for  the  purpose 
of  instructing  the  people  of  Virginia  in  the  mode  of  making  saltpeter,  and  whether 
his  further  services  were  necessary.  August  26,  1782,  Congress  agreed  that  Mr.  R.'s 
services  as  instructor  were  no  longer  needed. 

July  4, 1782. — "To  prevent  the  accidental  communication  of  fire  to  the  powder  mag- 
azines, which  would  endanger  the  lives  of  many  persons  and  total  demolition  of  the 
fortifications,  besides  the  inconvenience  that  must  arise  from  the  loss  of  the  powder, 
the  Commander  in  Chief  directs  that  the  quartermaster  or  commissary  of  military 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  567 

stores  may,  as  soon  as  possible,  have  grates  fixed  to  the  air  holes  of  the  magazines, 
and  that  lanthorns  made  of  transparent  horn  or  glass  be  immediately  provided 
instead  of  those  made  of  pierced  tin,  which  are  at  present  verv  imprudently  used. 
Until  the  horn  or  glass  lanthorns  are  provided  the  greatest  care  is  to  be  taken  not  to 
open  the  door  of  the  lanthorns  in  the  magazines,  and  at  all  times  to  have  water  in 
the  bottom  to  extinguish  sparks.  It  is,  moreover,  positively  ordered  that  no  person 
whatever  be  permitted  to  enter  a  powder  magazine  without  first  pulling  off  his 
shoes. — ( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Newburgh.) 

July  24,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  11th  day  of  February, 
1778,  and  all  subsequent  resolutions,  so  far  as  they  respect  the  depart- 
ment of  the  commissary -general  of  military  stores,  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  repealed. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  at  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  empow- 
ered to  appoint,  from  time  to  time,  a  commissary  of  military  stores, 
who  shall  be  subject  to  his  orders  and  instructions,  and  shall  receive 
a  salary  of  1,000  dollars  per  annum. 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  be  further  empowered  to  appoint,  from 
time  to  tini3,  so  many  officers,  to  be  taken  from  the  officers  of  the 
Arm}',  if  agreeable  to  them,  as  he  may  find  necessary  to  superintend 
the  business  in  that  department. 

September  3,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  all  resolutions  heretofore  passed  respecting  the  pay 
and  emoluments  of  the  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  his  deputies, 
conductors,  and  clerks,  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Bi  solved,  That  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  field  commissary  of 
military  stores  shall  be  50  dollars  per  month,  two  rations  per  day,  for- 
age for  two  saddle  horses,  and  one  bathorse.  He  shall  also  be  allowed 
G'i  dollars  per  month  for  a  servant,  for  whom  he  shall  be  entitled  to  draw 
one  ration  per  day  and  the  clothing  allowed  to  a  private  soldier. 

That  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  deputy  fielct  commissary  of  mili- 
tary stores  for  the  southern  army  shall  be  40  dollars  per  month,  two 
rations  per  dajT,  forage  for  two  saddle  horses,  and  one  bathorse.  He 
shall  also  be  allowed  Of  dollars  per  month  for  a  servant,  for  whom  he 
shall  be  entitled  to  draw  one  ration  per  day  and  the  clothing  allowed 
to  a  private  soldier. 

Rrxol r,-d,  That  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  deputy  field  commis- 
sary of  military  stores  at  West  Point  shall  be  40  dollars  per  month 
and  two  rations  per  day. 

That  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  conductors  or  clerks  shall  be 
30  dollars  per  month  and  one  ration  per  day. 

Re%oJ/oed,  That  there  shall  be  one  field  commissary  of  military  stores 
and  two  conductors  or  clerks  for  the  main  army  in  the  field;  one  deputy 
field  commissary  of  military  stores  and  two  conductors  or  clerks  for 
West  Point;  one  deputy  field  commissary  of  military  stores  and  two 
conductors  or  clerks  for  the  southern  army;  and  one  conductor  for 
the  post  at  Fort  Pitt,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  commanding 
officer  of  the  artillery,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Commander  in 
Chief;  excepting  for  the  southern  army,  in  which  department  the 
appointment  shall  be  made  by  the  commanding  officer  of  artillery  there, 
with  the  approbation  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  department. 


568       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  (JKNERAL  STAFF  OF  IT.   S.    ARMY. 

September  17,  17S2. — "  Major-General  Knox  having  appointed  Richard  Frothing- 
ham,  field  corns' y  of  military  stores  for  the  main  army;  Asa  Copeland,  conductor; 
John  Hoff,  clerk;  John  Ruddock,  deputy  corns' y  at  West  Point;  John  Banks,  con- 
ductor; William  Herriott,  clerk;  Mathew  Parvin,  conductor  at  Fort  Pitt,  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  is  pleased  to  approve  the  above  appointments."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters,  Yerplank's  Point. ) 

September  23,  1782. — "The  brigade  conductors  of  military  stores  having  been 
deranged  by  the  late  orders  of  Congress,  the  stores,  wagons,  forges,  tools,  etc.,  in 
their  possession  are  to  be  delivered  to  the  brigade  quartermasters,  who  are.  in  future 
to  be  responsible  for  this  duty.  A  sergeant  from  each  brigade  must  be  appointed  to 
have  the  special  charge  of  the  forges  and  stores,  and  to  act  under  the  orders  of  the 
brigade  quartermasters.  When  any  arms,  ammunition,  or  accoutrements  are  wranting, 
regimental  returns  in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the  regulations  are  to  be  made  to  the 
brigade  quartermasters,  who  will  form  them  into  a  brigade,  return  and  obtain  the  signa- 
ture of  the  commanding  officer  of  brigade  and  the  Inspector-General  or  inspector." 
(Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Verplank's  Point.)  - 

October  22,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  : 

*  *  * 

Field  commissaiy  of  military  stores  and  his  deputy  with  the  main 
and  southern  army,  each  one  bathorse. 

*  *  * 

That  there  shall  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses: 

*  *  * 

Field  commissaiy  of  military  stores 2  rations. 

Deputy  with  a  separate  army 2      do. 

*  %  * 

April  17,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  immediate  measures  be  taken  for  the  sale  of  .  .  . 
all  such  articles  in  the  several  military  departments  as  may  not  be 
necessary  for  the  use  of  the  Army,  previous  to  its  reduction,  or  for 
the  formation  of  magazines  on  a  peace  establishment. 

November  4,  1783. 

Resolved,  That  Samuel  Hodgdon,  commissary  of  military  stores, 
under  the  appointment  of  the  Secretary  at  War,  be  continued  in  that 
office  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  and  that  he  be  empowered 
to  continue  such  assistants  as  may  be  necessary  to  take  care  of  the 
military  stores. 

Note. — July  24,  1782,  the  Secretary  at  War  was  authorized  to  appoint  a  commis- 
sary of  military  stores. 

January  22,  1784. 

Ordered,  That  the  commissary  of  military  stores  be  directed  not  to 
dispose  of  any  such  stores  without  the  express  order  of  Congress. 

January  29,  1784. 

Resolved,  That  regular  returns  of  military  stores  .  .  .  be  made 
to  the  war  office. 


THE  OEDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  569 

Resolved,  That  the  principals  in  the  several  departments  of  .  '  .  . 
commissary  of  military  stores  .  .  .  be,  and  they  are  hereby, 
ordered  to  transmit,  as  soon  as  may  be,  to  the  war  office,  to  be  laid 
before  Congress,  exact  returns  of  all  the  stores  in  their  respective 
departments,  specifying  the  quantity  and  quality  of  each  article,  where 
deposited,  in  whose  care,  and  in  what  manner  secured. 

January  30,  1784-. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  propose  to  Mr.  James 
Byers,  in  behalf  of  the  United  States,  a  mutual  relinquishment  of  right 
and  title  to  services  and  salary,  and  in  case  Mr.  Byers  shall  not  assent 
to  the  proposition,  that  the  commissary  of  military  stores  give  him 
such  directions  as  he  is  obliged  to  conform  to  by  his  contract. 

May  3,  1781 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary  of  military  stores,  or  person  having 
the  care  of  the  public  stores  at  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania,  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  directed  to  deliver  to  the  order  of  the  corporation  of  the  city 
of  New  York  the  bells  which  have  been  taken  from  the  churches  and 
other  public  edifices  in  the  said  city,  if  any  such  bells  remain  in  his 
possession. 

December  7,  178£. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  in  the  war  office  be  directed  to  stop  the 
sale  of  such  .  .  .  military  stores  as  were  directed  to  be  sold  under 
a  letter  from  the  said  Secretary  of  23d  May,  1784,  until  the  further 
order  of  Congress. 

September  6,  1785. 

Ordered,  That  the  Secretary  at  War,  as  soon  as  may  be,  cause  to  be 
made  and  transmitted  to  Congress  an  exact  return  of  all  cannon, 
with  their  sizes  and  appendages;  small  arms  with  their  accoutrements; 
swords,  pistols,     .     .     .     ammunition     .      .      .      and   public  stores. 

.  .  the  custody  of  which  is  charged  on  the  Department  of  War; 
distinguishing  the  quantity  or  number,  quality  and  kind  of  each,  and 
the  several  places  of  their  deposits;  and  that  he  transmit  a  like  return 
on  the  first  Monday  in  January  and  the  first  Monday  in  July,  annually. 

October  2,  1788. 

The  committee,  consisting  of  Mr.  Howard,  Mr.  Few,  Mr.  Dayton, 
Mr.  Oilman,  and  Mr.  Carrington,  appointed  to  make  full  enquiry  into 
the  proceedings  in  the  Department  of  War,  beg  leave  t<>  report  and  to 
present  to  the  view  of  Congress  a  summary  statement  of  the  various 
branches  of  the  Department  of  War. 

*  *  * 

9th.  Of  the  Ordnance  Department. — This  branch  of  the  Department 
of  War  is  important  and  interesting  to  the  Union. 

The  ordnance,  arms,  ammunition,  and  all  the  numerous  appendages 
and  complex  apparatus  belonging  thereto,  in  possession  of  the  United 
States,  are  highly  valuable  and  require  an  incessant  attention  to  their 
preservation. 


570       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

The  places  where  they  are  deposited  are  as  follows: 

Providence,  in  Rhode  Island.  Philadelphia. 

Springfield,  in  Massachusetts.  New  London  and  Manchester,  Vir- 

Mohawk  River.  .  ginia. 

West  Point,  on  Hudson's  River.  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Besides  which  there  are  considerable  quantities  of  shot  and  shells  at 
the  furnaces  at  which  they  were  cast.  The  proportions  at  the  respec- 
tive places  are  specified  in  the  returns  on  the  files  of  Congress. 

The  principal  arsenals  are  at  Springfield,  West  Point,  and  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  other  places  can  be  considered  as  only  temporary  accommoda- 
tions for  the  stores,  which  are  to  be  removed  as  soon  as  permanent 
arsenals  and  magazines  shall  be  decided  on  and  provided  by  the  United 
States. 

By  the  information  of  the  Secretary  at  War  it  appears  that  the  stores 
are  well  accommodated  at  Springfield,  in  wooden  buildings,  except  the 
magazine,  which  is  an  excellent  one,  built  of  brick  at  the  public  expense 
in  1782. 

That  the  powder  and  stores  are  well  accommodated  at  West  Point, 
although  the  buildings,  being  built  of  wood,  and  the  materials  unsea- 
soned, are  going  fast  to  decay. 

That  the  stores  in  Philadelphia  are  too  much  dispersed  in  different 
parts  of  the  city,  and  placed  in  buildings  illy  calculated  for  their 
reception. 

The  establishment  of  proper  and  permanent  arsenals  and  magazines 
is  an  object  of  high  importance  and  demands  the  serious  attention  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States.  But  as  the  expense  of  erecting 
suitable  buildings  for  this  purpose  will  be  great,  it  will  perhaps  be 
thought  advisable  to  defer  it  for  the  present. 

The  arms  at  Springfield  are  new  and  in  excellent  order,  the  Secre- 
tary at  War  having  had  the  whole  taken  to  pieces,  cleaned,  and  placed 
in  racks  prepared  for  the  purpose. 

About  5,000  arms  have  been  repaired  at  West  Point  and  are  fit  for 
immediate  service.  About  10,000  of  the  others  are  supposed  to  be 
worth  repairing,  and  this  necessary  work  is  going  on  at  that  post  on  a 
small  scale.  To  employ  the  number  of  workmen  requisite  to  effect  the 
business  in  one  year  would  be  too  expensive  for  the  public  finances. 
•These  arms  would  probably,  on  an  average,  cost  about  one  dollar  and 
a  half  each  to  put  them  in  complete  order.  Between  4,000  and  5,000 
arms  are  in  Virginia,  the  most  of  which  require  repairs. 

The  new  arms  in  Philadelphia  are  in  such  a  state  of  repair  as  to  need 
cleaning  only.  The  Secretary  at  War  has  been  constrained  to  defer 
this  operation  until  a  suitable  building  could  be  obtained  or  an  arsenal 
erected  in  which  so  to  deposit  them  that  they  can  be  kept  easily  in 
order. 

The  powder  at  Springfield  and  West  Point,  which  places  include  the 
greatest  quantities  in  possession  of  the  public,  is  in  excellent  order. 
Great  attention  has  been  annually  paid  to  this  article  in  having  it  aired, 
cleaned,  proved,  well  packed,  and  also  turned  frequently. 

The  brass  cannon  and  mortars  are  and  will  remain  fit  for  immediate 
service,  but  it  is  to  be  remarked  generally  that  no  new  carriages  for  the 
cannon  or  beds  for  the  mortars  nave  been  made  since  the  peace.  At 
Springfield  there  are  a  number  of  new  cannon  carriages  which  have 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  571 

never  been  in  service,  and  also  at  West  Point  there  are  a  number  fit 
for  service,  but  in  general  the  carriages  which  were  left  at  the  close 
of  the  war  are  too  defective  for  use. 

This  object  will  require  attention  when  the  finances  of  the  Union 
will  admit  of  replacing  the  carriages,  without  which  the  cannon  are  of 
little  service. 

The  ordnance  and  military  stores  at  the  several  arsenals  under  the 
charge  of  storekeepers  or  deputy  commissaries  of  military  stores  at 
the  following  rates  of  pay: 

Springfield — One  deputy  commissary,  at  40  dollars  per  month $480 

One  assistant,  15  dollars  per  month 180 

Providence — One  storekeeper,  8  ditto 96 

West  Point — One  deputy  commissary,  at  40  dollars  per  month 480 

Fort  Herkemer  and  the  Mohawk  River — One  storekeeper,  at  14  32/90 172 

Philadelphia — One  commissary  of  military  stores,  at  41  64/90  per  mo 500 

One  assistant,  30  dollars  per  month 360 

New  London  and  Manchester — One  deputy  commissary 480 

2,748 

There  are  also  deputy  commissaries  having  the  charge  of  the  public 
propert}^  in  South  Carolina  and  at  Carlisle,  but  they  will  soon  be 
discharged. 

Rents  of  buildings  and  West  Point. 

For  the  buildings  occupied  in  Philadelphia 752  60/90 

ditto  in  Virginia 350 

ditto  for  the  post  of  West  Point 400 

1,502  60/90 

On  the  establishment  of  permanent  arsenals,  and  the  stores  being 
collected  together,  the  expenses  arising  at  an}^  other  places  will  cease. 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  May  8,  1792  (1  Stats.,  279). 

AN  ACT  making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplying  the  Army 
with  .  .  .  military  stores,  .  .  .  and  all  other  supplies  or 
iirlicles  for  the  use  of  the  Department  of  War,  be  made  by  or  under 
the  direction  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  20,  1794  {1  Stats.,  3Jfi). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  t  he  defence  of  certain  posts  and  harlwrs  in  the  United  States. 


Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States 
to  .  .  .  cause  to  be  provided  one  hundred  cannon,  of  a  caliber 
each  to  carry  a  ball  of  thirty -two  pounds  weight,  and  one  hundred 
other  cannon  of  a  caliber  each  to  carry  a  ball  of  twenty-four  pounds 


572       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

weight,  together  with  the  carriages  and  implements  necessary  for  the 
same,  and  carriages  with  the  necessary  implements  for  one  hundred 
and  fifty  other  cannon,  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  cannon  shot.1 


Act  of  April  0,  179 J,.  (1  Stats.,  352). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  erecting  and  repairing  of  arsenals  and  magazines,  and 

for  other  purposes. 

Sec.  1.  That  for  the  safe-keeping  of  the  military  stores  there  shall 
be  established,  under  the  direction  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  three  or  four  arsenals,  with  magazines,  as  he  shall  judge  most 
expedient,  in  such  places  as  will  best  accommodate  the  different  parts 
of  the  United  States.  Either  or  both  of  the  arsenals  heretofore  used 
at  Springfield  and  Carlisle  to  be  continued  as  part  of  the  said  number, 
at  his  discretion:  Provided,  That  none  of  the  said  arsenals  be  erected 
until  purchases  of  the  land  necessary  for  their  accommodation  be  made, 
with  the  consent  of  the  legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the  same  is 
intended  to  be  erected. 

Sec.  2.  That  there  shall  be  established  at  each  of  the  aforesaid  arse- 
nals a  national  armory,  in  which  shall  be  employed  one  superintendent 
and  one  master  armorer  (who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States),  and  as  many  workmen  as  the  Secretary  for  the 
Department  of  War  shall  from  time  to  time  deem  necessaiy,  so  that 
the  whole  number  at  all  the  armories  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred; 
and  the  said  superintendents  shall  each  receive  as  a  compensation 
sevent}^  dollars  per  month,  and  the  said  master  armorers  each  fifty 
dollars  per  month.. 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  employed  an  officer  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  (under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  War)  to  superintend  the 
receiving,  safe- keeping,  and  distribution  of  the  military  stores  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  call  to  account  all  persons  to  whom  the  same  may 
be  intrusted.  He  shall  receive  for  his  compensation  at  the  rate  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty -five  dollars  per  month,  and  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  That  a  sum  not  exceeding  fifty-nine  thousand  dollars  be 
appropriated  for  the  erecting  and  repairing  of  the  arsenals  and  mag- 
azines aforesaid;  and  a  sum  not  exceeding  twenty -two  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  sixty-five  dollars  for  defraying  the  expense  of  the  national 
armories  for  one  year;  and  the  further  sum  of  three  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  dollars  to  be  applied,  under  the  direction  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  in  the  purchase  of  arms,  ammunition,  and  military 
stores,  which  said  several  sums  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  duties  on 
imports  and  tonnage  to  the  end  of  the  present  3rear. 

Sec.  5.  That  an  annual  account  of  the  expenses  of  the  national  armo- 
ries be  laid  before  the  Legislature  of  the  United  States,  together  with 
an  account  of  the  arms  made  and  repaired  therein. 

1  The  above  armament  was  intended,  as  provided  in  section  1,  for  the  fortifications 
at  Portland,  Me. ;  Portsmouth,  N.  H. ;  Gloucester,  Salem,  Marblehead,  and,  Boston, 
Mass.;  Newport,  R.  I.;  New  London,  Conn.;  New  York,  N.  Y.;  Philadelphia,  Pa.; 
Wilmir>  "ton,  Del.;  Baltimore,  Md.;  Norfolk  and  Alexandria,  Va.;  Cape  Fear  River 
and  Oc  ^o<:k  Inlet,  North  Carolina;  Charleston  and  Georgetown,  S.  C. ;  and  Savannah 
and  Saint  Mary's,  Ga. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  573 

Act  of  May  9,  179 %  (1  Stats.,  367). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  defence  of  certain  posts  and 
harbors  in  the  United  States." 

That  the  post  and  harbor  of  the  city  of  Annapolis  be  fortified,  .  .  . 
and  that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
.     .     .     provide  cannon  and  equipments,     .     .     . 

Act  of  May  22,  17 W  {1  Stats.,  369).1 

AN  ACT  prohibiting  for  a  limited  time  the  exportation  of  arms  and  ammunition,  and 
encouraging  the  importation  of  the  same. 

Sec.  1.  That  it  shall  not  be  lawful  to  export  from  the  United  States 
any  cannon,  muskets,  pistols,  bayonets,  swords,  cutlasses,  musket  balls, 
lead,  bombs,  grenades,  gunpowder,  sulphur,  or  saltpetre,  but  the  expor- 
tation of  all  the  aforesaid  articles  are  hereby  prohibited  for  and  during 
the  term  of  one  year. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  all  brass  cannon,  muskets  and  firelocks  with  bayonets 
suited  to  the  same,  pistols,  swords,  cutlasses,  musket  ball,  lead,  and 
gunpowder  which  shall  be  imported  into  the  United  States  from  any 
foreign  country  within  the  term  of  one  year,  and  all  sulphur  and  salt- 
petre which  shall  be  so  imported  within  the  term  of  two  years  from 
and  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  shall  be  free  of  duty,  anything  in  any 
former  law  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Act  of  February  23,  1795  (1  Stats.,  4.19). 

AN  ACT  to  establish  the  office  of  purveyor  of  public  supplies  2 

Sec.  1.  That  there  shall  be  in  the  Department  of  the  Treasury  an 
officer  to  be  denominated  "purveyor  of  public  supplies,"  whose  duty 
it  shall  be,  under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  to  conduct  the  procuring  and  providing  of  all  arms,  military 
.  .  .  stores,  .  .  .  and  generally  all  articles  of  supply  requisite 
for  the  service  of  the  Uhited  States.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  S,  1795  (1-444). — For  public  purposes  only,  the  President  was  authorized 
to  permit  the  exportation  of  arms,  cannon,  and  military  stores. 

Act  of  May  4,  1798  (1  Stats.,  555). 

AN  ACT  to  enable  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  procure  cannons,  arms, 
and  ammunition,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Sec.  1.  That  a  sum  not  exceeding  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars 
shall  be,  and  hereby  is,  appropriated,  and  shall  and  may  be  paid  out  of 
any  monies  not  before  appropriated,  under  the  direction  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  to  purchase,  as  soon  as  may  be,  a  sufficient 

'Sections  1  ami  5  of  this  act  reenacted  June  1  I,  1 7* »T ,  the  former  extending  pro- 
hibition to  .Inly  n»,  I7(.»s,  by  ad  of  \pril  7,  1798.  Section  I  as  amended  farmer 
extended  prohibition  until  May  1 1,  1800,  except  the  exportation  of  sulphur  and  salt- 
peter, which  Is  prohibited  Until  March  8,  1801. 

'The  otlice  was  abolished  after  May  31,  1812,  by  the  act  of  March  28,  1812. 


574       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

number  of  cannon,  also  a  supply  of  small  arms  and  of  ammunition  and 
military  stores,  to  be  deposited  and  used  as  will  be  most  conducive  to 
the  public  safety  and  defence,  at  the  discretion  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized,  in  case  he  shall  find  it  impracticable  to  procure  by  pur- 
chase with  certainty^  and  dispatch  proportionate  to  the  necessities  of 
the  public  service  the  cannon  and  arms  hereby  required,  and  any  con- 
siderable part  thereof  shall  be  likely  to  be  deficient,  to  take  by  lease, 
for  a  term  of  years,  or  by  sale  in  fee  to  the  United  States,  one  or 
more  suitable  'place  or  places  where  cannon  or  small  arms  may  be 
advantageously  cast  and  manufactured,  and  shall  and  may  there  estab- 
lish founderies  and  armouries  for  the  manufacture  of  the  same,  respec- 
tively, and  shall  cause  suitable  artisans  and  laborers  to  be  there 
employed  for  account  of  the  United  States;  and  shall  and  may  appoint 
one  or  more  persons  to  superintend  the  said  works,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Department  of  War.  And  an  account  of  the  expenditures  which 
shall  be  incurred  in  forming  and  employing  these  establishments,  and 
of  the  cannon  and  arms  which  shall  be  cast  and  manufactured  therein, 
respectively,  shall  be  laid  before  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  at 
their  next  session,  and  annually  thereafter,  so  long  as  the  same  shall 
be  continued. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  shall  be,  and 
hereby  is,  appropriated,  and  shall  be  paid  out  of  any  monies  not  before 
appropriated,  for  the  hire,  purchase,  and  employ  of  the  said  founderies 
and  armouries,  respectively,  in  case  such  establishments  shall  be  found 
necessary,  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

Act  of  May  £8,  1798  (1  Stats.,  558). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  raise  a  provisional  army. 
*  .  *  * 

Sec.  13.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  to  cause  to  be  purchased  and  procured  a  quantity 
of  caps,  swords  or  sabres,  and  pistols  with  holsters,  not  exceeding 
what  may  be  sufficient  for  four  thousand  cavalry,  and  to  be  deposited 
in  the  parts  of  the  United  States  where  he  shall  deem  it  most  conven- 
ient for  the  supply  of  any  corps  of  cavalry  which  shall  be  called  into 
the  actual  service  of  the  United  States.     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  6,  1798  (1  Stats.,  576). 

AN  ACT  providing  arms  for  the  militia  throughout  the  United  States. 

Sec.  1.  That  there  shall  be  provided,  at  the  charge  and  expense  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  thirty  thousand  stand  of  arms, 
which  shall  be  deposited,  by  order  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  at  suitable  places,  for  the  purpose  of  being  sold  to  the  govern- 
ments of  the  respective  States,  or  the  militia  thereof,  under  such  regu- 
lations and  at  such  prices  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall 
prescribe. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  575 

Act  of  July  16,  1798  (1  Stats.,  610). 

A  X  ACT  to  alter  and  amend  the  several  acts  for  the  establishment  and  regulation  of 
the  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  Departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  f or 
the  military  .  .  .  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be  made  by 
or  under  the  direction  of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Departments  of  War 
.  .  .  .,  and  all  agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  services  as  afore- 
said shall  render  their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the 
proper  department  for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required, 
subject,  nevertheless,  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of 
the  Treasury  in  manner  before  prescribed. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  purveyor  of  public  supplies 
to  execute  all  such  orders  as  he  may  from  time  to  time  receive  from 
the  Secretaiy  of  War  .  .  .  relative  to  the  procuring-  and  provid- 
ing of  all  kinds  of  stores  and  supplies;  and  shall  render  his  accounts 
relative  thereto  to  the  accountants  of  the  proper  departments,  which 
accounts  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers 
of  the  Treasury  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  provision  of  the  act  passed  on  the  eighth  day  of 
May,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-two,  entitled  '"An  act 
making  alterations  in  the  Treasury  and  War  Departments,"  and  the 
act  passed  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  February,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety-five,  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  the  office  of 
purveyor  of  public  supplies,"  so  far  as  the  same  are  repugnant  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  6.  That  all  contracts  to  be  made  by  virtue  of  this  act,  or  of  any 
law  of  the  United  States,  and  requiring  the  advance  of  mone}^,  or  to 
be  in  any  manner  connected  with  the  settlement  of  public  accounts, 
shall  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States  within  ninety  days  after  their  date*,  respectively. 

Act  of  May  7,  1800  (2  Stats.,  61). 

AN  ACT  for  the  regulation  of  public  arsenals  and  magazines. 

Sec.  1.  That  the  several  officers  who  now  are,  or  hereafter  may  be, 
employed  in  the  armories  of  the  United  States  shall  be  entitled  to  and 
shall  receive  the  following  compensations,  in  addition  to  their  pay  as 
established  by  law,  to  wit:  A  superintendent  of  such  armory,  three 
rations  per  day  or  an  equivalent  in  money;  and  a  master  armorer, 
two  rations  per  day  or  an  equivalent  in  money. 

*  *  * 

Si:< .  3.  That  if  any  artificer  or  workman  hired,  retained,  or  employed 
in  any  public  arsenal  or  armory  shall,  wantonly  and  carelessly,  break, 

i  in  I  »aii-,  or  destroy  any  implements,  tools,  or  utensils,  or  any  stock,  or 
materials  for  making  guns,  the  property  of  the  United  States;  or  shall 
wilfully  and  obstinately  refuse  to  perform  the  services  lawfully  assigned 
to  him  pursuant  to  his  contract,  every  such  person  shall  forfeit  a  sum 
not  exceeding  twenty  dollars  for  every  such  act  of  disobedience  or 
breach  of  contract,  to  be  recovered  in  any  court  having  competent 
jurisdiction  thereof. 
Sec.  4.  That  all  artificers  and  workmen  who  are  or  shall  be  emplo37ed 


576       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

in  the  said  armories  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  exempted  during 
their  term  of  service  from  all  military  service  and  service  as  jurors  in 
any  court. 

Act  of  March  3,  1803  (2  Stats.,  21^1). 

AN  ACT  directing  a  detachment  from  the  militia  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

erecting  certain  arsenals. 

*  •  * 

Sec.  o.1  That  twenty -five  thousand  dollars  be  appropriated  for 
erecting,  at  such  place  or  places  on  the  Western  waters  as  the  President 
may  judge  most  proper,  one  or  more  arsenals;  and  that  the  President 
cause  the  same  to  be  furnished  with  such  arms,  ammunition,  and  mili- 
tary stores  as  he  may  deem  necessary. 

Act  of  April  £3,  1808  (2  Stats.,  490). 

AN  ACT  making  provision  for  arming  and  equipping  the  whole  body  of  the  militia 

of  the  United  States.2 


Sec.  2.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  purchase  sites  for  and  erect  such  additional  arsenals  and 
manufactories  of  arms  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  under  the  limita- 
tions and  restrictions  now  provided  by  law:  Provided  also,  That  so 
much  of  any  law  as  restricts  the  number  of  workmen  in  the  armories 
of  the  United  States  to  one  hundred  men  be,  and  the  same  hereby  is, 
repealed. 


Act  of  March  28,  1812  (2  Stats.,  696). 

i 
AN  ACT  to  establish  a  Quartermaster's  Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 


.  Sec.  17.  That  there  shall  be  four  conductors  of  artillery,  who  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  President  alone,  each  of  whom  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  lieutenant  of  artillery. 


Act  of  May  U,  1812  (2  Stats.,  732). 
AN  ACT  for  the  better  regulation  of  the  ordnance. 

That  there  be,  and  hereby  is,  established  an  Ordnance  Department, 
to  consist  of  a  commissary -general  of  ordnance,  an  assistant  commis- 
sary-general, four  deputy  commissaries,  and  as  many  assistant  deputy 
commissaries  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  may  think  neces- 
sary, not  exceeding  eight. 

1  Repealed  by  section  7  of  act  of  April  18,  1806  (2-383). 

2The  organic  law  (May  8,  1792,  1-271)  for  establishing  a  uniformed  militia  through- 
out the  United  States  provided  that  every  man  enrolled  provide  himself  with  suit- 
able arms;  by  the  act  of  July  6,  1798  (1-576),  30,000  stands  of  arms  were  to  be  provided 
at  public  expense  and  sold  to  the  State  governments.  The  above  act  regulated  the 
issues  of  arms  to  States  and  Territories  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  the  effective 
militia  in  each. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  577 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Commissary-General  be  authorized,  from  time  to 
time,  to  employ  as  many  wheelwrights,  carriage  makers,  blacksmiths, 
and  lal)orers  as  the  public  service  may,  in  his  judgment,  require. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  commissary-general  of  ordnance  shall  be  entitled 
to  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  infantry,  and  be  fur- 
ther allowed,  at  the  rate  of  five  hundred  dollars  per  year  and  four 
rations  per  day,  for  clerks  in  his  department;  the  assistant  commissary  - 
general  of  ordnance  shall  be  entitled  to  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 
of  a  major  of  infantry,  with  three  additional  rations  per  day;  the 
deputy  commissaries  of  ordnance  shall  be  entitled  to  the  rank,  pay, 
and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of  infantry,  with  two  additional  rations 
per  day  and  forage  for  one  horse;  the  assistant  deputies  shall  have 
the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  second  lieutenant  of  infantry,  with 
one  additional  ration  per  day. 

Sec.  4.  That  a  master  wheelwright  and  carriage  maker  and  a  master 
blacksmith  be  allowed  thirty  dollars  each  per  month  and  one  ration 
and  one-half  of  a  ration  per  day;  that  anyr  other  wheelwrights,  carriage 
makers,  and  blacksmith 3  be  allowed  each  sixteen  dollars  per  month 
and  one  ration  and  one-half  of  a  ration  per  day;  that  the  laborers  each 
be  allowed  nine  dollars  per  month  and  one  ration  per  day. 

Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissary-general  of 
ordnance  to  direct  the  inspection  and  proving  of  all  pieces  of  ordnance, 
cannon  balls,  shells,  and  shot  procured  for  the  use  of  the  Army  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  direct  the  construction  of  all  carriages  and  every 
apparatus  for  ordnance  for  garrison  and  field  service  and  all  ammu- 
nition wagons,  pontons,  and  traveling  forges;  also  the  direction  of 
laboratories,  the  inspection  and  proving  the  public  powder,  and  the 
preparing  all  kinds  of  ammunition  for  garrison  and  field  service,  and 
shall,  half  yearly,  examine  all  ordnance  carriages,  ammunition,  and 
apparatus  in  the  respective  fortresses,  magazines,  and  arsenals  and 
cause  the  same  to  be  preserved  and  kept  in  good  order. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  commissary -general  of  ordnance  shall  execute  all 
orders  issued  by  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War  in  convey- 
ing all  ordnance,  ammunition,  and  apparatus  to  the  respective  armies, 
garrisons,  magazines,  and  arsenals,  and  in  time  of  war  he  shall  execute 
all  orders  of  any  general  officer,  commanding  in  an  army  or  garrison, 
for  the  supply  of  ordnance,  ammunition,  carriages,  pontons,  forges, 
furnaces,  or  apparatus  for  garrison,  field,  or  siege  service,  and  for- 
ward the  same  without  delay  and  in  good  condition. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  commissary-general  of  ordnance  shall,  half  yearly, 
transmit  to  the  Department  of  war  a  correct  return  of  all  ordnance, 
ammunition,  military  stores,  and  effects  in  the  respective  garrisons, 
arsenals,  magazines,  posts,  and  camps,  with  a  statement  of  their  order, 
quality,  and  condition;  and  also  what  may  be  necessary  to  keep  up  an 
ample  supply  of  each  and  every  article  in  the  Ordnance  Department, 
and  shall  in  all  things  faithfully  and  without  delay  execute  the  orders 
of  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War  touching  the  same. 

>i .<  .  8.  That  the  superintendents  of  military  stores,  keepers  of  mag 
azines  and  arsenals,  shall,  half  yearly,  make  correct  returns  to  the  com 
missary-genera]  of  ordnance  of  all  military  stores  that  they  respec- 
tively have  in  charge;  and  that  the  assistant  commissary-general  of 
ordnance,  the  deputy  commissaries,  and  assistant  deputies  shall  faith- 
fully and  without  delay  execute  all  orders  that  shall  be  issued  by  the 
Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  the  Commanding  General,  in 
time  of  war,  of  any  corps,  camp,  or  garrison,  or  of  the  commissary  - 
S.  Doc.  229 37 


578       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

general  of  ordnance,  in  their  respective  departments,  by  virtue  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  commissary -general  of  ordnance  shall  make  a  cor- 
rect report  of  the  artificers  and  laborers  from  time  to  time  employed 
by  him,  and  transmit  the  same  to  the  Adjutant-General. 

*  •  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1813  (£  Slats.,  816). 

AN  ACT  the  better  to  provide  for  the  supplies  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and 
for  the  accountability  of  persons  entrusted  with  the  same. 

That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the 
erecting  and  repairing  of  arsenals  and  magazines,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," passed  on  the  second  day  of  April,  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  ninety-four,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed  from  and  after 
the  thirty -first  day  of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirteen. 

Sec.  2.  [That  the  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  shall] 
prescribe  the  forms  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and 
supplies  purchased,  on  hand,  distributed,  used,  or  sold,  to  be  rendered 
by  the  commissaiy  of  ordnance  and  officers  in  his  department.     .     .     . 

Sec.  3.  That  .  .  .  the  commissary  of  ordnance,  his  assistants 
and  deputies  .  .  .  who  shall  have  received,  or  may  be  entrusted 
with  an}^  stores  or  supplies  of  any  description  whatever  for  the  use  of 
the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  volunteers  or  militia  in 
their  service,  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  of  the  disposition  and 
state  of  all  such  stores  and  supplies  to  the  superintendent  aforesaid, 
and  shall  also  make  such  other  returns  respecting  the  same,  and  at  such 
other  times  as  the  Secretary  for  the  War  Department  may  prescribe: 
Provided,  however,  That  the  accounts  and  returns  thus  rendered  shall 
relate  to  the  articles  of  supply  only  which  may  have  been  received  and 
disposed  of  or  as  umy  remain  on  hand,  and  shall  not  embrace  the  spe- 
cie accounts  for  monies  disbursed  by  such  officers  .  .  ;  which 
specie  accounts  shall  be  rendered  as  heretofore  to  the  accountant  for 
the  War  Department. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  officers  .  .  .  who  may  receive  monies  in 
advance  from  the  War  Department  shall  render  quarterly  accounts  to 
the  accountant  of  the  said  Department  of  their  specie  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements, and  shall,  moreover,  make  such  other  monthly  summary 
statements  thereof  to  the  Secretary  for  the  said  Department  as  he  may 

prescribe.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1813 x  (2  Stats.,  819). 

AN  ACT"  for  the  better  organization  of  the  general  staff  of- the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  the  number  of  assistant  deputy  commissaries  of  ord- 
nance shall  not  exceed  sixteen,  and  that  they  shall,  respectively,  be 
entitled  to  the  brevet  rank  and  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  first 
lieutenant  of  infantry. 

•  *  * 

1  The  superintendent-general  of  military  supplies,  authorized  to  be  appointed  under 
this  act,  Mas  not  a  staff  officer  but  a  civilian  with  a  salary  of  $3,000 per  annum,  His 
duties  were  to  keep  proper  accounts  of  all  military  stores  and  supplies  of  every  de- 
scription purchased  for  the  Army,  the  volunteers,  and  the  militia,  and  to  prescribe 
/onus  of  all  the  returns  and  accounts  of  such  stores  and  supplies,  etc. 


THE    OKDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  579 

Sec.  11.  That  all  letters  and  packets  to  and  from  the  .  .  .  com- 
missary-general of  ordnance  .  .  .  which  relate  to  their  official 
duties  shall  be  free  from  postage. 


Act  of  August  2,  1813  (3  Stats.,  75). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  the  act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  better  regulation  of  the 

ordnance. ' ' 

That  in  addition  to  the  present  number  allowed  by  law,  as  many 
deputy'  commissaries  of  ordnance  may  be  appointed,  not  exceeding  five, 
as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  deem  necessary  to  the  pub- 
lic service,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  rank,  pay,  emoluments, 
iat ions,  and  forage  as  are  now  provided  by  the  act  to  which  this  is  a 
supplement. 

Act  of  March  30,  181  J,,  {3  Stats.,  113).1 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organizing,  paying,  and  supplying  the  Army  of  the  United 

States. 


Sec.  16.  That  the  commissary-general  of  ordnance  may  employ  in 
his  department,  besides  blacksmiths  and  wheelwrights,  other  mechanics, 
such  as  the  public  service  may  require,  who  shall,  together  with  the 
said  blacksmiths  and  wheelwrights,  be  mustered  under  the  general 
denomination  of  artificers;  and  such  artificers,  being  hereafter  or  hav- 
ing been  heretofore  enlisted  to  serve  for  the  term  of  five  years  or  dur- 
ing the  war,  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  allowance  of  clothing  as  is  or 
may  be  provided  for  the  soldiers  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  17.  That  the  laborers  who  may  be  hereafter  enlisted  to  serve 
in  the  Ordnance  Department  for  the  term  of  five  years,  or  during  the 
war,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  bounty  of  twenty-five  dollars  in  money  and 
the  same  annual  allowance  of  clothing  as  is  or  may  be  provided  for  the 
soldiers  of  the  Army. 


Act  of  February  8,  1815  (3  Stats.,  °203). 
AN  ACT  for  the  better  regulation  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment shall  consist  of  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors, 
Itii  captains,  ten  first  lieutenants,  ten  second  lieutenants,  and  ten  third 
lieutenants. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  colonel  or  senior  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment is  authorized  to  enlist  for  the  service  of  that  department,  for 
five  years,  as  many  master  armorers,  master  carriage  makers,  master 
blacksmiths,  artificers,  armorers,  carriage  makers,  blacksmiths,  and 
laborers  as  the  public  service,  in  his  judgment,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  may  require. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall   be  the  duty  of  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance 


'Section  8  provides  for  the  aeaignmenl  of  one  of  the  second  lieutenants  in  each 
Company  for  the  duty  of  receiving  and  accounting  for  all  ammunition,  Implements, 
and  cannon  furnished  the  company  l>y  the  Ordnance  Department. 


580       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Department  to  direct  the  inspection  and  proving  of  all  pieces  of  ord- 
nance, cannon  balls,  shot,  shells,  small  arms,  and  side  arms,  and  equip- 
ments procured  for  the  use  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  and  to 
direct  the  construction  of  all  cannon  and  carriages  and  every  imple- 
ment and  apparatus  for  ordnance,  and  all  ammunition  wagons,  travelling 
forges,  and  artificers'  wagons,  the  inspection  and  proving  of  powder, 
and  the  preparation  of  all  kinds  of  ammunition  and  ordnance  stores. 
And  it  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  colonel  or  senior  officer  of  the 
Ordnance  Department  to  furnish  estimates,  and,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  to  make  contracts  and  pur- 
chases, for  procuring  the  necessary  supplies  of  arms,  equipments, 
ordnance,  and  ordnance  stores. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  organize 
and  attach  to  regiments,  corps,  or  garrisons  such  number  of  artificers, 
with  proper  tools,  carriages,  and  apparatus,  under  such  regulations 
and  restrictions  relative  to  their  government  and  number  as,  in  his 
judgment,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Secretary  for  the  Department 
of  War,  may  be  considered  necessary. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  colonel  of  the  "Ordnance  Department,  or  senior 
officer  of  that  department  of  any  district,  shall  execute  all  orders  of 
the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  and,  in  time  of  war,  the 
orders  of  any  general  or  field  officer  commanding  any  army,  garrison, 
or  detachment,  for  the  supply  of  all  arms,  ordnance,  ammunition,  car- 
riages, forges,  and  apparatus  for  garrison,  field,  or  siege  service. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  keepers  of  all  magazines  and  arsenals  shall,  quar- 
terly, or  oftener  if  so  directed,  and  in  such  manner  as  directed  by  the 
colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  make  correct  returns  to  the 
colonel  or  senior  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Department  of  all  ordnance, 
arms,  and  ordnance  stores  they  may  have  in  charge. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  costs  of  repairs  or  damages  done  to  arms,  equip- 
ments, or  implements  in  the  use  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  pay  of  any  officer  or  soldier  in  whose  care 
or  use  the  said  arms,  equipments,  or  implements  were  when  the  said 
damage  occurred:  Provided,  The  said  damages  were  occasioned  by  the 
abuse  or  negligence  of  the  said  officer  or  soldier.  And  it  is  hereby 
made  the  duty  of  every  officer  commanding  regiments,  corps,  garri- 
sons, or  detachments  to  make,  once  every  two  months,  or  oftener  if 
so  directed,  a  written  report  to  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment, stating  all  damage  to  arms,  equipments,  and  implements  belonging 
to  his  command,  noting  those  occasioned  by  negligence  or  abuse,  and 
naming  the  officer  or  soldier  by  whose  negligence  or  abuse  the  said 
damages  were  occasioned. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  make 
half  yearly  to  the  War  Department,  or  oftener,  if  the  Secretary  for 
that  Department  shall  so  direct,  a  correct  report  of  the  officers  and  all 
artificers  and  laborers  in  his  department;  also  of  all  ordnance,  arms, 
military  stores,  implements,  and  apparatus  of  every  description,  and 
in  such  form  as  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War  shall  direct. 

Sec.  9.  That  to  insure  system  and  uniformity  in  the  different  public 
armories  they  are  hereby  placed  under  the  direction  of  the  Ordnance 
Department.  And  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  is  hereby 
authorized  to  establish  depots  of  arms,  ammunition,  and  ordnance  stores 
in  such  parts  of  the  United  States  and  in  such  numbers  as  may  be 
deemed  necessary. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  581 

Sec.  10.  That  the  colonel  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  is  hereby 
authorized  to  draw  up  a  .system  of  regulations  for  the  government  of 
the  Ordnance  Department,  forms  of  returns  and  reports,  and  for  the 
uniformity  of  manufactures  of  all  arms,  ordnance,  ordnance  stores, 
implements,  and  apparatus,  and  for  the  repairing  and  better  preserva- 
tion of  the  same. 

Sec.  11.  That  the  pay,  emoluments,  and  allowances  for  the  officers 
of  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  be  the  same  as  the  pay,  emoluments, 
and  allowances  now  allowed  to  officers  of  similar  grades,  respectively, 
in  the  artillery  of  the  United  States.  And  that  the  pay  of  a  master 
armorer  shall  be  thirty  dollars  per  month  and  one  and  a  half  rations 
per  day;  of  a  master  carriage  maker,  thirty  dollars  per  month  and 
one  and  a  half  rations  per  day;  the  pay  of  armorers,  carriage  makers, 
or  blacksmiths,  each  sixteen  dollars  per  month  and  one  and  a  half 
rations  per  day ;  the  pay  of  artificers,  thirteen  dollars  per  month  and 
one  ration  per  day ;  and  the  pay  of  laborers,  nine  dollars  per  month 
and  one  ration  per  dajT;  and  to  all  of  the  said  workmen,  artificers,  and 
laborers  the  same  clothing  and  other  allowances  as  are  allowed  to 
privates  of  infantry  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  except  clothing 
to  the  master  workmen. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  continue  in  the  service,  under  this  act,  all  the  officers  of  the 
Ordnance  Department  in  service  on  the  passage  of  the  same,  or  to 
transfer  them  to  other  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  the  act  passed  May  the  fourteenth,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  twelve,  entitled  "An  act  for  the  better  regulation 
of  the  Ordnance  Department."  and  the  sections  of  any  other  acts  com- 
ing within  the  purview  of  any  of  the  sections  of  this  act  be,  and  the 
same  are  herebj^  repealed. 

May  17,  1815. —  .  .  .  The  acts  of  Congress  establishing  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment,    .     .     .     remain  in  force;     .     .     .     {General  Orders,  A.  and  I.  G.'s  Office. ) 

Act  of  April  29,  1816  (3  Stats.,  323). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  compensation  of  the  superintendents  of  the  manufactories 
of  arms  at  Springfield  and  Harper's  Ferry. 

That  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  rations  as  at  present  fixed  of  the 
superintendents  of  the  manufactories  of  arms  at  Springfield  and  Har- 
per's Ferry  they  shall  receive  thirty  dollars  per  month  and  one  ration 
per  day 

Act  of  March  2,  1821  (3  Stats.,  615). 

A  \  ACT  to  reduce  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  be  merged  in  the  artil- 
lery; and  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  select  from  the  regiments  of  artillery  such  officers  as 
may  be  necessary  to  perform  ordnance  duties,  who,  while  so  detached, 
- 1  ml  1  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  now  received  by  ordnance  officers, 
and  shall  be  subject  only  to  the  orders  of  the  War  Department;  and 
that  the  number  of  enlisted  men  in  the  Ordnance  Department  be 
reduced  to  tifty-six. 


582       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  March  3,  1823  (3  Stats.,  788). 
AN  ACT  to  establish  a  national  armory  on  the  Western  waters. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  employ  a  skilful  engineer  or  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment, with  such  other  person  or  persons  as  he  may  judge  proper,  to 
examine  the  most  suitable  site  for  a  national  armory  on  the  Western 
waters.     .     .     . 

Act  of  March  3,  1825  (4  Stats.,  127). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  sale  of  unserviceable  ordnance,  arms,  and  military  stores. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  cause  to  be  sold  any  ordnance,  arms,  ammunition,  or  other 
military  stores  .  .  .  which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey, 
shall  appear  to  be  damaged  or  otherwise  unsuitable  for  the  public 
service  whenever,  in  his  opinion,  the  sale  of  such  unserviceable  stores 
will  be  advantageous  to  the  public  service. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  inspection  or  survey  of  the  unserviceable  stores 
shall  be  made  by  an  inspector-general,  or  such  other  officer  or  officers 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  appoint  for  that  purpose;  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

May  18,  1826  (4-173). — In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or 
of  damage  to  such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage, 
to  be  charged  against  the  responsible  officer  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency 
or  damage  was  not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

Act  of  May  20,  1826  (j.  Stats.,  178). 

AN  ACT  concerning  the  United  States  arsenal  in  Georgia. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  cause 
to  be  purchased,  in  the  vicinity  of  Augusta,  a  suitable  site  for  an 
United  States  arsenal  and  to  be  erected  thereon  such  buildings  as  may 
be  necessary,  in  lieu  of  those  at  this  time  occupied  for  such  purpose: 
Provided,  Such  site  can  be  obtained  upon  reasonable  terms,  and  with 
a  proper  regard  to  health  and  to  the  public  conveniences:  And  pro- 
vided also,  That  the  consent  of  the  proper  authorities  of  the  State  of 
Georgia  shall  be  given  thereto  and  the  jurisdiction  over  the  same  be 
ceded  to  the  United  States. 


Act  of  May  20,  1826  (4  Stats.,  T?9). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  War  Department  to  purchase  a  site  for  an 
arsenal  at  St.  Louis,  in  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  an 
arsenal  on  the  same. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  War  Department  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  purchase,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  effected  on  reasonable  terms, 
a  site  for  an  arsenal  at  or  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  and 
to  cause  to  be  erected  such  an  arsenal  on  the  same  as  may  be  deemed 
proper  for  the  safe-keeping  of  the  arms  and  munitions  of  the  United 
States  on  that  frontier.     .     .     . 

March  3,  1827  (4,  241)- — Secretary  of  War  was  authorized  to  purchase  a  site  for  an 
arsenal  in  the  town  of  Augusta,  Me, 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  583 

Act  of  May  H,  1828  (4  Stats.,  304). 

AN  ACT  authorizing  the  establishment  of  an  arsenal  on  the  waters  of  Mobile  or 

Pensacola  bays. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and 
required  to  procure,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  effected  on  reasonable  terms, 
a  site  for  an  arsenal  on  the  waters  of  Mobile  or  Pensacola  bays,  and  to 
cause  to  be  erected  thereon  such  an  arsenal  as  may  be  deemed  proper 
for  the  safe-keeping  of  the  arms  and  munitions  of  war  of  the  United 
States  for  the  Mexican  Gulf  frontier.     .     .     . 

Act  of  April  5, 1832  (4  Stats.,  504). 
AN  ACT  providing  for  the  organization  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment shall  consist  of  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors, 
and  ten  captains,  and  as  many  enlisted  men  as  the  public  service  may 
require,  not  exceeding  two  hundred  and  fifty. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  authorized  to  select  from  the 
sergeants  of  the  line  of  the  Army  who  shall  have  faithfully  served 
eight  years  in  the  service,  four  years  of  which  in  the  grade  of  non- 
ce anmissioned  officer,  as  many  ordnance-sergeants  as  the  service  may 
require,  not  to  exceed- one  to  each  military  post,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  receive  and  preserve  the  ordnance,  arms,  ammunition,  and 
other  military  stores  at  the  post,  under  the  direction  of  the  command- 
ing officer  of  the  same,  and  under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  who  shall  receive  for  their 
services  five  dollars  per  month  in  addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  first  section  of  the  act  passed  on  the  eighth  of  Feb- 
ruary, one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifteen,  entitled  "An  act  for 
the  better  regulation  of  the  Ordnance  Department,"  and  so  much  of 
the  second  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  reduce  and  fix  the 
military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States,"  passed  the  second 
of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-one,  as  provides 
for  otic  supernumerary  captain  to  each  regiment  of  artillery,  to  per- 
form ordnance  duty,  and  so  much  of  the  fourth  section  of  the  same 
act  as  merges*  the  Ordnance  Department  in  the  artillery  and  reduces 
the  number  of  enlisted  men  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby,  repealed: 
/'/■f/trided,  That  nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  as 
to  divest  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  authority  to  select 
from  the  regiments  of  artillery  such  number  of  lieutenants  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  performance  of  the  duties  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment. 

Sec.  4.  That  all  officers  and  enlisted  men  authorized  by  this  act 
shall  be  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  that  the  officers 
shall  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  now  allowed,  or  which  may 
hereafter  be  allowed,  to  artillery  officers. 

Act  of  June  14,  1836  (5  Stats.,  47). 
AN  ACT  to  establish  an  arsenal  of  construction  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina. 

That  the  sum  of  forty-five  thousand  dollars  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  appropriated  .  .  .  towards  the  purchase  of  a  site  and 
the  building  of  tin  arsenal  of  deposit  and  general  construction  near 
the  town  of  Fayetteville,  in  fho  Stale  of  North  Carolina* 


584       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  July  2,  1836  (5  Stats.,  77). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  certain  fortifications  of  the  United  States  for  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-six,  and  for  other  purposes. 

.  .  .  For  the  purchase  of  sites,  and  the  construction  of  arsenals, 
for  the  deposit  of  arms  in  Arkansas,  Missouri,  and  at  Memphis,  Ten- 
nessee, forty-two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty-six  dollars:  Provided, 
That  the  cost  of  such  arsenal  shall  not  exceed  fourteen  thousand  dollars 
each. 


Act  of  July  5, 1838  (5  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  present  military  establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 


Sec.  13.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  add  to  the  Ordnance  Department,  whenever  he  may  deem 
it  expedient  to  increase  the  same,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate, 
two  majors;  and  that  he  be  further  authorized  to  transfer  ten  first  lieu- 
tenants and  ten  second  lieutenants  from  the  artillery  to  the  Ordnance 
Department,  and  that  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  the  officers  of  the 
said  department  shall  be  the  same  as  those  allowed  to  the  officers  of  the 
regiment  of  dragoons. 

Sec.  14.  That  so  much  of  the  fourth  section  of  the  act  passed  fifth 
of  April,  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-two,  for  the  organization  of  the 
Ordnance  Department  as  authorized  the  officers  of  ordnance  to  receive 
the  same  pay  and  emoluments  now  allowed  artillery  officers  shall  be 
construed  to  include  the  ten  dollars  per  month  additional  pay  to  every 
officer  in  the  actual  command  of  a  company  as  compensation  for  the  duties 
and  responsibilities  with  respect  to  clothing,  arms,  and  accoutrements 
of  the  company,  under  the  authority  of  the  second  section  of  the  act 
passed  second  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  twenty-seven,  giving 
further  compensation  to  the  captains  and  subalterns  of  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  in  certain  cases:  Provided,  That  the  officers  of  the 
Ordnance  Department  claiming  the  compensation  for  such  duties  and 
responsibilities  shall  have  been  actually  in  the  command  of  enlisted 
men  of  the  ordnance  equal  to  a  company  of  artillery,  and  thereby 
incurred  the  aforesaid  responsibilities. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  21.  That  all  letters  and  packages  on  public  business  to  and 
from     .     .     .     the  colonel  of  ordnance     .     .     .     shall  be  free  from 

postage. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  the  compensation  hereafter  to  be  allowed  to  such 
ordnance  storekeepers  as  shall  be  designated  as  paymasters  shall  not 
exceed  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  a  captain  of  ordnance. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  32.  That  the  superintendents  of  the  armories  at  Springfield  and 
Harper's  Ferry  shall  nereafter  receive  each  the  sum  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred dollars  and  rations,  fuel,  and  quarters  as  at  present  authorized; 
and  that  the  master  armorers  of  the  same  shall  each  receive  the  sum 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  585 

u  twelve  hundred  dollars,  and  fuel,  and  quarters  us  at  present  author- 
ized; and  that  the  aforesaid  sums  and  allowances  to  the  officers  afore- 
said shall  be  in  full  compensation  for  their  services,  respectively. 


Act  of  July  7,  1838  (5  Stats.,  308). 

AN  ACT  supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  increase  the  present  military 
establishment  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fifth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-eight. 

That  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement  shall  be,  and  the  same 
hereby  is,  explained,  limited,  and  modified  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Fourth,  That  the  number  of  lieutenants  authorized  by  said  act  to 
be  added  and  transferred  to  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  be  limited 

to  twelve. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  August  23,  181$  (5  Stats.,  512). 

AN  ACT  respecting  the  organization  of  the  Army,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  offices  of  the  superintendents  of  the  armories  at 
Springfield  and  at  Harper's  Ferry  shall  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby, 
abolished,  and  the  duties  thereof  shall  be  performed  by  such  officers  of 
the  Ordnance  Corps  as  shall  be  designated  by  the  President;  and  that 
from  and  after  the  first  day  of  October  next  the  master  armorers  at 
the  national  armories  shall  receive  each  twelve  hundred  dollars  annually, 
payable  quarter  yearly;  and  the  inspectors  and  clerks  each  eight  hun- 
dred dollars  per  annum;  and  the  paymasters  and  military  storekeepers 
at  the  armories  and  at  the  arsenals  of  construction  at  Pittsburg,  Water- 
vliet,  and  Washington  City  shall  receive  each  twelve  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  annually,  pa}rable  m  like  manner,  and  the  said  paymasters  and 
military  storekeepers  shall  give  security  for  the  faithful  discharge  of 
their  duties  in  such  sum  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  prescribe.  And 
the  two  military  storekeepers,  authorized  by  the  act  of  second  of 
March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty -one,  shall  receive  each 
twelve  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  annum.  And  no  military  store- 
keeper at  arsenals  shall,  after  the  first  day  of  October  next,  receive  as 
pay  or  emoluments  beyond  eight  hundred  dollars  per  annum  besides 
quarters  actually  provided  and  occupied  as  such,  and  the  number  author- 
ized to  be  thus  employed  is  hereby  limited  to  ten;  and  all  other  offices 
of  military  storekeepers  are  hereby  abolished  and  discontinued  on  and 
after  said  first  day  of  October,  and  the  officers  hereby  dismissed  shall 
be  allowed  three  months'  pay  in  addition  to  the  pay  and  emoluments  to 
which  they  may  be  entitled  on  that  day.  And  none  of  the  above-named 
officers,  and  no  officers  at  the  armories,  of  any  grade  whatever,  shall 
hereafter  receive  emoluments  of  any  kind,  or  any  compensation  or 
commutation  beyond  their  stipulated,  pay  in  money,  except  quarters 
actually  provided  for  and  occupied  by  such  officers. 

*  * 

Sec.  •"».  That  a  competent  person  may  be  employed  by  the  Ordnance 
Bureau,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  lor  such  time 


580       LEGISLATIVE  UISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.    ARMY. 

as  may  be  necessary,  to  superintend  the  manufacture  of  iron  cannon 
at  the  several  foundries  where  such  cannon  ma}^  be  made  under  con- 
tracts with  the  United  States,  whose  pay  and  emoluments  shall  not 
exceed  those  of  a  major  of  ordnance  during  the  time  he  shall  be  so 
employed,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  appropriations  for  armament  of  forti- 
fications; and  for  the  services  rendered  in  such  superintendence  since 
the  first  day  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-one,  under  the 
authority  of  the  War  Department,  the  same  compensation  shall  be 
allowed  as  herein  provided. 


Act  of  June  18,  18$  (9  Stats.,  17). 

AN  ACT  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  providing  the  prosecution  of  the 
existing  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico,"  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  11.  That  the  colonel  or  senior  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment is  authorized  to  enlist,  for  the  service  of  that  department,  as 
many  master  armorers,  master  carriage  makers,  master  blacksmiths, 
artificers,  armorers,  carriage  makers,  blacksmiths,  and  laborers  as  the 
public  service,  in  his  judgment,  under  the  directions  of  the  Secretary 
for  the  Department  of  War,  may  require. 

Act  of  March  3,  184,7  (9  Stats.,  184). 

AN  ACT  making  provision  for  an  additional  number  of  general  officers,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  16.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  add  to  the  Ordnance  Department,  whenever  he  shall  deem 
it  expedient  to  increase  the  same,  two  captains  and  six  first  lieuten- 
ants, who  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  the  same  pay  and  allowances  as 
officers  of  those  grades,  respectively,  now  belonging  to  that  depart- 
ment, to  be  disbanded  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

*  #  * 

Sec.  22.  That  all  the  officers  appointed  .  .  .  under  this  act 
shall  be  discharged  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  except  the 
officers  of  the  ordnance  authorized  by  the  sixteenth  section,     .     . 

July  10, 1848  [9-246) . — Provisions  of  pension  laws  construed  to  apply  to  enlisted  men 
of  the  Ordnance  and  other  corps  of  the  Army. 

Resolution  of  August  10,  1848  (9  Stats.,  340). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  concerning  certain  portions  of  the  Marine  and  Ordnance  Corps. 

That  .  .  .  the  artificers  and  laborers  of  the  Ordnance  Corps 
serving  in  said  war  [Mexican  war]  be  placed,  in  all  respects,  as  to 
bounty  land  and  other  remuneration,  in  addition  to  ordinary  pay,  on 
a  footing  with  the  officers,  noncommissioned  officers,  privates,  and 
musicians  of  the  Army:.  Provided,  That  this  remuneration  shall  be  in 
lieu  of  prize  money  and  all  other  extra  allowances. 

*  *  * 

March  2,  1849  (9-418). — Arms  and  ammunition  from  the  public  stores  may  be 
issued  to  emigrants  to  the  Territories  of  Oregon,  California,  or  New  Mexico. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  587 

Act  of  March  3,  1849  (9  Stats.,  370). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty. 

*  *  •  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  military  storekeeper  at  Watertown  Arsenal,  Massa- 
chusetts, be  allowed,  from  this  first  aay  of  October,  eighteen  hundred 
and  forty-two,  the  same  compensation  as  is  authorized  by  the  act  of 
the  twenty-third  August,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-two,  to  be 
paid  to  the  storekeepers  at  the  Washington,  Pittsburg,  and  Watervliet 
arsenals;     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Act  of  September  28,  1850  (9  Stats.,  504). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-one. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  the  principal  assistant  in  the  Ordnance  Bureau  of  the 
War  Department  shall  receive  a  compensation  not  less  than  that  of 
the  person  employed  at  the  foundaries,  under  the  fifth  section  of  the 
act  approved  twenty-third  of  August,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty  Ttwo, 
from  and  after  the  date  thereof. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  moneys  which  may  be  received  by  the  proper 
officers  of  the  Army  for  the  sale  of  .  .  .  military  stores  and  other 
supplies  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  exempted  from  the  operation  of  the 
act  of  the  third  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-nine,  entitled 
"An  act  requiring  all  moneys  received  from  the  customs  and  all  other 
sources  to  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  without  abatement  or  reduction." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  military  storekeeper  at  Little  Rock  Arsenal, 
Arkansas,  be  allowed,  from  the  first  day  or  October,  eighteen  hundred 
stud  forty-two,  to  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  October,  eighteen  hundred 
and  forty-nine,  the  same  compensation  as  is  authorized  by  the  act  of 
the  twenty-third  of  August,  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-two,  to  be 
paid  to  the  storekeepers  at  the  Washington,  Pittsburg,  and  Watervliet 
arsenals,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1851  (9-618). — Authorizes  erection  of  two  powder  magazines  on  the 
Jefferson  Barracks  reservation. 

Act  of  March  3,  1853  (10  Stats.,  214). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
the  thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-four. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  the  salary  of  the  military  storekeepers  of 
the  Ordnance  Department  in  Oregon,  California,  and  New  Mexico  shall 
hereafter  be  $1,250  per  annum. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  July  next 
the,  act  of  Congress  approved  August  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred 
and  forty-two,  be  so  modified  that  the  President  may,  if  in  his  opinion 
the  public  interest  demands  it,  place  over  any  of  the  armories  a  super- 


588       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OK  GENERAL  STAKE  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

intendent  who  does  not  belong  to  the  Army;  .  .  .  ;  and  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  abolish  .such  of  the 
arsenals  of  the  United  States  as  in  his  judgment  may  be  useless  or 
unnecessary. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  directed  to  report  to  Congress 
whether  in  his  opinion  it  would  not  be  more  economical,  proper,  and 
advisable  to  cause  all  the  arms  of  the  United  States  to  be  made  by 

contract. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  whenever  any  lieutenant  of  the  .  .  .  ordnance 
corps  shall  have  served  fourteen  years'  continuous  service  as  lieuten- 
ant, he  shall  be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain:  Provided,  That  the 
whole  number  of  officers  in  .  .  .  said  corps  shall  not  be  increased 
beyond  the  number  now  fixed  by  law:  And  provided  further*  That  no 
officer  shall  be  promoted  before  those  who  rank  him  in  his  corps. 


Act  of  August  5,  185k  (10  Stats.,  576). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
the  thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-five. 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  so  much  of  all  laws  heretofore  passed  which 
authorized  the  appointment  of  military  officers  to  superintend  the 
operations  at  the  national  armories  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
repealed;  and  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  it  shall  be  the 
dut}T  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  a  competent  and  well-qualified  civil- 
ian as  superintendent  at  each  of  said  armories. 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1855  (10-635). — Compensation  of  the  civil  superintendents  of  national 
armories  to  be  $2,500  without  perquisites  or  allowances  of  any  kind,  quarters 
excepted,  section  7,  annual  distribution  of  arms  to  the  several  States  to  be  made 
according  to  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress. 

August  30,  1856  (11-147). — Erection  authorized  of  suitable  magazines  and  other 
arsenal  buildings  in  Texas,  California,  Washington  or  Oregon  Territory,  and  New 
Mexico. 

Act  of  March  3,  1857  (11  Stats.,  200). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 

the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-eight. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  master  armorers  at  the  national  armories  shall 
receive  fifteen  hundred  dollars  each  per  annum. 


Act  of  June  12,  1858  (11  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 

the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-nine. 

*  *  * 

For  the  alteration  of  old  arms  so  as  to  make  them  breech-loading 
arras,  upon  a  model  to  be  selected  and  approved  by  a  board  of  ordnance 
officers  .  .  .  :  Provided,  That  .  .  .  not  exceeding  five  thou- 
sand dollars  may  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  and  at  his  discretion,  in  applying  to  the  old  or  new  arms  any 
recent  improvement  in  the  mode  of  priming. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  589 

Act  of  June  23,  1860  (12  Stats.,  91). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-one. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  in 
any  of  the  departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal  serv- 
ices, when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate  delivery 
of  articles  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall  be  made  by  advertising 
a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals  respecting  the  same.  When 
immediate  delivery  or  performance  is  required  by  the  public  exigency, 
the  articles  or  service  required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or 
contract  at  the  places  and  in  the  manner  in  which  such  articles  are 
usually  bought  and  sold  or  such  services  engaged  between  individuals. 
No  contract  or  purchase  shall  hereafter  be*  made  unless  the  same  be 
authorized  by  law,  or  be  under  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  ful- 
fillment, except  in  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  for  clothing,  sub- 
sistence, forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  transportation,  which,  however, 
shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the  current  year.  No  arms,  nor 
military  supplies  whatever,  which  are  of  a  patented  invention,  shall  be 
purchased,  nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying  any  patented  invention, 
unless  the  same  shall  be  authorized  by  law,  and  the  appropriation 
therefor  explicitly  set  forth  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention. 


Act  of  February  21,  1861  (12  Stats.,  lfl). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth 
of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-one,"  approved  June  twenty-three,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed,  except  so  far  as 
the  said  section  prohibits  the  purchase  of  patented  firearms,  as  to  which 
the  said  section  shall  still  be  in  force. 

*  *  * 

March  2,  1861  {12-208).— The  St.  Louis  Arsenal  to  he  removed  to  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks.    [This  act  was  repealed  by  the  act  of  February  20,  1865  (13-432).] 

Act  of  March  2,  1861  (12  Stats.,  214). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  That  all  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services 
in  any  of  the  Departments  of  the  Government,  except  for  personal 
services,  when  the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate 
delivery  of  the  article  or  articles  or  performance  of  the  service,  shall 
be  made  by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previously  for  proposals 
respecting  the  same.  When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is 
required  by  the  public  exigency,  the  articles  or  service  required  may 
be  procured  by  open  purchase  or  contract  at  the  place  and  in  the 
manner  in  which  such  articles  are  usuaily  bought  and  sold  or  such 


590       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

services  engaged  between  individuals.  No  contract  or  purchase  shall 
hereafter  be  made  unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  laAV  or  be  under 
an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment,  except  in  the  War  .  .  . 
Departments,  for  clothing,  subsistence,  forage,  fuel,  quarters,  or  trans- 
portation, which,  however,  shall  not  exceed  the  necessities  of  the 
current  year.  And  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  mak- 
ing appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  [twenty-third]  of 
June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,"  shall  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  repealed. 

July  10,  1861  {12-255'). — Remits  duties  on  arms  imported  between  May  1,  1861, 
and  January  1,  1862,  on  proof  that  they  were  intended  for  the  use  of  the  troops  of 
any  State  aiding  in  suppressing  the  insurrection  against  the  United  States. 

Act  of  August  3, 1861  (12  Stats.,  287). 

AN  ACT  providing  for  the  better  organization  of  the  military  establishment. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  .  .  .  And  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment of  the  United  States  Army,  as  now  organized,  one  Chief  of  Ord- 
nance with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  the  Quartermaster-General 
of  the  Army;  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  and  six  second  lieu- 
tenants; the  field  officers  to  be  appointed  by  selection  from  the  officers 
of  the  Army,  and  the  second  lieutenants  from  the  graduates  of  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  by  transfers  from  the  engineers,  or 
the  topographical  engineers,  or  the  artilleiy. 


Act  of  August  6, 1861  (12  Stats.,  317). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Engineer  and  Topographical  Engineer  Corps, 

and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  so  much  of  the  first  section  of  the  act  approved  August 
fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-four,  as  authorizes  the  appointment 
of  civilians  to  superintend  the  national  armories  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby,  repealed,  and  that  the  superintendents  of  these  armories  shall 
be  appointed  hereafter  from  officers  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

June  2,  1862  (12-411). — Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts,  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts, 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

Act  of  July  5,  1862  (12  Stats.,  506). 

ANfACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  additional  appropriations 
for  the  year  ending  the  thirtieth  of  June,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  and  for 
otker  purposes. 

*  #  * 

Sec.  3.  That  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Ordnance  Department  now 
designated  as  master  workmen  shall  hereafter  be  designated  and  mus- 
tered as  sergeants;  those  now  designated  as  armorers,  carriage  makers, 
and  blacksmiths  shall  be  designated  and  mustered  as  corporals;   those 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  591 

now  designated  sua  artificers  shall  be  designated  and  mustered  as  privates 
of  the  first  class,  and  those  now  designated  as  laborers  shall  be  desig- 
nated and  mustered  as  privates  of  the  second  class:  Provided,  That  the 
pay.  rations,  and  clothing  now  authorized  by  law  to  the  respective 
grades  of  enlisted  ordnance  men  shall  not  be  changed. 


Act  of  July  11,  1862  (12  Stats.,  537). 

AN  ACT  for  the  establishment  of  certain  national  arsenals. 

That  there  shall  be,  and  hereby  is,  established  a  national  arsenal  at 
(  Jolumbus,  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  at  Indianapolis,  in  the  State  of  Indiana, 
and  on  Rock  Island,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  for  the  deposit  and  repair 
of  arms  and  other  munitions  of  war. 

*  *  * 

July  17,  1862  (12-594). — Contractors  for  arras,  ammunition,  etc.,  guilty  of  fraud 
to  l>e  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  Army.  This  provision  was 
extended  by  section  7  of  the  act  of  July  7,  1864  (13-394),  to  apply  to  their  agents  and 
all  inspectors  of  military  supplies. 

Act  of  July  17, 1862  (12  Stats.,  597). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  act  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union, 
suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions,  approved  February  twenty-eighth, 
seventeen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  the  acts  amendatory  thereof,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  10.  .  .  .  The  senior  officer  of  artillery  in  each  army  corps 
shall,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties,  act  as  chief  of  artillery  and  ord- 
nance at  the  headquarters  of  the  corps. 


Act  of  March  ->',  1863  (12  Stats.,  74$). 

AN  ACT  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  and  of  the  Ordnance 
Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  • 

Sec.  4.  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Ordnance  Department  one 
lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors,  eight  captains,  eight  first  lieutenants, 
the  additional  officers  herein  authorized  to  be  appointed  by  promotion 
so  far  as  the  present  officers  of  the  Ordnance  Corps  will  permit,  and 
the  residue  to  be  appointed  by  transfers  from  other  regiments  or  corps 
of  the  Army:  Prondnl,  That  no  officer  of  the  Ordnance  Department 
below  the  rank  of  a  field  officer  shall  be  promoted  or  commissioned  to 
a  higher  grade,  nor  shall  any  officer  of  the  Army  be  commissioned  as 
ati  ordnance  officer  until  he  shall  have  passed  a  satisfactory  examina- 
tion before  a  board  of  not  less  than  three  ordnance,  officers,  senior  to 
him  in  rank;  and  should  such  officer  fail  on  such  examination,  he  shall 
be  suspended  from  promotion  or  appointment  for  one  year,  when  he 
may  be  reexamined  before  a  like  board;  and  if,  upon  such  second 
examination,  an  ordnance  officer  fail,  he  shall  be  dismissed  from  the 
service,  and  if  an  officer  of  the  Army  he  shall  not  be  commissioned. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1-.  That  the  increase  of  rank  of  officers  and  in  the  number  of 
officers  provided  for  in  this  act  shall  continue  only  during  the  exist- 


592       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ence  of  the  present  rebellion;  and  thereafter  the  several  officers  pro- 
moted under  this  act  shall  have  the  respective  rank  they  would  have 
had  if  this  act  had  not  passed,  and  the  number  shall  be  reduced  by  the 
President  to  the  number  authorized  by  law  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act. 

April  19, 1864  {13-50). — The  Secretary  of  War  was  authorized  to  take  and  hold  all 
the  lands  and  shores  of  the  island  of  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  to  be  kept  as  a  military 
reservation.     (Note  to  July  11,  1862,  12-537.) 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  21.  That  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist 
of  the  same  number  of  officers  and  enlisted  men  as  now  authorized  by 
law,  and  the  officers  shall  be  of  the  following  grades,  viz:  One  briga- 
dier-general, three  colonels,  four  lieutenant-colonels,  ten  majors, 
twenty  captains,  sixteen  first  lieutenants,  and  ten  second  lieutenants, 
with  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  now  provided  by  law;  and  thir- 
teen ordnance  storekeepers,  of  whom  a  number  not  exceeding  six  may 
be  appointed  and  authorized  to  act  as  paymasters  at  armories  and 
arsenals.  The  ordnance  storekeeper  and  paymaster  at  the  national 
armory  at  Springfield  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of 
a  major  of  cavalry,  and  all  other  ordnance  storekeepers  shall  have  the 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  captains  of  cavalry,  and  two-thirds 
of  the  .  .  .  ordnance  storekeepers  to  be  appointed  under  this 
.  .  .  section  of  this  act  shall  be  selected  from  volunteer  officers 
or  soldiers  who  have  performed  meritorious  service  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  during  the  late  rebellion. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  .  .  .  Chief  of  Ordnance  shall  hereafter  be 
appointed  b}r  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 


Act  of  March  2,  1867  (U  Stats.,  J&2). 

AN  ACT  to  provide  for  a  temporary  increase  of  the  pay  of  officers  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  (excepting  the  ordnance  storekeeper  and  paymaster  at 
the  Springfield  Armory,  who  has  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a 
major  of  cavalry)  all  storekeepers  of  the  Army  shall  hereafter  have 
the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  captains  of  cavalry.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  2,  1867  {14-487). — Section  3  authorizes  a  board  of  six  officers  (three  from  the 
Army)  to  determine  by  practical  tests  what  increase  of  strength  or  variation  of  form 
is  necessary  to  enable  our  best  stone  forts  to  resist  the  heaviest  guns. 

March  2,  1867  {14-571). — Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
Government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

March  24,  1868  {15-250). — Captured  ordnance  and  implements  maybe  issued  to 
the  several  national  asylums  for  the  purpose  of  firing  salutes;  also  such  small  arms 
and  equipments  as  may  be  necessary  for  guard  duty. 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  593 

Resolution  of  July  20,  1868  (15  Stats.,  259). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  directing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  sell  damaged  or  unservice- 
able arms,  ordnance,  and  ordnance  stores. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  and 
directed  to  cause  to  be  sold,  after  offer  at  public  sale  on  thirty  days' 
notice,  in  such  manner  and  at  such  times  and  places,  at  public  or  pri- 
vate sale,  as  he  may  deem  most  advantageous  to  the  public  interest, 
the  old  cannon,  arms,  and  other  ordnance  stores  now  in  possession 
of  the  War  Department  which  are  damaged  or  otherwise  unsuitable 
for  the  United  States  military  service,  or  for  the  militia  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  cause  the  net  proceeds  of  such  sales,  after  paying  all 
proper  expenses  of  sale  and  transportation  to  the  place  of  sale,  to  be 
deposited  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

July  25,  1868  (15-187). — Sale  of  St.  Louis  Arsenal  authorized. 

Act  of  March  3,  1869  (15  Stats.,  315). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  « 

Sec.  6.  That  until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  ...  in  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

May  4,  1870  (16-378). — Authorizes  issues  of  arms,  etc.,  to  certain  colleges  and 
universities. 

February  2, 1871  (16-593). — Bergen  Heights  Arsenal  to  be  sold. 

May  15,  1872. — This  act  establishes  rates  of  pay  of  enlisted  men  of  the  corps  from 
and  after  July  1,  1872.     (See  sec.  1280,  R.  S. ) 

Stay  21,  1872  (17-188).— One  thousand  rifled  muskets  and  200,000  cartridges  to  be 
issued  to  the  governor  of  Montana  for  distribution  among  settlers  of  the  Gallatin  Val- 
ley and  other  exposed  localities. 

Act  of  June  6,  1872  (17  Stats.,  258). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  this  appropriation  [for  experiments  and 
tests  of  heavy-rifled  ordnance]  shall  be  applied  to  at  least  three  models 
of  heavy  ordnance,  to  be  designated  by  a  board  of  officers  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  which  report  shall  include  both 
classes,  breech  and  muzzle  loading  cannon,  and  the  powder  and  pro- 
jectiles necessary  for  testing  the  same  shall  be  supplied  from  stores  on 
hand. 

For  constructing  and  testing  Moffat's  breech -loading  field  pieces, 
.  .  .  ;  and  for  testing . lames  Crocket's  graduating  and  accelerating 
cartridge,  and  for  experimenting  with  patent  metallic  cartridge  of 
Willis  E.  Moore,  and  other  improvements  in  ammunition,     .     .     . 

*  *  V.' 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  no  part  of  this  appropriation  [manufacture 

of  arms]  shall  be  expended  until  B  to -Ii-loading  system  for  muskets 

and  carbines  shall  have  been  adopted  for  the  military  service  upon  the 

S.  Doc.  229 38 


594       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

recommendation  of  the  board  to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
which  board  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  five  officers,  as  follows:  One 
general  officer,  one  ordnance  officer,  and  three  officers  of  the  line,  one 
to  be  taken  from  the  cavalry,  one  from  the  infantry,  and  one  from  the 
artillery:  And  provided  further,  That  the  system  when  so  adopted, 
shall  be  the  only  one  to  be  used  by  the  Ordnance  Department  in  the 
manufacture  of  muskets  and  carbines  for  the  military  service;  and  no 
royalty  shall  be  paid  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  for  the 
use  of  said  patent  to  any  of  its  officers  or  employees,  or  for  any  patent 
in  which  said  officers  or  employees  may  be  directly  or  indirectly 

interested. 

*  *  * 

June  10,  1872  (17-380). — Orders  sale  of  the  Rome,  Champlain,  North  Carolina, 
Mount  Vernon,  and  Apalachicola  arsenals. 

March  3,  1873  (17-543) . — Provides  for  experiments  and  testa  of  two  Gatling  guns 
of  large  caliber  for  flank  defenses  of  fortifications,  recommended  for  trial;  also  of  any 
other  systems  for  utilizing  and  improving  the  cast-iron  guns  now  in  service. 

Act  of  June  16,  187 J,,  (18  Stats.,  70). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  no  part  of  this  sum  shall  be  expended  at 
said  armories  [national]  in  the  perfection  of  patentable  inventions  in 
the  manufacture  of  arms  by  officers  of  the  Army  otherwise  compen- 
sated for  their  services  to  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

June  22, 1874  (18-200). — Authorizes  sale  of  obsolete  ammunition,  balls,  and  surplus 
of  pig  lead. 

Act  of  June  23,  1874.  (18  Stats.,  %U)- 

AN  ACT  reorganizing  the  several  staff  corps  of  the  Army. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Chief  of 
Ordnance,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general; 
three  colonels,  four  lieutenant-colonels,  ten  majors,  twenty  captains, 
sixteen  first  lieutenants;  and  all  vacancies  which  may  hereafter  exist 
in  the  grade  of  first  lieutenant  in  said  department  shall  be  filled  by 
transfer  from  the  line  of  the  Army:  Provided,  That  no  appointment 
or  promotion  in  said  department  shall  hereafter  be  made  until  the 
officer  or  person  so  appointed  or  promoted  shall  have  passed  a  satis- 
factory examination  before  a  board  of  ordnance  officers  senior  to 
himself. 

Sec.  6.  That  no  officer  now  in  service  shall  be  reduced  in  rank  or 
mustered  out  by  reason  of  any  provision  of  law  herein  made  reducing 
the  number  of  officers  in  any  department  or  corps  of  the  staff. 

Sec.  7.  That  as  vacancies  shall  occur  in  any  of  the  grades  of  the 
Ordnance  .  .  .  departments,  no  appointments  shall  be  made  to 
fill  the  same  until  the  numbers  in  such  grade  shall  be  reduced  to  the 
numbers  which  are  fixed  for  permanent  appointments  by  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  and  thereafter  the  number  of  permanent  officers  in 
said  grades  shall  continue  to  conform  to  said  reduced  numbers,  and  all 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  595 

other  grades  in  said  Ordnance  .  .  .  departments  than  those  author- 
ized by  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  cease  to  exist  as  soon  as  the 
same  shall  become  vacant  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise;  and  no 
appointment  or  promotion  shall  hereafter  be  made  to  fill  any  vacancy 
which  may  occur  therein. 

Sec.  8/That  so  much  of  section  six  of  an  act  entitled  uAn  act 
making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-nine,  as 
applies  to  the  Ordnance  .  .  .  departments  of  the  Army  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby,  repealed:  Provided,  That  this  section  repealing 
said  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  of  the  grades  of  the  Ordnance 
.  .  .  departments  which  are  omitted  or  abolished  by  the  provisions 
of  this  act. 

March  3,  1875  (18-375). — Report  to  be  made  how  many  of  the  arsenals  east  of  the 
Mississippi  River  can  be  sold  without  injury  to  the  service;  an  officer  of  ordnance  to 
be  detailed  as  member  of  a  "board  to  conduct  experiments  in  testing  iron  and  steel. 

March  3,  1875  (18-452) . — None  of  the  money  appropriated  by  this  act  for  the  ord- 
nance service  shall  be  expended  for  the  construction  or  repair  of  buildings.  No 
money  to  be  expended  hereafter  at  national  armories  in  the  perfection  of  patentable 
inventions,  by  officers  of  the  Army,  in  the  manufacture  of  arms. 

March  3,  1875  (18-510). — Authorizes  sale  of  the  Detroit  Arsenal. 

April  11,  1876  (19-32). — Authorizes  sale  of  arsenal  at  Stonington,  Conn. 

June  20,  1876  (19-59). — Authorizes  sale  of  all  obsolete  and  condemned  projectiles 
for  heavy  ordnance. 

July  3,  1876  (19-214).— Superseded  arms  to  be  issued  to  Territories  and  border 
States  for  protection  of  citizens;  amended  by  joint  resolution  of  March  3,  1877 
(19-410),  by  adding  "not  to  exceed  50  ball  cartridges  for  each  arm." 

August  15,  1876  ( 19-206). — State  of  Kansas  to  be  credited  for  certain  ordnance  stores 
charged  to  it,  but  used  by  Government  officials  and  never  turned  over  to  the  State. 

May  16,  1878  (20-61) . — Quota  of  States  not  to  be  diminished  by  the  provision  of 
joint  resolution  of  July  3,  1876  (19-214). 

June  7,  1878  (20-252). — Additional  arms  to  be  issued  to  Territories  for  protection 
of  their  citizens. 

REVISED  STATUTES,  2ND  EDITION,   1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec,  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

*  *  * 

An  Ordnance  Department. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

*  *  * 
A[n]  ordnance  sergeant     .     .     .     for  each  military  post. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1109.  There  shall  be  an  ordnance  sergeant  for  each  military 
post,  whose  dut}'  it  shall  be  to  take  care  of  the  ordnance,  arms,  ammu- 
nition, and  other  military  stores  at  such  post,  under  the  direction  of 
the  commanding  officer,  and  according  to  regulations  prescribed  by 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1110.  Ordnance  sergeants  shall  be  selected  by  the  Secretary  of 
War  from  the  sergeants  of  the  line  who  shall  have  served  faithfully 
for  eight  years,  including  four  years  in  the  grade  of  noncommissioned 
officer,  and  shall  be  assigned  to  their  stations  by  him. 


596      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  1159.  The  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Army  shall  consist  of 
one  Chief  of  Ordnance,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  three 
colonels,  four  lieutenant-colonels,  ten  majors,  twenty-  captains,  sixteen 
first  lieutenants,  ten  second  lieutenants,  and  thirteen  ordnance  store- 
keepers. The  ordnance  storekeeper  at  Springfield  Armory  shall  have 
the  rank  of  major  of  cavalry;  all  other  ordnance  storekeepers  shall 
have  the  rank  of  captain  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  1160.  No  officer  of  the  Army  shall  be  commissioned  as  an  ord- 
nance officer  until  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by  a 
board  of  not  less  than  three  ordnance  officers,  senior  to  him  in  rank. 
If  an  officer  of  the  Army  fail  on  such  examination  he  shall  be  suspended 
from  appointment  for  one  year,  when  he  may  be  reexamined  before  a 
like  board.  In  case  of  failure  on  such  reexamination,  he  shall  not  be 
commissioned  as  an  ordnance  officer. 

Sec.  1161.  Any  number,  not  exceeding  six,  of  the  ordnance  store- 
keepers may  be  authorized  to  act  as  paymasters  at  armories  and 
arsenals. 

Sec.  1162.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance  may  enlist  as  many  sergeants  of 
ordnance,  corporals  of  ordnance,  and  first  and  second  class  privates  of 
ordnance  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct.  Master  armorers,  mas- 
ter carriage  makers,  and  master  blacksmiths  shall  be  designated  and 
mustered  as  sergeants;  armorers,  carriage  makers,  and  blacksmiths 
shall  be  designated  and  mustered  as  corporals;  artificers  shall  be  desig- 
nated and  mustered  as  privates  of  the  first  class,  and  laborers  as  privates 
of  the  second  class. 

Sec.  1163.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  shall  organize  and  detail  to  regiments,  corps,  or 
garrisons  such  numbers  of  ordnance  enlisted  men,  furnished  with 
proper  tools,  carriages,  and  apparatus,  as  may  be  necessary,  and  shall 
make  regulations  for  their  government. 

Sec.  1164.  It  shall  be  the  dut}^  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  to  furnish 
estimates,  and,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  make 
contracts  and  purchases  for  procuring  the  necessary  supplies  of  ord- 
nance and  ordnance  stores  for  the  use  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States;  to  direct  the  inspection  and  proving  the  same,  and  to  direct 
the  construction  of  all  cannon  and  carriages,  ammunition  wagons, 
traveling  forges,  artificers'  wagons,  and  of  every  implement  and  appa- 
ratus for  ordnance,  and  the  preparation  of  all  kinds  of  ammunition 
and  ordnance  stores  constructed  or  prepared  for  said  service. 

Sec.  1165.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  under  the  direction  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  Wai ,  may  establish  depots  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 
in  such  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  in  such  numbers,  as  may  be 
deemed  necessaiy. 

Sec.  1166.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  or  the  senior  officer  of  the  corps 
for  any  district,  shall  execute  all  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and, 
in  time  of  war,  the  orders  of  any  general  or  field  officer  commanding 
an  army,  garrison,  or  detachment  for  the  supply  of  all  ordnance  and 
ordnance  stores  for  garrison,  field,  or  siege  service. 

Sec.  1167.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance  shall,  half  yearly,  or  oftener  if 
so  directed,  make  a  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War  of  all  the  officers, 
artificers,  and  laborers  in  his  department  of  the  service,  and  of  all 
ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  under  his  control.  Every  officer  of  the 
Ordnance  Department,  every  ordnance  storekeeper,  every  post  ord- 
nance sergeant,  each  keeper  of  magazines,  arsenals,  and  armories, 
every  assistant  and  deputy  of  such,  and  all  other  officers,  agent,  or 


THE    ORDNANCE   DEPARTMENT.  597 

persons  who  shall  have  received  or  majT  be  entrusted  with  any  stores 
or  supplies,  shall  quarterly,  or  oftener,  if  so  directed,  and  in  such 
manner  and  on  such  forms  as  may  be  directed  or  prescribed  by  the 
Chief  of  Ordnance,  make  true  and  correct  returns  to  the  Chief  of  Ord- 
nance of  all  ordnance  arms,  ordnance  stores,  and  all  other  supplies 
and  property  of  every  kind  received  by  or  entrusted  to  them  and  each 
of  them,  or  which  may  in  any  manner  come  into  their  and  each  of 
their  possession  or  charge.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed 
to  draw  up  and  enforce  in  his;  department  a  system  of  rules  and  regu- 
lations for  the  government  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  of  all 
persons  in  said  department,  and  for  the  safe-keeping  and  preservation 
of  all  ordnance  property  of  every  kind,  and  to  direct  and  prescribe  the 
time,  number,  and  forms  of  all  returns  and  reports,  and  to  enforce 
compliance  therewith. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1191.  .  .  .  all  storekeepers  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient  bonds  to  the 
United  States,  in  such  sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct,  faith- 
fully to  account  for  all  public  moneys  and  property  which  they  may 
receive.  The  President  may  at  any  time  increase  the  sums  so  pre- 
scribed.    .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1193.  The  .  .  .  Chief  of  Ordnance  .  .  .  shall  be 
appointed  by  selection  from  the  corps  to  which  they  belong. 

Sec.  1194.  Until  otherwise  directed  by  law  there  shall  be  no  new 
appointments  and  no  promotions  in  the     .     .     .     Ordnance    .     .     . 

departments. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1207.  When  any  lieutenant  of  the  .  .  .  Ordnance  Corps 
has  served  fourteen  years'  continuous  service  as  lieutenant,  he  shall 
be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain,  on  passing  the  examination  pro- 
vided by  the  preceding  section,  but  such  promotion  shall  not  authorize 
an  appointment  to  till  any  vacancy  when  such  appointment  would 
increase  the  whole  number  of  officers  in  the  corps  beyond  the  number 
fixed  by  law;  nor  shall  any  officer  be  promoted  before  officers  of  the 
same  grade  who  rank  him  in  his  corps. 

Sec.  1208.  When  promotions  in  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the 
Army  are  allowed  by  law,  no  officer  of  the  corps  below  the  rank  of 
field  officer  shall  be  promoted  to  a  higher  grade  until  he  shall  have 
been  examined  and  approved  by  a  board  of  not  less  than  three  ord- 
nance officers  senior  to  him'  in  rank.  If  an  ordnance  officer  fail  on 
such  examination,  he  shall  be  suspended  from  promotion  for  one  year, 
when  he  shall  be  reexamined  before  a  like  board.  In  case  of  failure 
on  such  reexamination,  he  shall  be  dismissed  from  the  service. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1220.  Every  officer  commanding  a  regiment,  corps,  garrison, 
or  detachment  shall  make,  once  every  two  months,  or  oftener  if  so 
directed,  a  report  to  the  Chief  of  Ordnance,  stating  all  damages  to 
iinns,  equipments,  and  implements  belonging  to  his  command,  noting 
those  occasioned  by  negligence  or  abuse,  and  naming  the  officer  or  sol- 
dier by  whose  negligence  or  abuse  the  said  damages  were  occasioned. 


598       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  and  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  be 
made  by  officers  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  the  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1279.  .  .  .  The  principal  assistant  in  the  Ordnance  Bureau 
shall  receive  a  compensation,  including  pay  and  emoluments,  not 
exceeding  that  of  a  major  of  ordnance. 

Sec.  1280.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  following  enlisted  men  of  the 
Army  shall,  during  their  first  term  of  enlistment,  be  as  follows,  with 
the  contingent  additions  thereto  hereinafter  provided: 

*  *  * 

Ordnance  sergeants  of  posts,  thirty-four  dollars. 

*  •  *  * 

Sergeants  of     .     .     .     ordnance,  thirty-four  dollars. 
Corporals  of     .     .     .     ordnance,  twenty  dollars. 

*  *  * 

Privates  (first  class)  of     .     .     .     ordnance,  seventeen  dollars. 
Privates  (second  class)  of     .     .     .     ordnance,  thirteen  dollars. 

*  *  * 

Section  1281  adds  $1  per  month  for  each  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  year  of  first 
enlistment,  and  section  1282  fixes  pay  of  men  reenlisting  at  rate  of  third  year  of  first 
term. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1293.  Sergeants  and  corporals  of  ordnance  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  one  ration  and  a  half  daily.  Other  enlisted  men  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  receive  one  ration  daily. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1297.  No  allowance  of  clothing  shall  be  made  to  sergeants  of 

ordnance. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  articles  of  military  supplies  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage  to  be  charged 
against  the  officer  responsible,  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage  was 
not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1662.  At  each  arsenal  there  shall  be  established  a  national 
armory,  in  which  there  shall  be  employed  one  superintendent,  who 
shall  be  an  officer  of  the  Ordna,nce  Department,  to  be  designated  by 
the  President;  one  master  armorer,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
President,  and  as  many  workmen  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  from 
time  to  time  deem  necessary. 

Sec.  1663.  The  ordnance  officer  in  charge  of  any  national  armory 
shall  receive  no  compensation  other  than  his  regular  pay  as  an  officer 
of  the  corps;  the  master  armorers  shall  receive  fifteen  hundred  dollars 
per  annum  each;  the  inspectors  and  clerks  each  eight  hundred  dollars 
per  annum,  except  the  clerks  of  the  armory  at  Springfield,  Massa- 
chusetts, who  may  receive,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 

Sec.  1664.  The  several  compensations  fixed  by  the  preceding  section 
for  master  armorers  and  inspectors  shall  be  paid  quarter  yearly.  All 
military  storekeepers  and  paymasters  shall  give  bond  and  security  for 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  599 

the  faithful  discharge  of  their  duties,  in  such  sums  as  may  be  prescribed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1665.  An  annual  account  of  the  expenses  of  the  national 
armories  shall  be  laid  before  Congress,  together  with  an  account  of 
the  arms  made  and  repaired  therein. 

Sec.  1666.  The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  abolish  such  of 
the  arsenals  of  the  United  States  as,  in  his  judgment,  may  be  useless 

or  unnecessary. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1672.  The  breech-loading  system  for  muskets  and  carbines  adopted  by  the 
Secretary  of  War,  known  as  "the  Springfield  breech-loading  system,"  is  the  only 
system  to  be  used  by  the  Ordnance  Department  in  the  manufacture  of  muskets  and 
carbines  for  the  military  service. 

Sec.  1673.  No  royalty  shall  be  paid  by  the  United  States  to  any  one  of  its  officers 
or  employees  for  the  use  of  any  patent  for  the  system,  or  any  part  thereof,  mentioned 
in  the  preceding  section,  nor  for  any  such  patent  in  which  said  officers  or  employees 
may  be  directly  or  indirectly  interested. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3480.  Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the  United  States 
which  accrued  or  existed  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction 
of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Department  of  War.  .  .  .  And  all 
agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render 
their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  depart- 
ment for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject,  never- 
theless, to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the  Treasury. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3T32.  No  contract  or  purchase  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made  unless  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  is  under  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3747.  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers,  appointed  by  him  to  make  con- 
tracts, with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits 
of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

*  *  • 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  23,  1878(20  Stats.,  31). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  for  other  works  of  defence,  and 
for  the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-nine,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  the  money  herein  appropriated  for  torpe- 
does shall  only  be  used  in  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  tor- 
pedoes to  be  operated  from  shore  stations  for  the  destruction  of  an 
enemy's  vessel  approaching  the  shore  or  entering  the  channel  and  fair- 
ways of  harbors. 

June  23,  1879  {21-30). — None  of  the  money  appropriated  for  the  ordnance  service 
shall  be  expended  for  any  use  not  strictly  connected  with  the  military  service  of  the 
Government,  this  restriction  to  apply  to  the  use  of  public  animals,  forage,  and 
vehicles. 


600       LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENEEAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   AEMY. 

December  19,  1879  {21-299). — Authorizes  lease  of  buildings,  etc.,  of  the  Charleston 
Arsenal. 

January  7,  1881  (21-314)- — Authorizes  purchase  of  land  to  enlarge  the  San  Antonio 
Arsenal. 

March  3, 1881  (21-468). — Two  ordnance  officers  to  be  detailed  as  members  of  a  board 
to  examine  all  inventions  of  heavy  ordnance  and  improvements  of  heavy  ordnance 
and  projectiles  that  may  be  presented  to  it. 

Secretary  of  War  authorized  to  exchange  the  unserviceable  and  unsuitable  powder 
and  shot  on  hand  for  new  powder  and  projectiles,  or  to  sell  the  same  and  purchase 
similar  articles  with  the  proceeds  of  the  sales. 

Act  of  May  1,  1882  (22  Stats.,  52), 
AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  appointment  of  an  ordnance  storekeeper  in  the  Army. 

That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  nominate  and,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  appoint  an  ordnance  store- 
keeper in  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Army,  and  all  laws  incon- 
sistent therewith  are  hereby  suspended  for  the  purposes  of  this  act 
only:  Provided,  That  prior  to  his  appointment  he  shall  have  passed  a 
satisfactory  examination  before  a  board  of  ordnance  officers. 

May  19,  1882  (22-93). — TwTo  heavy  guns  and  four  mortars  may  be  issued,  on  the 
requisition  of  the  governor  of  a  State  bordering  on  the  sea  and  Gulf  coast,  and  a 
suitable  battery  for  these  cannon  to  be  constructed,  for  instruction  and  practice  of 
the  militia  in  heavy  artillery  drill:  Provided,  The  State  has  a  permanent  camping 
ground  for  the  encampment  of  the  militia  not  less  than  six  days  annually. 

Act  of  June  30,  1882  (22  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

United  States  testing  machine.  .  .  .  And  provided  further, 
That  in  making  tests  for  private  citizens  the  officer  in  charge  may 
require  pajmient  in  advance,  and  may  use  the  funds  so  received  in 
making  such  private  tests,  making  full  report  thereof  to  the  Chief  of 
Ordnance;  and  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  shall  give  attention  to  such  pro- 
gramme of  tests  as  may  be  submitted  by  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers;  and  the  records  of  such  tests  shall  be  furnished  said  society, 
to  be  by  them  published  at  their  own  expense. 

*  *  * 

August  5,  1882  (22-299) . — Master  armorer  at  the  Springfield  Armory  to  perform 
the  duties  of  master  machinist  and  his  pay  increased  $1,000  per  annum. 

Act  of  Juby  5,  I884.  (23  Stats.,  158). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defence,  and 
for  the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  hereafter  all  rifled  cannon  of  any  particular  material, 
caliber,  or  kind  made  at  the  cost  of  the  United  States  shall  be  publicly 
subjected  to  the  proper  test,  including  such  rapid  firing  as  a  like  gun 
would  be  likely  to  be  subjected  to  in  actual  battle,  for  the  determination 
of  the  endurance  of  the  same  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States  or  such  persons  as  he  may  select;  and  he  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  select  not  to  exceed  five  persons,  who  shall  be  skilled  in  such 


THE    ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  601 

matters;  and  if  such  guns  shall  not  prove  satisfactory  they  shall  not  be 
put  to  use  in  the  Government  service. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  .  .  .  are  hereby  authorized 
to  sell  to  projectors  of  methods  of  conversion,  for  experimental  pur- 
poses only,  any  smooth-bore  cannon  on  hand  required  by  them,  at  prices 
which  shall  not  be  less  than  have  been  received  from  auction  sales  for 
such  articles,  and  deliver  the  same,  at  the  cost  of  the  Government,  at 
the  nearest  convenient  place  for  shipment  or  public  transportation,  the 
cost  of  deliver}^  to  be  deducted  from  the  proceeds  of  sales,  and  the  bal- 
ance to  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  March  3,  1885  (23  Stats.,  434). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defence,  and 
for  the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty-six,  and  for  other  purposes. 


And  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  appoint  a  board,  of 
which  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  be  a  member  and  president,  to  be 
composed  of  .  .  .  two  [officers]  from  the  Ordnance  Corps,  .  .  . 
which  board  shall  examine  and  report  at  what  ports  fortifications  or 
other  defences  are  most  urgently  required,  the  character  and  kind  of 
defences  best  adapted  for  each,  with  reference  to  armament,  the  utili- 
zation of  torpedoes,  mines,  or  other  defensive  appliances.     .     .     . 

For  the  purchase  of  movable  submarine  torpedoes  propelled  and 
controlled  by  power  operated  and  transmitted  from  shore  stations  as 
may  be  recommended  by  the  Board  of  Engineers  of  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War.     .     .     . 
*  *  * 

For  the  armament  of  seacoast  fortifications,  including  the  manufac- 
ture of  heavy  guns  and  carriages;  for  the  constructing  and  testing 
experimental  gun  carriages;  for  the  purchase  and  manufacture  of  a 
multi-charge  gun  and  testing  same;  for  projectiles,  gun  loaders,  fuses, 
powder,  and  implements,  their  trial  and  proof.  .  .  .  And  not 
exceeding  fifteen  thousand  dollars  thereof  may  be  used  for  the  expenses 
of  experiments  in  the  use  of  dynamite  or  other  high-explosive  pro- 
jectiles. 

And  no  type  of  gun  shall  be  purchased  until  thoroughly  tested  and 
found  to  conform  to  the  requirements  of  this  act. 

Act  of  May  1,  1888  (25  Stats.,  107). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  the  construction  of  an  arsenal  for  the  repair,  storage,  and  dis- 
tribution ot  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  for  the  use  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States-at  Columbia,  Tennessee. 

[Appropriates  $200,000] ;  and  the  construction  and  control  of  said 
arsenal  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War:  l^ovided, 
That  without  cost  to  the  United  States  a  sufficient  quantity  of  land 
accepted  as  suitable  and  adequate  for  such  arsenal  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  and  not  less  than  fifty  acres,  is  conveyed  in  fee  to  the  United 
States.     .     .     . 


602       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  September  22,  1888  (25  Stats.,  481). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided  further,  That  the  cost  to  the  Ordnance  Department 
of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  issued  to  the  States,  Territories, 
and  District  of  Columbia,  under  the  act  of  February  twelfth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  shall  be  credited  to  the  appropriation  for 
"manufacture  of  arms  at  national  armories."     .     .     . 

March  2,  1889  {25-825). — Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification  to  examine  and 
report  upon  a  site  or  sites  for  ordnance  testing  and  proving  ground.  Makes  an  appro- 
priation for  the  construction  of  a  counterpoise  battery  to  mount  a  seacoast  rifle  gun, 
to  be  located  at  point  selected  by  the  Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification  and 
erected  by  the  inventor  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Board ;  gun  to  be  mounted 
thereon,  with  its  fittings,  to  be  furnished  by  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Navy. 

August  18, 1890  (26-S15). — Board  of  three  officers,  one  of  engineers,  one  of  artillery, 
and  one  of  ordnance,  not  below  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  inquire  into  the  facili- 
ties for  producing  steel  forgings  for  high-power  guns  at  or  near  the  Pacific  coast,  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  Rock  Island  Arsenal,  the  Indianapolis  Arsenal,  and  at  some  point 
on  or  near  the  Gulf  coast;  also  as  to  the  advisability  of  erecting  at  those  points  gun 
factories  for  finishing  and  assembling  high-power  guns. 

Secretary  of  War  authorized  to  contract  for  twenty-five  8-inch,  fifty  10-inch,  and 
twenty-five  12-inch  breech-loading  single-charge  steel  guns. 

Last  paragraph  of  act  of  March  2,  1889  (25-825),  amended  to  authorize  the  use  of 
a  6-inch  breech-loading  cannon  of  new  pattern  in  the  test  of  the  counterpoise  battery. 

Act  of -September  22,  1888  {25  Stats.,  489). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defense,  for  the 
armament  thereof,  for  the  procurement  of  heavy  ordnance  for  trial  and  service, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  appropriations  hereinafter  provided  for  shall  be  available 
until  expended  and  shall  be  expended  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
a  board  to  consist  of  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Army,  an  officer 
of  engineers,  an  officer  of  ordnance,  and  an  officer  of  artillery,  to  be 
selected  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  called  and  known  as  the  Board 
of  Ordnance  and  Fortifications.     .     .     . 

*  -X-  * 

Sec.  4.  For  the  erection,  purchase,  or  manufacture  of  the  necessary 
buildings  and  other  structures,  machinery,  tools,  and  fixtures  for  an 
army  gun  factory  for  finishing  and  assembling  heavy  ordnance,  to  be 
erected  at  the  Watervliet  Arsenal,  West  Troy,  New  York,  seven  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars:  Provided,  That  not  exceeding  twenty  thousand 
dollars  of  this  sum  may  be  used  for  the  erection  and  completion  of  two 
sets  of  officers'  quarters. 


Act  of  July  16,  18921  (27  Stats.,  174). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -three,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT. 

*  *  * 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  if  the  Secretary  of  War  shall,  upon  the 
report  of  the  small-arms  board  now  in  session,  adopt  a  new  rifle  or 

1  Sergeants  of  ordnance  to  receive  the  same  allowance  of  clothing  as  other  sergeants 
in  like  staff  departments. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  603 

system  for  rifles  for  the  militaiy  service,  or  for  trial  with  a  view  to 
such  adoption,  then  this  appropriation  [$400,000]  for  manufacture  of 
arms  at  the  national  armories  shall  be  available  for  the  procurement 
of  such  arms:  Prodded  further,  That  purchases  may  be  made  in  open 
market,  in  the  manner  common  among  business  men,  when  the  aggre- 
gate of  the  purchase  does  not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

July  23,  1892  (27-257). — Authorizes  the  appointment  of  a  board  of  army  and  naval 
officers  to  report  what,  in  their  opinion,  is  the  most  available  site  on  the  Pacific  coast 
or  on  the  rivers  and  waters  thereof,  for  the  erection  of  a  plant  for  finishing  and  assem- 
bling the  parts  of  heavy  guns  and  other  ordnance  for  the  use  of  the  Army  and  Navy. 

Act  of  July  27,  1892  (27  Stats.,  276). 

AN  ACT  amending  the  act  of  October  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  entitled 
"An  act  to  provide  for  the  examination  of  certain  officers  of  the  Army  and  to 
regulate  promotions  therein." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2.  That  the  examination  of  officers  of  the  .  .  .  Ordnance 
Department  who  were  officers  or  enlisted  men  in  the  regular  or  vol- 
unteer service,  either  in  the  Army,  Navy,  or  the  Marine  Corps,  during 
the  war  of  the  rebellion,  shall  be  conducted  by  boards  composed  in  the 
same  manner  as  for  the  examination  of  other  officers  of  their  respective 
corps  and  department;  and  the  examination  shall  embrace  the  same 
subjects  prescribed  for  all  other  officers  of  similar  grades  in  the  .  .  . 
Ordnance  Departmant,  respectively. 

July  27,  1892  (27-276). — Specimens  of  arms,  projectiles,  etc.,  used  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  to  be  delivered  to  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association. 

February  27, 1893  (27-478). — No  part  of  appropriation  for  the  manufacture  of  arms 
at  the  national  armories  shall  be  expended  for  the  manufacture  of  magazine  rifles  of 
foreign  invention  until  the  examination  of  similar  arms  of  American  invention  pre- 
sented within  the  next  thirty  days  shall  have  been  tested. 

Act  of  March  29,  1894,  {%$  Stats.,  47). 
AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  making  of  property  returns  by  officers  of  the  Government. 

That  instead  of  forwarding  to  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury 
Department  returns  of  public  property  intrusted  to  the  possession  of 
officers  or  agents,  .  .  .  the  Chief  of  Ordnance,  .  .  .  shall 
certify  to  the  proper  accounting  officer  of  the  Treasury  Department, 
for  debiting  on  the  proper  account,  any  charge  against  any  officer  or 
agent  intrusted  witn  public  property  arising  from  any  loss,  accruing 
by  his  fault,  to  the  Government  as  to  the  property  so  intrusted  to  him. 

*  *  * 

August  6,  1894  (28-238). — Appropriation  in  this  act  for  manufacture  of  arms  appli- 
cable to  the  manufacture  of  the  magazine  arm  recommended  by  the  board.  Pur- 
chases not  exceeding  $200  may  be  made  in  open  market. 

March  2,  1895  (28-764). — Abolishes  section  229,  Revised  Statutes,  requiring  annual 
statement  of  contracts  for  supplies  and  services. 

Act  of  June  6,  1896  (29  Stats.,  256). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of  defense,  for  the 
armament  thereof,  for  the  procurement  of  heavy  ordnance  for  trial  and  service, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Arrna/ment  and  fortifications :  .  .  .  And  the  ordnance  storekeeper 
now  on  duty  in  Washington  as  disbursing  officer  and  assistant  to  the 


604       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Chief  of  Ordnance,  United  States  Army,  shall  hereafter  have  the  rank 

of  major. 

*  *  * 

June  11, 1896  (29-413) . — No  patented  impact  testing  machine  to  be  erected  at  the 
Watertown  Arsenal,  Mass.,  unless  the  patentee  shall  first  authorize  its  use  by  the  Gov- 
ernment without  compensation. 

March  3, 1897  (29-641) . — No  contract  for  oil-tempered  and  annealed  steel  for  high- 
power  coast-defense  guns  and  mortars  to  be  made  at  a  price  exceeding  23  cents  per 
pound. 

Resolution  of  April  1,  1898  (30  Stats.,  737). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  providing  for  the  temporary  admission  free  of  duty  of  naval 
and  military  supplies  procured  abroad. 

That  such  guns,  ammunition,  and  other  .  .  .  militar}7  supplies 
as  may  be  purchased  abroad  by  this  Government  for  the  national 
defense  prior  to  January  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninet}^-nine,  shall 
be  admitted  at  any  port  of  entry  in  the  United  States  free  of  duty. 

May  7, 1898  (30-400). — Part  of  appropriation  for  the  armament  of  fortifications  may 
be  used  for  the  purchase  of  material  for  steel- wire  seacoast  guns. 

May  18,  1898  (80-419). — Arms,  ammunition,  etc.,  may  be  issued  to  the  Cuban 
people. 

June  7, 1898  (30-433). — Authorizes  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  to  purchase  or  make 
contracts  for  such  ordnance  an'l  ordnance  stores  as  are  needed  for  immediate  use. 
The  act  of  March  3,  1899  (30-1350)  imits  above  authority  to  March  1,  1900.  Again 
extended  to  June  30,  1901,  by  act  of  February  24,  1900  (31—). 

Act  of  July  7,  1898  (30  Stats.,  433). 

AN  ACT  to  suspend  the  operations  of  certain  provisions  of  law  relating  to  the  War 
Department,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

That  during  the  existing  war  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  of  the  War 
Department  is  authorized  to  purchase  without  advertisement  such  ord- 
nance and  ordnance  stores  as  are  needed  for  immediate  use,  and  when 
such  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  are  to  be  manufactured,  then  to 
make  contracts  without  advertisement  for  such  stores,  to  be  delivered 
as  rapidly  as  manufactured. 

Act  of  July  7,  1898  (30  Stats.,  720). 
AN  ACT  to  increase  the  force  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

That  section  five  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  organizing  the  several 
staff  corps  of  the  Army,"  approved  June  twenty-third,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  seventy-four,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so  as  to 
read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  5.  The  Ordnance  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Chief  of 
Ordnance,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  brigadier-general; 
four  colonels,  five  lieutenant-colonels,  twelve  majors,  twenty-four 
captains,  and  twenty  first  lieutenants. 

"A  chief  ordnance  officer  may  be  assigned  to  the  staff  of  an  army  or 
a  corps  commander,  and  while  so  assigned  shall  have  the  rank,  pay, 
and  allowance  of  a  lieutenant-colonel.  A  chief  ordnance  officer  may 
be  assigned  to  the  staff  of  a  division  commander,  and  while  so  assigned 
shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a  major." 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  605 

Act  of  March  0,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of  ...  an  Ordnance  Department. 
.  .  .  Provided,  That  when  a  vacancy  shall  occur  through  death, 
retirement,  or  other  separation  from  active  service  in  the  office  of  store- 
keeper in  the  .  .  .  Ordnance  Department  .  .  .  now  provided 
by  law,  said  office  shall  cease  to  exist. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  Ordnance  Department  .  .  .  shall 
consist  of  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  now  provided  by  law.     .     .     . 


Act  of  March  3,  1899 l  (30  Stats.,  1064). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Regular  and  Volunteer  Army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred. 

*  *  * 

Ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  and  supplies:  .  .  .  Provided,  The 
Chief  of  Ordnance  is  authorized  to  issue  such  obsolete  or  condemned 
ordnance,  gun  carriages,  and  ordnance  stores  as  may  be  needed  for 
ornamental  purposes  to  the  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers, 
the  Homes  to  pay  for  transportation  and  such  other  expenses  as  are 

necessary. 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1899  (30-1350).—  Until  March  1,  1900,  Bureau  of  Ordnance  may  make 
purchases  and  contracts  without  advertisement;  suspends  provisions  of  law  relative 
to  payment  of  employees. 

February  24,  1900  (31-  ). — Provisions  of  act  of  March  3,  1899,  extended  until 
June  30,  1 901 ;  war  material  may  be  purchased  abroad  and  admitted  free  of  duty. 

May  26,  1900  (31-  ). — Authorizes  issue  of  obsolete  or  condemned  ordnance  gun 
carriages  and  ordnance  stores  to  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteers  for  ornamental  our- 
poses,  the  Homes  to  pay  transportation. 

Act  of  February  2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  —). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  ipproval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States  .  .  .  shall  consist  of  .  .  .  an  Ordnance  Department 
.  .  .  Provided,  That  when  a  vacancy  shall  occur  through  death, 
retirement,  or  other  separation  from  active  service  in  the  office  of 
.storekeeper,  now  provided  for  by  law  in  the  .  .  .  Ordnance 
Department  .  .  .  said  office  shall  cease  to  exist. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  23.  That  the  Ordnance  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Chief 
of  Ordnance  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  four  colonels,  six 
lieutenant-colonels,  twelve  majors,  twenty-four  captains,  and  twenty- 

1  Authorizes  replacement  of  the  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  which  volunteers 
carried  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  war  with  Spain  and  which 
have  been  retained  by  the  Government. 


606      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

four  first  lieutenants,  the  ordnance  storekeeper,  and  the  enlisted  men, 
including  ordnance  sergeants,  as  now  authorized  by  law.  All  vacancies 
created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall,  as  far  as  possible,  be  filled  by 
promotion  according  to  seniority  as  now  prescribed  by  law. 

»  *  • 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  perma- 
nent appointments  in  the  .  .  .  Ordnance  Department,  .  .  . 
including  those  appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  captain 
and  first  lieutenant  under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seventeen, 
twenty-one,  and  twenty-four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted 
according  to  seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law, 
and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  vacancies 
which  can  be  filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which  the 
officers  so  promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any 
vacancy,  except  that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall 
occur  which  can  not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section 
it  shall  be  filled  by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more 
permanent  appointments  shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps 
after  the  original  vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled. 
Such  details  shall  be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies 
exist,  under  such  system  of  examination  as  the  President  may  from 
time  to  time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 
for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  any  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT.  607 

Act  of  March  8,  1901  {31  Stats.,  —). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two. 
*  *  * 

Provided,  That  no  part  of  the  appropriations  made  for  the  Ordnance 
Department  shall  be  used  in  payment  of  freight  charges  on  ordnance  or 
ordnance  stores  issued  by  said  department. 


XI— THE  SIGNAL  CORPS. 


S.  Doc.  229 39  609 


THE   SIGNAL  CORPS. 


The  Signal  Corps  owes  its  origin  to  Maj.  Albert  J.  Myer,  who 
entered  the  Army  in  1854  as  an  assistant  surgeon,  and  whose  active 
interest  in  sign  language  was  manifested  by  its  development,  in  1856, 
into  a  system  of  signal  communication  which,  attracting  at  tirst  little 
or  no  attention,  was  two  years  later  submitted  to  a  military  board  con- 
vened for  its  consideration.  It  was  not,  however,  until  June  21, 1860, 
that  Congress  authorized  the  addition  to  the  staff  of  the  Army  of  one 
signal  officer,  with  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  major  of  cavalry.  The 
"Signal  Corps"  was  organized  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1863. 

June  27,  I860.— Maj.  Albert  J.  Myer  (New  York),  Signal  Officer. 

•Mar.  3,  1863.— Col.  Albert  J.  Myer  (New  York),  Chief  Signal  Officer. 

Dec.  3,  1864. — Col.  (Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.)  Benjamin  F.  Fisher  (Pennsylvania). 

July  28,  1866.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  June  16,  1880)  Albert  J.  Myer  (New  York). 

Dec.  15,  1880.— Brig.  Gen.  William  B.  Hazen  (Ohio). 

Mar.  3,  1887. — Brig.  Gen.  Adolphus  W.  Greely  (Louisiana). 

Xotk. — Colonel  Myer  was  relieved  from  the  command  of  the  Corps  November  10, 
1863,  and  ordered  to  the  Mississippi.  He  turned  over  the  Bureau  to  Lieut.  Col. 
William  J.  L.  Nicodemus  (Maryland) . 

611 


THE   SIGNAL   CORPS. 


STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  June  21,  1860  (12  Stats.,  64). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  of  June,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-one. 

.  .  .  That  there  be  added  to  the  staff  of  the  Army  one  signal 
officer,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a  major  of  cavalry,  who 
shall  have  charge,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  of 
all  signal  duty  and  of  all  books,  papers,  and  apparatus  connected 

therewith. 

*  -  *  * 

February  22,  1862  (12-844)- — Officers  detailed  as  signal  officers  to  receive,  during 
such  service,  pay,  etc. ,  of  cavalry  officers  of  their  respective  grades. 

June  2,  1862  (12-411). — Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts,  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts, 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  7U)- 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
year  ending  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  and  for  the  year  ending 
the  30  (th)  of  June,  1863,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  17.  That  the  Signal  Corps  of  the  Army  shall,  during  the  pres- 
ent rebellion,  be  organized  as  follows:  There  shall  be  one  Chief  Signal 
Officer,  a  colonel,  who  shall  be  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army;  one  lieuten- 
ant-colonel; two  majors,  who  shall  be  inspectors;  and  for  each  army 
corps  or  military  department  there  shall  be  one  captain  and  as  many 
lieutenants,  not  exceeding  eight,  as  the  President  may  deem  necessary, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  who  shall  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  of  cavalry 
officers  of  similar  grades;  and  for  each  officer  of  the  Signal  Corps  there 
may  be  enlisted  or  detailed  one  sergeant  and  six  privates,  who  shall 
receive  the  pay  of  similar  grades  of  engineer  soldiers:  Provided,  That 
no  officer  or  enlisted  man  snail  be  allowed  to  serve  in  the  Signal  Corps 
until  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by  a  military  board, 
to  be  convened  for  that  purpose  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  18.  That  the  officers  and  enlisted  men  herein  provided  for 
shall  be  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War.  They  may  be 
mounted  upon  horses,  the  property  of  the  United  States,  and  shall 
serve  in  any  militarv  department  or  with  any  forces  to  which  they 

613 


614       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

may  be  ordered.  And  officers  of  the  Army  who  may  be  appointed  in 
this  corps  may,  after  the  rebellion,  be  restored  to  their  respective 
regiments  or  corps  and  receive  the  same  rank  and  promotion  as  if 
they  had  continued  to  serve  therein. 

Sec.  19.  That  ...  in  selecting  officers  and  men  for  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Signal  Corps,  as  herein  provided,  preference  shall  be 
given  to  such  as  have  served  faithfully  or  as  are  now  serving  in  the 
acting  Signal  Corps  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  20.  That,  in  order  to  allow  time  for  their  thorough  examina- 
tion, the  President  may  appoint  the  officers  authorized  by  this  act 
during  the  recess  of  Congress,  which  appointments  shall  be  submitted 
to  the  Senate  at  their  next  session  for  their  advice  and  consent. 


Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 
AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  22.  That  there  shall  be  one  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army, 
who  shall  have  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry, 
and  the  Secretary  of  War  have  power  to  detail  six  officers  and  not  to 
exceed  one  hundred  noncommissioned  officers  and  privates  from  the 
Battalion  of  Engineers  for  the  performance  of  signal  duty;  but  no  offi- 
cer or  enlisted  man  shall  be  so  detailed  until  he  shall  have  been  exam- 
ined and  approved  by  a  military  board,  to  be  convened  by  the  Secretary 
of  War  for  that  purpose;  and  enlisted  men,  while  so  detailed,  shall, 
when  deemed  necessary,  be  mounted  upon  horses  provided  by  the 
Government. 

•X-  *  * 

February  18,  1867  (14-895). — The  officers  and  men  of  the  Signal  Corps  who  per- 
formed duty  on  the  fleet  under  Admiral  Farragut  in  the  action  in  Mobile  Bay, 
August  5,  1864,  to  receive  such  sums,  as  prize  money,  as  will  be  equal  to  what  has 
been  allowed  to  officers  and  sailors  of  the  Navy  of  corresponding  rank. 

Resolution  of  February  9,  1870  (16  Stats.,  369). 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  authorized  and 
required  to  provide  for  taking  meteorological  observations  at  the  mili- 
tary stations  in  the  interior  of  the  continent  and  at  other  points  in  the 
States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States,  and  for  giving  notice  on 
the  northern  lakes  and  on  the  seacoast,  by  magnetic  telegraph  and 
marine  signals,  of  the  approach  and  force  of  storms. 

Act  of  June  10,  1872  (17  Stats.,  34.7). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  authorized 
and  required  to jprovide,  in  the  system  of  observations  and  reports  in 
charge  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army,  for  such  stations, 
reports,  and  signals  as  may  be  found  necessary  for  the  benefit  of 
agricultural  and  commercial  interests.     .     .     . 


THE    SIGNAL    CORPS.  615 

'    Act  of  March  3,  1873  {17  Stats.,  510). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-foUr,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized  to 
establish  signal  stations  at  light-houses  at  such  of  the  life-saving  sta- 
tions on  the  lake  or  sea  coasts  as  may  be  suitably  located  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  to  connect  the  same  with  such  points  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  proper  discharge  of  the  signal  service  by  means  of  a  suitable 
telegraph  line  in  cases  where  no  telegraph  lines  are  in  operation,  to  be 
constructed,  maintained,  and  worked  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer  of  the  Army  or  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury;  and  the  use  of  the  life-saving  stations  as  signal 
stations  shall  be  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  be  agreed  upon  by 
said  officials.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  That  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  sur- 
plus maps  or  publications  of  the  Signal  Office,  the  money  received 
therefor  to  be  applied  towards  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  Signal 
Service,  an  account  of  the  same  to  be  rendered  in  each  annual  report 
of  the  Chief  of  the  Signal  Service. 


Act  of  March  3,  1875  {18  Stats.,  371). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  x- 

.  .  .  And  a  full  report  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  in  con- 
nection with  the  said  telegraph  lines  [on  the  Indian  and  Mexican  fron- 
tiers and  for  the  connection  of  military  posts  and  stations,  for  the 
better  protection  of  immigration  and  the  frontier  settlements  from 
depredations,  especially  in  the  State  of  Texas,  the  Territories  of  New 
Mexico,  Arizona,  and  the  Indian  Territory]  shall  be  made  quarterly  to 
the  Secretary  of  War  through  the  Chief  Signal  Officer.  And  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer  shall  have  the  charge  and  control  of  said  lines  of  tele- 
graph in  the  construction,  repair,  and  operation  of  the  same.     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  U,  1876  {19  Stats.,  97). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven,  and  for  other  purposes. 


.  .  .  Nothing,  however,  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent 
enlistments  for  the  Signal  Service,  which  shall  hereafter  be  maintained 
as  now  organized,  and  as  provided  by  law  with  a  force  of  enlisted  men 
not  exceeding  four  hundred  after  present  terms  of  enlistment  have 
expired. 


616       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
REVISED  STATUTES,  2ND  EDITION,  1878. 


Sec.  221.  The  Secretary  of  War  shall  provide  for  taking  meteoro- 
logical observations  at  the  military  stations  in  the  interior  of  the  con- 
tinent and  at  other  points  in  the  States  and  Territories,  and  for  giving 
notice  on  the  northern  lakes  and  seacoast,  by  magnetic  telegraph  and 
marine  signals,  of  the  approach  and  force  of  storms. 

Sec.  222.  The  Secretary  of  War  shall  provide,  in  the  system  of 
observations  and  reports  in  charge  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the 
Arnry,  for  such  stations,  reports,  and  signals  as  may  be  found  necessary 
for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  commerce. 

Sec.  223.  The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  establish  signal 
stations  at  light-houses  and  at  such  of  the  life-saving  stations  on  the 
lake  or  sea  coast  as  may  be  suitably  located  for  that  purpose,  and  to 
connect  the  same  with  such  points  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper 
discharge  of  the  signal  service  by  means  of  a  suitable  telegraph  line 
in  cases  where  no  lines  are  in  operation,  to  be  constructed,  maintained, 
and  worked  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the 
Army  or  the  Secretary  of  War  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury; 
and  the  use  of  the  life-saving  stations  as  signal  stations  shall  be  subject 
to  such  regulations  as  may  be  agreed  upon  bjr  said  officials. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  227.  The  Chief  Signal  Officer  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  surplus 
maps  or  publications  of  the  Signal  Office,  the  money  received  therefor 
to  be  applied  toward  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  Signal  Service,  and 
an  account  of  the  same  shall  be  rendered  in  each  annual  report  of  the 
Chief  of  the  Signal  Service. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1094.  The  Army  of  the  United  States  shall  consist  of — 

A  Chief  Signal  Officer. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1195.  There  shall  be  one  Chief  Signal  Officer,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel  of  cavalry,  who  shall  have  charge,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  of  all  signal  duty,  and  of  all  books,  papers,  and 
apparatus  connected  therewith. 

Sec.  1196.  The  Secretary  of  War  may  detail  six  officers  from  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  and  any  number  of  noncommissioned  officers  and 
privates,  not  exceeding  one  hundred,  from  the  battalion  of  engineers, 
for  the  performance  of  signal  duty;  but  no  officer  or  enlisted  man 
shall  be  so  detailed  until  he  shall  have  been  examined  and  approved  by 
a  military  board  convened  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  1197.  Enlisted  men  detailed  for  signal  duty  shall,  when  it  is 
deemed  necessary,  be  mounted  on  horses  provided  by  the  Government. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1241.  The  President  may  cause  to  be  sold  any  military  stores 
which,  upon  proper  inspection  or  survey,  appear  to  be  damaged  or 
unsuitable  for  the  public  service.  Such  inspection  or  survey  shall  be 
made  by  officers  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  sales 
shall  be  made  under  regulations  prescribed  by  him. 


THE    SIGNAL    CORPS.  617 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies,  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage,  to  he  charged 
against  the  responsible  officer  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage  was 
not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3714.  All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or  services  for 
the  military  .  .  .  service  shall  be  made  by  or  under  the  direction 
of  the  chief  officers  of  the  Department  of  War,  .  .  .  and  all 
agents  or  contractors  for  supplies  or  service  as  aforesaid  shall  render 
their  accounts  for  settlement  to  the  accountant  of  the  proper  depart- 
ment for  which  such  supplies  or  services  are  required,  subject, 
nevertheless,  to  the  inspection  and  revision  of  the  officers  of  the 
Treasury.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3732.  No  contract  or  purchase  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  made  unless  the  same  is  authorized  by  law  or  is  under  an 
appropriation  adequate  to  its  fulfillment.     .     .     . 

*  *  « 

Sec.  3747.  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts, 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits  of  returns, 
etc. ,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 


STATUTES  AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  June  20,  1878  (20  Stats.,  206). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy -nine,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL   SERVICE. 

.  .  .  And  the  enlisted  force  of  the  Signal  Corps  shall  consist  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  sergeants,  thirty  corporals,  and  two  hundred 
and  seventy  privates,  who  shall  receive  the  pay  of  engineer  soldiers  of 
similar  grades;  and  two  sergeants  may,  in  each  year,  be  appointed  to 
be  second  lieutenants:  Provided,  Signal  Service  men  shall  not  receive 
extra-duty  pay  unless  specially  directed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  however,  That  private  dispatches  of  lawful  nature 
ni.iy  be  transmitted  over  said  lines  [from  Bismarck  to  Fort  Ellis,  via 
the  Missouri  and  Yellowstone  rivers,  connecting  Fort  Buford,  Fort 
Keogh,  and  Fort  Custer,  and  from  Fort  Sully  to  Fort  Keogh,  via 
Deadwoodj  whenever  the  same  is  not  needed  for  public  use,  at  rea- 
sonable rates,  not  to  exceed  the  usual  rates  charged  by  private  tele- 
graph companies,  the  proceeds  thereof  to  be  accounted  for  and  paid 
into  the  Treasury  of  trie  United  States;  and  the  said  telegraph  line 
shall  be  maintained  and  operated  under  such  proper  rules  and  orders 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct  for  the  benefit  of  the  public 
service. 


618       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  June  16,  1880  {21  Stats.,  259). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL  SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  There  shall  be  added  to  the  Signal  Corps  fifty  privates; 
and  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  Chief  Signal  Officer 
shall  have  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  brigadier-general. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  August  7,  1882  (22  Stats.,  302). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

SIGNAL,    SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  the  work  of  no  other  department,  bureau, 
or  commission  authorized  by  law  shall  be  duplicated  by  this  Bureau: 
Provided  further,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  restrict  the 
performance  of  all  duties  of  the  Signal  Service  Bureau  prescribed  by 

existing  laws. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  603). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

SIGNAL   SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  on  and  after  the  first  day  of  July,  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty-three,  all  moneys  received  for  the  transmission 
of  private  dispatches  over  any  and  all  telegraph  lines  owned  or  oper- 
ated by  the  United  States  snail  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  ten  com- 
missioned officers,  exclusive  of  the  second  lieutenants  of  the  Signal 
Corps  authorized  by  law,  and  exclusive  of  officers  detailed  for  Arctic 
Sea  service. 


Resolutimi  of  June  11, 1884  (23  Stats.,  274). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  authorizing  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  appoint 
from  the  sergeants  of  the  Signal  Corps  two  second  lieutenants. 

Y\Thcroas  the  promotion  of  two  sergeants  of  the  Signal  Corps  to  be 
second  lieutenants  not  having  been  made  for  the  year  ending  June 


THE    SIGNAL    CORPS.  619 

thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one,  as  authorized  by  law, 
because  of  a  pending  question  as  to  the  construction  thereof:  There- 
fore, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  President  of  the 
United  States  be,  and  h  reby  is,  authorized  to  appoint  from  the  ser- 
geants of  the  Signal  Corps  the  two  second  lieutenants  for  that  year,  to 
rank  from  the  date  of  appointment,  the  same  as  if  the  power  to  appoint 
had  not  lapsed. 

Act  of  July  7, 1884.  (23  Stats.,  19 %). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-five,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL,    SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.     .     .     And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  six  commis-   _^ 
sioned  officers,  exclusive  of  the  second  lieutenants  of  the  Signal  Corps   Jt 
authorized  by  law,  and  of  the  three  officers  serving  in  the  Arctic  Seas. 
*  *  * 

That  a  joint  commission,  consisting  of  three  Senators  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and  three  members  of  the  House,  to  be* 
appointed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  con- 
sider the  present  organizations  of  the  Signal  Service,  .  .  .  with 
the  view  to  secure  greater  efficiency  and  economy  of  administration  of 
the  public  service  in  said  bureaus;  and  said  joint  commission  shall 
report  to  their  respective  Houses  on  or  before  the  third  Monday  in 
December,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  their  conclusions,  by  bill 
or  report. 


Act  of  March  3,  1886 l  (23  Stats.,  #78). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-six,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL,   SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  thereafter  the  work  of  no  other  department, 
bureau,  or  commission  authorized  by  law  shall  be  duplicated  by  this 
Bureau. 

*  *  X- 

.  .  .  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  four  com- 
missioned officers,  exclusive  of  the  second  lieutenants  of  the  Signal 
Corps  authorized  by  law,  and  of  the  officers  lately  serving  in  the 

Arctic  seas. 

*  *  * 

1  This  act  also  continued  the  joint  commission  created  by  act  of  July  7,  1884,  and 
required  it  to  report  to  Congress  on  or  before  the  third  Monday  in  December,  1885. 


620       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Act  of  August  4, 1886  (££  Stats.,  223). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty- seven,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL   SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

PAY. 

.  .  .  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  five  com- 
missioned officers,  exclusive  of  the  second  lieutenants  of  the  Signal 
Corps  authorized  by  law;  and  no  money  herein  appropriated  shall  be 
used  for  pay  and  allowances  of  second  lieutenants  appointed  or  to  be 
appointed  from  the  sergeants  of  the  Signal  Corps  under  the  provisions 
of  the  act  approved  June  twentieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight,  in  excess  of  the  number  of  sixteen,  or  for  the  pay  and  allowances 
of  exceeding  four  hundred  and  seventy  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal 
Corps;  and  in  reducing  the  force  the  enlisted  men  at  Fort  Myer,  Vir- 
ginia, denoted  the  "permanent  party,"  shall  first  be  mustered  out: 
Provided,  That  this  restriction  shall  not  apply  to  the  pay  or  commu- 
tation or  expense  of  return  from  their  stations  to  their  homes  of  any 
enlisted  men  in  excess  of  the  four  hundred  and  seventy  men,  accruing 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act. 

*  *  * 

That  no  part  of  the  appropriations  made  for  the  Signal  Service  by 
this  act  shall  be  used  for  the  maintenance  or  support  of  a  school  of 
instruction  nor  of  the  military  post  at  Fort  Myer,  Virginia. 1 

*  *  * 

February  17,  1887  (24-405). — A  military  telegraph  from  Point  Jupiter  to  Sanford, 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  Florida,  to  be  constructed,  maintained,  and  operated  under 
the  direction  and  control  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  in  connection  with  the  establish- 
ment of  signal  and  display  stations. 

Act  of  March  3,  1887  {U  Stats.,  509). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-eight,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  ♦ 

SIGNAL   SERVICE. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  five  com- 
missioned officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  to  be  exclusive  of  the  second 
lieutenants  of  the  Signal  Corps  authorized  by  law.     .     .     . 

And  no  money  herein  appropriated  shall  be  used  for  pay  and  allow- 
ances of  second  lieutenants  appointed  or  to  be  appointed  from  the  ser- 
geants of  the  Signal  Corps  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  approved 

1  Extra  pay  is  granted  to  thirteen  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal  Corps  at  Fort  Myer,  Va. 


THE    SIGNAL    CORPS.  621 

June  twentieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-eight,  in  excess  of  the 
number  of  sixteen,  or  for  the  pay  and  allowances  of  exceeding  four 
hundred  and  seventy  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal  Corps. 

*  *  * 

March  5,  1888  (25-44) • — Authorizes  purchase  of  site  in  Washington  for  a  building 
for  the  use  of  the  Signal  Bureau. 

Act  of  October  2,  1888  (25  Stats.,  506). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

SIGNAL   SERVICE. 

,  .  .  .  Not  exceeding  seven  hundred  dollars  may  be  used  for  the 
rental  of  such  cable  and  land  wires  as  may,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Chief 
Signal  Officer,  be  necessary  to  secure  connection  between  the  Point 
Reyes  military  telegraph  line  and  the  signal  office  in  San  Francisco, 
California. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  in  his  discretion, 
to  detail  for  the  service  in  the  Signal  Corps  not  to  exceed  five  com- 
missioned officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  to  be  exclusive  of  the  second 
lieutenants  of  the  Signal  Corps  authorized  bylaw;  and  the  Regular 
Army  officers  herein  authorized  to  be  detailed  for  the  Signal  Corps 
shall  receive  their  pay  and  allowances  from  the  appropriation  for  the 
support  of  the  Army;  and  no  money  herein  appropriated  shall  be  used 
for  pay  and  allowances  of  second  lieutenants  appointed  or  to  be 
appointed  from  the  sergeants  of  the  Signal  Corps  under  the  provisions 
of  the  act  approved  June  twentieth,  eighteen  nundred  and  seventy- 
eight,  in  excess  of  the  number  of  fourteen,  or  for  the  pay  and  allow- 
ances of  exceeding  three  hundred  and  twenty  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal 

Corps. 

*  * 


Act  of  October  12,  1888  (25  Stats.,  552). 

AN  ACT  to  make  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal  Corps  responsible  for  public  property. 

That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  every  officer  of  the 
Signal  Corps,  every  noncommissioned  officer  or  private  of  the  Signal 
Corps,  ana  all  other  officers,  agents,  or  persons  who  now  have  in 
possession,  or  may  hereafter  receive,  or  may  be  intrusted  with  any 
stores  or  supplies  shall,  quarterly,  or  more  often  if  so  directed,  and  in 
such  manner  and  on  such  forms  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Chief 
Signal  Ofliccr,  make  true  and  correct  returns  to  the  Chief  Signal  Officer 
of  all  Signal  Service  property  and  all  other  supplies  and  stores  of  every 
kind  received  by  or  intrusted  to  them  and  each  of  them,  or  which  may, 
in  any  manner,  come  into  their,  and  each  of  their,  possession  or  charge. 
The  Chief  Signal  Officer,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  draw  up  and  enforce  in  his 
Bureau  a  system  of  rules  and  regulations  for  the  government  of  the 
Signal  Bureau,  and  of  all  persons  in  said  Bureau,  and  for  the  safe-keep- 


622       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

ing  and  preservation  of  all  Signal  Service  property  of  every  kind,  and 
to  direct  and  prescribe  the  kind,  number,  and  form  of  all  returns  and 
reports,  and  to  enforce  compliance  therewith. 

March  2, 1889  {25-939). — Authorizes  detail  of  five  officers  of  the  Army  for  service  in 
the  Signal  Corps. 

No  part  of  the  appropriation  for  signal  service  shall  be  used  in  payment  of  enlisted 
men  of  the  Signal  Corps  on  clerical  or  messenger  duty  in  the  Signal  Office,  nor  to  pay 
the  expense  of  travel  performed  on  strictly  military  duty. 

August  30,  1890  (26-371). — Officers  and  men  of  the  Signal  Corps  may  purchase  sub- 
sistence stores  in  same  manner  as  other  officers  and  men  of  the  Army.  (Sec.  1144, 
R.S.) 

September  26, 1890  (26-479 ) .  — Appropriation  for  restoring  and  maintaining  telegraphic 
communication  between  Tatoosh  Island  and  Port  Angeles,  Cal.,  to  be  expended  by 
the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  October  1,  1890  (26  Stats.,  653). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  and  reduce  the  expenses  of  the  Signal  Corps  of 
the  Army,  and  to  transfer  the  weather  service  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

That  the  civilian  duties  now  performed  by  the  Signal  Corps  of  the 
Army  shall  hereafter  devolve  upon  a  bureau  to  be  known  as  the  W  eather 
Bureau,  which,  on  and  after  July  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
one,  shall  be  established  in  and  attached  to  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, and  the  Signal  Corps  of  the  Army  shall  remain  a  part  of  the 
military  establishment  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
all  estimates  for  its  support  shall  be  included  with  other  estimates  for 
the  support  of  the  military  establishment. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  shall  have  charge,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  of  all  military  signal  duties,  and  of 
books,  papers,  and  devices  connected  therewith,  including  telegraph 
and  telephone  apparatus  and  the  necessary  meteorological  instruments 
for  use  on  target  ranges  and  other  military  uses;  the  construction, 
repair,  and  operation  of  military  telegraph  lines,  and  the  duty  of  col- 
lecting and  transmitting  information  for  the  Army  by  telegraph  or 
otherwise,  and  all  other  duties  usually  pertaining  to  military  signaling; 
and  the  operations  of  said  corps  shall  be  confined  to  strictly  military 

matters. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  .  .  .  Provided,  That  the  chief  signal  officer  of  the  Army 
may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  be  detailed  to  take  charge  of 
said  bureau,  and  in  like  manner  other  officers  of  the  Army,  not  exceed- 
ing four,  expert  in  the  duties  of  the  weather  service,  may  be  assigned  to 
duty  with  the  Weather  Bureau,  and  while  so  serving  shall  receive  the 
pay  and  allowances  to  which  they  are  entitled  by"  law. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  enlisted  force  of  the  Signal  Corps,  excepting  those 
hereinafter  provided  for,  shall  be  honorably  discharged  from  the 
Army  on  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-one,  and  such 
portion  of  this  entire  force,  including  the  civilian  employees  of  the 
Signal  Service,  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper  performance  of 
the  duties  of  the  Weather  Bureau  shall,  if  tney  so  elect,  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  compensation  of  the 
force  so  transferred  shall  continue  as  it  shall  be  in  the  Signal  Service 
on  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-one,  until  otherwise 
provided  by  law:  Provided,  That  skilled  observers  serving  in  the 
Signal  Service  at  said  date  shall  be  entitled  to  preference  over  other 


THE    SIGNAL    COEPS.  623 

Eersons  not  in  the  Signal  Service  for  appointment  in  the  Weather 
lureau  to  places  for  which  they  may  be  properly  qualified  until  the 
expiration  of  the  time  for  which  they  were  last  enlisted. 

oec.  6.  That  in  addition  to  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  the  commissioned 
force  of  the  Signal  Corps  shaJl  hereafter  consist  of  one  major,  four 
captains  (mounted),  and  four  first  iieutenants  (mounted),  who  shall 
receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  like  grades  in  the  Army.  The  offi- 
cers herein  provided  for  shall  be  appointed  from  the  Army,  including 
lieutenants  of  the  Signal  Corps,  preference  being  given  to  officers  who 
have  performed  long  and  efficient  service  in  the  Signal  Service:  Pro- 
vided, That  no  appointment  shall  be  made  until  a  board,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  shall  have  submitted  a  report 
recommending  officers  for  appointment  in  the  Signal  Corps  in  the 
order  of  merit,  based  upon  the  importance  and  usefulness  of  work  per- 
formed in  the  Signal  Service,  as  said  board  may  determine  from  the 
official  records.  And  such  second  lieutenants  of  the  Signal  Corps  as 
may  not  be  promoted  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be 
appointed  second  lieutenants  in  the  line  of  the  Army,  with  present 
date  of  commission,  and  shall  be  assigned  to  the  first  vacancies  which 
may  occur  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  after  the  appointments 
herein  provided  for  have  been  made. 

Sec.  7.  That  all  appointments  and  promotions  in  the  Signal  Corps 
after  this  reorganization  shall  be  made  after  examination  and  approval 
under  sections  twelve  hundred  and  six  and  twelve  hundred  and  seven 
of  the  Revised  Statutes,  which  are  hereby  amended  so  as  to  be  appli- 
cable to  and  to  provide  for  the  promotion  of  the  lieutenants  of  the 
Signal  Corps  in  the  same  manner  as  they  now  apply  to  the  Corps  of 
Engineers  and  the  Ordnance  Corps;  and  all  vacancies  which  may  here- 
after exist  in  the  grade  of  first  lieutenant  in  the  Signal  Corps  shall  be 
filled  by  transfer  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  after  competitive  exam- 
ination and  recommendation  by  a  board  of  officers  of  the  Signal  Corps 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  enlisted  force  of  the  Signal  Corps  of  the  Army 
shall  hereafter  consist  of  fifty  sergeants,  of  which  ten  shall  be  of  the 
first  class,  with  pay  of  hospital  stewards.  No  further  enlistments 
shall  be  made  in  the  Signal  Corps  for  duties  enumerated  in  section 
three:  Provided,  That  any  vacancy  existing  or  hereafter  occurring  in 
that  portion  of  the  force  of  the  Signal  Corps  engaged  in  said  duties 
may  be  filled  by  a  civilian  at  a  salary  not  exceeding  that  now  paid  for 
the  same  class  of  work  in  the  State  or  Territory  where  the  service 
may  be  performed,  and  this  compensation  for  said  services  shall  con- 
tinue until  July  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety -one,  which  compen- 
sation may  be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  pay  of  the  present 
enlisted  force. 

Sec.  9.  That  on  and  after  July  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
one,  the  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Signal  Corps  of  the 
Army  shall  be  made  with  those  of  other  staff  corps  of  the  Army,    .     .    . 

Sec.  10.  That  the  President  is  authorized  to  appoint,  on  or  before 
March  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-one,  a  board  of  three  officials, 
which  board  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  examining  the  classes 
and  kinds  of  property  and  the  amount  of  moneys  pertaining  to  and  in 
the  possession  or  the  Signal  Corps,  and  said  board  shall,  as  soon  as 
practicable,  make  to  the  Secretary  of  War  a  report  setting  forth  the 
amount  of  moneys  and  the  quantities  and  kinds  of  property  more  suit- 


624       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

able  for  the  work  of  the  Weather  Bureau  and  not  necessary  for  the 
use  of  the  Signal  Corps,  and  what  part  of  said  property  will  be  suitable 
and  necessary  for  the  Signal  Corps,  and  upon  the  approval  of  said 
report  by  the  Secretary  of  War  the  property  and  moneys  which  shall 
be  decided  to  properly  pertain  to  the  Weather  Bureau  work  shall  be 
transferred  to  such  Bureau,  and  to  the  custody  of  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture,  while  the  remaining  property  and  funds  shall  continue  in 
the  possession  of  the  Signal  Corps. 

Act  of  August  6,  1894,  (?8  Stats.,  233). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
,  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-five,  and  for  other  purposes. 


FOR   PAY   OF   THE    GENERAL   STAFF. 


Signal  Corps:     .     .     .     Provided,  That  whenever  a  vacancy  in  the 

grade  of  brigadier-general  shall  occur  in  the  office  of  Chief  Signal 
>fficer  said  vacancy  shall  not  be  filled,  but  said  grade  shall  cease  and 
determine,  and  thereafter  the  commissioned  force  of  the  Signal  Corps 
shall  consist  of  one  colonel,  who  shall  be  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the 
Army,  and  selected  from  the  corps,  and  one  lieutenant-colonel,  one 
major,  and  three  captains  (mounted),  to  be  appointed  from  the  corps 
according  to  seniority,  and  three  first  lieutenants  (mounted),  to  be 
appointed  as  now  provided  by  law,  who  shall  each  receive  the  pay  and 
allowances  of  like  grades  in  the  Army,  and  the  officers  of  the  Signal 
Corps  shall  retain  the  commissions  held  by  them  at  the  date  of  the  next 
vacancy  in  the  office  of  Chief  Signal  Officer,  unless  promoted  in 
compliance  with  law. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided  further,  .  .  .  that  purchases  may  be  made 
in  open  market  in  the  manner  common  among  business  men  when  the 
aggregate  amount  required  does  not  exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  but 
every  such  purchase  shall  be  immediately  reported  to  the  Secretary 
of  War. 


Act  of  March  2,  1897  (29  Stats.,  609). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight. 

*  *  * 

FOR   PAY   OF   THE    GENERAL   STAFF. 

*  *  * 

Signal  Corps:  .  .  .  And  the  promotions  authorized  by  law  when 
a  vacancy  occurs  in  the  office  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  may  be  made 
in  grades  below  that  of  colonel  upon  the  approval  of  this  act. 


THE    SIGNAL    CORPS.  625 

Act  of  April  26,  1898  (30  Stats.,  364). 

AN  ACT  for  the  better  organization  of  the  line  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3.  ...  In  time  of  war  there  shall  be  added  to  the  Signal 
Corps  of  the  Army  ten  corporals,  one  hundred  first-class  privates,  and 
forty  second-class  privates,  who  shall  have  the  pay  and  allowances  of 
engineer  troops  of  the  same  grade. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  May  18,  1898  (30  Stats.,  417). 
AN  ACT  to  organize  a  volunteer  signal  corps. 

That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  organize  a  volunteer  sig- 
nal corps  for  service  during  the  existing  war,  which  corps  shall  receive 
the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  are  authorized  b}r  law  for  the  Signal 
Corps  of  the  Army. 

Sec.  2.  The  volunteer  signal  corps  shall  consist  of  one  colonel,  one 
lieutenant-colonel,  one  major  as  disbursing  officer,  and  such  other  offi- 
cers and  men  as  may  be  required,  not  exceeding  one  major  for  each 
army  corps,  and  two  captains,  two  first  lieutenants,  two  second  lieu- 
tenants, five  first-class  sergeants,  ten  sergeants,  ten  corporals,  and  thirty 
first-class  privates  to  each  organized  division  of  troops:  Provided, 
That  two-thirds  of  all  officers  below  the  rank  of  major  and  a  like  pro- 
portion of  the  enlisted  men  shall  be  skilled  electricians  or  telegraph- 
operators. 

Resolution  of  July  8,  1898  (30  Stats.,  752). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  to  correct  an  omission  relative  to  signal  officers  on  the  staff 
of  corps  commanders,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  so  much  of  section  ten  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  April 
twenty-fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  as  provides  that  the 
staff  of  the  general  commanding  an  army  corps  shall  consist  of  certain 
officers,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  shall  be  held  to  include 
among  such  officers  a  chief  signal  officer:  Provided,  That  so  much  of 
the  act  of  Congress  approved  August  sixth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-four,  as  reduces  the  grade  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the 
Army  is  hereby  repealed,  and  the  colonel  therein  provided  for  shall  be 
assistant  chief  signal  officer  and  appointed,  by  regular  promotion, 
upon  the  approval  of  this  resolution:  Provlaed  further,  That  the  laws 
authorizing  the  detail  and  assignment  of  the  officers  of  the  Army  to 
duty  in  the  Weather  Bureau  be,  and  are  hereby,  repealed. 

Act  of  March  2,  1899  (30  Stats.,  977). 

AN  ACT  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  from  and  after  the  date  of  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of 
the  United  States  shall  consist  of     ...     a  Signal  Corps.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

S.  Doc.  229 


626      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  .  .  .  Signal  Corps  shall  consist  of  the  officers 
and  enlisted  men  now  provided  by  law.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  14.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  continue  in 
service,  or  to  appoint,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  as  follows: 

*  *  * 

Four  signal  officers  with  the  rank  of  major,  nine  signal  officers  with 
the  rank  of  captain,  nine  signal  officers  with  the  rank  of  first  lieuten- 
ant, and  nine  signal  officers  with  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant. 

*  *  * 

May  25,  1900  (31  — ). — Commercial  business  may  be  done  over  the  military  tele- 
graph and  cable  lines  in  Alaska,  receipts  from  such  business  to  be  accounted  for  and 
paid  into  the  United  States  Treasury. 

Resolution  of  June  J+,  1900  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  for  the  appointment  of  first  lieutenants  of  volunteers  in  the 

Signal  Corps  of  the  Army. 

That  the  President  is  hereby  empowered  to  nominate  and,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  appoint  ten  first  lieuten- 
ants of  volunteers  in  the  Signal  Corps  of  the  Arm}',  whose  commis- 
sions shall  expire  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  one. 

Act  of  February  <2,  1901  (31  Stats.,  — ). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the 

United  States. 

That  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  act  the  Army  of  the  United 
States     .     .     .     shall  consist  of     ...     a  Signal  Corps.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Sec.  24.  That  the  Signal  Corps  shall  consist  of  one  Chief  Signal 
Officer,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- general,  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant- 
colonel,  four  majors,  fourteen  captains,  fourteen  first  lieutenants, 
eighty  first-class  sergeants,  one  hundred  and  twenty  sergeants,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  corporals,  two  hundred  and  fifty  first-class  privates, 
one  hundred  and  fifty  second-class  privates,  and  ten  cooks:  Provided, 
That  vacancies  created  or  caused  by  this  section  shall  be  filled  by  pro- 
motion of  officers  of  the  Signal  Corps  according  to  seniority,  as  now 
provided  by  law.  Vacancies  remaining  after  such  promotions  may  be 
filled  by  appointment  of  persons  who  have  served  in  the  Volunteer 
Signal  Corps  since  April  twenty -first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight:  Provided,  That  the  President  is  authorized  to  continue  in  serv- 
ice during  the  present  emergency,  for  duty  in  the  Philippine  Islands, 
five  volunteer  signal  officers  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  and  five 
volunteer  signal  officers  with  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant.  This 
authority  shall  extend  only  for  the  period  when  their  services  may  be 
absolutely  necessary. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  26.  That  so  long  as  there  remain  any  officers  holding  perma- 
nent appointments   in  the     .     .     .     Signal   Corps,    including   those 


THE    SIGNAL    COBPS.  627 

appointed  to  original  vacancies  in  the  grades  of  captain  and  first  lieu- 
tenant under  the  provisions  of  sections  sixteen,  seventeen,  twenty-one, 
and  twenty-four  of  this  act,  they  shall  be  promoted  according  to 
seniority  in  the  several  grades,  as  now  provided  by  law,  and  nothing 
herein  contained  shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  vacancies  which  can  be 
filled  by  such  promotions  or  to  the  periods  for  which  the  officers  so 
promoted  shall  hold  their  appointments,  and  when  any  vacancy,  except 
that  of  the  chief  of  the  department  or  corps,  shall  occur  which  can 
not  be  filled  by  promotion  as  provided  in  this  section,  it  shall  be  filled 
by  detail  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  and  no  more  permanent  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  in  those  departments  or  corps  after  the  original 
vacancies  created  by  this  act  shall  have  been  filled.  Such  details  shall 
be  made  from  the  grade  in  which  the  vacancies  exist,  under  such  sys- 
tem of  examination  as  the  President  may  from  time  to  time  prescribe. 

All  officers  so  detailed  shall  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  they  shall  return  to  duty  with  the  line,  and 
officers  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  shall  not  again  be  eligible 
for  selection  in  any  staff  department  until  they  shall  have  served  two 
years  with  the  line. 

That  when  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any  staff 
corps  or  department  the  President  may  appoint  to  such  vacancies,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  at 
large  not  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  who  shall  hold  office 
for  terms  of  four  years.  When  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  chief  of  any 
staff  corps  or  department  is  filled  by  the  appointment  of  an  officer 
below  the  rank  now  provided  by  law  for  said  office,  said  chief  shall, 
while  so  serving,  have  the  same  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  now  pro- 
vided for  the  chief  of  such  corps  or  department.  And  any  officer  now 
holding  office  in  an}r  corps  or  department  who  shall  hereafter  serve  as 
chief  of  a  staff  corps  or  department  and  shall  subsequently  be  retired, 
shall  be  retired  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  authorized  by  law 
for  the  retirement  of  such  corps  or  department  chief:  Provided,  That 
so  long  as  there  remain  in  service  officers  of  any  staff  corps  or  depart- 
ment holding  permanent  appointments,  the  chief  of  such  staff  corps  or 
department  shall  be  selected  from  the  officers  so  remaining  therein. 

Sec.  27.  That  each  position  vacated  by  officers  of  the  line,  trans- 
ferred to  any  department  of  the  staff  for  tours  of  service  under  this 
act,  shall  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  line  until  the  total  number 
detailed  equals  the  number  authorized  for  duty  in  each  staff  depart- 
ment. Thereafter  vacancies  caused  by  details  from  the  line  to  the 
staff  shall  be  filled  by  officers  returning  from  tours  of  staff  duty.  If 
under  the  operation  of  this  act  the  number  of  officers  returned  to  any 
particular  arm  of  the  service  at  any  time  exceeds  the  number  authorized 
by  law  in  any  grade,  promotions  to  that  grade  shall  cease  until  the 
number  has  been  reduced  to  that  authorized. 


THE  COMMISSARY-GENERAL  OF  MUSTERS. 


Aug.  11, 1775. — Stephen  Moylan,  Muster-Master-General. 
June  18, 1776. — Gunning  Bedford,  Muster-Master-General. 
Apr.  10, 1777. — Joseph  Ward,  Muster-Master-General. 
Jan.  12, 1780. — Mustering  Department  discontinued. 


629 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OF  MUSTERS. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN   (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

June  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  there  be  a  commissary  of  the  musters; 
that  his  pay  be  forty  dollars  per  month. 

July  17,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  muster-master  be  appointed  for  the  said 
[New  York]  department. 
Gunning  Bedford,  esq.,  elected  to  that  office. 

July  19,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  appointment  of  ...  a  commissary  of  mus- 
ters    ...     be  left  to  General  Washington. 

July  29,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  of  the  Commissary- General  of  Musters  be 
forty  dollars  per  month. 

*  *  * 

Deputy  muster-master-general,  forty  dollars  per  do.  (month). 

August  11,  1775. — "The  Commander  in  Chief  has  been  pleased  to  appoint  Stephen 
Moylan,  esqr.,  to  be  Muster-Master-General  to  the  Army  of  the  United  Colonies." 
{Order 8,  General  Headquarters,  Cambridge.) 

February  17,  1776. 

Resolved,    .     .     .     That  the  appointment  of  Captain Rensselaer 

to  be  deputy  muster-master-general  of  the  forces  in  Canada  be  con- 
firmed. 

February  28,  1776. 

HrNolfrd,  .  .  .  That  the  deputy  muster-maeter-general,  (lim- 
ning Bedford,  esq.,  be  directed  to  repair  to  his  post  forthwith  in  the 
northern  army  in  Canada,  and  that  he  muster  the  troops  once  in  every 
month  and  make  returns  to  Congress  and  the  commanding  officer. 

March  25,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  deputy  muster-master-general  be  appointed  for  the 
Southern  Department. 
The  ballots  being  taken  and  examined, 

631 


632      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Edmund  Randolph,  esq.,  was  elected.1 

Resolved,  That  E.  Randolph,  esq.,  be  empowered  to  appoint  two 
deputy  muster-masters  under  him,  one  for  North  Carolina  and  the 
other  for  South  Carolina.     • 

June  5,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  .  .  .  deputy  muster-masters -general  make 
regular  returns  and  reports  to  Congress  and  to  the  respective  officers 
to  whom  they  are  deputies  at  least  once  a  month,  and  that  the  princi- 
pals also  make  returns  to  Congress  at  the  same  periods. 

June  17,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  an  experienced  general  be  immediately  sent  into 
Canada,  with  power  to  appoint  ...  a  deputy  muster- master-gen- 
eral and  such  other  officers  as  he  shall  find  necessary  for  the  good  of 
the  service,  .  .  .  and  notify  the  same  to  Congress  for  their  appro- 
bation; 

*  *  * 

That  a  deputy  muster-master-general  be  immediately  sent  into 
Canada. 

June  18,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  Gunning  Bedford,  esq.,  deputy  muster-master-gen- 
eral, be  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Muster-Master-General,  and  that  he 
be  directed  immediately  to  repair  to  headquarters  in  New  York. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
nominate  and  send  a  deputy  muster-master-general  to  Canada. 

July  9, 1776. 

The  Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  muster-master- 
general  for  the  flying  camp  and  militia  ordered  to  rendezvous  at 
Trenton;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Jonathan  B.  Smith  was  elected.2 

September  W,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  Richard  Varick,  late  captain  in  Colonel 
McDougall's  regiment,  which  office  he  resigned,  secretary  to  the  hon- 
orable Major-General  Schuyler,  be  appointed  deputy  muster-master- 
general  to  the  northern  army. 

October  7,  1776. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  deputy  muster-master-gen- 
eral for  the  flying  camp,  in  the  the  room  of  Jonathan  B.  Smith;  and  the 
ballots  being  taken, 

William  Davies  was  elected. 

1  Resigned  April  26,  1776,  having  been  elected  to  represent  Williamsburg  in  conven- 
tion. 

2  Resigned  September  27, 1776. 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OF    MUSTERS.  633 

Octobw  16,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to  appoint  .  .  . 
a  deputy  muster-master-general  for  the  flying  camp. 

October  21,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  rations  allowed  to  the  several  officers 
on  the  staff  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  not  heretofore  settled, 
be  as  follow:     .     .     . 

To  the     .     .     .     deputjr  muster-master-general,  6  rations.     .     .     . 

November  7,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  8.  That  the  deputy  muster-master-general  in  the 
Northern  Department  have  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army 
of  the  United  States. 

April  4-,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  there  be  one  Commissary -General  of  Musters  for  the 
Army  of  the  United  States: 

That  there  be  four  deputy  muster-masters-general; 

That  the  said  appointments  be  made  by  Congress; 

That  one  deputy  muster-master  be  appointed  to  each  grand  division 
of  the  army,  and  that  these  appointments  be  made  by  the  Commander 
in  Chief; 

That  the  troops  be  mustered  once  in  everjT  month  b}r  the  deputy 
muster-masters,  and  once,  at  least,  in  every  three  months  the  deputy 
muster-master-general  of  each  department  shall  superintend  at  such 

musters; 

*  *  * 

That  the  deputy  muster-master-general  of  each  department  return 
an  abstract  of  each  muster  roll  once  a  month  to  the  deputy  adjutant- 
general  of  that  department,1  and  one  other  abstract  to  the  Commissary- 
General  of  Musters; 

That  the  Commissary-General  of  Musters  return  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  once  a  month  an  abstract  of  all  the  musters,  regimentally 
digested,  together  with  an  abstract  of  the  rations  drawn  or  retained 
by  the  several  regiments; 

*  *       .  * 

That  the  pay  of  the  Commissary -General  of  Musters  be  60  dollars  :i 
month  and  i  rations  a  day; 

That  the  pay  of  the  deputy  muster-master-general  be  50  dollars  a 
month  and  3  rations  a  day; 

That  the  pay  of  a  muster-master  be  35  a  month  and  two  rations  a 
day. 

April  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  Commissary-General  of  Musters  have  the  rank 
of  colonel  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States;  that  the  deputy  muster- 
masters  general  have  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonels  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States. 


1  Revoked  by  resolution  of  June  10,  1771 


634      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.  ARMY 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election;  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Joseph  Ward,  esq.,  was  elected  Commissary-General  of  Musters. 
Richard  Varick  and  William   Bradford,  jr.,  were  elected  deputy 
muster-masters-general. 

May  2,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  all  muster  rolls  directed  to  be  taken  be  sworn  to 
before  some  general  officer  of  the  Army,  or  in  the  absence  of  a  gen- 
eral officer,  before  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post  where  the 
muster  is  made,  or  some  civil  magistrate  in  the  United  States,  and  a 
certificate  thereof  be  made  on  the  back  of  each  roll.     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  each  deputy  muster-master  deliver  to  the  deputy 
muster- master-general  of  his  department  one  certified  copy  of  all  mus- 
ter rolls,  by  which  the  latter  shall  make  the  abstracts  required  from 
him. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  musters  and  his  deputies 
shall  take  an  oath  of  office  and  fidelity  to  these  United  States. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  absence  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  from  any 
department  the  deputy  muster-masters  shall  be  appointed  by  the  com- 
mander in  that  department. 

Resolved,  That  the  mustering  officers  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
require  of  the  officers  whose  troops  are  mustered  any  papers  or  vouchers 
relative  to  the  enlistment  and  muster. 

May  U,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  The  Commander  in  Chief  and  the  commander  in 
any  separate  department  shall  be  authorized  to  allow  such  quantities  of 
forage,  and  for  and  during  such  times  as  they  shall  think  proper  .  .  . 
to  the  muster-master-general  and  his  deputies:  .  .  .  Provided 
always,  That  if  any  of  the  officers  above  mentioned,  their  deputies  or 
assistants,  should  be  allowed  forage  in  consequence  of  any  general 
orders  hereafter  given,  and  should  nevertheless  not  keep  any  or  so 
many  horses  as  they  would  be  permitted  to  draw  forage  for,  in  such 
case  no  forage  shall  be  issued  for  more  horses  than  they  really  have, 
nor  shall  they  at  any  time  thereafter  be  allowed  any  forage  as  back 
allowance  or  any  money  in  lieu  thereof. 

May  20,  1777. — "Lewis  Woodruff,  esq.,  is  appointed  deputy  muster-master." — 
( Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morristown. ) 

June  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  XXXIV. — That  no  return's  of  rations  drawn  or 
returned  by  the  several  regiments  be  hereafter  made  ...  to  the 
commissary-general  of  musters,  or  by  him  to  the  adjutant-general 
.  .  .  as  directed  in  the  regulations  of  the  muster-master-general's 
department  passed  by  Congress  the  4th  of  April  last. 

July  8,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Robert  Harrison,  esq.,  be  appointed  to  muster  the 
said  battalion  [Maryland  battalion  of  Continental  troops  commanded 
by  Colonel  Richardson]  while  employed  in  the  service  for  which  it  is 
now  destined;  and  that  he  be  allowed  a  reasonable  compensation  for 
every  muster  which  he  shall  perform. 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL   OF   MUSTERS.  635 

August  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  musters  be  allowed  here- 
after the  pay  and  rations  of  a  colonel;  that  the  pay  of  his  deputy 
commissaries  be  increased  to  60  dollars  a  month,  and  that  of  the  muster- 
masters  to  45  dollars  per  month. 

Resolved,  That  the  several  muster-masters  be  directed  to  omit  making 
returns  to  the  paymaster  and  deputy  paymasters-general. 

August  22,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Lodowig  Sprogle  be  empowered  and  directed  to 
muster  the  militia  of  Pennsylvania  instead  of  the  deput}r  muster- 
master-general,  whose  indisposition  prevents  his  performing  that 
service. 

October  10,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  John  Montgomery,  esq.,  at  Carlisle,  be,  and  he  is 
hereby  appointed  and  authorized  to  muster  the  two  companies  under 
the  command  of  Major  J.  A.  Wilson,  for  the  discharge  of  which  duty 
a  reasonable  allowance  shall  be  made  to  him. 

October  20,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  William  Massey  be  appointed  deputy  muster- 
master-general  to  the  Continental  troops  raised  or  to  be  raised  in  the 
States  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

January  13,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  ...  a  deputy  muster-master-general 
.  .  .  be  appointed  to  act  pro  tempore  for  the  troops  aforesaid  [from 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut 
constantly  employed  in  Rhode  Island  for  the  defence  of  the  State  and 
of  the  Providence  Plantations];  that  the  .  .  .  deputy  muster- 
master-general  be  appointed  by  the  officer  commanding  at  that  post 
[Providence],  and  that  each  .  .  .  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  and 
office.     .     .     . 

May  29,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  no  person  hereafter  appointed  upon  the  civil  staff  of 
the  Army  shall  hold  or  be  entitled  to  any  rank  in  the  Army  by  virtue 
of  such  staff  appointment. 

March  16,  1779. — The  quartermaster-general  was  authorized  to  appoint  a  muster- 
master  for  the  corps  of  wagoners;  and,  April  19, 1779,  he  was  empowered  to  estahlish 
regulations,  to  be  approved  by  the  Commander  in  Chief,  for  the  mustering  of  that 
corps. 

April  6,  1779. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  deputy  commissaries-general 
of  musters  in  the  room  of  Messrs.  Bradford  and  Noarth,  resigned;  and 
the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  Henry  Rutgers,  jr.,  and  Mr.  Azariah  Horton  were  elected. 

December  24,  1779. — "The  honorable  the  board  of  war  having  procured  a  small 
supply  of  shirts  and  linen  and  directed  the  distribution  of  them  among  the  officers 


636      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

of  the  .  .  .  staff,  who  are  not  adopted  by  any  State,  the  clothier-general  is  to 
deliver  them  upon  returns  sighed  by  the  .  .  .  heads  of  the  following  corps 
and  departments  at  the  rates  directed  by  a  resolve  of  Congress  of  the  25th  of  Novem- 
ber last.     .     .     .     Muster-masters."     .     .     .     {Orders,  General  Headquarters,  Morris- 


town.) 


January  12,  1780. 


Resolved,  That  the  mustering  department  be  discontinued  and  the 
officers  thereof  discharged. 

And  whereas  the  said  commissary -general  of  musters  has  proved 
himself  a  good  and  faithful  officer,  and  those  who  have  been  employed 
under  him  have  given  satisfaction  in  their  offices: 

Resolved,  That  the  said  commissary-general  of  musters,  and  those 
officers  who  have  continued  in  that  department  under  him  for  eighteen 
months  last  past,  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  a  sum  equal  to  their  pay 
respectively  for  the  terms  of  twelve  months  from  this  day. 

Resolved,  That  in  future  the  business  of  mustering  the  troops  be 
performed  by  the  inspectors  of  the  Army,     .     .     . 

February  7,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  musters,  his  deputies  and 
muster-masters,  be  allowed  100  dollars  per  month  for  each  detained 
ration  from  the  18th  of  August  last  to  the  12th  of  January  last,  when 
the  department  was  discontinued,  in  like  manner  as  officers  of  the  line. 

October  12,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  executive  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts  to  settle  with  and  pay  the  officers  of  the  late  mustering 
department  within  that  State,  that  have  not  been  settled  with,  by  allow- 
ing them  what  their  arrears  of  pay  and  year's  advance  was  worth  in 
specie  at  the  time  they  respectively  became  due,  and  charge  the  same 
to  the  United  States. 


THE  COMMISSARY-GENERAL  OF  PRISONERS. 


May  15,  1777.— Elias  Boudinot. 
May  11,  1778. — Col.  Francis  Johnson. 
May  28,  1778.—  Maj.  John  Beatty. 
Apr.  15,  1780.— Col.  Joseph  Ward. 
Sept.  15,  1780.— Abraham  Skinner. 


637 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL  OF  PRISONERS. 


JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

October  7,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  a  commissary  of  prisoners  of  war  be  appointed  in 
each  of  the  United  States. 

That  the  said  commissaries  be  directed  to  make  monthly  returns  of 
the  state  and  conditions  of  the  prisoners,  under  their  respective  care, 
to  the  Board  of  War. 

That  the  said  commissaries  be  appointed  by  the  respective  States. 

December  27,  1776. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  General  Washington  be  empowered  to 
appoint  a  commissary  of  prisoners,  .  .  .  to  fix  their  salaries,  and 
return  their  names  to  Congress. 

*  *  * 

June  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  a  commission  be  granted  to  Elias  Boudi- 
not,  esq.,  as  commissary-general  of  prisoners;  the  said  commission  to 
be  dated  the  15th  day  of  May  last,  and  Mr.  Boudinot  to  be  allowed 
the  pay  and  rations  of  a  colonel. 

That  Elias  Boudinot,  commissary -general  of  prisoners,  be  empowered 
to  appoint  two  deputy  commissaries  of  prisoners;  the  said  deputies  to 
be  allowed  the  pay  and  rations  of  majors. 

June  23,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  Elias  Boudinot,  esq.,  commissary -general  of  pris- 
oners, have  power  to  appoint  three  deputies  under  him  in  addition  to 
those  he  was  heretofore  authorized  to  appoint. 

That  all  commissaries  or  other  persons  in  the  several  States  having 
the  custody  or  care  of  prisoners  of  war  be  obliged,  at  any  time  when 
required  by  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  or  his  deputies,  to 
deliver  over  to  him  or  his  deputies  all  such  prisoners  of  war  as  are  or 
shall  be  in  their  care  or  custody. 

June  U,  1^77. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  write  to  the  commissary  of  pris- 
oners, instructing  him  to  propose  to  the  commissary  of  prisoners  in 
New  York  that  the  prisoners  of  each  party  in  the  present  war  be  sup- 

639 


640      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.  ARMY. 

plied  with  such  provisions,  clothing,  or  other  necessaries  during  their 
captivity  by  the  respective  captors  as  may  be  approved  by  the  deputy 
commissaries  resident  where  the  prisoners  are  confined,  fixing  in  the 
contract  the  quantities  and  value  of  a  ration  of  provisions,  the  clothing 
and  necessaries  to  be  charged  at  the  current  prices,  and  the  account  of 
such  supplies  to  be  rendered  quarterly,  and  the  balance  paid,  if  required, 
in  provisions  at  the  current  rates,  if  due  from  the  American  commis- 
sarj7,  or  in  clothing  .at  the  current  price,  if  due  from  the  British  com- 
missary. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary  of  prisoners  be  empowered  to  make 
such  contract  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  to  make 
such  reasonable  alterations  from  the  directions  of  the  Board  of  War  as 
he  may  find  necessary  to  obtain  an  equitable  bargain  for  the  mutual 
supply  of  prisoners. 

Resolved,  That  if  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  shall  not  be 
able  to  accomplish  a  contract  on  equitable  principles  within  the  space 
of  three  weeks  from  this  date,  he  be  authorized  to  send  in  a  quantity 
of  provisions  to  supply  the  prisoners  of  war  taken  by  the  enemy  and 
now  in  New  York;  that  the  overplus  provisions,  beyond  what  the  pris- 
oners want  for  their  sustenance,  be  sold  to  supply  them  with  clothing 
and  other  necessaries;  and  that  it  be  recommended  to  the  commissary- 
general  of  prisoners  not  to  divulge  this  resolution,  that  unreasonable 
advantage  may  not  be  taken  of  it. 

October  4,  1777. 

Resolved,  Thau  the  commissary  of  prisoners  provide,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Board  of  War,  log  barracks  for  Continental  prisoners  of 
war  that  already  are,  or  hereafter  may  be,  sent  to  the  Commonwealth 
of  Virginia,  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  governor  and  council  of  that 
State  shall  approve;  that  in  the  construction  thereof  regard  be  had  to 
the  health  and  safekeeping  of  the  prisoners,  and  that  a  convenient 
space  of  ground,  surrounding  or  adjoining  thereto,  be  set  apart  for 
benefit  of  air,  and  S3  enclosed  as  to  prevent  all  intercourse  with  the 
inhabitants;  that  until  such  barracks  be  provided  the  prisoners  be  sent 
to  the  county  lieutenants  of  Frederick  and  Augusta  counties,  in  Vir- 
ginia, to  be  by  them  secured,  at  the  Continental  expense,  in  such  man- 
ner as  shall  be  suitable  for  prisoners  of  war,  and  until  the  governor 
and  council  of  Virginia  shall  take  further  order  therein. 

October  6,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  all  masters,  officers,  and  marines,  and  all  subjects  of 
the  King  of  Great  Britain,  taken  on  board  any  prize  made  by  any  Con- 
tinental vessel  of  war  be  hereafter  considered  as  prisoners  of  war  and 
treated  as  such,  and  that  the  seamen  and  mariners  of  such  prize  be 
confined  in  the  gaols  or  some  other  secure  place  in  the  States  to  which 
the  prize  shall  be  carried;  and  it  is  recommended  to  the  several  States 
to  consider  and  treat  all  captains,  officers,  and  mariners,  and  all  sub- 
jects of  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  taken  on  board  any  prize  made  by 
any  vessel  fitted  out  by  or  carried  into  any  State,  by  any  privateer  or 
letter  of  marque,  as  prisoners  of  war. 

Ordered,  That  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  be  informed  of 
this  resolve,  and  that  he  be  directed  to  appoint  a  deputy  in  each  State. 


COMMISSAKY-GENEEAL    OF   PKISONEES.  641 

October  BO,  1777. 

Resolved,  That  in  case  a  sufficient  number  of  laborers  can  not  be 
procured  to  work  the  lead  mines  in  the  State  of  New  York,  the  com- 
missary-general of  prisoners  be  directed  to  furnish  a  competent  num- 
ber of  prisoners  of  war  for  that  end. 

December  12,  1777. — "Daniel  Clymer,  esq.,  is  appointed  deputy  commissary  of 
prisoners,  to  act  in  the  absence  of  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Sweedes'  Ford. ) 

December  12,  1777. — "David  Klein,  esq.,  is  appointed  deputy  commissary  of  prison- 
ers, to  act  in  the  absence  of  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners."  (Orders,  General 
Headquarters  [on  the  march  to  Valley  Forge].) 

Ja-.vuary  14,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  order  of  the  commissary  of  prisoners  shall  be  a 
sufficient  voucher  to  the  commissary  or  deputy  commissary-general  of 
purchases  for  the  delivery  of  provisions  for  the  use  of  the  prisoners 
of  war. 

January  21,  1778. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  and 
his  respective  deputies  be  forthwith  directed  to  call  in  all  the  officers 
and  privates  belonging  to  the  enemy,  and  to  confine  them  in  such 
places  and  order  them  to  be  subsisted  and  treated  in  such  manner  as 
shall  render  their  situation  similar  in  all  respects  to  that  of  the  officers 
and  privates  who  are  prisoners  with  the  enemy,  and  that  they  con- 
tinue this  mode  of  treatment  till  such  a  time  as  a  change  of  conduct 
on  the  part  of  the  enemy  shall  induce  Congress  or  the  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  armies  of  these  States  to  give  directions  for  a  different 
line  of  conduct  on  their  part. 

May  11,  1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary  of  prisoners,  in 
the  room  of  Elias  Boudinot,  esq.,  resigned,  and  the  ballots  being  taken, 
Colonel  Francis  Johnson  was  elected. 

May  21,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  necessary  contingent  charges  of  executing  the 
office  of  commissary -general  of  prisoners  be  allowed,  over  and  above 
the  present  pay  of  Colonel  Johnson. 

May  21,  1778. — Lieutenant-Colonel  Johnson  was  taken  from  the  line  because  his 
health  would  not  permit  him  to  undergo  the  fatigues  of  active  service;  he  was  per- 
mitted by  Congress  to  hold  his  rank,  but  no  command  in  the  line.  May  23,  he 
declined  the  appointment  as  it  never  was  his  wish  to  give  up  his  rank  in  the  line. 

May  28,  1778. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary -general  of  pris- 
oners, and  the  ba'lot  being  taken, 
Major  John  Beatty  was  elected. 

S.  Doc.  229 £1 


642      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.  S.   ABMY. 

July  15,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  all  prisoners  taken  or  which  may  be  taken  by  the 
squadron  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  under  the  command  of  the 
Count  d'Estaing,  vice-admiral  of  France,  be  received  by  the  commis- 
sary-general of  prisoners,  and  that  he  provide  for  their  safe  custody 
and  subsistence  in  like  manner  as  hath  been  usual  for  the  prisoners  of 
these  States. 

That  he  make  monthly  returns  of  all  prisoners  which  shall  be  by  him 
so  received  to  the  Board  of  War. 

That  he  make  monthly  returns  to  the  Treasury  of  the  accounts  of  all 
moneys  expended  for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  and  that  the  prisoners 
be  held  at  the  disposal  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  and  subject  to 
the  orders  of  his  excellency  Mons.  Count  d'Estaing. 

July  30,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  be  directed  to 
engage  in  the  Continental  service  all,  or  as  many  as  he  can,  of  the  sea- 
men sent  from  New  York  by  Admiral  Gambier  who  shall  appear  to  be 
effective  or  likely  to  be  soon  fit  for  service,  and  that  he  furnish  such 
as  will  so  engage  with  the  means  of  travelling  to  Boston,  where  they 
are  to  be  delivered  to  the  commissioners  of  the  Navy  for  the  eastern 
district,  to  be  shipped  on  board  the  Continental  vessels  of  war  fitting 
out  at  that  port. 

August  4,  1778. 

Ordered,  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  do  from  time  to 
time,  on  the  exchange  of  prisoners  in  the  possession  of  the  enemy,  take 
proper  care  of  those  who  shall  appear  to  be  in  such  ill  state  of  health 
as  to  be  unable  to  travel,  either  by  sending  them  to  a  public  hospital 
or,  when  that  can  not  be  readily  effected,  by  appointing  proper  persons 
to  take  care  of  them  on  the  easiest  terms  practicable,  and  that  those 
who  are  able  to  travel  be  furnished  with  orders  on  the  different  com- 
missaries of  issues  on  their  way  for  such  a  number  of  rations  as  may 
be  necessary  for  their  support  to  their  respective  places  of  abode;  also 
that  the  commissary  of  prisoners  do  keep  exact  accounts  of  the  expenses 
attending  them  that  belong  to  the  different  States  and  are  not  in  the 
Continental  service. 

September  11,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  Major-General  Heath,  with  the  concurrence  of  the 
council  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  be  authorized  to  remove  the 
prisoners,  under  the  convention  of  Saratoga,  to  such  parts  of  the  State 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  as  they  can  be  most  conveniently  subsisted  in. 

October  16,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  General  Washington  be  directed,  if  neither  of  the 
alternatives  [the  British  commander  to  grant  passports  to  American 
vessels  to  transport  provisions  and  fuel  to  Boston  for  the  use  of  the 
prisoners  or  that  he  adopt  measures  for  sending  them  ample  supplies] 
mentioned  in  the  above  resolve  have  been  complied  with,  to  take  the 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL   OF   PRISONERS.  643 

necessary  steps  for  removing,  with  all  convenient  speed,  all  the  pris- 
oners of  the  convention  of  Saratoga  to  the  town  of  Charlottesville,  in 
the  county  of  Albemarle,  in  the  State  of  Virginia. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  appoint  persons  to  superintend 
and  take  charge  of  the  said  prisoners;  that  they  contract  for  the  fuel 
for  their  use,  and  apply  to  the  governor  and  council  of  Virginia  for  a 
sufficient  force  of  militia  to  guard  the  said  prisoners. 

That  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  provide  a  suitable  sup- 
ply of  provisions  for  the  said  troops. 

That  the  commissary-general  of  issues  appoint  a  suitable  person  to 
issue  provisions  to  the  said  troops  and  to  keep  a  regular  account 
thereof. 

That  regular  accounts  for  provisions  and  fuel  be  made  and  trans- 
mitted from  time  to  time  to  the  Board  of  War. 

That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  contract  with  a  proper  person 
to  build  temporary  log  barracks  for  the  reception  of  the  said  troops 
at  the  place  above  mentioned  on  or  before  the  15th  day  of  December 
next,  and  that  they  report  to  Congress  the  contract  they  may  enter  into. 

October  M,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  be  informea 
that  Congress  do  not  approve  of  partial  or  parole  exchanges,  but  they 
are  willing  to  make  a  general  exchange  of  officers,  whether  of  the  con- 
vention [Saratoga]  or  otherwise,  as  far  as  numbers  and  rank  will  apply. 

November  7,  1778. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissaiy-general  of  prisoners  be  directed  to 
take  proper  measures,  until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  for  the 
temporary  supply  of  the  British  prisoners  of  war  captivated  by  the 
Army  of  the  United  States,  with  such  quotas  of  rations  as  are  fur- 
nished our  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy  by  the  British  com- 
missaries. 

*  *  * 

Ordered,  That  the  Secretary  furnish  the  commissary-general  of 
prisoners  with  the  copy  of  the  letter  of  January  19th,  1778,  from  Sir 
William  Howe  to  General  Washington,  with  the  papers  enclosed, 
specifying  the  quota  of  rations  furnished  to  our  prisoners  in  the 
enemy's  hands  by  the  British  commissaries. 

November  7, 1778. — Commissaries  of  purchases  and  supplies  and  issues  were  directed 
to  comply  with  requisitions  made  upon  them  by  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners. 

January  9,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  be  furnished 
with  money,  from  time  to  time,  by  the  Board  of  Treasury,  for  the 
purpose  or  subsisting  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  United  States 
while  in  captivity,  and  in  the  actual  possession  of  the  enemy,  and  to 
accommodate  them  with  sufficient  sums,  on  account,  to  defray  their 
travelling  expenses  to  their  homes  or  regiments. 

That  the  accounts  of  all  prisoners  who  shall  hereafter  be  released 
from  captivity,  for  the  pay  and  subsistence  due  to  them  while  in  the 


644      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GEKERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   8.   ARMY. 

actual  possession  of  the  enemy,  be  received  and  adjusted  by  the  said 
commissary-general,  who,  after  charging  them  with  the  moneys  he 
shall  have  supplied  to  them,  shall  certify  the  sums  due  thereon  to  the 
paymaster-general,  the  deputy  paymaster-general  of  any  military 
department,  or  paymaster  of  the  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  as  shall 
be  most  convenient  for  the  prisoners  respectively,  which  sums  shall  be 
paid  by  the  said  paymasters  upon  warrants  to  be  given  for  the  same, 
as  usual  for  other  payments  made  by  them. 

*  *  * 

That,  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  officers  and  soldiers  released 
from  captivity,  on  their  way  home,  or  to  join  their  regiments,  the 
said  commissary-general  of  prisoners,  ...  in  settling  the 
accounts  aforesaid,  make  an  allowance  of  one  day's  pay  and  rations  for 
every  twenty  miles  such  officers  and  soldiers  had  or  have  to  travel 
to  their  homes,  in  case  of  the  expiration  of  their  time  of  service,  or 
release  on  parole,  or  if  otherwise,  to  join  their  regiments. 

*  *  * 

That  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  be  allowed  a  clerk  to 
enable  him  to  perform  the  extra  duty  above  assigned  to  him,  to  assist 
in  the  usual  business  of  his  department,  and  perform  the  duties  and 
receive  the  pay  ?nd  rations  of  a  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners. 

January  23,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary  of  prisoners  reside  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Army;  that  he  shall  make  no  exchange  of  prisoners 
but  such  as  shall  be  directed  by  Congress,  the  Board  of  War,  or  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  or,  with  respect  to  marine  prisoners,  by  the  marine 
committee. 

That  in  future  instructions  respecting  his  department  shall  be  trans- 
mitted to  him  through  the  Commander  in  Chief. 

That  whenever  the  commissary  shall  think  it  necessary  to  send  a  flag 
into  the  enemy's  lines  with  provisions  for  the  prisoners  or  on  any  other 
business,  he  shall  make  application  to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  who 
will  judge  of  the  cause  and  propriety  in  point  of  time  and  other  cir- 
cumstances. 

March  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  all  warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  of  the  Army 
be  put  on  the  same  footing  with  commissioned  officers  in  respect  to 
arrests,  trials,  and  punishments. 

April  8,  1779. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  effectual  provision  be  made  by  a  com- 
missary of  prisoners  for  supplying  such  of  our  people  as  remain 
unexchanged. 

That  a  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  be  appointed  for  the  southern 
army  by  the  commanding  officer  thereof. 

April  8,  1779. — Until  the  establishment  of  a  cartel  for  general  exchange  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  southern  army  was  authorized  to  exchange  prisoners  of  war. 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OF   PRISONERS.       •  645 

June  7,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  be  authorized, 
from  time  to  time,  to  pay  to  the  order  of  officers  and  soldiers  in  cap- 
tivity, an}'  sums  not  exceeding  the  amount  of  their  pay  and  sub- 
sistence, in  order  to  enable  them  to  assist  their  families,  and  that  he 
make  monthly  returns  to  the  Paymaster-General  of  their  accounts, 
respectively. 

August  19,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  pay  and  subsistence  of  a  colonel  in  the  line  be 
allowed  to  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners. 

Resolved,  That  he  be  entitled  to  draw  yearly  from  the  stores  of  the 
clothier-general  a  full  suit  of  clothes  on  the  same  terms  as  officers  of 
the  line  receive  the  clothing  furnished  pursuant  to  the  resolution  of 
Congress,  November  the  26th,  1777. 

September  1,  1779. — Congress  authorized  the  commissary-general  of  purchases  to 
appoint  a  deputy  for  the  especial  purpose  of  providing  for  the  troops  of  the  conven- 
tion of  Saratoga  and  their  guards  during  their  stay  in  Virginia.  « 

October  18,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be  directed  to  give  the  necessary 
order  .  .  .  for  supplying  the  convention  troops  with.rations  of 
Indian  meal  in  lieu  of  flour.     .     .     . 

November  16,  1779. 

Resolved,  That  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  be  directed, 
until  the  further  order  of  Congress,  to  make  the  same  provision  for 
the  Spanish  prisoners  in  New  York  as  is  made  for  the  prisoners  of  the 
United  States,  keeping  a  separate  account  thereof. 

January  13,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  all  prisoners  of  war,  whether  captivated  by  the  Army 
or  Navy  of  the  United  States,  or  by  the  subjects,  troops,  or  ships  of 
any  particular  State,  shall  be  delivered  into  the  care  and  custody  of 
the  commissary-general  of  prisoners,  his  deputies  or  assistants,  and 
be  deemed  and  treated  in  all  respects  as  prisoners  of  war  to  the  United 
States. 

That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  governments  of  the 
respective  States  that  they  make  no  exchanges  of  prisoners,  to  the 
intent  that  all  exchanges  may  be  made  through  the  commissary -general 
of  prisoners,  by  direction  of  Congress  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  or 
board  of  admiralty,  and  when  prisoners  are  taken  by  the  particular 
subjects,  troops,  or  vessels  of  any  State  not  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  or  by  private  ships  or  vessels  of  war  fitted  out  in  any 
particular  State,  these  shall  be  first  exchanged,  so  far  as  is  necessary, 
tor  the  subjects  or  inhabitants  of  the  same  State  taken  by  the  sub 
jects,  adherents,  ships,  or  vessels  of  the  enemy,  and  the  overplus,  if 
any,  shall  go  towards  redeeming  the  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  without  regard  to  their  being  subjects  or  inhabitants  of  any 
particular  State. 


646      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OE  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  V.   S.    ARMY. 

That  all  masters  or  commanders  of  private  ships  or  vessels  of  war 
shall  take  the  utmost  care  to  bring  into  port  all  prisoners  captivated 
by  them.  And  if  from  necessity  they  shall  be  obliged  to  dismiss  any 
prisoners  at  sea,  they  shall,  on  return  from  their  cruise,  make  report 
thereof,  on  oath,  to  the  judge  of  the  admiralty  of  the  State  to  which 
they  belong,  or  in  which  they  arrive,  within  20  days  after  their 
arrival,  with  their  reasons  for  such  dismission.  And  if  the  judge  shall 
not  be  satisfied  with  the  reasons  assigned,  or  if  it  shall  appear  that  the 
prisoners  were  discharged  to  avoid  the  trouble  and  expense  of  bring- 
ing them  into  port  and  delivering  them  into  custody,  or  in  any  wise 
unnecessarily,  then  the  judge  shall  transmit  an  account  thereof  to  the 
executive  of  the  State,  who  are  requested  to  examine  into  the  matter 
and  vacate  the  commission  granted  to  the  said  delinquent  master  or 
commander  of  the  ship  or  vessel  if  they  are  of  the  opinion  that  such 
dismission  was  improper. 

That  all  prisoners  of  war  captivated  by  private  ships  or  vessels  of 
war  be  delivered  by  and  at  the  expense  of  the  masters  or  owners  of 
such  ships  or  vessels  to  a  commissary  of  prisoners  nearest  the  place 
of  tjieir  landing,  or  into  the  nearest  county  gaol,  on  pain  of  forfeiture 
of  the  commission  granted  to  such  private  ship  or  vessel. 

That  on  such  delivery  of  the  prisoners  into  the  gaol  the  gaoler  shall 
be  obliged  to  inform  the  government  of  the  State  wherein  the  said 
prisoners  are  landed,  or,  in  case  of  their  residence  at  too  great  a  dis- 
tance, the#lieutenant  or  commanding  officer  of  the  militia  of  the  count}' 
wherein  such  prisoners  are  landed,  the  commissary-general  of  pris- 
oners, or  his  deputy;  that  if  the  said  prisoners  are  not  deemed  by  the 
executive  of  the  State,  or  the  said  commanding  officer  of  the  militia, 
to  be  in  a  place  of  sufficient  security,  they  may  be  removed  under 
proper  guards  to  a  place  or  places  of  greater  safety  at  the  expense  of 
the  United  States.  And  the  executive  powers  of  the  respective  States 
are  requested  to  give  the  necessary  orders  to  the  commanding  officers 
of  militia  on  this  subject,  and  to  pay  the  expenses  of  escorting  and 
transporting  the  prisoners,  charging  the  same  to  the  United  States. 
The  said  executives  are  also  requested  to  give  orders  to  the  officers  of 
their  militia  to  take  immediate  charge  of  all  prisoners  of  war  capti- 
vated by  the  ships  and  vessels  of  war  belonging  to  the  United  States 
or  to  any  particular  State,  and  to  convey  them,  at  the  expense  of  the 
United  States,  to  the  nearest  commissary  of  prisoners,  or  to  the  county 
gaol,  and  also  direct  the  like  steps  to  be  taken  in  regard  to  their 
removal  to  places  of  greater  safety,  as  is  provided  in  the  case  of  pris- 
oners captured  by  private  vessels. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  legislatures  of  the  respective  States 
effectually  to  provide,  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
delivery  and  safe-keeping  of  all  prisoners  captivated  by  their  respec- 
tive subjects  out  of  vessels  stranded  or  cast  on  shore  on  their  coasts, 
obliging  the  parties  taking  prisoners  to  deliver  them  to  the  nearest 
commissary  of  prisoners  or  into  the  nearest  gaol  in  case  no  commissary 
of  prisoners  is  stationed  within  convenient  distance  to  the  place  of 
capture,  and  in  case  of  neglect  or  misconduct  in  the  persons  so  taking 
the  prisoners,  that  they  forfeit  all  right  to  the  vessel,  her  tackle, 
apparel,  and  furniture  so  cast  on  shore,  or  the  property  they  may 
save  or  be  otherwise  entitled  to  out  of  such  vessel,  or  imposing  such 
other  penalty  as  the  said  legislatures  shall  respectively  think  proper. 

That  it  be  recommended  to  the  said  legislatures  to  provide  and 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OF   PRISONERS.  647 

direct  that  all  gaolers  receive  and  deliver  prisoners  of  war  without 
charging  any  fee  or  reward  to  the  persons  delivering  them  into  or 
taking  them  by  proper  authority  out  of  their  custody,  the  reasonable 
expenses  of  supporting  such  prisoners  in  gaol  to  be  paid  by  the 
government  of  the  State  wherein  they  shall  be  confined  and  charged 
to  the  United  States,  except  where  they  can  and  shall  be  otherwise 
provided  for  by  the  proper  officer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 
And  the  gaoler  shall  transmit  a  copjr  of  his  charges  against  the  United 
States  for  account  of  prisoners  of  war  to  the  commissary-general  of 
prisoners,  or  his  nearest  deputy,  when  any  prisoners  leave  the  gaol, 
either  for  removal  to  places  of  greater  security  or  for  exchange. 
That  prisoners  of  war,  either  on  their  march  or  in  confinement,  be 
furnished  with  only  two-thirds  of  a  soldier's  ration. 

That  none  but  sick  or  wounded  prisoners  be  allowed  carriages  at 
public  expense. 

That  all  prisoners  on  parole  pay  their  own  expenses,  and  such 
expenses  shall  be  paid  before  they  shall  be  exchanged. 

That  all  officers,  prisoners  of  war  to  the  United  States,  unless  in 
hospitals,  pay  their  physicians,  surgeons,  and  attendants. 

That  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners  and  his  deputies  make 
regular  monthly  returns  to  the  Board  of  War  of  the  numbers,  situa- 
tion, and  exchanges  of  all  prisoners  under  their  charge,  and  that  they 
also  give  the  saia  board  such  occasional  information  of  all  material 
transactions  in  their  department  as  circumstances  from  time  to  -time 
render  necessary,  or  when  they  shall  be  required  by  the  board  to  do 
so,  under  pain  of  being  suspended  or  dismissed  by  the  said  board. 

That  all  exchanges  of  prisoners  made  in  consequence  of  the  fore- 
going resolutions  shall  be  soldier  for  soldier  and  sailor  for  sailor. 

March  SI,  1780. — Congress  accepted  the  resignation  of  John  Beatty,  commissary- 
general  of  prisoners. 

April  15,  1780. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary -general  of  pris- 
oners, and,  the  ballots  being  taken,  Colonel  Joseph  Ward  was  elected. 

July  15,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  following  proportion  of  wagons  and  bathorses 
be  allowed  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,  and  no  more,  unless  it  be 
by  order  of  the  Commander  in  Chief  or  commanding  officer  of  a  sep- 
arate army,  each  of  whom  to  be  allowed  for  themselves  so  many  bag- 
gage wagons  and  bathorses  as  they  may  think  necessary,  to  wit: 

*  *  * 

Commissary  of  prisoners,  1  two-horse  wagon  or  2  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  with  a  separate  army,  1  two-horse 
wagon  or  2  bathorses. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  forage  allowed  for  the  wagon  and 
bathorses  by  these  regulations,  there  be  issued  to  ...  ;  com- 
missary of  prisoners  two;  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  with  a  sep- 
arate army,  two;  deputy  serving  with  the  main  army,  one;     .     .     . 


648       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OP  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

August  5,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  Captain  George  Turner  be  discharged  from  the  office 
of  commissary  of  prisoners,     .     .     . 

Resolved,  That  Brig.  General  Moultrie  be,  and  hereby  is,  authorized 
to  appoint  a  suitable  person  to  act  as  commissary  of  prisoners  in 
Charleston  and  return  the  name  of  the  person  appointed  to  Congress 
for  their  approbation,  if  they  shall  judge  proper. 

August  7,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  General  Washington  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
establishing  a  resident  commissary  of  prisoners  at  New  York,  and 
Major-General  Gates  another  in  South  Carolina  or  Georgia,  to  have 
the  care  of  prisoners  in  those  places,  according  to  the  usage  and  cus- 
toms of  war. 

August  m,  1780. 

Ordered,  That  Brig.  General  Moultrie  make  return  of  the  person 
whom  he  shall  appoint  commissary  of  prisoners  in  Charleston  to 
Major-General  Gates  or  the  commanding  officer  in  the  Southern 
Department  for  his  approbation ;  and  so  much  of  the  resolution  of  the 
5th  as  requires  Brig.  General  Moultrie  to  make  return  to  Congress  be, 
and  is  hereby,  repealed. 


September  15,  1780. 

Congress  proceeded  to  the  election  of  a  commissary-general  of  pris- 
oners; and,  the  ballots  being  taken, 

Mr.  Abraham  Skinner  was  elected,  having  been  previously  nomi- 
nated by  Mr.  Henry. 

October  9,  1780. 

Resolved,  That  the  agent  for  Continental  prisoners  at  New  York  be, 
and  hereby  is,  directed  to  issue  supplies  to  the  navy  prisoners  in  the 
same  manner  as  to  those  of  the  land  army,  as  practiced  by  him  here- 
tofore; and  that  he  make  distinct  returns  to  the  Board  of  Admiralty  of 
all  supplies  by  him  issued  to  the  navy  prisoners,  distinguishing  those 
in  Continental  service  from  those  in  private  ships  of  war,  and  the 
respective  ships  and  States  to  which  the  latter  belonged  when  taken. 

October  19,  1780. — General  Washington  was  authorized  to  carry  out  his  proposals 
for  appointing  a  commissary  of  prisoners  to  reside  with  the  American  and  British 
armies,  respectively,  or  to  make  such  other  agreement  as  he  shall  judge  proper  for 
the  appointment  of  commissaries  of  prisoners. 

February  5,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  the  medical  committee  give  the  directions  necessary 
for  .  .  .  removing  the  sick  from  the  new  gaol  in  their  city  to 
some  proper  place  to  be  provided  as  a  hospital  for  prisoners. 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OP   PRISONERS.  649 

March  S,  1781. 

Ordered,  That  the  convention  prisoners,  as  well  in  the  State  of 
Maryland  as  Virginia,  be  removed,  the  British  to  Yorktown,  and  the 
Germans  to  Lancaster,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  or  such  other 
place  or  places  within  the  said  State  as  the  executive  thereof  shall 
direct;  and  that  it  be,  and  hereby  is,  recommended  to  the  executive  of 
the  State  of  Virginia  to  superintend  the  removal,  safe-keeping,  and 
supply  of  the  Germans  to  Noland's  Ferry,  on  Potomac  River;  from 
which  place  it  is  recommended  to  the  executive  of  the  State  of  Mary- 
land to  superintend  their  removal,  safe-keeping,  and  supply  to  the 
borders  of  that  State,  and  to  continue  their  guard  to  Lancaster,  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  furnishing  the  necessary  supplies;  that  it  be,  and 
it  is,  also  recommended  to  the  State  of  Maryland  to  provide  a  guard 
and  furnish  the  supplies  for  the  convention  prisoners  to  be  removed 
from  Fredericktown  to  Yorktown,  the  guard  to  continue  on  to  York- 
town,  but  the  supplies,  after  entering  Pennsylvania,  to  be  furnished 
by  that  State;  that  the  executive  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  be, 
and  hereby  is,  requested  to  order  the  supplies  agreeably  to  the  above 
resolutions  and  make  the  necessary  preparations  for  the  reception  of 
prisoners  at  the  towns  or  places  assigned  as  aforesaid,  and  upon  their 
arrival  at  those  places,  respectively,  the  Board  of  War  take  order  for 
their  future  security  and  supply. 

September  18,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  War  be,  and  are  hereby,  directed  to  set 
apart  500  British  prisoners,  including  a  due  proportion  of  officers,  to 
whom  exchange  shall  be  denied,  until  the  American  prisoners  now  in 
Great  Britain  be  returned  to  these  States  by  exchange  or  otherwise. 

That  the  Board  of  War  report  a  plan  and  an  estimate  of  the  expense 
for  erecting  Symsbury  mines,  in  the  State  of  Connecticut,  into  a  State 
prison  for  the  reception  of  British  prisoners  of  war,  and  for  the  pur- 
pose of  retaliation. 

September  25,  1781. — "The  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners  will  report  to  head- 
quarters all  prisoners  of  war  immediately  after  their  capture."  {Orders,  General 
Headquarter 8,  WUliamsburgh. ) 

October  16,  1781. — Congress  declared  that  their  order  of  August  5,  1780,  for  the  dis- 
charge of  Capt.  George  Turner,  did  not  proceed  from  any  malpractice  or  dishonorable 
procedure  on  his  part. 

November  23,  1781. 

Resolved,  That  the  superintendent  of  finance  and  Board  of  War  be, 
and  hereby  are,  authorized  and  directed  to  take  immediate  order  for 
the  safe-keeping  and  support  of  the  prisoners  of  war  in  the  possession 
of  the  United  States,  so  as  to  ensure  their  safety  as  much  as  may  be, 
and  to  render  their  support  less  burthensome  to  the  finances  of  these 
States. 

April  10,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  commissary -general  of  prisoners,  so 
far  as  respects  the  securing  of  military  prisoners  and  making  returns 
of  them,  take  his  directions  from  the  Secretary  at  War. 

*  *  * 

That  the  care  and  direction  of  prisoners  of  war  be  vested  in  the 
Secretary  at  War,  so  bur  u  respects  their  safe-keeping. 


650      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  tT.  S.   ARMY. 

April  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants, 
beyond  the  number  of  ten  in  each  regiment  of  infantry,  be  reduced, 
.  .  .  except  such  of  them  as  shall  accept  of  appointments  in  the 
staff  departments,  with  the  approbation  of  the  heads  of  the  respective 
departments,  in  which  case  they  shall  severally  retain  their  respective 
ranks  in  the  Army  and  be  entitled  to  the  full  pajr  and  subsistence  be- 
longing to  their  rank  in  the  line,  as  a  compensation  for  their  respective 
services  in  the  staff,  without  any  other  allowance  whatsoever.     .     .     . 

July  3,  1782. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  at  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized and  empowered  to  cause  courts-martial  to  be  forthwith  holden  on 
the  several  commissaries  and  assistant  commissaries  of  prisoners,  at 
York,  Reading,  and  Lancaster  for  disobedience  of  orders  and  neglect 
of  duty  in  suffering  the  escape  of  prisoners  at  those  posts; 

And  that  the  Secretary  at  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
appoint  proper  persons  to  take  charge  of  the  prisoners  of  war  at  the 
said  places  until  the  said  commissaries  shall  be  discharged  from  their 
arrest  or  Congress  shall  otherwise  direct. 

July  2Jh  1782. 

Resolved,  That  all  resolutions  and  appointments  respecting  the 
department  of  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners  be,  ana  hereby  are 
repealed. 

That  the  commander  in  chief  be,  and  hereby  is,  empowered  to 
appoint,  from  time  to  time,  a  commissary  of  prisoners,  who  shall  be 
subject  to  his  orders  and  instructions. 

That  the  commanding  officer  of  the  southern  army  have  also  power 
to  appoint  from  time  to  time  a  commissary  of  prisoners,  who  shall  be 
subject  to  his  orders  and  instructions. 

That  the  power  of  negotiating  the  exchange  of  marine  prisoners  be 
henceforth  vested  in  the  agent  of  marine,  who  is  hereby  authorized  to 
appoint  a  commissary  for  marine  prisoners,  to  be  subject  to  his  orders 
and  instructions. 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  from 
time  to  time  to  appoint  so  many  persons  as  he  may  find  necessary  to 
assist  him  in  superintending  and  safe-keeping  all  prisoners  of  war, 
reporting  such  appointments  to  Congress  as  soon  as  they  shall  be 
made. 

That  the  Secretary  at  War  direct  returns  to  be  made  once  in  every 
three  months  (or  oftener  if  applied  for)  to  the  commander  in  chief  of 
all  land  prisoners,  and  to  the  agent  of  marine  of  all  marine  prisoners, 
who  shall  be  under  his  charge. 

That  the  pay  of  the  commissaries  for  the  Army  shall  be  75  dollars 
per  month  each,  and  they  shall  each  be  allowed  two  rations  of  provi- 
sions per  day  and  12f  dollars  per  month  subsistence,  and  also  6f  dollars 
per  month  each  for  a  servant,  for  whom  they  shall  draw  from  the 
public  the  clothing  and  ration  allowed  to  a  private  soldier,  together 
with  forage  for  two  horses  each,  which  pay  and  allowance  shall  include 
what  they  may  be  entitled  to  from  the  public  as  officers  in  the  Army. 


COMMISSARY-GENERAL    OF   PRISONERS.  651 

That  the  commissary  to  be  appointed  by  the  agent  of  marine  shall 
receive  in  full  for  his  services,  including  any  pay  or  allowances  that  he 
may  be  entitled  to  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  the  sum  of  1,200 
dollars  per  annum. 

That  the  allowance  of  pay  and  rations  to  the  persons  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  at  War  to  assist  him  in  superintending  and  safe- 
keeping prisoners  of  war  shall  not  exceed  40  dollars  per  month  and  four 
rations  per  day,  or  subsistence  equivalent,  including  what  they  may  be 
entitled  to  as  officers  of  the  Army. 

September  22,  1782. — "By  virtue  of  the  power  vested  in  the  Commander  in  Chief 
by  the  resolve  of  the  honorable  the  Congress  of  the  24th  July  last,  Lieut.  Col.  Wm.  S. 
Smith  is  appointed  commissary  of  prisoners  to  the  army  in  this  quarter."  (Orders, 
General  Headquarters,  Verplanck,s  Point.) 

October  23,  1782. 

Resolved,  .  .  .  That  the  following  be  the  proportion  of  wagons 
and  bathorses  to  the  different  ranks  of  officers,     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

Commissary  of  prisoners,  one  two-horse  wagon. 

Deputy  commissary  of  prisoners,  southern  army,  one  two-horse 

wagon. 

*  *  * 

That  there  be  allowed  for  saddle  horses — 

*  *  * 

Commissary  of  prisoners,  2  rations. 
Deputy  with  a  separate  army,  2  rations. 

*  *  » 


STATUTES    AT    LARGE. 

Act  of  July  6, 1812  (2  Stats.,  777). 
AN  ACT  for  the  safe-keeping  and  accommodation  of  prisoners  of  war.1 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  make  such  regulations  and  arrangements  for  the  safe-keeping, 
support,  and  exchange  of  prisoners  of  war  as  he  may  deem  expedient, 
until  the  same  shall  be  otherwise  provided  for  my  law;     .     .     . 

1  Repealed  by  act  of  March  3,  1817  (3-358). 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND 
ABANDONED  LANDS. 


May  12,  1865. — Maj.  Oliver  O.  Howard  (Maine),  Commissioner. 
June  30,  1872. — Bureau  discontinued. 


653 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND  ABANDONED 

LANDS. 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1865  {13  Stats.,  507). 

AX  ACT  to  establish  a  bureau  for  the  relief  of  freedmen  and  refugees. 

That  there  is  hereby  established  in  the  War  Department,  to  continue 
during  the  present  war  of  rebellion  and  for  one  year  thereafter,  a 
Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands,  to  which  shall 
be  committed,  as  hereinafter  provided,  the  supervision  and  manage- 
ment of  all  abandoned  lands  and  the  control  of  all  subjects  relating  to 
refugees  and  freedmen  from  rebel  States,  or  from  any  district  of 
country  within  the  territory  embraced  in  the  operations  of  the  Army, 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  head  of 
the  Bureau  and  approyed  by  the  President.  The  said  Bureau  shall  be 
under  the  management  and  control  of  a  commissioner,  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
whose  compensation  shall  be  three  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and 
such  number  of  clerks  as  may  be  assigned  to  him  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  not  exceeding  one  chief  clerk,  two  of  the  fourth  class,  two  of  the 
third  class,  and  five  of  the  first  class.  And  the  commissioner,  and  all 
persons  appointed  under  this  act,  shall,  before  entering  upon  their 
duties,  take  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  in  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
prescribe  an  oath  of  office,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July 
second,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two;  and  the  commissioner  and 
chief  clerk  shall,  before  entering  upon  their  duties,  give  bonds  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  the  former  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars  and  the  latter  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  conditioned 
for  the  faithful  discharge  of  their  duties,  respectively,  with  securities 
to  be  approved  as  sufficient  by  the  Attorney -General,  which  bonds 
shall  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury, 
to  be  by  him  put  in  suit  for  the  benefit  of  any  injured  party  upon  any 
breach  of  the  conditions  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct  such  issues  of  pro- 
visions, clothing,  and  fuel  as  he  may  deem  needful  for  the  immediate 
and  temporary  shelter  and  supply  of  destitute  and  suffering  refugees 
and  freedmen  and  their  wives  and  children,  under  such  rules  and  regu- 
lations as  he  may  direct. 

Sue.  3.  That  the  President  may,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  an  assistant  commissioner  for  each  of  the  States 
declared  to  be  in  insurrection,  not  exceeding  ten  in  number,  who  shall, 
under  the  direction  of  the  commissioner,  aid  in  the  execution  of  the 

655 


656       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

provisions  of  this  act,  and  he  shall  give  a  bond  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  in  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  in  the  form  and 
manner  prescribed  in  the  first  section  of  this  act.  Each  of  said  com- 
missioners shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  two  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars  in  full  compensation  for  all  his  services.  And  anjr  military 
officer  may  be  detailed  and  assigned  to  duty  under  this  act  without 
increase  of  pay  or  allowances.  The  commissioner  shall,  before  the 
commencement  of  each  regular  session  of  Congress,  make  full  report 
of  his  proceedings,  with  exhibits  of  the  state  of  his  accounts,  to  the 
President,  who  shall  communicate  the  same  to  Congress,  and  shall  also 
make  special  reports  whenever  required  to  do  so  by  the  President  or 
either  House  of  Congress;  and  the  assistant  commissioners  shall  make 
quarterly  reports  of  their  proceedings  to  the  commissioner,  and  also 
such  other  special  reports  as  from  time  to  time  may  be  required. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  commissioner,  under  the  direction  of  the  Presi- 
dent, shall  have  authority  to  set  apart  for  the  use  of  loyal  refugees 
and  freedmen  such  tracts  of  land  within  the  insurrectionary  States  as 
shall  have  been  abandoned,  or  to  which  the  United  States  shall  have 
acquired  title  by  confiscation  or  sale,  or  otherwise;  and  to  every  male 
citizen,  whether  refugee  or  freedmen  as  aforesaid,  there  shall  be 
assigned  not  more  than  fort}7  acres  of  such  land,  and  the  person  to 
whom  it  was  so  assigned  shall  be  protected  in  the  use  and  enjoyment 
of  the  land  for  the  term  of  three  years,  at  an  annual  rent  not  exceed- 
ing six  per  centum  upon  the  value  of  such  land  as  it  was  appraised  by 
the  State  authorities  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty  for  the 
purpose  of  taxation,  and  in  case  no  such  appraisal  can  be  found,  then 
the  rental  shall  be  based  upon  the  estimated  value  of  the  land  in  said 
year,  to  be  ascertained  in  such  manner  as  the  commissioner  may  by 
regulation  prescribe.  At  the  end  of  said  term,  or  at  any  time  during 
said  term,  the  occupants  of  any  parcels  so  assigned  may  purchase  the 
land,  and  receive  such  title  thereto  as  the  United  States  can  convey, 
upon  paying  therefor  the  value  of  the  land  as  ascertained  and  fixed  for 
the  purpose  of  determining  the  annual  rent  aforesaid. 


Act  of  July  16,  1866  (U  Stats.,  173). 

AN  ACT  to  continue  in  force  and  to  amend  "An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for  the 
Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,"  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and 
Refugees,  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty -five, 
shall  continue  in  force  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  and  after  the 
passage  of  this  act. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  supervision  and  care  of  said  Bureau  shall  extend 
to  all  loyal  refugees  and  freedmen,  so  far  as  the  same  shall  be  neces- 
sary to  enable  them  as  speedily  as  practicable  to  become  self-support- 
ing citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  to  aid  them  in  making  the 
freedom  conferred  by  proclamation  of  the  Commander  in  Chief,  by 
emancipation  under  the  laws  of  States,  and  by  constitutional  amend- 
ment, available  to  them  and  beneficial  to  the  Republic. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  President  shall,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  two  assistant  commissioners  in  addition  to  those 
authorized  by  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment,  who  shall  give 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND  ABANDONED  LANDS.      657 

like  bonds  and  receive  the  same  annual  salaries  provided  in  said  act; 
and  each  of  the  assistant  commissioners  of  the  Bureau  shall  have 
charge  of  one  district  containing  such  refugees  or  freedmen,  to  be 
assigned  him  b}T  the  commissioner,  with  the  approval  of  the  President. 
And  the  commissioner  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  President,  and 
so  far  as  the  same  shall  be,  in  his  judgment,  necessary  for  the  efficient 
and  economical  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  Bureau,  appoint 
such  agents,  clerks,  and  assistants  as  may  be  required  for  the  proper 
conduct  of  the  Bureau.  Military  officers  or  enlisted  men  may  be 
detailed  for  service  and  assigned  to  duty  under  this  act,  and  the  Presi- 
dent may,  if  in  his  judgment  safe  and  judicious  so  to  do,  detail  from 
the  Army  all  the  officers  and  agents  of  this  Bureau;  but  no  officer  so 
assigned  shall  have  increase  of  pay  or  allowances.  Each  agent  or 
clerk,  not  heretofore  authorized  by  law,  not  being  a  military  officer, 
shall  have  an  annual  salary  of  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars  nor 
more  than  twelve  hundred  dollars,  according  to  the  service  required  of 
him.  And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioner,  when  it  can  be 
done  consistently  with  public  interest,  to  appoint,  as  assistant  com- 
missioners, agents,  and  clerks,  such  men  as  have  proved  their  loyalty 
by  faithful  service  in  the  armies  of  the  Union  during  the  rebellion. 
And  all  persons  appointed  to  service  under  this  act  and  the  act  to 
which  this  is  an  amendment  shall  be  so  far  deemed  in  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States  as  to  be  under  the  military  jurisdiction 
and  entitled  to  the  military  protection  of  the  Government  while  in  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  office. 

Sec.  4.  That  officers  of  the  Veteran  Keserve  Corps  or  of  the  volun- 
teer service  now  on  duty  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  as  assistant 
commissioners,  agents,  medical  officers,  or  in  other  capacities,  whose 
regiments  or  corps  have  been  or  may  hereafter  be  mustered  out  of 
service,  may  be  retained  upon  such  duty  as  officers  of  said  Bureau, 
with  the  same  compensation  as  is  now  provided  by  law  for  their 
respective  grades;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  have  power  to  fill 
vacancies  until  other  officers  can  be  detailed  in  their  places  without 
detriment  to  the  public  service. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  second  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amend- 
ment shall  be  deemed  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  issue  such 
medical  stores  or  other  supplies  and  transportation  and  afford  such 
medical  or  other  aid  as  may  be  needful  for  the  purposes  named  in  said 
section:  Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  deemed  "  destitute,"  "suf-. 
fering,"  or  "dependent  upon  the  Government  for  support,"  within 
the  meaning  of  this  act,  who  is  able  to  find  employment,  and  could,  by 
proper  industry  and  exertion,  avoid  such  destitution,  suffering,  or 

dependence. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  assistant  commissioners  for  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia  are  hereby  authorized  to  examine  all  claims  to  lands  in  their 
n  -pective  States  which  are  claimed  under  the  provisions  of  General 
Sherman's  special  field  order,  and  to  give  each  person  having  a  valid 
claim  a  warrant  upon  the  direct  tax  commissioners  for  South  Carolina 
for  twenty  acres  of  land,  and  the  said  direct  tax  commissioners  shall 
issue  to  every  person,  or  to  his  or  her  heirs,  but  in  no  case  to  any 
assigns,  presenting  such  warrant,  a  lease  of  twenty  acres  of  land,  as 
provided  for  in  section  seven,  for  the  term  of  six  years;  but  at  any 
time  thereafter,  upon  the  payment  of  a  sum  not  exceeding  one  dollar 

S.  Doc.  229 42 


658       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.    S.   ARMY. 

and  fifty  cents  per  acre,  the  person  holding  such  lease  shall  be  entitled 
to  a  certificate  of  sale  of  said  tract  of  twenty  acres  from  the  direct  tax 
commissioners  or  such  officer  as  may  be  authorized  to  issue  the  same; 
but  no  warrant  shall  be  held  valid  longer  than  two  years  after  the  issue 

of  the  same. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  12.  That  the  commissioner  shall  have  power  to  seize,  hold,  use, 
lease,  or  sell  all  buildings  and  tenements,  and  any  lands  appertaining  to 
the  same,  or  otherwise,  formerly  held  under  color  of  title  by  the  late 
so-called  Confederate  States,  and  not  heretofore  disposed  of  by  the 
United  States,  and  any  buildings  or  lands  held  in  trust  for  the  same  by 
any  person  or  persons,  and  to  use  the  same  or  appropriate  the  proceeds 
derived  therefrom  to  the  education  of  the  freed  people;  and  whenever 
the  Bureau  shall  cease  to  exist  such  of  said  so-called  Confederate  States 
as  shall  have  made  provision  for  the  education  of  their  citizens  with- 
out distinction  of  color  shall  receive  the  sum  remaining  unexpended 
of  such  sales  or  rentals,  which  shall  be  distributed  among  said  States 
for  educational  purposes  in  proportion  to  their  population. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  commissioner  of  this  Bureau  shall  at  all  times 
cooperate  with  private  benevolent  associations  of  citizens  in  aid  of 
f  reedmen,  and  with  agents  and  teachers  duly  accredited  and  appointed 
by  them,  and  shall  hire  or  provide  by  lease  buildings  for  purposes  of 
education  whenever  such  association  shall,  without  cost  to  the  Govern- 
ment, provide  suitable  teachers  and  means  of  instruction;  and  he  shall 
furnish  such  protection  as  may  be  required  for  the  safe  conduct  of 
such  schools. 

Sec.  14.  That  in  every  State  or  district  where  the  ordinary  course 
of  judicial  proceedings  has  been  interrupted  by  the  rebellion,  and  until 
the  same  shall  be  fully  restored,  and  in  every  State  or  district  whose 
constitutional  relations  to  the  Government  have  been  practically  dis- 
continued by  the  rebellion,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been  restored 
in  such  relations  and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  the  right  to  make  and  enforce  contracts,  to  sue,  be 
parties,  and  give  evidence,  to  inherit,  purchase,  lease,  sell,  hold,  and 
convey  real  and  personal  property,  and  to  have  full  and  equal  benefit 
of  all  laws  and  proceedings  concerning  personal  liberty,  personal 
security,  and  the  acquisition,  enjoyment,  ana  disposition  of  estate,  real 
and  personal,  including  the  constitutional  right  to  bear  arms,  shall  be 
secured  to  and  enjoyed  by  all  the  citizens  of  such  State  or  district,  with- 
out respect  to  race  or  color  or  previous  condition  of  slavery.  And  when- 
ever in  either  of  said  States  or  districts  the  ordinary  course  of  judicial 
proceedings  has  been  interrupted  by  the  rebellion,  and  until  the  same 
shall  be  fully  restored,  and  until  such  State  shall  have  been  restored 
in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the  Government  and  shall  be  duly 
represented  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  President  shall, 
through  the  commissioner  and  the  officers  of  the  bureau,  and  under  such 
rules  and  regulations  as  the  President,  through  the  Secretary  of  War, 
shall  prescribe,  extend  military  protection  and  have  military  jurisdic- 
tion over  all  cases  and  questions  concerning  the  free  enjoyment  of 
such  immunities  and  rights;  and  no  penalty  or  punishment  for  any 
violation  of  law  shall  be  imposed  or  permitted  because  of  race  or  color 
or  previous  condition  of  slavery,  other  or  greater  than  the  penalty  or 
punishment  to  which  white  persons  may  be  liable  by  law  for  the  like 
offense.  But  the  jurisdiction  conferred  by  this  section  upon  the  officers 
of  the  bureau  shall  not  exist  in  any  State  where  the  ordinary  course  of 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND  ABANDONED  LANDS.   659 

judicial  proceedings  has  not  been  interrupted  by  the  rebellion,  and 
shall  cease  in  every  State  when  the  courts  of  the  State  and  the  United 
States  are  not  disturbed  in  the  peaceable  course  of  justice,  and  after 
such  State  shall  be  fully  restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  to  the 
Government  and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  15.  That  all  officers,  agents,  and  employees  of  this  bureau, 
before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  their  office,  shall  take  the  oath  pre- 
scribed in  the  first  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment, 
and  all  acts  or  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of  this  act 
are  hereby  repealed. 

Act  of  March  2,  1867  (U  Stats.,  486). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  5.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  ...  of  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau  to  prohibit  and  prevent  whipping  or  maiming  of  the  person 
as  a  punishment  for  any  crime,  misdemeanor,  or  offense,  by  any  pre- 
tended civil  or  military  authority  in  any  State  lately  in  rebellion  until 
the  civil  government  of  such  State  shall  have  been  restored  and  shall 
have  been  recognized  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  March  2,  1867  {14  Stats.,  546). 

AN  ACT  to  regulate  the  disposition  of  an  irregular  fund  in  the  custody  of  the 

Freedmen's  Bureau. 

Whereas  the  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen, 
and  Abandoned  Lands  reports  a  retained  bounty  fund,  derived  from  a 
portion  of  the  State  bounties  of  certain  colored  soldiers  enlisted  in 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina  during  the  years  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-four  and  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  and  by  virtue  of 
General  Order  Number  Ninety,  Department  of  Virginia  and  North 
(  urolina,  series  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  holden  by  the 
superintendent  of  freedmen's  affairs,  but  turned  over  to  the  said  freed- 
men's bureau  upon  its  organization;  and  whereas  the  said  commissioner 
has  in  his  possession  the  names  of  those  soldiers  from  whom  the  .said 
money  was  taken;  and  whereas  he  has  uniformly  returned  the  same 
upon  the  application  or  discovery  of  legal  representatives,  but  retains 
a  considerable  portion  thereof  belonging  to  soldiers  who  are  either 
deceased  or  who  can  not  be  found:  Therefore, 

That  the  said  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen, 
and  Abandoned  Lands,  or  his  successor  in  office,  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
constituted  the  lawful  custodian  of  said  retained  bounty  fund,  and 
appointed  trustee  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  said  colored  soldiers 
or  their  lawful  representatives. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  said  commissioner  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  specially 
authorized  and  empowered  to  invest  the  said  fund,  or  any  portion 
thereof,  in  bonds  or  the  United  States  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  the 
said  colored  soldiers  or  their  legal  representatives:  Pronh/nl,  however, 
That  a  sufficient  amount  of  the  same  in  cash  be  retained  uninvested  to 


660       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

meet  all  lawful  claims  thereupon  that  will  probably  be  presented  for 
payment:  And  provided  farther,  That  any  portion  of  the  said  fund 
which  may  remain  unexpended  when  the  said  bureau  shall  cease  to 
exist  shall  be  accounted  for  b}^  said  commissioner  to  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States. 

Resolution  of  March  29,  1867  (15  Stats.,  26). 

A  RESOLUTION  in  reference  to  the  collection  and  payment  of  moneys  due  colored 
soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines,  or  their  heire. 

Resolvedby  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  oftlce  United  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  all  checks  and  treasury  certifi- 
cates to  be  issued  in  the  settlement  of  claims  for  pay,  bounty,  prize 
monej',  or  other  moneys  due  to  colored  soldiers,  sailors,  or  marines, 
or  their  legal  representatives  now  residing,  or  who  may  have  resided, 
in  any  State  in  which  slavery  existed  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty,  the  claim  for  which  has  been  or  may  be  prosecuted  by  an 
agent  or  attorney,  shall  be  made  payable  to  the  commissioner  of  the 
Freedmen's  Bureau,  who  shall  pay  the  said  agent  or  attorney  his 
lawful  fees  and  expenses,  and  shall  hold  the  balance  subject  to  the 
order  of  the  claimants  on  satisfactory  identification;  but  no  money 
shall  be  paid  to  any  person  except  the  claimant  or  his  or  her  legal 
representatives,  if  deceased;  nor  shall  any  power  of  attorney,  transfer, 
or  assignment  of  the  amount  of  said  claims,  or  any  part  thereof,  be 
recognized  or  allowed  hy  the  commissioner,  or  by  any  officer  or  agent 
acting  under  him;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  commissioner, 
the  officers  and  agents  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  to  facilitate  as  far 
as  possible  the  discovery,  identification,  and  payment  of  the  claimants. 

Sec.  9,.  And  be  it  further  resolved,  That  the  commissioner  of  the 
Freedmen's  Bureau  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  safe  custody  and 
faithful  disbursement  of  the  funds  herebv  intrusted  to  him.     .     .     . 


Resolution  of  March  30,  1867  (IS  Stats.,  28). 

A  RESOLUTION  for  the  relief  of  the  destitute  in  the  Southern  and  Southwestern 

States. 

Resolvedby  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and 
hereby  is,  empowered  and  directed  to  issue  supplies  of  food  sufficient 
to  prevent  starvation  and  extreme  want  to  ai^  and  all  classes  of  des- 
titute or  helpless  persons  of  the  people  in  those  Southern  and  South- 
western States  where  a  failure  of  the  crops  and  other  causes  have 
occasioned  widespread  destitution ;  that  the  issues  be  through  the  Freed- 
men's Bureau,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall 
prescribe.  And  to  that  end  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized 
and  directed,  through  the  commissioner  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  to 
apply  so  much  as  he  may  deem  necessary  for  the  purposes  aforesaid  of 
the  unexpended  moneys  heretofore  appropriated  to  supply  freedmen 
and  refugees  with  provisions  or  rations:  Provided,  That  the  expendi- 
ture shall  not  extend  beyond  the  present  appropriations  already  made 
for  the  Freedmen's  Bureau. 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND  ABANDONED  LANDS.      661 

Resolution  of  January  31,  1868  (15  Stats.,  21/fi). 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  for  the  relief  of  destitute  persons  in  the  South. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be  hereby  authorized  to  issue,  for  the 
relief  of  any  and  all  classes  of  destitutes  in  the  South,  such  desiccated 
potatoes  and  desiccated  mixed  vegetables  as  have  accumulated  during; 
the  war  and  are  not  needed  for  use  in  the  Army;  the  same  to  be  issued 
under  the  direction  of  the  commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees, 
Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands. 

March  10,  1868  (15-41)- — Commissioner  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned 
Lands  charged  with  expenditure  of  the  $15,000  appropriated  for  the  relief  of  the 
destitute  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Act  of  July  6,  1868  (IS  Stats.,  83). 

AN  ACT  to  continue  the  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees,  and  for 

other  purposes. 

That  the  act  entitled  "  An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of 
Freedmen  and  Refugees,"  approved  March  three,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty -five,  and  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  continue  in  force  and  to 
amend  'An  act  to  establish  a  Bureau  for  the  Relief  of  Freedmen  and 
Refugees,'  and  for  other  purposes,"  passed  on  the  sixteenth  of  July, 
anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  shall  continue  in  force 
for  the  term  of  one  year  from  and  after  the  sixteenth  of  July,  in  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty -eight,  excepting  so  far  as 
the  same  shall  be  herein  modified.  And  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereb}^ 
directed  to  reestablish  said  bureau  where  the  same  has  been  wholly  or 
in  part  discontinued:  Provided,  [That]  he  shall  be  satisfied  that  the 
personal  safety  of  freedmen  shall  require  it. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  dis- 
continue the  operations  of  the  bureau  in  any  State  whenever  such 
State  shall  be  full}'  restored  in  its  constitutional  relations  with  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  and  shall  be  duly  represented  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  unless,  upon  advising  with  the  com- 
missioner of  the  bureau,  and  upon  full  consideration  of  the  condition 
of  freedmen's  affairs  in  such  State,  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  be  of 
opinion  that  the  further  continuance  of  the  bureau  shall  be  necessary: 
Provided,  however,  That  the  educational  division  of  said  bureau  shall 
not  be  affected,  or  in  any  way  interfered  with,  until  such  State  shall 
have  made  suitable  provision  for  the  education  of  the  children  of 
freedmen  within  said  State. 

Sec.  3.  That  unexpended  balances  in  the  hands  of  the  commissioner 
not  required  otherwise  for  the  due  execution  of  the  law  may  be,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  commissioner,  applied  for  the  education  of  freedmen 
and  refugees,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  laws  applicable  thereto. 

Sec.  4.  That  officers  of  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  or  of  the  volun- 
teer service,  now  on  duty  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  as  assistant  com- 
missioners, agents,  medical  ofticers,  or  in  other  capacities,  who  have 
been  or  may  l>e  mustered  out  of  service,  may  be  retained  by  the  com- 
missioner, when  the  same  shall  be  required  for  the  proper  execution 
of  the  laws,  as  officers  of  the  bureau,  upon  such  duty  and  with  the 
same  pay,  compensation,  and  all  allowances,  from  the  date  of  their 
appointment,  as  now  provided  by  law  for  their  respective  grades  and 


662      LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

duties  at  the  dates  of  their  muster  out  and  discharge;  and  such  officers 
so  retained  shall  have,  respectively,  the  same  authority  and  jurisdiction 
as  now  conferred  upon  'officers  of  the  bureau"  by  act  of  Congress 
passed  on  the  sixteenth  of  July,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty -six. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioner  is  hereby  empowered  to  sell  for  cash, 
or  by  installments  with  ample  security,  school  buildings  and  other 
buildings  constructed  for  refugees  and  freedmen  by  the  bureau,  to  the 
associations,  corporate  bodies,  or  trustees  who  now  use  them  for  pur- 
poses of  education  or  relief  of  want,  under  suitable  guarantees  that 
the  purposes  for  which  such  buildings  were  constructed  shall  be 
observed:  Provided,  That  all  funds  derived  therefrom  shall  be  returned 
to  the  bureau  appropriation  and  accounted  for  to  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States. 

Act  of  July  25,  1868  (15  Stats.,  193). 
AN  ACT  relating  to  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  and  providing  for  its  discontinuance. 

That  the  duties  and  powers  of  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  for  the 
Relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees  shall  continue  to  be  discharged  by  the 
present  commissioner  of  the  bureau,  and  in  case  of  vacancy  in  said 
office  occurring  by  reason  of  his  death  or  resignation,  the  same  shall 
be  filled  by  appointment  of  the  President  on  the  nomination  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate;  and 
no  officer  of  the  Army  shall  be  detailed  for  service  as  commissioner  or 
shall  enter  upon  the  duties  of  commissioner  unless  appointed  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate;  and  all  assistant  commis- 
sioners, agents,  clerks,  and  assistants  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  on  the  nomination  of  the  commissioner  of  the  bureau. 
In  case  of  vacancy  in  the  office  of  commissioner  happening  during 
the  recess  of  the  Senate,  the  duties  of  commissioner  shall  be  discharged 
by  the  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  bureau  until  such  vacancy 
can  be  filled. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  commissioner  of  the  bureau  shall,  on  the  first  day 
of  January  next,  cause  the  said  bureau  to  be  withdrawn  from  the  sev- 
eral States  within  which  said  bureau  has  acted,  and  its  operations  shall 
be  discontinued.  But  the  educational  department  of  the  said  bureau, 
and  the  collection  and  payment  of  moneys  due  the  soldiers,  sailors,  and 
marines,  or  their  heirs,  shall  be  continued  as  now  provided  by  law  until 
otherwise  ordered  by  act  of  Congress. 

Act  of  April  7,  1869  (16  Stats.,  8). 

AN  ACT  relating  to  freedmen's  hospitals. 

That  the  commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen  is 
authorized  and  directed  to  continue  the  freedmen's  hospitals  at  Rich- 
mond, Virginia;  Vicksburg,  Mississippi;  and  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, including  the  asylum  for  aged  and  infirm  freedmen  and  for  orphan 
children:  Provided,  That  the  expense  thereof  shall  be  paid  by  the  com- 
missioner out  of  moneys  heretofore  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the 
bureau:  And  provided  further,  That  said  hospitals  shall  be  discon- 
tinued as  soon  as  may  be  practicable  in  the  discretion  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States. 


BUREAU  OF  REFUGEES,  FREEDMEN,  AND  ABANDONED  LANDS.      668 

Act  of  June  10,  1872  (17  Stats.,  347).  ! 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  •  * 

Bureauof *  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned Lands.  .  .  .  Pro- 
vided, That  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands 
shall  be  discontinued  from  and  after  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy -two.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

December  15,  1877  {20-7) . — In  the  event  of  the  work  of  collecting  and  paying 
bounty  and  other  claims  of  colored  soldiers  and  sailors  not  being  finished  before 
January  1,  1879,  the  bureau  to  be  closed  and  all  papers  connected  therewith  to  be 
turned  over  to  the  Paymaster-General. 

'The  unfinished  business  of  the  bureau  was  turned  over  to  the  Adjutant-General 
July  1,  1872.  The  bureau  of  colored  troops,  in  his  office,  was  finally  closed  June 
30,  1879. 


PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S  BUREAU. 


Mar.  17,  1863.— Col.  (Brig.  Gen.,  April  21,  1864)  James  B.  Fry  (Illinois). 
Aug.  28,  1866. — Bureau  discontinued. 


665 


PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL. 


STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  731). 

AN  ACT  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  for  greater  convenience  in  enrolling,  calling  out,  and 
organizing  the  national  forces,  and  for  the  arrest  of  deserters  and  spies 
of  the  enenry,  the  United  States  shall  be  divided  into  districts,  of  which 
the  District  of  Columbia  shall  constitute  one,  each  Territory  of  the 
United  States  shall  constitute  one  or  more,  as  the  President  shall  direct, 
and  each  Congressional  district  of  the  respective  States,  as  fixed  by  a 
law  of  the  State  next  preceding  the  enrollment,  shall  constitute  one: 
Provided,  That  in  States  which  have  not  by  their  laws  been  divided 
into  two  or  more  Congressional  districts,  the  President  of  the  United 
States  shall  divide  the  same  into  so  many  enrollment  districts  as  he 
may  deem  fit  and  convenient. 

Sec.  5.  That  for  each  of  said  districts  there  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  President  a  provost-marshal,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments 
of  a  captain  of  cavalry,  or  an  officer  of  said  rank  shall  be  detailed  by 
the  President,  who  shall  be  under  the  direction  and  subject  to  the 
orders  of  a  Provost-Martial-General,  appointed  or  detailed  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  whose  office  shall  be  at  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment, forming  a  separate  bureau  of  the  War  Department,  and  whose 
rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  shall  be  those  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry. 

Sec.  6.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Provost-Marshal-General, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  make  rules  and  regula- 
tions for  the  government  of  his  subordinates;  to  furnish  them  with 
the  names  and  residences  of  all  deserters  from  the  Army,  or  any  of 
the  land  forces  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  including  the 
militia,  when  reported  to  him  by  the  commanding  officers;  to  com- 
municate to  them  all  orders  of  the  President  in  reference  to  calling  out 
the  national  forces;  to  furnish  proper  blanks  and  instructions  for 
enrolling  and  drafting;  to  file  and  preserve  copies  of  all  enrollment  lists; 
to  require  stated  reports  of  all  proceedings  on  the  part  of  his  subordi- 
nates; to  audit  all  accounts  connected  witn  the  service  under  his  direc- 
tion; and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  the  President  may  prescribe 
in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  7.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  provost -marshals  to  arrest 
all  deserters,  whether  regulars,  volunteers,  militiamen,  or  persons 
called  into  the  service  under  this  or  any  other  act  of  Congress,  wher- 
ever they  may  be  found,  and  to  send  them  to  the  nearest  military 
commander  or  military  post;  to  detect,  seize,  and  confine  spies  of  the 

667 


668       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  CI.  S.   ARMY. 

enemy,  who  shall,  without  unreasonable  delay,  be  delivered  to  the  cus- 
tody of  the  general  commanding  the  department  in  which  they  may  be 
arrested,  to  be  tried  as  soon  as  the  exigencies  of  the  service  permit; 
to  obey  all  lawful  orders  and  regulations  of  the  Provost-Marshal- 
General,  and  such  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  concerning  the  enroll- 
ment and  calling  into  service  of  the  national  forces. 

Sec.  8.  That  in  each  of  said  districts  there  shall  be  a  board  of 
enrollment,  to  be  composed  of  the  provost-marshal,  as  president,  and 
two  other  persons,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  one  of  whom  shall  be  a  licensed  and  practicing  physician  and 
surgeon. 

Sec.  9.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  board  to  divide  the  dis- 
tricts into  subdistricts  of  convenient  size,  if  they  shall  deem  it  neces- 
sary, not  exceeding  two,  without  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
Wai ,  and  to  appoint,  on  or  before  the  tenth  day  of  March  next,  and 
in  each  alternate  year  thereafter,  an  enrolling  officer  for  each  subdis- 
trict  and  to  furnish  him  with  proper  blanks  and  instructions;  and  he 
shall  immediately  proceed  to  enrol  all  persons  subject  to  military  duty, 
noting  their  respective  places  of  residence,  ages  on  the  first  day  of 
July  following,  and  their  occupation,  and  shall,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  April,  report  the  same  to  the  board  of  enrolment,  to  be  con- 
solidated into  one  list,  a  copy  of  which  shall  be  transmitted  to  the  Pro- 
vost-Marshal-General on  or  before  the  first  day  of  May  succeeding  the 
enrolment:  Provided,  nevertJieless,  That  if,  from  any  cause,  the  duties 
prescribed  by  this  section  can  not  be  performed  within  the  time  speci- 
fied, then  the  same  shall  be  performed  as  soon  thereafter  as  practicable. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  enrolment  of  each  class  shall  be  made  separately, 
and  shall  only  embrace  those  whose  ages  shall  be  on  the  first  day  of 
July  thereafter  between  twenty  and  forty-five  years. 

Sec.  11.  That  all  persons  thus  enrolled  shall  be  subject,  for  two 
years  after  the  first  day  of  July  succeeding  the  enrollment,  to  be  called 
into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  and  to  continue  in  service 
during  the  present  rebellion,  not,  however,  exceeding  the  term  of  three 
years;  and  when  called  into  service  shall  be  placed  on  the  same  foot- 
ing, in  all  respects,  as  volunteers  for  three  years  or  during  the  war, 
including  advance  pa}r  and  bounty  as  now  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  12.  That  whenever  it  may  be  necessary  to  call  out  the  national 
forces  for  military  service,  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  assign 
to  each  district  the  number  of  men  to  be  furnished  by  said  district; 
and  thereupon  the  enrolling  board  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the 
President,  make  a  draft  of  the  required  number,  and  fifty  per  cent  in 
addition,  and  shall  make  an  exact  and  complete  roll  of  the  names  of 
the  persons  so  drawn,  and  of  the  order  in  which  they  were  drawn,  so 
that  the  first  drawn  may  stand  first  upon  the  said  roll,  and  the  second 
may  stand  second,  and  so  on.  And  the  person  so  drawn  shall  be  noti- 
fied of  the  same  within  ten  days  thereafter  by  a  written  or  printed 
notice,  to  be  served  personally  or  by  leaving  a  copy  at  the  last  place 
of  residence,  requiring  them  to  appear  at  a  designated  rendezvous  to 
report  for  duty.  In  assigning  to  the  districts  the  number  of  men  to 
be  furnished  therefrom,  the  President  shall  take  into  consideration 
the  number  of  volunteers  and  militia  furnished  by  and  from  the  several 
States  in  which  said  districts  are  situated,  and  the  period  of  their  serv- 
ice since  the  commencement  of  the  present  rebellion,  and  shall  so  make 
said  assignment  as  to  equalize  the  numbers  among  the  districts  of  the 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  669 

several  States,  considering  and  allowing  for  the  numbers  already  fur- 
nished as  aforesaid  and  the  time  of  their  service. 

Sec.  13.  That  any  person  drafted  and  notified  to  appear  as  afore- 
said may.  on  or  before  the  day  fixed  for  his  appearance,  furnish  an 
acceptable  substitute  to  take  his  place  in  the  draft,  or  he  may  pay  to 
such  person  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  authorize  to  receive  it,  such 
sum,  not  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars,  as  the  Secretary  may  deter- 
mine, for  the  procuration  of  such  substitute,  which  sum  shall  be  fixed 
at  a  uniform  rate  by  a  general  order  made  at  the  time  of  ordering  a 
draft  for  any  State  or  Territory;  and  thereupon  such  person  so  fur- 
nishing the  substitute,  or  paying  the  money,  shall  be  discharged  from 
further  liability  under  that  draft.  And  any  person  failing  to  report 
after  due  service  of  notice  as  herein  prescribed,  without  furnishing 
a  substitute,  or  paying  the  required  sum  therefor,  shall  be  deemed  a 
deserter,  and  shall  be  arrested  by  the  provost-marshal  and  sent  to  the 
nearest  military  post  for  trial  by  court-martial,  unless,  upon  proper 
showing  that  he  is  not  liable  to  do  military  duty,  the  board  of  enrol- 
ment shall  relieve  him  from  the  draft. 

Sec.  14.  That  all  drafted  persons  shall,  on  arriving  at  the  rendezvous, 
be  carefully  inspected  by  the  surgeon  of  the  board,  who  shall  truly 
report  to  the  board  the  physical  condition  of  each  one;  and  all  persons 
drafted  and  claiming  exemption  from  military  duty  on  account  of  dis- 
ability, or  any  other  cause,  shall  present  their  claims  to  be  exempted 
to  the  board,  whose  decision  shall  be  final. 

Sec.  15.  That  any  surgeon  charged  with  the  duty  of  such  inspection 
who  shall  receive  from  any  person  whomsoever  any  money  or  other 
valuable  thing,  or  agree,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  receive  the  same  to 
his  own  or  another's  use  for  making  an  imperfect  inspection  or  a  false 
or  incorrect  report,  or  who  shall  wilfully  neglect  to  make  a  faithful 
inspection  and  true  report,  shall  be  tried  by  a  court-martial,  and,  on 
conviction  thereof,  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dol- 
lars nor  less  than  two  hundred,  and  be  imprisoned  at  the  discretion  of 
the  court,  and  be  cashiered  and  dismissed  from  the  service. 

Sec.  16.  That  as  soon  as  the  required  number  of  able-bodied  men 
liable  to  do  military  duty  shall  be  obtained  from  the  list  of  those 
drafted,  the  remainder  shall  be  discharged.  And  all  drafted  persons 
reporting  at  the  place  of  rendezvous  shall  be  allowed  travelling  pay 
from  their  places  of  residence;  and  all  persons  discharged  at  the  place 
of  rendezvous  shall  be  allowed  travelling  pay  to  their  places  of  resi- 
dence; and  all  expenses  connected  with  the  enrollment  and  draft, 
including  subsistence  while  at  the  rendezvous,  shall  be  paid  from  the 
appropriation  for  enrolling  and  drafting,  under  such  regulations  as  the 
President  of  the  United  States  shall  prescribe;  and  all  expenses  con- 
nected with  the  arrest  and  return  of  deserters  to  their  regiments,  or 
such  other  duties  as  the  provost-marshals  shall  be  called  upon  to  per- 
form, shall  be  paid  from  the  appropriation  for  arresting  deserters, 
under  sicck  regulations  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  pre- 
scribe: Provided,  The  provost-marshals  shall  in  no  case  receive  com- 
mutation for  transportation,  or  for  fuel  and  quarters,  but  only  for 
forage,  when  not  furnished  by  the  Government,  together  with  actual 
expenses  of  postage,  stationery,  and  clerk  hire  authorized  by  the 
Pro  vost-Marsnal-Gen  e  n  1 1 . 

Sec.  17.  That  any  person  enrolled  and  drafted  according  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  who  shall  furnish  an  acceptable  substitute  shall 


070       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

thereupon  receive  from  the  board  of  enrollment  a  certificate  of  dis- 
charge from  such  draft,  which  shall  exempt  him  from  military  duty 
during  the  time  for  which  he  was  drafted;  and  such  substitute  shall 
be  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and  allowances  provided  by  law  as  if  he 
had  been  originally  drafted  into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 


Act  of  March  3, 1863  (12  Stats.,  7U). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for 
the  year  ending  June  thirty,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  and  for  the  year 
ending  the  30  [th]  of  June,  1863,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  surgeon  and  the  citizen  at  large,  who  are,  with  the 
provost-marshal,  to  form  the  enrolling  board  of  each  Congressional 
district,  shall  receive  the  compensation  of  an  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
army,  excluding  commutation  for  fuel  and  quarters,  for  the  time 
actually  employed;     .     .     . 


Act  of  February  H,  1$U  (13  Stats.,  6). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national 
forces,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-three. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  authorized,  when- 
ever he  shall  deem  it  necessary,  during  the  present  war,  to  call  for 
such  number  of  men  for  the  military  service  of  the  United  States  as 
the  public  exigencies  may  require. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  quota  of  each  ward  of  a  city,  town,  township,  pre- 
cinct, or  election  district,  or  of  a  county,  where  the  county  is  not 
divided  into  wards,  towns,  townships,  precincts,  or  election  districts, 
shall  be,  as  nearly  as  possible,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  men 
resident  therein  liable  to  render  military  service,  taking  into  account, 
as  far  as  practicable,  the  number  which  has  been  previously  furnished 
therefrom;  and  in  ascertaining  and  filling  said  quota  there  shall  be 
taken  into  account  the  number  of  men  who  have  heretofore  entered 
the  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  and  whose  names  are  borne 
upon  the  enrollment  lists  as  already  returned  to  the  office  of  the 
provost-marshal  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  if  the  quotas  shall  not  be  filled  within  the  time  desig- 
nated by  the  President,  the  provost-marshal  of  the  district  within 
which  any  ward  of  a  city,  town,  township,  precinct,"  or  election  district, 
or  county,  where  the  same  is  not  divided  into  wards,  towns,  townships, 
precincts,  or  election  districts,  which  is  deficient  in  its  quota,  is  situ- 
ated, shall,  under  the  direction  of  the  Provost-Marshal-General,  make 
a  draft  for  the  number  deficient  therefrom;  but  all  volunteers  who  may 
enlist  after  the  draft  shall  have  been  ordered,  and  before  it  shall  be 
actually  made,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  number  ordered  to  be  drafted 
in  such  ward,  town,  township,  precinct,  or  election  district,  or  county. 
And  if  the  quota  of  any  district  shall  not  be  filled  by  the  draft  made  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  act  to  which  it  is  an 
amendment,  further  drafts  shall  be  made,  and  like  proceedings  had, 
until  the  quota  of  such  district  shall  be  filled. 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  671 

Sec.  4.  That  any  person  enrolled  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  for 
enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes, 
approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  or  who  may 
be  hereafter  so  enrolled,  may  furnish,  at  any  time  previous  to  the  draft, 
an  acceptable  substitute,  who  is  not  liable  to  draft,  nor,  at  the  time,  in 
the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States;  and  such  person  so 
furnishing  a  substitute  shall  be  exempt  from  draft  during  the  time  for 
which  such  substitute  shall  not  be  liable  to  draft,  not  exceeding  the 
time  for  which  such  substitute  shall  have  been  accepted. 

Sec.  5.  That  any  person  drafted  into  the  military  service  of  the  United 
States  may,  before  the  time  fixed  for  his  appearance  for  duty  at  the 
draft  rendezvous,  furnish  an  acceptable  substitute,  subject  to  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War;  that 
if  such  substitute  is  not  liable  to  draft,  the  person  furnishing  him  shall 
be  exempt  from  draft  during  the  time  for  which  such  substitute  is  not 
liable  to  draft,  not  exceeding  the  term  for  which  he  was  drafted;  and  if 
such  substitute  is  liable  to  draft,  the  name  of  the  person  furnishing  him 
shall  again  be  placed  on  the  roll,  and  shall  be  liable  to  draft  on  future 
calls,  but  not  until  the  present  enrollment  shall  be  exhausted;  and  this 
exemption  shall  not  exceed  the  term  for  which  such  person  shall  have 
been  drafted.  And  any  person  now  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of 
the  United  States,  not  physically  disqualified,  who  has  so  served  more 
than  one  year,  and  whose  term  of  unexpired  service  shall  not  at  the 
time  of  substitution  exceed  six  months,  may  be  employed  as  a  substi- 
tute to  serve  in  the  troops  of  the  State  in  which  he  enlisted;  and  if  any 
drafted  person  shall  hereafter  pay  money  for  the  procuration  of  a  sub- 
stitute, under  the  provisions  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment, 
such  payment  of  money  shall  operate  only  to  relieve  such  person  from 
draft  in  filling  that  quota;  and  his  name  shall  be  retained  on  the  roll 
in  filling  future  quotas;  but  in  no  instance  shall  the  exemption  of  any 
person,  on  account  of  his  pa}Tment  of  commutation  money  for  the  pro- 
curation of  a  substitute,  extend  beyond  one  year;  but  at  the  end  of 
one  year,  in  every  such  case,  the  name  of  any  person  so  exempted 
shall  be  enrolled  again,  if  not  before  returned  to  the  enrollment  list 
under  the  provisions  of  this  section. 

Sec.  6.  That  boards  of  enrollment  shall  enroll  all  persons  liable  to 
draft  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  the  act  to  which  this  is  an 
amendment,  whose  names  may  have  been  omitted  by  the  proper  enroll- 
ing officers;  all  persons  who  shall  arrive  at  the  age  of  twenty  years 
before  the  draft;  all  aliens  who  shall  declare  their  intention  to  become 
citizens;  all  persons  discharged  from  the  military  or  naval  service  of 
the  United  States  who  have  not  been  in  such  service  two  years  during 
the  present  war;  and  all  persons  who  have  been  exempted  under  the 

Erovisions  of  the  second  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment, 
ut  who  are  not  exempted  by  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and  said  boards 
of  enrollment  shall  release  and  discharge  from  draft  all  persons  who, 
between  the  time  of  the  enrollment  anu  the  draft,  shall  have  arrived 
at  the  age  of  forty-five  years,  and  shall  strike  the  names  of  such  per- 
sons from  the  enrollment. 

Sec.  7.  That  any  mariner,  or  able  or  ordinary  seaman,  who  shall  be 
drafted  under  this  act,  or  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment,  shall 
have  the  right,  within  eight  days  after  the  notification  of  such  draft, 
to  enlist  in  the  naval  service  as  a  seaman;  and  a  certificate  that  he  has 
so  enlisted  being  made  out,  in  conformity  with  regulations  which  may 


672       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  duly  presented  to  the 
provost-marshal  of  the  district  in  which  such  mariner,  or  able  or  ordi- 
nary seaman,  shall  have  been  drafted,  shall  exempt  him  from  such  draft: 
Provided,  That  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have  enlisted  into  the 
naval  service  shall  not  be  less  than  the  period  for  which  he  shall  have 
been  drafted  into  the  military  service:  A?id  provided  further,  That  the 
said  certificate  shall  declare  that  satisfactory  proof  has  been  made 
before  the  naval  officer  issuing  the  same  that  the  said  person  so  enlist- 
ing in  the  Navy  is  a  mariner  by  vocation,  or  an  able  or  an  ordinary 
seaman.  And  any  person  now  in  the  military  service  of  the  United 
States  who  shall  furnish  satisfactory  proof  that  he  is  a  mariner  by 
vocation,  or  an  able  or  ordinary  seaman,  may  enlist  into  the  Navy  under 
such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States:  Provided,  That  such  enlistment  shall  not  be  for 
less  than  the  unexpired  term  of  his  military  service,  nor  for  less  than 
one  year.  And  the  bounty  money  which  any  mariner  or  seaman, 
enlisting  from  the  Army  into  the  Navy,  may  have  received  from  the 
United  States,  or  from  the  State  in  which  he  enlisted  in  the  Army, 
shall  be  deducted  from  the  prize  money  to  which  he  may  become 
entitled  during  the  time  required  to  complete  his  military  service: 
And  provided  further,  That  the  whole  number  of  such  transfer  enlist- 
ments shall  not  exceed  ten  thousand. 

Sec.  8.  That  whenever  any  such  mariner  or  able  or  ordinary  seaman 
shall  have  been  exempted  from  such  draft  in  the  military  service  by  such 
enlistment  into  the  naval  service,  under  such  due  certificate  thereof, 
then  the  ward,  town,  township,  precinct,  or  election  district,  or  county, 
when  the  same  is  not  divided  into  wards,  towns,  townships,  precincts, 
or  election  districts,  from  which  such  person  has  been  drafted  shall  be 
credited  with  his  services  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  if  he  had  been 
duly  mustered  into  the  military  service  under  such  draft. 

Sec.  9.  That  all  enlistments  into  the  naval  service  of  the  United 
States,  or  into  the  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States,  that  may  here- 
after be  made  of  persons  liable  to  service  under  the  act  of  Congress 
entitled  "An  act  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and 
for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
three,  shall  be  credited  to  the  ward,  town,  township,  precinct,  or  elec- 
tion district,  or  county,  when  the  same  is  not  divided  into  wards,  towns, 
townships,  precincts,  or  election  districts,  in  which  such  enlisted  men 
were  or  may  be  enrolled  and  liable  to  duty  under  the  act  aforesaid, 
under  such  regulations  as  the  provost-marsnal-general  of  the  United 
States  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  following  persons  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  exempted 
from  enrollment  and  draft  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  of  the 
act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment,  to  wit:  Such  as  are  rejected  as 
physically  or  mentally  unfit  for  the  service,  all  persons  actual^  in  the 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  draft, 
and  all  persons  who  have  served  in  the  military  or  naval  service  two 
years  during  the  present  war  and  been  honorably  discharged  therefrom; 
and  no  persons  but  such  as  are  herein  exempted  shall  be  exempt. 

Sec.  11.  That  section  third  of  the  "Act  for  enrolling  and  calling  out 
the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  third, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  so  much  of  section  ten  of  said 
act  as  provides  for  the  separate  enrollment  of  each  class,  be,  and  the 
same  are  hereby,  repealed;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  board  of 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  673 

enrollment  of  each  district  to  consolidate  the  two  classes  mentioned  in 
the  third  section  of  said  act. 

Sec.  12.  That  any  person  who  shall  forcibly  resist  or  oppose  any 
enrollment,  or  who  snail  incite,  counsel,  or  encourage,  or  who  shall 
conspire  or  confederate  with  any  other  person  or  persons  forcibly  to 
resist  or  oppose  any  such  enrollment,  or  who  shall  aid  or  assist  or  take 
any  part  in  any  forcible  resistance  or  opposition  thereto,  or  who  shall 
assault,  obstruct,  hinder,  impede,  or  threaten  any  officer  or  other  per- 
son employed  in  making  or  in  aiding  to  make  such  enrollment,  or 
employed  in  the  performance  or  in  aiding  in  the  performance  of  any 
service  in  any  way  relating  thereto  or  in  arresting  or  aiding  to  arrest 
any  spy  or  deserter  from  the  military  service  of  the  United  States, 
shall,  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any  court  competent  to  try  the  offense, 
be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars  or  by  impris- 
onment not  exceeding  five  years,  or  by  both  of  said  punishments,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  court.  And  in  cases  where  such  assaulting, 
obstructing,  hindering,  or  impeding  shall  produce  the  death  of  such 
officer  or  other  person,  the  offender  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  murder, 
and,  upon  conviction  thereof  upon  indictment  in  the  circuit  court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  district  within  which  the  offense  was  com- 
mitted, shall  be  punished  with  death.  And  nothing  in  this  section  con- 
tained shall  be  construed  to  relieve  the  party  offending  from  liability, 
under  proper  indictment  or  process,  for  any  crime  against  the  laws  of 
a  State  committed  by  him  while  violating  the  provisions  of  this  section. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  be  authorized  to  detail  or 
appoint  such  number  of  additional  surgeons  for  temporary  duty  in  the 
examination  of  persons  drafted  into  the  military  service  in  any  dis- 
trict as  may  be  necessary  to  secure  the  prompt  examination  of  all 
such  persons  and  to  fix  the  compensation  to  be  paid  surgeons  so 
appointed  while  actually  employed;  and  such  surgeons  so  detailed  or 
appointed  shall  perform  the  same  duties  as  the  surgeon  of  the  board 
of  enrollment,  except  that  they  shall  not  be  permitted  to  vote  or  sit 
with  the  board  of  enrollment. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  whenever  in  his 
judgment  the  public  interest  will  be  subserved  thereby,  to  permit  or 
require  boards  of  examination  of  enrolled  or  drafted  men  to  hold  their 
examinations  at  different  points  within  their  respective  enrollment 
districts,  to  be  determined  Ity  him:  Provided,  That  in  all  districts  over 
one  hundred  miles  in  extent,  and  in  such  as  are  composed  of  over  ten 
counties,  the  board  shall  hold  their  sessions  in  at  least  two  places  in 
such  district,  and  at  such  points  as  are  best  calculated  to  accommodate 
the  people  thereof. 

Sec.  15.  That  provost-marshals,  boards  of  enrollment,  or  any  mem- 
ber thereof  acting  by  authority  of  the  board,  shall  have  power  to 
summon  witnesses  in  behalf  of  the  Government  and  enforce  their 
attendance  by  attachment,  without  previous  payment  of  fees,  in  any 
case  pending  before  them,  or  either  of  them;  and  the  fees  allowed  for 
witnesses  attending  under  summons  shall  be  six  cents  per  mile  for 
mileage,  counting  one  way;  and  no  other  fees  or  costs  shall  be  allowed 
under  the  provisions  of  this  section;  and  they  shall  have  power  to 
administer  oaths  and  affirmations.  And  any  person  who  shall  wilfully 
and  corruptly  swear  or  affirm  falsely  before  any  provost-marshal  or 
board  of  enrollment,  or  member  thereof  acting  by  authority  of  the 
board,  or  who  shall  before  any  civil  magistrate  wilfully  and  corruptly 

S.  Doc.  229 43 


674       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  D.   S.   ARMY. 

swear  or  affirm  falsely  to  any  affidavit  to  be  used  in  any  case  pending 
before  any  provost-marshal  or  board  of  enrollment,  shall  on  convic- 
tion be  fined  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  and  imprisoned  not 
less  than  six  months  nor  more  than  twelve  months.  The  drafted  men 
shall  have  process  to  bring  in  witnesses,  but  without  mileage. 

Sec.  16.  That  copies  of  any  record  of  a  provost-marshal  or  board  of 
enrollment,  or  of  any  part  thereof,  certified  by  the  provost-marshal 
or  a  majority  of  said  board  of  enrollment,  shall  be  deemed  and  taken 
as  evidence  in  any  civil  or  military  court  in  like  manner  as  the  original 
record:  Provided,  That  if  any  person  shall  knowingly  certify  any  false 
copy  or  copies  of  such  record,  to  be  used  in  any  civil  or  military  court, 
he  shall  be  subject  to  the  pains  and  penalties  of  perjury. 

Sec.  17.  That  members  of  religious  denominations,  who  shall  by 
oath  or  affirmation  declare  that  they  are  conscientiously  opposed  to  the 
bearing  of  arms,  and  who  are  prohibited  from  doing  so  by  the  rules 
and  articles  of  faith  and  practice  of  said  religious  denomination,  shall, 
when  drafted  into  the  military  service,  be  considered  noncombatants, 
and  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  duty  in  the  hospitals, 
or  to  the  care  of  freed  men,  or  shall  pay  the  sum  of  three  hundred 
dollars  to  such  person  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  designate  to 
receive  it,  to  be  applied  to  the  benefit  of  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers: 
Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  unless  his  declaration  of  conscientious  scruples 
against  bearing  arms  shall  be  supported  by  satisfactory  evidence  that 
his  deportment  has  been  uniformly  consistent  with  such  declaration. 

Sec.  18.  That  no  person  of  foreign  birth  shall,  on  account  of  alien- 
age, be  exempted  from  enrollment  or  draft  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  or  the  act  to  which  it  is  an  amendment,  who  has  at  any  time 
assumed  the  rights  of  a  citizen  by  voting  at  any  election  held  under 
authority  of  the  laws  of  any  State  or  Territory,  or  of  the  United  States, 
or  who  has  held  any  office  under  such  laws,  or  any  of  them;  but  the 
fact  that  any  such  person  of  foreign  birth  has  voted  or  held,  or  shall 
vote  or  hold  office  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  taken  as  conclusive  evidence 
that  he  is  not  entitled  to  exemption  from  military  service  on  account 
of  alienage. 

Sec.  19.  That  all  claims  to  exemption  shall  be  verified  by  the  oath 
or  affirmation  of  the  party  claiming  exemption  to  the  truth  of  the  facts 
stated,  unless  it  shall  satisfactorily  appear  to  the  board  of  enrollment 
that  such  party  is,  for  some  good  and  sufficient  reason,  unable  to  make 
such  oath  or  affirmation;  and  the  testimony  of  any  other  party  filed 
in  support  of  a  claim  to  exemption  shall  also  be  made  upon  oath  or 
affirmation. 

Sec.  20.  That  if  any  person  drafted  and  liable  to  render  military 
service  shall  procure  a  decision  of  the  board  of  enrollment  in  his  favor 
upon  a  claim  to  exemption  by  any  fraud  or  false  representation  practised 
by  himself  or  by  his  procurement,  such  decision  or  exemption  shall  be 
of  no  effect,  and  the  person  exempted,  or  in  whose  favor  the  decision 
may  be  made,  shall  be  deemed  a  deserter,  and  may  be  arrested,  tried  by 
court-martial,  and  punished  as  such,  and  shall  be  held  to' service  for 
the  full  term  for  wnich  he  was  drafted,  reckoning  from  the  time  of  his 
arrest:  Provided,  That  the  Secretary  of  War  may  order  the  discharge 
of  all  persons  in  the  military  service  who  are  under  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  at  the  time  of  the  application  for  their  discharge  when  it  shall 
appearupon  due  proof  that  such  persons  are  in  the  service  without  the 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  675 

consent,  either  express  or  implied,  of  their  parents  or  guardians:  And 
provided  further,  That  such  persons,  their  parents  or  guardians,  shall 
first  repay  to  the  Government  and  to  the  State  and  local  authorities  all 
bounties  and  advance  pay  which  may  have  been  paid  to  them, anything 
in  the  act  to  which  this  is  an  amendment  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing. 

Sec.  21.  That  any  person  who  shall  procure,  or  attempt  to  procure, 
a  false  report  from  the  surgeon  of  the  board  of  enrollment  concerning 
the  physical  condition  of  any  drafted  person,  or  a  decision  in  favor  of 
such  person  by  the  board  of  enrollment  upon  a  claim  to  exemption, 
knowing  the  same  to  be  false,  shall,  upon  conviction  in  any  district  or 
circuit  court  of  the  United  States,  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for 
the  period  for  which  the  party  was  drafted. 

Sec.  22.  That  the  fees  of  agents  and  attorneys  for  making  out  and 
causing  to  be  executed  any  papers  in  support  of  a  claim  for  exemption 
from  draft,  or  for  any  services  that  may  be  rendered  to  the  claimant, 
shall  not,  in  any  case,  exceed  five  dollars;  and  physicians  or  surgeons 
furnishing  certificates  of  disability  to  any  claimant  for  exemption  from 
draft  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  fees  or  compensation  therefor.  And 
any  agent  or  attorney  who  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  demand  or 
receive  any  greater  compensation  for  his  services  under  this  act,  and 
any  physician  or  surgeon  who  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  demand  or 
receive  any  compensation  for  furnishing  said  certificates  of  disability, 
and  any  officer,  clerk,  or  deputy  connected  with  the  board  of  enroll- 
ment who  shall  receive  compensation  from  any  drafted  man  for  any 
services,  or  obtaining  the  performance  of  such  service  required  from  any 
member  of  said  board  by  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall,  for  every 
such  offense,  be  fined  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  to  be  recov- 
ered upon  information  or  indictment  before  any  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction,  one-half  for  the  use  of  any  informer,  who  may  prosecute 
for  the  same  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  and  the  other  half  for  the 
use  of  the  United  States;  and  shall  also  be  subject  to  imprisonment 
for  a  term  not  exceeding  one  year,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  23.  That  no  member  of  the  board  of  enrollment,  and  no  sur- 
geon detailed  or  employed  to  assist  the  board  of  enrollment,  and  no 
clerk,  assistant,  or  emplo}^ee  of  any  provost-marshal  or  board  of 
enrollment,  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  be  engaged  in  procuring,  or 
attempting  to  procure,  substitutes  for  persons  drafted,  or  liable  to  be 
drafted,  into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States.  And  if  any 
member  of  a  board  of  enrollment,  or  any  such  surgeon,  clerk,  assist- 
ant, or  employee,  shall  procure,  or  attempt  to  procure,  a  substitute 
for  any  person  drafted,  or  liable  to  be  drafted,  as  aforesaid,  he  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction,  be 
punished  by  imprisonment  not  less  than  thirty  days  nor  more  than  six 
months,  and  pay  a  fine  not  less  than  one  hundred  nor  more  than  one 
thousand  dollars,  by  any  court  competent  to  try  the  offense. 

Sec.  21.  That  all  able-bodied  male  colored  persons  between  the  ages 
of  twenty  and  forty-five  years,  resident  in  the  United  States,  shall  be 
enrolled  according  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  of  the  act  to 
which  this  is  an  amendment,  and  form  part  of  the  national  forces;  and 
\\  hen  a  slave  of  a  loyal  master  shall  bo  drafted  and  mustered  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States  his  master  shall  have  a  certificate  thereof; 
and  thereupon  such  slave  shall  be  free,  and  the  bounty  of  one  hun- 


676       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

dred  dollars  now  payable  by  law  for  each  drafted  man  shall  be  paid 
to  the  person  to  whom  such  drafted  person  was  owing  service  or  labor 
at  the  time  of  his  muster  into  the  service  of  the  United  States.  The 
Secretary  of  War  shall  appoint  a  commission  in  each  of  the  slave  States 
represented  in  Congress,  charged  to  award  to  each  loyal  person  to 
whom  a  colored  volunteer  may  owe  service  a  just  compensation,  not 
exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  for  each  such  colored  volunteer,  paya- 
ble out  of  the  fund  derived  from  commutations;  and  every  such  colored 
volunteer  on  being  mustered  into  the  service  shall  be  free.  And  in  all 
cases  where  men  of  color  have  been  heretofore  enlisted,  or  have  vol- 
unteered in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  all  the  provisions 
of  this  act,  so  far  as  the  payment  of  bounty  and  compensation  are  pro- 
vided, shall  be  equally  applicable  as  to  those  who  may  be  hereafter  re- 
cruited. But  men  of  color,  drafted  or  enlisted,  or  who  may  volunteer 
into  the  military  service,  while  they  shall  be  credited  on  the  quotas  of 
the  several  States  or  subdivisions  of  States  wherein  they  are  respect- 
ively drafted,  enlisted,  or  shall  volunteer,  shall  not  be  assigned  as  State 
troops,  but  shall  be  mustered  into  regiments  or  companies  as  United 
States  colored  troops. 

Sec.  25.  That  the  fifteenth  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  amend- 
atory be  so  amended  that  it  will  read  as  follows:  That  any  surgeon 
charged  with  the  duty  of  such  inspection  who  shall  receive  from  any 
person  whomsoever  any  money  or  other  valuable  thing,  or  agree, 
directly  or  indirectly,  to  receive  the  same  to  his  own  or  another's  use, 
for  making  an  imperfect  inspection  or  a  false  or  incorrect  report,  or 
who  shall  wilfully  neglect  to  make  a  faithful  inspection  and  true  report, 
and  each  member  of  the  board  of  enrollment  who  shall  wilfully  agree 
to  the  discharge  from  service  of  any  drafted  person  who  is  not  legally 
and  properly  entitled  to  such  discharge,  shall  be  tried  by  a  court- 
martial,  and,  on  conviction  thereof,  be  .punished  b}^  a  fine  not  less  than 
three  hundred  dollars  and  not  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  shall  be 
imprisoned  at  the  discretion  of  the  court,  and  be  cashiered  and  dis- 
missed the  service. 

Sec.  26.  That  the  words  "precinct"  and  "election  district,"  as  used 
in  this  act,  shall  not  be  construed  to  require  any  subdivision  for  pur- 
poses of  enrollment  and  draft  less  than  the  wards  into  which  any  city 
or  village  may  be  divided,  or  than  the  towns  or  townships  into  which 
any  county  may  be  divided. 

Sec.  27.  That  so  much  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  for  enrolling  and 
calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty -three,  as  may  be  inconsistent 
with  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  hereby  repealed. 

Resolution  of  February  %  186 %  (13  Stats.,  lf.02). 

A  RESOLUTION  relative  to  the  transfer  of  persons  in  the  military  service  to  the 

naval  service.1 

First.  That  the  provost-marshal-general  be,  and  is  hereby,  directed 
to  enlist  such  persons  as  may  desire  to  enter  into  the  naval  service  of 
the  United  States,  under  such  directions  as  may  be  given  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  which  enlistments  shall 
be  credited  to  the  appropriate  district:  Provided,  nevertheless,  Thatinas- 

i  Repealed  by  Act  of  June  3,  1864  (13-119) . 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  677 

much  as  persons  enlisted  in  the  naval  service  receive  prize  money,  per- 
sons so  enlisting  shall  not  be  entitled  to  receive  any  bounty  upon  their 
enlistment.  Second.  That  the  President  of  the  United  States  may, 
whenever  in  his  judgment  the  public  service  requires,  authorize  and 
direct  the  transfer  of  persons  who  have  been  employed  in  sea  service, 
and  are  now  enlisted  in  regiments  for  land  service,  from  such  regiments 
to  the  naval  service,  upon  such  terms  and  according  to  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  he  may  prescribe:  Provided,  nevertheless,  That  the 
number  of  transfers  from  any  company  or  regiment  shall  not  be  so 
great  as  to  reduce  such  company  or  regiment  below  the  minimum 
strength  required  b}r  the  regulations  of  the  military  service:  And  pro- 
vided further,  That  such  sum  as  may  have  been  paid  to  persons  so 
transferred,  as  bounty  for  entering  into  the  military  service,  shall  be 
transferred  from  the  recruiting  fund  of  the  naval  service  to  the  credit 
of  the  proper  appropriation  for  the  land  service. 


Act  of  April  21,  1864  {13  Stats.,  54). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces  so  as  to 
increase  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  the  provost-marshal-general. 

That  the  rank,  pay,  and  emoluments  of  the  provost-marshal-general, 
authorized  b}r  section  five  of  said  act,  shall  be  those  of  a  brigadier- 
general. 


Act  of  July  4,  1864  {13  Stats.,.  379). 

AN  ACT  further  to  regulate  and  provide  for  the  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national 
forces,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  2.  That  in  case  the  quota,  or  any  part  thereof,  of  any  town, 
township,  ward  of  a  city,  precinct,  or  election  district,  or  of  any  county 
not  so  subdivided,  shall  not  be  filled  within  the  space  of  fifty  days  after 
such  call,  then  the  President  shall  immediately  order  a  draft  for  one 
year  to  fill  such  quota,  or  any  part  thereof  which  may  be  unfilled;  and 
in  case  of  any  such  draft,  no  payment  of  money  shall  be  accepted  or 
received  by  the  Government  as  commutation  to  release  any  enrolled 
or  (I rutted  man  from  personal  obligation  to  perform  military  service. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  executive  of  any  of  the  States 
to  send  recruiting  agents  into  any  of  the  States  declared  to  be  in  rebel- 
lion, except  the  States  of  Arkansas,  Tennessee,  and  Louisiana,  to  recruit 
volunteers  under  any  call  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  who  shall  be 
credited  to  the  State,  and  to  the  respective  subdivisions  thereof,  which 
may  procure  the  enlistment. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  6.  That  section  three  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  amend  an 
act  entitled  an  act  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and 
for  other  purposes,"  approved  February  twenty-four,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four,  be,  and  the  same  18  hereby,  amended,  so  as  to 
authorize  and  direct  district  provost  marshals,  under  the  direction  of 
the  provost-marshal-general,  to  make  a  draft  for  one  hundred  per 


678      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOEY  OP  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

centum  in  addition  to  the  number  required  to  fill  the  quota  of  any 
district  as  provided  by  said  section. 

Sec.  7.  That  instead  of  traveling  pay,  all  drafted  persons  reporting 
at  the  place  of  rendezvous  shall  be  allowed  transportation  from  their 
places  of  residence;  and  persons  discharged  at  the  place  of  rendezvous 
shall  be  allowed  transportation  to  their  places  of  residence. 

Sec.  8.  That  all  persons  in  the  naval  service  of  the  United  States, 
who  have  entered  said  service  during  the  present  rebellion,  who  have 
not  been  credited  to  the  quota  of  any  town,  district,  ward,  or  State, 
by  reason  of  their  being  in  said  service  and  not  enrolled  prior  to 
February  twenty-fourth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  shall  be 
enrolled  and  credited  to  the  quotas  of  the  town,  ward,  district,  or 
State,  in  which  they  respectively  reside,  upon  satisfactory  proof  of 
their  residence  made  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

.  Sec.  9.  That  if  any  person  duly  drafted  shall  be  absent  from  home 
in  prosecution  of  his  usual  business,  the  provost  marshal  of  the  dis- 
trict shall  cause  him  to  be  duly  notified  as  soon  as  may  be,  and  he 
shall  not  be  deemed  a  deserter,  nor  liable  as  such,  until  notice  has  been 
given  to  him,  and  reasonable  time  allowed  for  him  to  return  and  report 
to  the  provost  marshal  of  his  district;  but  such  absence  shall  not  other- 
wise affect  his  liability  under  this  act. 

Sec.  10.  That  nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to 
alter  or  in  any  way  affect  the  provisions  of  the  seventeenth  section  of 
an  act  approved  February  twenty-fourth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
four,  entitled  "An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  an  act  for  enrolling 
and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three. 

Sec.  11.  That  nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  alter 
or  change  the  provisions  of  existing  laws  relative  to  permitting  persons 
liable  to  military  service  to  furnish  substitutes. 

Act  of  March  3,  1865  {13  Stats.,  4#7). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  several  acts  heretofore  passed  to  provide  for  the  enrolling 
and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  13.  That  where  any  revised  enrollment  in  any  Congressional 
or  draft  district  has  been  obtained  or  made  prior  to  any  actual  drawing 
of  names  from  the  enrollment  lists,  the  quota  of  such'  district  may  be 
adjusted  and  apportioned  to  such  revised  enrollment,  instead  of  being 
applied  to  or  based  upon  the  enrollment  as  it  may  have  stood  before 
the  revision. 

Sec.  14.  That  hereafter  all  persons  mustered  into  the  military  or 
naval  service,  whether  as  volunteers,  substitutes,  representatives,  or 
otherwise,  shall  be  credited  to  the  State  and  to  the  ward,  township, 

Erecinct,  or  other  enrollment  subdistrict  where  such  persons  belong 
y  actual  residence  (if  such  persons  have  an  actual  residence  within 
the  United  States),  and  where  such  persons  were  or  shall  be  enrolled 
(if  liable  to  enrollment);  and  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  pro- 
vost-marshal-general to  make  such  rules  and  give  such  instructions 
to  the  several  provost  marshals,  boards  of  enrollment,  and  mustering 
officers  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the  faithful  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section,  to  the  end  that  fair  and  just  credit  shall  be  given 


provost-marshal-general's  bureau.  679 

to  every  section  of  the  country:  Provided,  That  in  any  call  for  troops 
hereafter,  no  county,  town,  township,  ward,  precinct,  or  election  dis- 
trict shall  have  credit  except  for  men  actually  furnished  on  said  call 
or  the  preceding  call  by  said  county,  town,  township,  ward,  precinct, 
or  election  district,  and  mustered  into  the  military  or  naval  service  on 
the  quota  thereof. 

Sec.  15.  That  in  computing  quotas  hereafter,  credit  shall  be  given 
to  the  several  States,  districts,  and  subdistricts  for  all  men  furnished 
from  them,  respectively,  and  not  heretofore  credited,  during  the  pres- 
ent rebellion,  for  any  period  of  service  of  not  less  than  three  months, 
calculating  the  number  of  days  for  which  such  service  was  furnished, 
and  reducing  the  same  to  years:  Provided,  That  such  credits  shall  not 
be  applied  to  the  call  for  additional  troops  made  by  the  President  on 
the  twenty -first  day  of  December,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four. 

Sec.  16.  That  persons  who  have  been,  or  may  hereafter  be,  drafted, 
under  the  provisions  of  the  several  acts  to  whicn  this  is  an  amendment, 
for  the  term  of  one  year,  and  who  have  actually  furnished,  or  may 
actually  furnish,  acceptable  substitutes  (not  liable  to  draft)  for  the 
term  of  three  years,  shall  be  exempt  from  military  duty  during  the 
time  for  which  such  substitutes  shall  not  be  liable  to  draft,  not  exceed- 
ing the  time  for  which  such  substitutes  shall  have  been  mustered  into 
the  service,  anything  in  the  act  of  February  twenty-fourth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-four,  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  19.  That  in  every  case  where  a  substitute  is  furnished  to  take 
the  place  of  an  enrolled  or  drafted  man,  and  it  is  shown  by  evidence 
that  shall  be  satisfactory  to  the  Secretary  of  War  that  such  substitute 
was,  at  the  time  of  his  enlistment,  known  by  the  party  furnishing  him 
to  be  non  compos  mentis,  or  in  a  condition  of  intoxication,  or  under 
conviction  or  indictment  for  any  offense  of  the  grade  of  felony  at  the 
common  law,  or  to  have  been  guilty  of  a  previous  act  of  desertion 
unsatisfied  by  pardon  or  punishment,  or,  by  reason  of  any  existing 
infirmity  or  ailment,  physically  incapable  of  performing  the  ordinary 
duties  of  a  soldier  in  actual  service  in  the  ranks,  or  minor  between  the 
ages  of  sixteen  and  eighteen  years,  without  the  consent  of  his  parent 
or  guardian,  or  a  minor  under  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Provost-Marshal-General,  on  advice  of  the  fact,  to  report 
the  same  to  the  provost-marshal  of  the  proper  district;  and  if  such  per- 
son so  enlisted  and  incapable  shall  have  been,  since  the  passage  of  this 
act,  mustered  into  the  service  as  a  substitute  for  a  person  liable  to 
draft  and  not  actually  drafted,  the  name  of  the  person  so  liable  who 
furnished  such  substitute  shall  be  again  placed  on  the  list,  and  he  shall 
l>o  subject  to  draft  thereafter  as  though  no  such  substitute  had  been 
furnished  by  him;  and  if  such  substitute  so  enlisted  and  incapable  as 
aforesaid  shall  have  been,  since  the  passage  of  this  act,  mustered  into 
the  service  as  a  substitute  for  a  person  actually  drafted,  then  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  Provost-Marshal-General  to  direct  the  provost- 
marshal  of  the  dist rid  immediately  to  notify  the  person  who  furnished 
such  substitute  that  he  is  held  to  service  in  the  place  of  such  substitute, 
and  he  shall  stand  in  the  saire  relation  and  be  subject  to  the  same  lia- 
bility as  before  the  furnishing  of  such  substitute. 

Sec.  20.  That  in  case  any  substitute  shall  desert  from  the  army,  and 
it  shall  appear  by  evidence  satisfactory  to  the  Secretary  of  War  that 
the  party  furnishing  such  substitute  shall  have,  in  any  way,  directly 


680      LEGISLATIVE  HISTOKY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

or  indirectly,  aided  or  abetted  such  desertion,  or  to  have  been  privy 
to  any  intention  on  the  part  of  such  substitute  to  desert,  then  such 
person  shall  be  immediately  placed  in  the  army,  and  shall  serve  for  the 
period  for  which  he  was"  liable  to  draft,  such  service  to  commence  at 
the  date  of  the  desertion  of  the  substitute. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  [22.]  That  the  third  section  of  the  act  entitled  "  An  act  [further] 
to  regulate  and  provide  for  the  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national 
forces,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  fourth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed. 

Sec.  [23.]  That  any  person  or  persons  enrolled  in  any  subdistrict 
may,  after  notice  of  a  draft,  and  before  the  same  shall  have  taken  place, 
cause  to  be  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  such  number 
of  recruits,  not  subject  to  draft,  as  they  may  deem  expedient,  which 
recruits  shall  stand  to  the  credit  of  the  persons  thus  causing  them  to 
be  mustered  in,  and  shall  be  taken  as  substitutes  for  such  persons,  or 
so  many  of  them  as  may  be  drafted,  to  the  extent  of  the  number  of 
such  recruits,  and  in  the  order  designated  by  the  principals  at  the  time 
such  recruits  are  thus  as  aforesaid  mustered  in. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  [26.]  That  acting  assistant  surgeons,  contract  surgeons,  and 
surgeons  and  commissioners  on  the  enrolling  boards,  while  in  the  mili- 
tary service  of  the  United  States,  shall  hereafter  be  exempt  from  all 
liability  to  be  drafted  under  the  provisions  of  any  act  for  enrolling  and 
calling  out  the  national  forces. 

Sec.  [27.]  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its  passage: 
Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  operate  to  postpone  the 
pending  draft,  or  interfere  with  the  quotas  assigned  therefor, 

Act  of  July  28,  1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  33.  That  the  Provost-Marshal-General's  Office  and  Bureau 
shall  be  continued  only  so  long  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  deem 
necessary,  not  exceeding  thirty  days  after  the  passage  of  this  act. 

*  #  # 

July  28,  1866.—  By  General  Orders,  No.  66,  A.  G.  O.,  August  20,  1866,  this  Bureau 
was  ordered  discontinued  August  28,  the  business  of  the  Bureau  to  be  thereafter  con- 
ducted through  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army. 

Act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stats.,  566). 
AN  ACT  to  revise,  consolidate,  and  amend  the  laws  relating  to  pensions. 

That  if     .     .     .     any  provost-marshal,  deputy  provost-marshal,  or 

enrolling  officer,  disabled  by  reason  of  any  wound  or  injury  received 

in  the  discharge  of  his  duty  to  procure  a  subsistence  by  manual  labor, 

has  been     ...     or  shall  hereafter  be  impaired  by  reason  of  such 

disability,  he  shall,  upon  making  due  proof  of  the  fact,     ...     be 

placed  upon  the  list  of  invalid  pensioners  of  the  United  States1     .     .     . 
*  *  * 

1  This  provision  is  embodied  in  section  4693  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 


ajddeist:d.a. 

Provisions  selected  while  this  work  was  going  through  the  press,  but  too 
late  for  insertion  in  their  appropriate  places. 


GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

STATUTES   AT   LARGE. 

Act  of  March  16,  1802  (2  Stats.,  132). 

AN  ACT  fixing  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States. 
*  *  * 

Sec.  5.  That  the  commissioned  officers  aforesaid  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive,  for  their  daily  subsistence,  the  following  number  of  rations 
of  provisions:  a  colonel,  six  rations;  a  lieutenant-colonel,  five  rations; 
a  major,  four  rations;  a  captain,  three  rations;  a  lieutenant,  two 
rations;  ...  or  money  in  lieu  thereof  at  the  option  of  the  said 
officers  ...  at  the  posts  respectively  where  the  rations  shall 
become  due;     .     .     . 


Act  of  July  6,  1812  (2  Stats.,  784). 

AN  ACT  making  further  provision  for  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other 

purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  4.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  confer  brevet 
rank  on  such  officers  of  the  Army  as  shall  distinguish  themselves  by 
gallant  actions  or  meritorious  conduct,  or  who  shall  have  served  ten 
years  in  any  one  grade.     .     .     . 

*  *  * 

March  3,  1845  {5-732). — Franking  privilege  abolished;  accounts  for  official  postage 
to  be  paid  from  contingent  fund  of  the  bureau  to  which  the  officer  belongs.  By 
Joint  Resolution  No.  13,  of  same  date  (5-800),  this  act  was  declared  to  take  effect 
July  1,  1845,  and  not  sooner. 

Act  of  March  3,  1863  (12  Stats.,  731). 

AN  ACT  for  enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  31.  That  any  officer  absent  from  duty  with  leave,  except  for 
sickness  or  wounds,  shall,  during  his  absence,  receive  half  of  the  pay 
and  allowances  prescribed  by  law,  and  no  more.     .     .     . 

681 


682       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 
Act  of  June  20, 186 '4  (13  Stats.,  1U). 

AN  ACT  to  increase  the  pay  of  soldiers  in  the  United  States  Army,  and  for  other 

purposes. 


Sec.  11.  That  the  thirty-first  section  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for 
enrolling  and  calling  out  the  national  forces,  and  for  other  purposes," 
approved  March  third,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-three,  be, 
and  the  same  is  hereby,  so  amended  as  that  an  officer  may  have,  .  .  . 
leave  of  absence  for  other  cause  than  sickness  or  wounds  without  deduc- 
tion from  his  pay  or  allowances:  Provided,  That  the  aggregate  of  such 
absence  shall  not  exceed  thirty  days  in  any  one  year. 


Act  of  July  28, 1866  (U  Stats.,  332). 
AN  ACT  to  increase  and  fix  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the  United  States. 


Sec.  31.  That  all  officers  who  have  served  during  the  rebellion  as 
volunteers  in  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  and  who  have  been  or 
may  hereafter  be  honorably  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service, 
shall  be  entitled  to  bear  the  official  title,  and  upon  occasions  of  cere- 
mony to  wear  the  uniform  of  the  highest  grade  they  have  held  by  brevet 
or  other  commissions  in  the  volunteer  service.  In  case  of  officers  of 
the  Regular  Army  the  volunteer  rank  shall  be  entered  upon  the  official 
army  register:  Pro'oided,  That  these  privileges  shall  not  entitle  any 
officer  to  command,  pay,  or  emoluments. 


March  2,  1867  (U-434)—The  act  of  June  20,  1864  (13-144),  increasing  the  pay  of 
enlisted  men,  not  to  be  construed  as  to  increase  the  emoluments  of  the  commissioned 
officers  at  the  date  of  its  passage.  The  first  section  of  the  act  of  March  3, 1865  ( 13-487 ) , 
relative  to  officers'  servants,  not  intended  to  be  retrospective  or  retroactive  in  its 
operation. 

Act  of  July  11,  1868  (IS  Stats.,  85.) 

AN  ACT  prescribing  an  oath  of  office  to  be  taken  by  persons  from  whom  legal  disa- 
bilities shall  have  been  removed. 

That  whenever  any  person  who  has  participated  in  the  late  rebellion 
.  .  .  has  been  or  shall  be  .  .  .  appointed  to  any  office  or  place 
of  trust  in  or  under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  he  shall, 
before  entering  upon  the  duties  thereof,  instead  of  the  oath  prescribed 
by  the  act  of  July  two,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  take  and  sub- 
scribe the  following  oath  or  affirmation: 

I,  A  B,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  and  defend 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  foreign  and 
domestic;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same;  that 
I  take  this  obligation  freely,  without  any  mental  reservation  or  pur- 
pose of  evasion;  and  that  I  will  well  and  faithfully  discharge  the  duties 
of  the  office  on  which  1  am  about  to  enter.     So  help  me  God. 


ADDENDA.  683 

Act  of  May  8,  181 %  (18  Stats.,  43). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  the  thirty-first  section  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  enrolling 
and  calling  out  the  national  militia,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March 
third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three. 

That  all  officers  on  duty  at  any  point  west  of  a  line  drawn  north  and 
south  through  Omaha  city,  and  north  of  a  line  drawn  east  and  west 
upon  the  southern  boundary  of  Arizona,  shall  be  allowed  sixty  days' 
leave  of  absence  without  deduction  of  pay  or  allowances:  Provided, 
That  the  same  is  taken  but  once  in  two  years:  And  provided  further, 
That  the  leave  of  absence  may  be  extended  to  three  months,  if  taken 
once  only  in  three  years;  or  four  months  if  taken  once  only  in  four 
years. 

Act  of  July  29,  1876  (19  Stats.,  102). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  an  act  approved  May  eight,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four, 
in  regard  to  leave  of  absence  of  Army  officers. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  an  act  approved  May 
eight,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-four,  in  regard  tc  leave  of  absence 
of  Army  officers,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  so  amended  that  all  officers 
on  duty  shall  be  allowed,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
sixty  days'  leave  of  absence  without  deduction  of  pay  or  allowance: 
Provided,  That  the  same  be  taken  once  in  two  years:  And  provided 
further,  That  the  leave  of  absence  may  be  extended  to  three  months, 
if  taken  once  only  in  three  years,  or  four  months  if  taken  once  only  in 
four  years. 

This  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its  passage. 

REVISED  STATUTES,  2D  EDITION,  1878. 


Sec.  1205.  Line  officers  may  be  transferred  to  the  staff  without  prejudice  to  their 
rank  or  promotion  in  the  line;  when  they  become  entitled  to  a  regimental  grade 
equal  to  that  they  hold  in  the  staff,  they  must  vacate  either  commission. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1209.  The  President  may  confer  brevet  commissions  for  distinguished  conduct 
and  public  service  in  presence  of  the  enemy. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1218.  No  person  who  has  served  in  any  capacity  in  the  military, 
naval,  or  civil  service  of  the  so-called  Confederate  States,  or  of  either 
of  the  States  in  insurrection  during  the  late  rebellion,  shall  be  appointed 
to  any  position  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

*  •  • 

Sec.  1226.  All  officers  who  have  served  during  the  rebellion  as  vol- 
unteers in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  and  nave  been  honorably 
mustered  out  of  the  volunteer  service,  shall  be  entitled  to  bear  the 
official  title,  and  upon  occasions  of  ceremony  to  wear  the  uniform  of 
the  highest  grade  they  have  held,  b}r  brevet  or  other  commissions,  in 
the  volunteer  service.  The  highest  volunteer  rank  which  has  been 
held  by  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  shall  be  entered,  with  their  names 
respectively,  upon  the  Army  Register.     .     .     . 


684       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

Sec.  1756.  Every  person  .  .  .  appointed  to  any  office  of  honor 
or  profit  ...  in  the  .  .  .  military  .  .  .  service  .  .  . 
shall,  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  such  office,  and  before  being 
entitled  to  any  part  of  the  salary  or  other  emoluments  thereof,  take 
and  subscribe  the  following  oath:  "I,  A  B,  do  solemnly  swear  (or 
affirm)  that  I  have  never  voluntarily  borne  arms  against  the  United 
States  since  I  have  been  a  citizen  thereof;  that  I  have  voluntarily 
given  no  aid,  countenance,  counsel,  or  encouragement  to  persons 
engaged  in  armed  hostility  thereto;  that  I  have  neither  sought,  nor 
accepted,  nor  attempted  to  exercise  the  functions  of  any  office  what- 
ever, under  any  authority  or  pretended  authorit}-,  in  hostility  to  the 
United  States;  that  I  have  not  yielded  a  voluntary  support  to  any  pre- 
tended government,  authority,  power,  or  constitution  within  the  United 
States  hostile  or  inimical  thereto,  and  I  further  swear  (or  affirm)  that, 
to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  ability,  I  will  support  and  defend  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  foreign  and 
domestic;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the  same;  that 
I  take  this  obligation  freely,  without  any  mental  reservation  or  pur- 
pose of  evasion,  and  that  1  will  well  and  faithfully  discharge  the  duties 
of  the  office  on  which  I  am  about  to  enter,  so  help  me  God." 

Sec.  1757.  Whenever  any  person  who  ...  is  not  able,  on 
account  of  his  participation  in  the  late  rebellion,  to  take  the  oath  pre- 
scribed in  the  preceding  section,  he  shall,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office,  take  and  subscribe  in  lieu  of  that  oath  the  following 
oath:  "I,  A  B,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  and 
defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  for- 
eign and  domestic;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  to  the 
same;  that  I  take  this  obligation  freely,  without  any  mental  reservation 
or  purpose  of  evasion;  and  that  I  will  well  and  faithfully  discharge  the 
duties  of  the  office  on  which  I  am  about  to  enter,  so  help  me  God." 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1860. 

*  *  • 

Fourth.  No  person  belonging  to  the  Arnry  .  .  .  shall  be  elected 
to  or  hold  any  civil  office  or  appointment  in  any  Territonr. 

*  »  • 

Sec.  3683.  No  part  of  the  contingent  fund  appropriated  to  any  bureau  to  be 
applied  to  the  purchase  of  any  articles  except  such  as  the  head  of  the  Department 
shall,  in  writing,  direct  to  be  procured. 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Act  of  June  23,  1879  (21  StaU.,  30). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  Provided,  That  no  allowance  shall  be  made  for  claims  for 
quarters  for  servants  heretofore  or  hereafter;  and  that  the  rate  of 
commutation  shall  hereafter  be  twelve  dollars  per  room  per  month 
for  officers'  quarters,  in  lieu  of  ten  dollars,  as  now  provided  by  law. 

•  «  * 

.     .     .     Provided,  That  to  the  cost  of  all  stores  and  other  articles 
sold  to  officers  and  men,  except  tobacco,  as  provided  for  in  section  one 


ADDENDA.  685 

thousand  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  ten  per 
centum  shall  be  added  to  cover  wastage,  transportation,  and  other 

incidental  charges. 

*  *  * 

Act  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  456). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-four,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  From  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  mileage  to  offi- 
cers of  the  Army  shall  be  computed  over  the  shortest  usually  traveled 
routes  between  the  points  named  in  the  order,  and  the  necessity  for 
such  travel  in  the  military  service  shall  be  certified  to  by  the  officer 
issuing  the  order,  and  stated  in  said  order. 

•;:-  *  * 

Art  of  March  3,  1883  (22  Stats.,  567). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  section  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty  of  the  Revised  Statutes  so  as 
not  to  exclude  retired  Army  officers  from  holding  civil  office  in  the  Territories. 

That  the  fourth  clause  of  section  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty  of  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby, 
amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Fourth.  No  person  belonging  to  the  Army  .  .  .  shall  be 
elected  to  or  hold  any  civil  office  or  appointment  in  any  Territory, 
except  officers  of  the  Army  on  the  retired  list." 

Act  of  If  ay  13,  188 If.  (23  Stats.,  21). 

AN  ACT  amending  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  in  respect  of  official 
oaths,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  section  twelve  hundred  and  eighteen  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby,  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  1218.  No  person  who  held  a  commission  in  the  Army  or  Navy 
of  the  United  States  at  the  beginning  of  the  late  rebellion,  and  after- 
wards served  in  any  capacity  in  the  militaiy,  naval,  or  civil  service  of 
the  so-called  Confederate  States,  or  of  either  of  the  States  in  insurrec- 
tion during  the  late  rebellion,  shall  be  appointed  to  any  position  in  the 
Army     ...     of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  That  section  seventeen  hundred  and  fifty -six  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed;  and  hereafter  the  oath 
to  be  taken  by  any  person  .  .  .  appointed  to  any  office  of  honor 
or  profit  ...  in  the  .  .  .  military  .  .  .  service,  except 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  as  prescribed  in  section 
seventeen  hundred  and  fifty-seven  of  the  Revised  Statutes.     . 

*  *  *  . 

Act  of  February  4,  1897  (29  Stats.,  bit). 

AN  ACT  to  authorize  officen  who  served  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion  In  the 

Regular  Army  to  l>ear  the  title;  and,  <>n  occasions  of  ceremony,  wear  the  uniform 
of  their  highest  rank. 

That  all  officers  wlio  have  served  during  the  rebellion  as  officers  of 
the  Regular  Army  of  the  United  Stairs,  and  have  been  honorably  dis- 
charged or  resigned  from  the  service,  shall  be  entitled  to  bear  the  offi- 
cial title  and,  upon  occasions  of  ceremony,  to  wear  the  uniform  of  the 


\ 


686       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U     S.   ARMY. 

highest  grade  they  have  held,  by  brevet  or  other  commission,  as  is  now 
authorized  for  officers  of  volunteers  by  section  twelve  hundred  and 
twenty-six,  Revised  Statutes. 

The  text  on  page  45  of  the  History  of  the  General  Staff,  under  the  title 

Act  of  May  28,  1898  {30  Stats.,  1,21), 

is  that  of  (he 

Act  of  June  29,  1898  {30  Stats.,  525). 

AN  ACT  to  amend  section  ten  of  an  act  approved  April  twenty-second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-eight,  entitled  "'An  act  to  provide  for  temporarily  increasing 
the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other 
purposes." 

The  first  section  oftlie  act  of  May  28,  is  as  follows: 

That  section  ten  of  an  act  of  Congress,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  temporarily  increasing  the  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States  in  time  of  war,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  April 
twenty-second,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  be,  and  the  same 
is  hereby,  amended  by  adding  at  the  end  thereof  the  following,  to  wit: 
And  provided,  That  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  shall  be  eligible  for 
such  staff  appointments,  and  shall  not  be  held  to  vacate  their  offices  in 
the  Regular  Army  by  accepting  the  same,  but  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  only  the  pay  and  allowances  of  their  staff  rank:     .     .     . 


THE  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

June  2,  1862  (12-411). — Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts, 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc. ,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

March  2,  1867  (14-571). — Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
Government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

REVISED  STATUTES,   2D  EDITION,    1878. 

•X*  -X*  ■X 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  articles  of  military  supplies  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage  to  be  charged 
against  the  officer  responsible,  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage  was 
not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3480.  Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the  United  States 
which  accrued  or  existed  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons;  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3747.  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts, 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits  of  returns 
etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

*  *  * 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

May  25,  1900  (31 ). — Authorizes  replacement  of  quartermaster  supplies  which 

the  volunteers  from  a  State  or  Territory  carried  into  the  service  of  the  United  States 
Army  during  the  recent  war  with  Spain,  and  which  have  been  retained  by  the 
United  States. 


ADDENDA.  687 

THE  SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

September  27,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  the  expense  of  kettles,  canteens,  and  spoons,  supplied  to  the  soldiers 
be  charged  to  the  continent. 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

May  18,  1826  (4-173).— In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or 
of  damage  to  such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage 
to  be  charged  against  the  responsible  officer,  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency 
or  damage  was  not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

June  2,  1862  {12-411).— Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to 
make  contracts  with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts 
affidavits  of  returns,  etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments. 

March  3,  1865  (13-495).—  Commissaries  may  sell  rations  on  credit  to  officers  in  the 
held,  reporting  monthly  to  the  Paymaster-General  the  amounts  due  for  such  pur- 

March  2,  1867  (14-571).— Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the 
Government  which  accrued  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  peiions-  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  'debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

REVISED  STATUTES,  2D  EDITION,  1878. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1145.  Commissaries  may  sell  rations  on  credit  to  officers  in  the  field  report- 
ing monthly  to  the  Paymaster-General  the  amounts  due  for  such  purchases  ' 

*  *  * 

Sec-.  1277.  One  ration  in  kind  or  by  commutation  allowed  to  hospital  matrons  and 
female  nurses. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  1304.  In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or  of  damage  to 
such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  that  of  the  damage  to  be  charged 
against  the  officer  responsible,  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or  damage  was 
not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part.  -  6 

*  *  * 

Sec.  2110.  Governs  issue  of  rations  to  Indians  who  may  visit  the  military  posts  or 
agencies  of  the  United  States  on  the  frontiers  or  in  their  respective  nations. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3480.  Forbids  payment  of  accounts,  claims,  etc.,  against  the  United  States 
which  accrued  or  existed  prior  to  April  13,  1860,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons-  this 
not  to  apply  to  claims  assigned  to  loyal  creditors  of  such  persons  in  payment  of  debts 
incurred  prior  to  March  1,  1861. 

*  *  * 

Sec.  3747  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  officers  appointed  by  him  to  make  contracts 
with  a  printed  letter  of  instructions  and  blank  forms  of  contracts,  affidavits  of  returns 
etc.,  to  secure  uniformity  in  such  instruments.  ' 

*  *  * 

STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

March  3,1881  (21-435)  -All  the  old  clothing  now  held  for  issue  to  the  National 
Jeer"**  Id'  °Ver  managers  of  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volun- 

April  23,  1901.—    .     .     . 

Executive  Mansion, 
Washington,  March  26,  1901. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  40 'of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
increase  the  efficiency  of  the  permanent  military  establishment  of  the  United 
States,  'approved  February  2,  1901,  which  authorizes  the  President  to  "prescribe 

.<■  kind  and  quantities  of  the  component  articles  of  the  army  ration,  and  to  direct 
1  he  issue  of  substitutive  equivalent  articles  in  place  of  any  such  components  when- 
ever, in  his  opinion,  economy  ami  a  due  regard  to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the 
Imv'Xn^SnecT  following  *  promulgated  for  the  information  and  guid- 

The  kinds  and  quantities  of  articles  composing  the  army  ration  and  the  substi- 


688       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 


tutive  equivalent  articles  which  may  be  issued  in  place  of  such  components  shall  be 
as  follows: 

1.  For  troops  in  garrison  (garrison  ration). 


Standard  articles. 


Substitutive  articles. 


Kinds. 


Quantities. 


Kinds. 


Quantities. 


Meat  components 


Bread  components 


Vegetable  components3 


Dried    (or   evaporated) 
fruit  components.8 

Coffee  and  sugar  com- 
ponents. 

Seasoning  components . . 


Soap  and  candle  com- 
ponents. 


Fresh  beef 

Flour 

Beans  

Potatoes. . . 


20  ounces 

18  ounces 
2f  ounces 


Prunes 


rCoffee,  green  . . 
ISugar 

{Vinegar 
Salt 
Pepper,  black . . 

/Soap 

(Candles9 


If  ounces 

lj|  ounces 
3J  ounces 
Agill.— 
if  ounce. 
5*B  ounce, 
if  ounce. 
&  ounce. 


Fresh  mutton  i 

Bacon 

Canned  meat 3 

Dried  fish 

Pickled  fish 

Canned  fish 

Soft  bread 

Hard  bread4 

Corn  meal 

Pease  

Rice 

Hominy 

Potatoes 

Onions 

Potatoes 

Canned  tomatoes 

Potatoes 

Fresh     vegetables,    not 
canned.6 

Desiccated  vegetables7 

Apples 

Peaches 

Roasted  and  ground 

Tea,  black  or  green 


20  ounces. 
12  ounces. 2 
16  ounces. 
14  ounces. 
18  ounces. 
16  ounces. 
18  ounces. 
16  ounces. 
20  ounces. 
2f  ounces. 
l|  ounces, 
f  ounces. 
12$  ounces. 
3f  ounces. 
12|  ounces. 
3f  ounces. 
11 J  ounces. 
4$  ounces. 

2f  ounces. 
If  ounces, 
if  ounces. 
1^  ounces. 
A  ounce. 


/Vinegar &  gill. 

(Cucumber  pickles A  gill. 


1  When  the  cost  does  not  exceed  that  of  fresh  beef. 

2 In  Alaska  16  ounces  of  bacon,  or,  when  desired,  16  ounces  of  salt  pork  or  22  ounces  salt  beef. 

3  When  impracticable  to  furnish  fresh  meat. 

4To  be  ordered  issued  only  when  impracticable  to  use  flour  or  soft  bread. 

5In  Alaska  the  allowance  of  fresh  vegetables  will  be  24  ounces  instead  of  16  ounces. 

6  When  they  can  be  obtained  in  the  vicinity  or  transported  in  a  wholesome  condition  from  a  distance. 

7  When  impracticable  to  furnish  fresh  vegetables.    In  Alaska  3f  ounces  instead  of  2f  ounces. 
8Thirty  per  cent  of  the  issue  to  be  prunes  when  practicable. 

9When  illumination  is  not  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department.    In  Alaska  &  ounce 
instead  of  j85  ounce. 

2.  For  troops  in  the  field  in  active  campaign  (Held  ration) . 


Standard  articles. 


Kinds. 


Quantities. 


Substitutive  articles. 


Kinds. 


Quantities. 


Meat  components  . 
Bread  components 


Vegetable  components . 


Fruit  component 

Coffee  and  sugar  com- 
ponents. 


Seasoning  components . 

Soap  and  candle  com- 
ponents. 


Fresh  beef1 

{Flour 
Baking  powder4 
(Beans 

[Potatoes7 

Jam 

{Coffee,   roasted 
and  ground. 
Sugar 

{Vinegar 
Salt 
Pepper,  black... 

/Soap 

(Candles 


20  ounces 

18  ounces 

if  ounce. 
2f  ounces 


If  ounces. 
1&  ounces. 

3f  ounces. 

Agi" 

Jf  ounce. 
A  ounce, 
if  ounce. 
A  ounce. 


{Fresh  mutton2 
Canned  meat3 
Bacon  

/Soft  bread 

(Hard  bread 

J  Hops*  

(Dried  or  compressed  yeast6.. 

Rice 

/Potatoes  9" 

(Onions' 

Desiccated  potatoes 

! Desiccated  potatoes 
Desiccated  onions 
Desiccated  potatoes 
Canned  tomatoes 


Tea,  black  or  green. 


/Vinegar 

(Cucumber  pickles. 


20  ounces. 
16  ounces. 
12  ounces. 
18  ounces. 
16  ounces. 
R\,  ounce. 
^  ounce. 
If  ounces. 
12f  ounces. 
3f  ounces. 
2§  ounces, 
iff  ounces. 
Jf  ounce, 
llf  ounces. 
3|  ounces. 

,&  ounce. 


Agi". 
A  g>H- 


123789  When  procurable  locally.  3  When  fresh  meat  can  not  be  procured  locally. 

4  &  «  When  ovens  are  not  available. 


i 


ADDENDA. 


689 


3.  For  troops  when  traveling  otherwise  than  by  marching,  or  when  for  short  period*  they  are 
separated  from  cooking  facilities  (travel  ration). 


standard  articles. 

Substitute  articles. 

J    Quantities 
Kinds.                                 per  100 
rations. 

Kinds. 

Quantities 
per  100 
rations. 

I 
Soft  bread 112J  pounds. 

100  pounds. 

Sugar 15  pounds. 

4-   For  troops  traveling  on  vessels  of  the  United  States  Army  transport  service. 

Food  on  transports  for  troops  traveling  will  be  prepared  from  the  articles  of  sub- 
sistence stores  which  compose  the  ration  for  troops  in  garrison,  varied  by  the  substi- 
tution of  other  articles  of  authorized  subsistence  stores  of  equal  money  value  when 
required.     No  savings  will  be  allowed  to  troops  on  transports. 

5.  For  use  of  troops  on  emergent  occasions  in  active  campaign  (emergency  ration). 

An  emergency  ration,  prepared  under  direction  of  the  War  Department,  will  be 
issued  t<>  troops  on  active  campaign,  but  will  not  be  used  at  any  time  or  place  where 
regular  rations  are  obtainable.  It  will  be  packed  in  a  conveniently  shaped  package, 
ami  will  be  carried  in  the  haversack  or  saddlebags  and  accounted  for  at  inspection, 
etc.,  by  the  soldier. 

6*.  Proportions  of  meat  issues. 

Fresh  meats  will  ordinarily  be  issued  seven  days  in  ten  and  salt  meats  three  days 
in  ten.  If  fish  (dried,  pickled,  or  canned)  is  issued,  it  will  be  in  substitution  of  salt 
meat.  The  proportions  of  the  meat  issues  may  be  varied  at  the  discretion  of  depart- 
ment commanders,  not,  however,  without  due  consideration  being  given  to  the  equita- 
ble rights  of  contractors  engaged  in  furnishing  fresh  meats  to  the  troops  under  their 
commands. 

7.  Substitute  when  the  issue  of  botfi  fresh  meat  and  vegetables  is  impracticable. 

Whenever  the  issue  of  both  the  fresh  meat  and  vegetable  components  is  impracti- 
cable, there  may  be  issued  in  lieu  of  them  canned  fresh-beef -and- vegetable  stew,  at 
the  rate  of  28J  ounces  to  the  ration. 

William  McKinley. 

(General  Orders,  No.  56,  A.  G.  0.) 


THE  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 


March  16,  1802  (2-132). — This  act  allows  one  ration  each  to  such  matrons  and 
nonet  as  may  be  necessarily  employed  in  hospitals. 

.1  /;/■//  24,  1816  (3-297). — Under  this  act  garrison  Burgeons  and  mates  were  to  be 
considered  thereafter  as  post  surgeons. 

May  is,  18/6  (4-173). — In  case  of  deficiency  of  any  article  of  military  supplies  or 
of  damage  to  such  supplies,  the  value  of  the  deficient  articles  or  thai  of  damage  to 
be  charged  against  the  responsible  'officer,  unless  he  can  show  that  the  deficiency  or 
damage  was  not  occasioned  by  any  fault  on  his  part. 

S.  Doc.  229 44 


690       LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY  OF  GENERAL  STAFF  OF  U.   S.   ARMY. 

THE  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

JOURNALS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  (CONTINENTAL)  CONGRESS. 

October  16,  1775. 

Resolved,  That  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  all  persons  who  are  possessed  of 
the  salt  petre  lately  removed  from  Turtle  Bay,  on  the  island  of  New  York,  forth- 
with to  send  the  same  to  the  president  of  the  convention  of  New  York,  to  be  man- 
ufactured into  gunpowder,  for  the  use  of  the  Continental  Army. 

October  17,  1775. 

Ordered,  that  the  President  write  to  the  convention  of  New  York  and  inform  them 
that  it  is  the  desire  of  the  Congress  that  the  sulphur  in  that  city  be  immediately 
removed  to  a  place  of  safety. 

October  25,  1775. 

Information  being  given  to  Congress  that  there  has  been  lately  discovered,  in  the 
colony  of  Virginia,  a  mineral  containing  a  large  quantity  of  saltpetre, 

Ordered,  That  the  delegates  of  Virginia  send  an  express  to  enquire  into  the  truth 
of  the  fact,  and  to  bring  a  sample  of  the  mineral. 

*  *  * 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  provincial  assemblies,  conven- 
tions, or  councils  of  safety,  of  the  United  Colonies,  to  export  to  the  foreign  West 
Indies,  on  account  and  risk  of  their  respective  colonies,  as  much  provisions  or  other 
produce,  except  horned  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and  poultry,  as  they  may  deem  neces- 
sary for  the  importation  of  arms,  ammunition,  sulphur,  and  saltpetre. 

THE  SIGNAL  CORPS. 

Act  of  June  30,  1882  {22  Stats.,  117). 

AN  ACT  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year 

ending    June    thirtieth,    eighteen  hundred    and  eighty-three,   and    for    other 
purposes. 

*  *  * 

.  .  .  Provided,  That  the  allowance  for  commutation  of  quarters 
.  .  .  for  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Signal  Service  serving  in 
the  Arctic  regions,  [shall  be]  the  same  in  amount  as  though  they  were 
serving  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia:     .     .     . 


INDEX. 


A. 

Abandoned  lands,  Pa?e. 

use  of,  for  refugees  and  freedmen 656 

Abert,  John, 

mentioned 484 

Abstracts, 

of  subsistence,  when  to  be  sent 325 

Abuses, 

committee  to  inquire  into,  in  the  Medical  Department 368 

respecting  correction  of,  in  Department  of  Military  Stores 564 

Academy  (see  Military  Academy). 
Accounts, 

manner  of  keeping,  how  regulated 20 

of  subsistence,  by  whom  signed 22, 325 

weekly,  to  be  sent  to  Congress ' 144, 246 

( 4  funds  received  and  expended,  how  made. . .  158, 200, 336, 408, 449,  462, 551, 578 

of  quotas  of  provisions  from  States,  how  settled 166 

respecting,  of  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 175, 188 

of  contractors 191,309 

form  of,  regulated 199, 336 

in  supply  departments  to  be  made  quarterly 200, 336 

of  purchases  and  issues,  how  settled 257 

for  provisions  and  fuel,  how  made 290 

respecting  settlement  of  hospital 377,  379, 391,  396 

of  officers  of  the  Hospital  and  Medical  Departments 394, 397, 408 

yearly,  of  apothecary  to  be  settled  within  six  months 399 

Superintendent-general  of  military  supplies  to  prescribe  form  of 407, 578 

manner  of  keeping  regimental  pavmasters',  regulated  by  the  Secretary  of 

War 455 

Paymaster-General  to  settle  and  adjust  all 456 

(see  Paymasters;  Commissary  of  army  accounts.) 

of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 553, 578 

respecting,  of  prisoners  of  war 643,  644 

for  official  postage 681 

payment  of,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons  forbidden 54, 686, 687 

Aceoi -ferments  (see  Leather;  Deerskins), 

may  be  issued  to  detachments  of  seamen  or  marines 202 

(see  Sappers  and  miners.) 

to  be  stamped  "United  States" 546 

neglect  to  deliver  continental,  punishable 546 

States  to  api>oint  persons  to  manufacture 553, 554 

superintendent  of  military,  appointed 554 

how  obtained ". 568 

returns  of,  to  be  made 569 

Acts  ok  Congrk— . 

provision!  of,  amended 28,  36, 37, 131, 424, 434,  473, 682,  683, 686 

extended 36,72,73,74,203,216,218,219,340,463 

construed 342,413,473,474,504,586,682 

suspended 428 

repealed  in  part 74, 

78,  194,  203,  206,  209,  232,  331,  343,  344,  356, 403,  413,  414,  415, 
466, 473, 502, 507, 511, 512, 519, 575, 583,  588,  689,  590,  696, 625 

repealed 75, 102,  111,  129, 197, 199,  I'D! .  208,  209, 

335, 344,  350,  410, 415, 468, 469, 474, 498,  508,  578,  581 ,  583,  590 

691 


692  INDEX. 

Adams, ,  Page. 

to  superintend  the  hospitals  in  Pennsylvania  and  Jersey 381 

Adams,  John, 

member  of  committee 87,  239, 364, 536 

mentioned 121, 393 

Adams,  Samuel, 

member  of  committee 87, 488, 535 

Adams,  Samuel, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Adjutant  and  inspector  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 69,107 

Adjutant  and  Inspector  General  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 72, 109 

to  principal  army  to  act  as  chief  of  staff 72, 109 

letters  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 72, 109 

provisionally  retained 72, 110 

Adjutant-General  (see  Uniform;  Rank;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage 
wagons), 

authorized 53,57,68,69,70,72,73,75,76,79,80,81 

appointed 53, 55, 58,  59,  64 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 53,  55 

details  of 56,57,61,62 

arms  in  store  deliverable  on  order  of  the 54, 143,  540 

to  make  monthly  returns  to  Congress 56, 57 

certain  regimental  returns  to  the,  discontinued 58 

when  appointed  from  the  line 60 

to  be  assistant  inspector-general 62,69 

(see  Allowances.) 

inspectors  to  act  as 60,  63,  90, 96 

to  receive  journals  of  Congress 63 

how  appointed 64,  77,  78 

(see  Half-pay.) 

letters  and  packages  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 71,  72 

provisionally  retained 72 

franking  privilege  granted  to  the 73 

to  be  a  commissioner  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 75,  78,  79 

to  notify  State  authorities  of  details  for  ambulance  duty 76 

charged  with  certain  duties  relative  to  colored  soldiers 78 

mentioned 68,  73,  74 

deputy,  authorized 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62,  71 

appointed 54,55,56,58,59,60,61,62,64 

to  make  monthly  reports  and  returns 55 

how  appointed . 64 

to  appoint  an  assistant 65 

assistant,  appointed 56,  61 ,  64 

authorized 70,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81 

how  appointed 64, 69 

to  act  as  assistant  inspector-general 78 

mentioned 69 

(see  Vacancies.  ) 
A dj ut ant-General' s  Department, 

how  constituted 64,  65,  72,  75,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81 

increased 73,  74,  76,  77,  80 

reduced 74,  79 

reduction  of,  repealed 74 

no  new  appointments  or  promotions  in  the 77 

(see  Vacancies;  Army  Corps;  Divisions;  Brigades.  ) 
Adjutant-General's  Office, 

respecting  purchase  of  books,  etc.,  for  the 80 

Advertisement, 

for  proposals  for  quartermaster  supplies 214, 217, 225 

ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  may  be  purchased  without 604 

Affidavits, 

to  insure  uniformity  Secretary  of  War  to  furnish  blank  forms  of 419, 

432,  509, 517, 590, 599, 686, 687 
Agents  (see  Military  agents;  Clothier-general), 

to  be  sent  into  each  State  to  purchase  goods 147, 151 

purchasing,  to  obtain  list  of  prices  allowed 152,  375 


INDEX.  693 

Agents — Continued.  Page. 

authorized  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department 155 

purchase  of  forage 155 

in  each  colony  to  superintend  the  making  of  saltpeter 537, 538 

State  to  superintend  manufacture  of  flints 541 

superintendent  of  finance  may  suspend  or  remove 181 

appoint,  for  purchase  of  supplies.  183, 296, 394, 564 

to  take  the  oath  of  fidelity 261 

States  to  appoint,  for  sale  of  clothing  to  the  troops 275 

to  impress  clothing 275 

stock  and  provisions 276 

for  the  purchase  of  flour 278 

meat 280 

to  be  sent  into  each  State  to  purchase  medicines 370 

in  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands 657, 659 

Agriculture, 

observations  and  signals  for  the  benefit  of 614, 616 

A  IDS- DE-CAMP, 

to  be  taken  from  the  line;  to  perform  duties  of  assistant  adjutant-general. .        73 
authorized  for  the  Inspector-General 87, 96, 105, 106 

Alaska  (see  Leave  of  absence), 

pay  of  officers  serving  in,  increased  10  per  cent 47 

Albany,  X.  Y., 

hospital  in,  mentioned 381,382 

deputy  paymaster-general  at,  appointed 453 

Alden,  Roger, 

appointed  brigade-major 58 

mentioned 60 

Alexander, , 

appointed  brigade-major 61 

Alexander,  William  (see  Stirling,  Lord). 

Allen,  Andrew, 

member  of  committee 538 

mentioned 243 

Allowances  (see  Mileage;  Traveling  allowances;  Commutation), 

to  officers  regulated 20, 184 

of  the  line  detailed  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department 143 

Quartermaster-General  reduced 184 

contractors  for  military  supplies 191 

purchasing  commissaries 281, 282,  283 

deputy  paymasters 4 56 

surveyor  of  ordnance 558, 562 

Alsop,  John, 

member  of  committee 240,  241, 537 

mentioned 142 

Alvokd,  Benjamin, 

mentioned 443 

Ambulances, 

under  control  of  medical  director  of  army  corps 420 

allowance  of 421 

to  be  used  only  for  the  sick  and  wounded 422 

Ambulance  corps  (see  Details), 

how  organized 420 

uniformed 422 

Ammunition  (see.  Laboratory), 

willful  damage  to,  how  punished 177, 308, 383, 561 

committee  to  obtain 535, 537, 539 

captured,  how  disposed  of 641 

care  of,  turned  over  to  board  of  war 543 

Pennsylvania  ami  the  States  south  to  lay  up 544 

in  ard  near  Philadelphia  put  under  General  Putnam's  control 548 

magazines  of,  to  l>e  established i 545,  580 

Issue  of,  to  the  Southern  Army 563 

how  obtained 568, 690 

returns  of,  to  be  made  to  Congress 509 

purchase  of 572,  674 

respecting  tests  of  improvements  in 593 


694  INDEX. 

Ammunition — Continued.  Page. 

purchased  abroad  admitted  free  of  duty 604 

may  be  issued  to  emigrants  to  certain  Territories 586 

purchased  without  advertisement 604 

Ammunition  wagons, 

provided  for  each  regiment 559 

Anderson,  Archibald, 

appointed  brigade-major 61 

inspector •       91 

Anderson,  John, 

mentioned 484, 484 

Andover  Iron  Works, 

mentioned 550 

Andrews,  Timothy  P., 

mentioned 443 

Annapolis,  Md., 

respecting  removal  of  stores  at 546 

port  and  harbor  of,  to  be  fortified 573 

Antiscorbutics, 

for  hospitals  in  Northern  Department 368 

Appalachicola,  Fla., 

mentioned 501 

Apothecaries  (see  Pay;  Half  pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Land), 

authorized 363,365,384,392,408,409 

duties  of 363,387,390,391,398,399 

appointment  of 365,  389, 395 

how  appointed 388 

removal  of  medical  stores  by  the 369 

(see  Vacancies.  )    • 

Apothecaries'  mates  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Clothing), 

authorized 370 

Apothecary-General  (see  Pay-  Rations;  Clothing), 

authorized 370,404,408 

duties  of -. 370 

deputy,  authorized 404 

and  his  deputy,  how  appointed 404 

letters  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage .' 408 

assistant,  authorized 409 

and  assistants  to  give  bonds 410 

mentioned 501 

Appointments  (see  the  several  staff  corps  and  military  departments), 

Commander  in  Chief  to  make,  under  rank  of  brigadier-general 12 

submit  list  of  his 12 

(see  Staff  officers.  ) 

further,  in  the  staff  prohibited . 42, 473, 494, 51 1, 593 

respecting,  for  corps,  division,  and  brigade  staffs 45 

relative  to,   of  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants  in  the  staff   depart- 
ments  . 185,325,455,494,566 

respecting  certain,  in  authorized  engineer  regiments 527 

officers  of  Regular  Army  not  held  as  vacating  their  office  by,  in  the  vol- 
unteer staff 686 

A  ppropriations, 

under  "Pay  Department,"  except  mileage,  to  constitute  one  fund 477 

for  the  Subsistence  Department  to  constitute  one  fund 357 

no  part  of  the,  for  the  Ordnance  Department  to  be  used  to  pay  freight 

charges 807 

for  fortifications  available  until  expended 602 

Aransas  Pass,  Tex., 

respecting  improvements  at 526 

Archer,  Samuel  B., 

mentioned 86 

Arctic  regions, 

respecting  commutation  of  quarters  to  officers  and  men  in  the 690 

Arizona, 

traveling  expenses  of  California  and  Nevada  volunteers  discharged  in 472 

Arkansas, 

arsenal  in 584 

no  recruiting  agents  to  be  sent  to 677 


INDEX.  695 

Arkansas  River,  "age. 

respecting  improvement  of  the 528 

Arlington,  Va., 

memorial  bridge  from  Washington  City  to 526 

Armament, 

of  certain  fortifications 572 

of  port  and  harbor  of  Annapoli" 573 

A  km  an  i),  Charles  T., 

mentioned 103, 304 

Arm  chests, 

to  be  provided  for  each  regiment 559 

Armistead,  Walker  K., 

mentioned 483 

Armorers  (see  Pay;  Master  armorers), 

appointment  of 544, 545,  572, 579, 586 

duties  of : 551 

dismissed 554 

to  be  designated  as  ' '  corporals  " 590 

Armorer's  department, 

inquiry  to  be  made  into  conduct  of  the 554 

Armories   (see  National  armories;   Springfield  Armory;    Harpers  Ferry 
Armory), 

respecting  site  for,  on  the  Western  waters 500, 582 

establishment  of 574 

artificers,  etc.,  in,  exempted  from  jury  duty 576 

placed  under  direction  of  the  Ordnance  Department 580 

civilian  superintendents  of,  may  be  appointed 587,  588 

pay  of  civil  superintendents  of 588 

master  armorers 588 

superintendents  of,  to  be  ordnance  officers 590 

pay  of  officers  employed  in  the 575 

Arms  (see  Rifles;  Patent  arms;  Muskets;  Carbines;  Contractors), 

in  store  deliverable  on  order  of  the  Adjutant-General 54, 143,  540 

willful  damage  to,  ho w  punished ]  77, 308,  383, 561 ,  580 

for  corps  of  sappers  and  miners 492 

importation  of 537,  538, 543,  690 

captured,  how  disposed  of 537,  541 

•    of  men  leaving  the  service  to  be  retained 537,  544 

sick  officers  and  men  to  be  purchased 537 

respecting  purchase  of 538, 539, 540, 572, 574 

manufacture  of 539, 543, 555,  563 

care  and  custody  of,  lodged  with  Board  of  War 543 

imported,  how  distributed  or  cared  for 543, 546,  565 

to  be  provided  for  cavalry 544 

States  requested  to  collect  all,  not  in  actual  service 545 

to  be  marked  "United  States" 546 

respecting  punishment  for  refusal  to  deliver 546 

construction  of  magazines  for '_       547 

measures  to  supply  the  Army  with '. 548 

arrival  of  imported 550 

State  of  Virginia  requested  to  loan 558 

returns  of,  to  be  made ..  556,  557,  569 

issues  of,  how  made 559 

removal  of 545.  664 

how  obtained 568,  573 

report  on  condition  of 570 

exportation  of,  prohibited 573i 

importation  of,  to  be  free  of  duty 578 

to  be  provided  for  the  militia 574 

deposited  in  certain  arsenals  on  the  western  waters >7<; 

depots  of,  to  be  established 580 

issue  of,  to  emigrants  to  certain  Territories 586 

national  asylums 592 

respecting  contracts  for  manufacture  of 588 

alteration  and  improvement  of 588 

duty  remitted  on  certain  imported 590 

sale  of  old  or  unsuitable 593 

damage  to,  in  hands  of  the  troops  to  be  reported 597 


696  INDEX. 

Armstrong, ,  Page. 

accepted  appointment  of  deputy  commissary 246 

Armstrong,  John, 

requested  to  inspect  magazines  of  provisions 87,  253 

Armstrong,  John, 

mentioned 1 76,  297 

Army  (see  Officers), 

appointments  on  the  civil  staff  confer  no  rank  in  the 14 

committee  on  retrenchment  of  expenses  of  the 14 

(see  Northern  army;  Southern  army.  ) 

mail  matter  for  the,  on  Mexican  frontier  and  in  Mexico 31 

committee  to  provide  for  the  sick  of  the 369 

innoculation  in  the,  discontinued .393 

arrears  of  payment  of  the,  not  to  exceed  two  months 460,  461,  462 

sale  of  stores  prior  to  reduction  of  the 568 

Army  Corps, 

staff  officers  of,  how  appointed 45, 112,  231,  348 

of,  how  constituted 76,  79, 116, 211, 345,  348,  355, 591,  604,  625 

ambulance  service  of 420, 421, 422, 423 

Army  Register, 

retired  officers  to  be  borne  on  the 32, 40 

Arnold,  Benedict, 

mentioned 245 

Arrest, 

warrant  officers  in  the  civil  staff  liable  to 161,  293, 383, 490, 558, 644 

officers  of  the  Commissary  Department  liable  to 257 

Arsenals  (see  Naval  arsenals;  Manufactories;  St.  Louis  Arsenal), 

Secretary  of  War  to  direct  building  and  management  of 565 

principal,  where  located 570 

establishment  of 572, 576, 578, 582, 583, 584, 588, 591 ,  601 

keepers  of,  to  make  returns  to  Ordnance  Department 580 

pay  of  officers  employed  in  the 585 

Articles  of  War, 

to  be  distributed  to  the  Army 54 

considered  by  Congress 123 

copies  of  the,  to  be  countersigned  by  the  Judge- Advocate  of  the  Army...      123 

Article  69 128 

90 129,133 

9i 133 

92 133 

Artificers  (see  Pay;  Clothing;  Rations),  . 

necessary,  how  appointed 167, 174, 201, 544,  553, 579, 586 

(see  Harness  makers;  Collar  makers;  Wheelwrights.) 

company  of,  authorized 18b 

to  have  but  one  officer 560 

corps  of,  how  organized 198 

regiment  of,  how  organized 561 

dissolved 563 

removal  to  Carlisle  of  all,  in  Pennsylvania 562 

(see  Southern  arm"*.) 

necessary,  at  Springfield  to  be  retained 565 

guilty  of  neglect  of  duty,  how  punished 575 

in  armories  exempted  from  jury  duty . 576 

reports  of,  to  be  made 578 

may  be  attached  to  regiments,  corps,  or  garrisons 580 

respecting,  of  the  Ordnance  Corps  in  Mexico 586 

to  be  designated  as  privates  of  the  first  class 591 

Artificial  limbs, 

Surgeon-General  to  furnish 425,426,432 

transportation  to  applicants  for 221,  223,  226 

Artillery  (.see  Light  artillery;  Field  artillery;  Commissary  of  artillery; 
Conductor  of  artillery), 

uniform  of 16,  21 

purchase  of  wagons  for  the 147 

all  sheepskins  to  be  preserved  for  use  of  the 322,  565 

a  paymaster  to  be  appointed  to  each  battalion  of 464 

commanding  officer  of,  to  be  member  of  subordinate  board  of  ordnance. . .      553 
arrange  all  business  of  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment to  be  done  in  the  field 556 


INDEX.    '  '  697 

Artillery — Continued.  Page. 

commanding  officer  of,  to  determine  details  for  laboratory  work 557 

mentioned 557, 558 

allowances  to  commanding  officer  of 562 

a  field  officer  of,  to  superintend  business  at  Carlisle 562 

ammunition  for  the,  in  the  Southern  army 563 

Ordnance  Department,  merged  into  the 581 

act  merging  the  Ordnance  Department  in  the,  repealed 583 

transfer  of  officers  of,  to  the  Ordnance  Department 584,  585 

senior  officer  of,  in  Army  Corps  to  act  as  chief  of  ordnance  and  artillery. .       591 

Artillery-artificers, 

commissions  issued  to  officers  of  the 549, 554, 559 

to  be  under  command  of  commissary-general  of  military  stores 552 

pay  of  regiment  of . 553, 560, 561, 562 

appointments  and  promotions  in  regiment  of 554, 559 

organization  of  regiment  of,  reduced 563 

Artillerymen, 

respecting  company  of  laboratory 550 

Artillery  yard, 

respecting  plan  for  an 544 

Ashley,  Moses, 

appointed  brigade  major  pro  tempore 95 

Asiatic  cholera, 

inquiry  to  be  made  into  causes  of 427 

Ase   98M  ents  ( see  Quotas)  , 

of  blankets  to  be  made 252 

Atlantic  Ocean, 

respecting  deep  waterways  between  the  Great  Lakes  and  the 526 

AssiamcKNT, 

of  bounty  land  not  recognized 11 

retired  officers  to  dutv 34 

forbidden 36 

at  the  Soldiers'  Home  authorized 37 

certain  officers  with  increased  rank  revoked 232,356 

officers  to  duty  in  the  Weather  Bureau  revoked 625 

quota  of  men  to  be  drafted  in  districts 668 

ASSOCIATIONS, 

Bureau  of  Refugees,  etc. ,  to  cooperate  with  benevolent 658 

Asyum  (see  Military  asylum). 

Auditors  (see  Baggage  wagons;  Forage;  Clothing), 

duties  of  army 98 

Autograph  signatures, 

written,  required  in  exercising  franking  privilege 36,  38 

Avery,  Elisiia, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 263 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to „ 245 

mentioned ^ 265 

Avi.ktt,  William, 

elected  depttty  commissary-general  for  the  troops  in  Virginia 243 

of  purchases 262 

salary  increased  to  $75  per  month 251 

to  purchase  not  exceeding  10,000  barrels  of  corn 251 

mentioned 282 

B. 
Babcock,  Orlando  Em 

mentioned 513 

Bad>. 

on  whom  conferred;  how  worn 21 

may  be  worn  on  occasions  of  ceremony 36, 43, 44, 48 

Baoqaoi  w  toom, 

allotment  of,  to  general  officers  and  line  officers 172, 186,  494 

the  Adjutant-General  and  assistants 63,  65, 172, 187 

I  n-|>ector-General  and  assistants 95, 102, 172, 187 

Judge- Advocate  and  deputies 12^,127,172,187 

officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 172, 187 

Department  of  Military  Stores 172, 559 


§98  INDEX. 

Baggage  wagons — Continued.  Page. 

allotment  of,  to  the  chief  physician  of  the  Army 388 

commissaries  of  issues 308 

purchases 308 

prisoners 172, 187, 647 

deputy  paymasters 172, 187, 454,  456 

army  auditors 1 72 

geographers 189, 495 

Bailey,  John, 

mentioned 62 

Baird,  Absalom, 

promotion  of,  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department,  authorized 113 

mentioned 86 

Bakers  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

superintendent  of,  appointed 253 

all  army,  to  be  licensed  by  the  superintendent 253 

contracts  to  be  made  with,  to  bake  flour  into  biscuits 264 

State  of  Pennsylvania  requested  to  detail,  from  the  militia 264 

company  of,  authorized 281 

superintendent  of,  to  make  returns 318 

Baltimore,  Md., 

a  quartermaster  appointed  for  town  of 153 

respecting  care  of  the  sick  in 370 

paymaster  appointed  in 447 

respecting  deputy  paymaster  at , 449 

removal  of  military  stores  at 546 

Baldesqui,  Joseph, 

resignation  accepted 451 

mentioned 451 

Baldwin,  Jeduthan, 

appointed  engineer  in  the  Continental  Army 487 

allowed  pay  and  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 485 

to  receive  pay  of  colonel  as  heretofore 492 

mentioned 490,494,563 

Bancker,  Everett  A., 

mentioned 121 

Band, 

authorized  for  battalions  of  engineers 528 

Bandages, 

importation  of,  ordered 364,  365 

Bank  of  Philadelphia, 

requested  to  purchase  cattle  in  lieu  of  flour 310 

Banks,  John, 

appointment  of,  as  conductor  of  artillery  confirmed 568 

Bankson,  John, 

appointed  inspector  pro  tern 100 

Bannister,  Seth, 

member  of  committee 283 

Barber,  William, 

on  the  march,  attached  to  General  Mifflin's  division 60,  90 

to  do  duty  of  subinspector  in  General  Lord  Stirling's  division 94 

to  undertake  the  subinspectorship  of  Hand's,   Maxwell's,  and  Stark's 

brigades „.? "5 

permitted,  for  the  present,  to  decline  duties  of  inspector 95 

appointed  to  act  as  subinspector 89 

division  inspector 100 

Barber,  Nathaniel, 

pay  of,  as  deputy  commissary  of  artillery 546 

resignation  accepted 563 

Barker,  Samuel  Augustus, 

to  act  as  brigade-major 56 

Barnes,  Joseph  K., 

mentioned 362 

Barrack  Master  General, 

pay  of 151 

t<  >  make  return  of  his  assistants 165 

Barrack  masters, 

appointment  of 143,181,198,201 

discharge  of 163 


INDEX.  699 

Barrack  master's  department,  Page. 

duties  of  officers  of  the,  respecting  articles  furnished  to  Congress 157 

supernumerary  officers  in  the,  to  he  discharged 166 

'  al  »olished 166 

Barracks,  » 

to  1  >e  built  where  permanent  magazines  are  estahlished 152 

respecting  building  of 155,164,184,220 

placed  in  charge  of  Quartermaster-General 163 

to  be  provided  for  prisoners  of  war 640,  643 

Barrels, 

Flour,  pork,  and  heef,  how  disposed  of 275 

Bartlett,  John, 

elected  physician  and  surgeon-general  of  army  in  Northern  Department..       374 
mentioned 362 

Bartlett,  Josiah, 

Member  of  committee 247,  540 

Batch  elder,  Richard  N., 

mentioned 140 

Bates,  Alfred  E., 

mentioned 443 

Bathorses, 

allotment  of,  to  the  Inspector-General 95, 172 

Judge- Advocate  and  deputies 126, 1 72 

officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 172, 187 

Department  of  Military  Stores 1 72, 

187, 567, 568 

commissary  of  prisoners 172,  647, 651 

brigade  quartermasters 172 

express  postmaster  and  express  rider 172, 187 

Battalion  paymasters, 

authorized  for  the  Corps  of  Artillery 464 

Baxter,  Jedediah  H., 

mentioned _ 362 

Baynton,  John, 

appointed  deputy  paymaster-general  to  the  troops  on  the  frontiers  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Pennsylvania 447 

resigned 453 

mentioned 453 

Bayonets, 

respecting  manufacture  of 537, 539, 543 

good  firelocks  "without,  not  to  be  rejected 538 

impressment  of 548 

Beackly,  Christian, 

commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers 549 

Beacons, 

sites  for,  to  be  determined  by  Topographic  Bureau 505 

Beatty,  John, 

elected  commissary -general  of  prisoners 641 

resignation  accepted <>47 

mentioned 637 

Beatfokd, , 

mentioned 380 

Bebee,  James, 

to  be  commissioned  captain  of  sappers  and  miners 401 

mentioned 493 

Bedding, 

to  be  furnished  to  the  troops 143 

Bedford.  Guhwihg, 

appointed  deputy  muster  master  for  the  New  York  Department 631 

promoted  muster  master  general 682 

mentioned 629 

Bkdloe,  Willi  \.m, 

mentioned 450 

Beef  flwe Cattle;  Barrels), 

exportation  of,  prohibited 251, 280 

committee  to  provide  fresh 268 

States'  quotas  of 306, 312,  818,  8 1 4 

how  delivered  and  paid  for 307, 316 


,700  INDEX. 

Beef— Continued.  Page. 

part  of  quota  of,  from  Maryland  may  be  retained  in  that  State 310 

fresh,  to  be  issued  daily 322 

Beer, 

contracts  to  be  made  for  supplying 265 

Bell,  John  B., 

mentioned .  _ 52,  86 

Bell,  William  H., 

mentioned 238 

Bells  (see  Church  hells). 

Belton,  John, 

to  superintend  the  making  and  altering  100  muskets 547 

Bexet,  Stephen  V., 

mentioned 534 

Bernard,  Simon, 

to  be  assistant  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 499 

to  have  rank  of  brigadier-general  by  brevet 500 

Berrien,  John, 

appointed  brigade-major 59 

mentioned 59 

Bethlehem,  Pa., 

removal  of  military  stores  to 548 

Biddle,  Clement,  ' 

elected  deputy  quartermaster-general 144 

appointed  commissary -general  of  forage 152 

mentioned 144 

Bills  of  credit, 

depreciation  of  continental,  to  be  remedied 17 

Binding, 

by  the  Public  Printer  not  to  exceed  allotment  to  bureaus 44 

Bixney,  Barnabas, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Bird, , 

mentioned 540 

Biscuits, 

flour  to  be  baked  into 264 

respecting  issue  of  captured 322 

Blacksmiths  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Clothing), 

company  of,  to  be  sent  to  camp 145 

to  be  attached  to  ambulance  corps  of  divisions 422 

necessary,  in  Ordnance  Department  to  be  enlisted .« 579, 586 

to  be  designated  as  "corporals" 590 

Blaine,  Ephraim, 

appointed  to  purchase  blankets  and  shoes ! 243 

commissary  for  Colonel  Mackay '  s  battalion 248 

to  the  troops  in  Cumberland  County,  Pa 252 

elected  deputy  commissary-general  of  purchases 265 

commissary -general  of  purchases 303 

to  make  returns  of  supplies  furnished  by  each  State 312 

continued  commissary -general  of  purchases 317 

mentioned 238,  278,  303 

Bland,  Richard, 

mentioned ,, 1 26,  398 

Blaney,  Aaron, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  issuing  storekeeper 244 

Blankets, 

importation  of 242,  251 

purchase  of 146,243,247,249,250,275 

allowance  to  men  bringing  a  good  new,  into  camp 241 .  249 

assessment  of,  recommended  to  State  legislatures 252 

price  to  be  charged  to  enlisted  men  for ♦,,-  -  268 

issues  of -  pOl,  :U'S 

to  be  delivered  to  director-general  of  hospital 277, 376 

Bleeker,  Leonard, 

to  do  the  duty  of  inspector 1W 

Blicker,  James, 

elected  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues -65 

mentioned 265 


INDEX.  701 

Bloomfield,  Moses,  Page. 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

resignation  accepted 390 

mentioned .' 395 

Board  of  Commissioners  (see  Soldiers'  Home), 

to  investigate  plan  for  reclamation  of  alluvial  basin  of  Mississippi  River..       512 
Board  of  Ordnance, 

composition  of  subordinate 488,  553 

Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification, 

composition  and  duties  of  the 523, 602 

Board  of  Treasury, 

mentioned 163, 169, 175, 178, 190, 255, 259, 263,  277, 

285,  294,  298,  302,  305,  326,  327,  328,  450,  452, 457, 551, 557, 562 
Board  of  War, 

reported  a  form  of  a  commission  for  staff  officers 14 

to  purchase  six  wagons,  with  horses  and  harness 147 

superintend  the  civil  departments  of  the  Army 153 

prepare  regulations  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department 155 

employ  agents  for  the  purchase  of  forage 155 

number  of  wagoners  enlisted  and  regulations  inspecting  them  to  be  reported 

to  the 162 

to  superintend  the  Quartermaster's  Department 165 

procure  from  the  Quartermaster-General  returns  of  all  officers,  agents, 

etc.,  of  the  department '. 165 

discharge  supernumerary  officers  in  the  barrack  master's  department. .       166 

purchase  covered  wagons  for  the  artillery 147 

direct  disposition  of  goods  seized  or  contracted  for  in  Philadelphia  . .  159-290 
suspend  or  dismiss  all  supernumerary  officers  in  the  Quartermaster's 

Department 175 

furnish  the  Southern  army  with  tents 180 

make  contracts  for  supplying  the  Army  with  beer,  vegetables,  soap,  etc.      265 
cooperate  with  General  Washington  in  effectual  measures  for  supplying 

the  Army 268-548 

(see  Massachusetts  Bay.  ) 
inquire  what  measures  have  been  taken  by  the  Pennsylvania  legislature 

to  lay  up  magazines 279 

order  purchases  of  flour  and  provisions,  etc 280 

employ  agents  to  purchase  meat 280 

appoint  directors  and  subdirectors  of  the  company  of  bakers 281 

make  regulations  for  conducting  the  hides  department 285 

prepare  instructions,  etc.,  for  the  conduct  of  the  clothier's  department.      295 
appoint  commissaries  of  hides  and  make  regulations  for  their  govern- 
ment        297 

advise  State  executive  powers  of  any  considerable  additions  to  stock  of 

clothing 299 

give  orders  for  supplying  prisoners  of  war  with  indian  meal  in  lieu  of 

flour 300 

purchase  leather 300 

Hi]>erintend  department  of  purchases  and  issues 302 

furnish  the  Southern  army  with  clothing  and  equipments 318 

confer  with  minister  from  France  respecting  certain  officers 489 

frame  regulations  for  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  etc 490 

employ  persons  for  the  manufacture  of  flints -      541 

cr mtract  for  a  number  of  cannon  of  the  new  construction 546 

relative  to  delivery  of  leather  by  the 547 

authorized  to  purchase  powder  and  military  stores 547 

relative  to  contracts  for  making  steel 550 

to  inquire  into  conduct  of  the  armorer's  department 554 

contract  for  muskets  and  bayonets -.      566 

furnish  certain  military  stores  to  the  Southern  army 563 

ammunition  and  equipments  to  the  artillery  and  cavalry  in  the 

Southern  army;  employ  artificers  to  repair  arms 563 

relative  to  officers  and  artificers  at  the  Springfield  laboratory 565 

reports  of 287,  291,  490,  49 1 ,  51 K I 

mentioned 153,  161,  162, 

L68,  L68,  170,  173, 174,  176,  L78,  260,  L'ti.-!,  270,  274,  277,  279, 
280,  283,  lis").  288,  298,  298,  299,  304,  306,  308,  816,  317,  819, 
382,  4(J0,  549,  550,  554,  555,  559,  560,  562,  563,  564,  565 


702  INDEX. 

Board  of  War  and  Ordnance,  Page. 

to  appoint  agents  to  purchase  necessaries  for  the  Army 296 

all  contracts  for  casting  cannon  turned  over  to  the 547 

to  submit  estimate  for  a  brass  foundry 551 

appoint  persons  to  manufacture  flints 541 

contract  with  Mr.  Byers  as  superintendent  of  a  brass  foundry 553 

for  battering  cannon,  mortars,  etc 554 

appoint  a  field  commissary  of  military  stores 556 

surveyor  of  ordnance 558 

procure  a  quantity  of  shot  and  shell 560 

remove  unnecessary  officers  in  department  of  military  stores 560 

vacate  contract  with  Mr.  Byers 565 

mentioned 547,  551,  552,  553,  556,  556,  557,  558 

Boards  (see  Medical  board;  Light-House  Board), 

appointed  to  reorganize  mode  of  making  coast  surveys 503 

consider  subject  of  fortifications,  torpedoes,  etc 520,  601 

examine  all  inventions  of  heavy  ordnance,  etc 519 

to  report  on  property  of  the  Signal  Corps 623 

Boards  of  engineers, 

appointed 511,512,  513,  519,  522,  524,  525,  526,  527,  528 

Boards  cf  enrollment, 

composition  and  duties  of 668,  670,  672,  673,  674,  676 

Boards  of  examination, 

composition  and  duties  of 1 211, 212,  346,  347, 470, 471,  673 

to  pass  on  officers  and  men  prior  to  detail  for  signal  duty 614 

Bono,  Otto, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay 401 

Bombardiers, 

company  of,  how  organized 498 

disbanded 500 

Bomford,  George, 

mentioned 534 

Bond,  Jr.,  Thomas, 

elected  purveyor 389 

mentioned 3(52,  391 

Bonds,, 

to  be  furnished  bv  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 199, 

202, 205, 207,  208 

department  of  purchases 269, 

284,  285,  335,  338,  448 

issues 269, 284,  285,  448 

Pay  Department 445, 448, 

455,  458,  459, 460,  461, 463, 464,  466,  467.  4»iS 

Medical  Department 410,  419.  423 

clothier-general 318 

paymasters  and  military  storekeepers  at  arsenals  and 

armories 585 

commissioner  and  assistants  of  Bureau  of  Refugees, 

Freedmen,  etc 655,  866,  857 

of  officers  of  the  Pay  Department,  when  to  be  renewed 469 

Books, 

for  the  inspecting  and  mustering  department 1 79 

respecting  purchase  of,  for  the  Adjutant-General's  Office 80 

Boston  Harbor,  Mass., 

mentioned 511 

Boudinot,  Elias, 

appointed  commissary-general  of  prisoners,  with  rank  of  colonel 639 

empowered  to  appoint  deputies 639 

mentioned 127, 637.  641 

Bounty, 

wagoners  to  receive  same,  as  enlisted  men  of  the  Army 161 

a  suit  of  clothes  as  a 162 

respecting  a,  for  the  manufacture  of  muskets 541 

to  laborers  of  the  Ordnance  Department . 579 

respecting,  of  soldiers  transferred  to  the  Navy , 672.  <>^7 

received  by  minors  to  be  repaid  before  their  discharge 875 

respecting,  for  colored  volunteers 676 


INDEX.  *  703 

Bounty  fund,  ,  Page. 

retained,  of  colored  soldiers,  how  disposed  of 659,  660 

Bounty  land  (see  Land), 

artificers  and  laborers  of  ordnance  entitled  to 586 

Bowman,  John, 

elected  deputy  paymaster  for  the  western  district 453 

Box,  Daniel, 

t<  i  do  duty  as  brigade  major 53, 55 

mentioned 54,  56 

Bradford,  John. 

mentioned 179, 181,  273,  300 

Bradford,  William, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major • 56 

Bradford,  Jr.,  William, 

elected  deputy  muster  master  general 634 

mentioned 635 

Brandy, 

included  in  the  ration 328,  330,  333 

Brandywine, 

issue  of  rum  for  gallantry  of  troops  in  battle  of 268 

Brandywine  Shoals,  Pa., 

works  i  hi.  mentioned 504 

Braxton,  Carter, 

member  of  committee 540 

Brazos  River  Channel  and  Dock  Company, 

mentioned 526 

Bread  (gee  Hard  bread). 
Brkck,  Samuel, 

mentioned 52 

Brkckenridoe,  Joseph  C, 

mentioned 86 

.Breeches. 

purchase  of  leather  and  deerskins  for 153,  274 

buckskin,  to  be  purchased 142 

Breech-loading  guns, 

respecting  contraction  and  test  of 593 

Brent,  Robert, 

mentioned 443 

Brevets  (see  Uniforms), 

may  be  issued  to  certain  officers  who  in  1777  held  a  commission  by,  higher 
than  their  present  rank 23 

conferrable  for  gallant  services 26 

ten  years'  service  in  any  one  grade 26, 681 

only  by  consent  of  the  Senate 29 

on  volunteer  officers  for  services  prior  to  appointment  in 

Regular  Army 36 

when,  entitled  to  pay  or  emoluments 456 

Brewen,  Jeremiah, 

appointed  to  superintend  the  artificers 490 

Brewer,  Jonathan, 

appointed  barrack  master 142 

mentioned 142 

Brewer,  Samiel, 

mentioned 53, 54 

Bill  RES, 

contractors  offering,  bow  punished 216 

Brick,  Benjamin  \\\, 

mentioned 443 

Brick,  Jacob, 

appointed  brigade  major 62 

inspector 95 

Bridges, 

construction  of,  across  the  Detroit  River 320 

Great  Kanawha  River,  West  Virginia 522 

location  of,  across  Mississippi  River  at  Hickman,  Ky 522 

(see  National   Road;   North    River  Bridge.) 
examinatic  >n  and  construction  of "ill,  512 


704  INDEX. 

Bridges — Continued.  Page. 

over  the  Mississippi  River  to  St.  Louis,  Mo ' 526 

(see  Memorial  Bridge.) 

across  Niagara  River 527 

Brigade  inspectors  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage  wagons), 

authorized 89, 93, 95, 96, 104, 105, 107, 108 

appointed 61, 89,  90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 100 

office  of,  annexed  to  that  of  brigade  majors 61 ,  93 

duties  of 93,  97,  98 

respecting  tents  for ;.  99 

provisionally  retained 110 

superseded  by  assistant  inspectors-general 110 

Brigade  majors  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage),     • 

authorized 53, 54, 60, 62,  65,  66,  67,  68,  70,  71 

appointed 53,  54, 55, 56, 57, 58,  59, 60,  62,  63,  65,  66 

to  hold  their  rank  in  the  line 60,  70 

office  of  brigade  inspector  annexed  to  that  of 61 ,  93 

Brigade  quartermasters  (see  Pay), 

how  appointed 156 

authorized 195,  202 

appointed 183 

to  perform  duties  of  conductors  of  military  stores 568 

superseded  by  assistant  quartermasters-general 202 

Brigades, 

respecting  staff  officers  of 45 

composition  of  staff  of 75, 96, 106, 194,  207,  210,  344,  416 

issue  of  signal  flags  to 186 

lieutenants  of  ambulance  corps  to  be  assigned  to 420 

a  conductor  of  military  stores  to  be  assigned  to 559 

Brigade  surgeons, 

to  be  known  as  surgeons  of  volunteers  and  attached  to  the  general  medical 

staff 419 

Brimfield, , 

appointed  brigade  inspector 80 

Brimstone, 

collection  of,  in  the  several  colonies 5:35 

Brookfield,  Mass., 

order  for  a  laboratory  at,  revoked o47 

Brooks,  John, 

attached,  on  the  march,  to  General  de  Kalb's  division 60,  90 

to  be  considered  as  deputy  adjutant-general  at  AVest  Point 62 

appointed  to  act  as  subinspector 89 

Brown,  Clark, 

mentioned 144 

Brown,  Daniel, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to 244 

Brown,  Hubbard, 

appointed  conductor  of  artillery 539 

Brown,  James, 

elected  chief  physician  of  the  Army 394 

mentioned 362 

Brown,  Josiah, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk  at  scales 244 

Brown,  Nathan  D., 

mentioned 443 

Brown,  William, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Brown.  William, 

elected  assistant  physician  for  the  flying  camp , 387 

surgeon-general  of  hospital  in  the  middle  department 375 

physician-general  in  the  middle  department * !~s 

resignation  accepted 383 

•  mentioned 361 ,  878 

Brownson,  Nathan, 

elected  deputy  purveyor  of  hospital  for  the  Southern  army 393 

hospital 398 


INDEX.  705 

Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Pa»e. 

mentioned 380 

Brixswick,  Ga., 

respecting  inspection  of  work  on  outer  bar  of 525, 526 

Buchanan,  William, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases 262 

commissary-general  of  purchases 265 

mentioned 238,264,265,279,283 

Buckshot, 

to  be  put  into  all  cartridges 548 

Buffington,  Adelbert  R., 

mentioned 534 

Buildings  {see  Pension  Bureau;  School  buildings), 

rent  of  certain,  occupied  for  public  uses 571 

all,  no  longer  wanted  to  be  sold 178 

limitation  of  expenditures  on  public 229 

respecting,  held  t>y  the  late  Confederate  States 658 

Bullets, 

imported,  to  be  purchased 555 

Bullit,  Thomas, 

appointed  deputy  adjutant-general 54 

advanced  to  rank  of  colonel • 54, 57 

Bullock,  Archibald, 

member  of  committee ....'. 540 

Buoys, 

sites  for,  to  be  determined  by  Topographical  Bureau 505 

Burbeck,  Henry, 

mentioned 483 

Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands, 

created 655 

to  prohibit  whipping  or  maiming 659 

operations  of,  in  States  when  discontinued 661 

educational  department  of  the,  to  be  continued 662 

when  to  be  discontinued 663 

mentioned 656,659,660,661,662 

Bureau  of  Military  Justice, 

created 131 

how  constituted 131, 132 

merged  into  Judge-Advocate-GeneraPs  Department 133 

Bureaus, 

heads  of,  not  to  print  their  reports  at  public  expense 31 

receive  pay  for  services  when  the  Government  is  a  party.  34 

official  letters  to  heads  of,  to  pass  free  of  postage 38 

franking  privilege  conferred  on  heads  of 34,  38 

(see  Topographical  Bureau.) 

official  postage  to  be  paid  from  contingent  fund  of 681 

Burke,  Thomas, 

member  of  committee 253 

mentioned 318 

Burnet,  William, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

elected  physician  and  surgeon-general  of  army  in  Eastern  Department . . .  374 

chief  physician  and  surgeon  of  the  hospitals ." 392 

mentioned 362,395 

Bushnelx,  David, 

to  be  commissioned  lieutenant  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

promoted  to  rank  of  captain  493 

t<>  command  the  corps  of  sa1  pers  and  miners ^  495 

BUTCHKBS, 

(>ay  of,  by  whom  regulated 262 

i<  > w  governed 305 

Butler.   AssoV, 

mentioned 548 

Butlek,  Edward, 

mentioned 51,52,86,36 

BUTLKB,  Tiiom  \n, 

appointed  public  armorer 545 

mentioned 554 

S.  Doc.  229 45 


706  INDEX. 

Butler,  William,  Page. 

mentioned 62 

Byers,  James, 

mentioned 553, 565, 569 


C. 

Cabell,  — , 

appointed  brigade  major 61 

inspector 89, 94 

Cadets  (see  Medical  Cadets), 

ten,  authorized  in  Corps  of  Engineers 497 

Caldwell,  Andrew, 

commissioned  second  lieutenant  of  artillery 549 

resignation  accepted 559 

Caldwell  and  Mease,  (Messrs. ), 

mentioned 246 

Calhoun,  John  C, 

mentioned 4, 5, 533 

California, 

respecting  a  deep-water  harbor  on  the  coast  of 525 

pay  of  military  storekeepers  in,  increased 587 

respecting  arsenal  buildings  in 588 

California  Debris  Commission, 

how  organized 525 

California  Volunteers, 

traveling  expenses  of,  discharged  in  certain  Territories 472 

Calumet  River,  III., 

mentioned 519 

Calfskins, 

to  be  dressed  for  drumheads 311, 562 

Camden,  N.  J., 

mentioned 522 

Camp  (see  Flying  Camp), 

respecting,  in  Virginia,  for  prisoners  of  war 160 

erection  of  shades  and  bowers  in 186 

Campaigns,  . 

inspections  and  reviews  to  be  held  at  end  of 88 

Campbell,  Donald, 

elected  deputy  quartermaster-general 141 

to  have  the  rank  of  colonel 141 

Campbell,  George, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 395 

Camp  equipage, 

articles  of,  how  obtained •. 145,  247 

to  be  purchased 145 

provision  and  distribution  of 174 

Secretary  of  War  to  provide  yearly  for  necessary 195 

may  be  issued  to  detachments  of  sailors  or  marines 202 

Quartermaster's  Department  to  receive  and  distribute  all 204, 340 

duties  of  line  officers  respecting,  received  by  them 204 

to  be  furnished  to  Southern  Army 318 

Camp  kettles  (see  Kettles). 

Canada  (see  Commissary-General  of  Stores  and  Provisions,  Muster-Master- 
General), 

medicines  to  be  sent  to  troops  in 365 

a  physician  and  surgeon  for  the  troops  in 366 

Canadian  volunteers, 

payments  to 465 

Canals, 

engineer  officers  to  be  detailed  for  making  surveys,  etc. ,  of 500 

around  Falls  of  the  Ohio  River  mentioned 505 

(see  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal.  ) 

respecting,  routes  from  Lake  Erie  to  the  Ohio  River 526 

(see  Nicaraguan  Canal;  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal;  Ship  Canal; 
Iron  Company  Canal;  Hennepin  Canal;  Louisville  and  Portland 
Canal.  ) 


INDEX.  707 

Candidates,  .  Page, 

examination  of  all,  for  appointment  in  hospital  department 405 

Candles, 

exportation  of,  prohibited 251 

Canisters  (see  Cartridge  Canisters). 

Cannon  committee, 

to  estimate  number  of  cannon  wanted 538 

purchase  or  contract  for  cannon 539, 540, 541, 542 

increased ,. 539 

to  employ  proper  persons  to  see  the  cannon  proved 540 

have  certain  cannon  mounted  if  fit  for  service 544 

deliver  all  contracts  to  the  Board  of  War 547 

Cannons  (see  Howitzers;  Mortars;  Ordnance;  Contracts;  Cannon  Commit- 
tee), 

importation  of 536,  537 

purchase  of 539,  541,  544, 571 

powder  to  be  furnished  for  proving 543 

(see  Fcrnaces.) 

disposition  of  captured 544 

report  on  condition  of - '  570 

for  port  and  harbor  of  Annapolis 573 

superintendent  of  manufacture  of  iron,  authorized 586 

experiments  and  testa  of 593 

al  1  rifled,  to  be  tested . 600 

issues  of  smoothbore,  for  experimental  purposes 601 

Canteens, 

to  be  provided 144,  687 

Canvas  (see  Tents). 

Capitaine , 

granted  rank  of  captain  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 488 

Capitol, 

removal  of  railroad  track  in  front  of  the 511 

electrical  apparatus  in  the,  how  supervised 512 

Capitulation, 

benefits  to  officers  from,  at  Yorktown 19 

Captain, 

grade  of,  abolished  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 76 

Caw, 

worsted,  authorized 142,  291 

purchase  of  uniform  or  forage,  forbidden  until  old  pattern  is  exhausted  . .  222 

woolen,  to  be  issued  to  the  troops 291 

Carbines, 

may  1  te  issued  to  employees  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department . 143,  540 

Carey,  Asa  B., 

mentioned 443 

Carey,  Richard, 

appointed  brigade  major 53 

Carlisle,  John, 

appointed  an  assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General 64 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major 65 

appointed  assistant  adjutant-general 66 

Carlisle,  Pa.  (see  Commissary  of  Military  Stores), 

magazines  of  provisions  to  be  formed  at 316 

military  stores  to  be  removed  to 546 

I  ay  of  contractor  for  lumber  wanted  at 549 

artificers  in  department  of  military  stores  in  Pennsylvania  to  be  removed  to.  562 

respecting  artillery  artificers  at 563 

Oabmb,  John, 

appointed  assistant  deputy  apothecary  in  Southern  Department 395 

Carpenters, 

respecting  appointment  of  a  master 141 

carbines  may  be  issued  to,  in  Quartermaster's  Department 143,  540 

Carpenters'  tools, 

purchase  of,  for  each  regiment  authorized 145 

Carriage  makers  (*ee  Pay;  Rations), 

employment  of,  in  Ordnance  Department,  authorized 577,  586 

to  be  designated  as  "corporals" 590 


708  INDEX. 

Carriages,  Page. 

committee  to  consider  plan  for  providing,  for  public  service 145 

impressment  of,  to  be  avoided 146 

issue  of  forage  in  cases  of  detained  hired 149 

Carrington,  Edward, 

mentioned 190, 326, 457, 569 

Carrington,  Mayo, 

appointment  as  deputy  quartermaster-general  for  the   Southern  army 

confirmed 180 

Carroll,  Charles, 

member  of  committee 14,  286 

mentioned 157 

Cartel  (see  Prisoners  ok  war). 

Carter  and  Wadsworth,  (Messrs.), 

mentioned 324 

Cartridge  boxes, 

how  to  be  made 554 

Cartridge  canisters, 

tin,  may  be  supplied  in  lieu  of  boxes 544 

Cartridges, 

buckshot  to  be  put  in  all 548 

respecting  test  of  graduating  and  accelerating 593 

Cary's  Ford  Reef,  Fla., 

works  at,  mentioned 504 

Casey,  Thomas  L., 

mentioned 483, 513 

continued  in  charge  of  building  for  the  Library  of  Congress 525 

Caswell, , 

mentioned 274 

Cattle  (see  Live  stock;  Inspector  of  cattle;  Wagonmaster-General), 

horns  of  killed,  to  be  saved 142,  538 

hides,  tallow,  etc.,  of  killed,  to  whom  delivered 270,  291 

Connecticut  requested  to  furnish 275 

superintendents  of,  how  governed 305 

Bank  of  Philadelphia  requested  to  purchase 310 

certain  States  called  on  for  a  supply  of 310, 311 

Cavalry  (see  Forage), 

uniform  of 21 

horses  to  be  procured  for  the 180 

arms  to  be  provided  for  the 544,  574 

ammunition  and  equipments  for  the,  in  Southern  army 563 

Cavalry  forge, 

division  ambulance  officer  to  have  a  traveling 422 

Cemetery  (see  National  cemeteries), 

near  City  of  Mexico  subject  to  same  rules  as  national  cemeteries 221, 222 

Certificates, 

of  administration  of  oath  of  office 175 

issues  of,  in  Quartermaster's  Department 160, 161, 177 

Commissary  Department 259,  292, 309,  319 

of  clothing 292,293 

lists  of  commissaries  of  purchases  and  issues  authorized  to  give,  to  be 

made 326 

of  discharge  from  draft . 670,  671 

enlistment  of  slaves 675 

Champion, , 

appointed  barrack  master  to  the  French  army 181 

Channel, 

respecting  a,  through  Southwest  Pass  of  Mississippi  River 526 

through  Sabine  Lake  to  be  reexamined 528 

Chapman,  Nathaniel, 

commissioned  captain  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 554 

excused  from  further  service 561 

Chaplains  (see  Hospital  chaplains). 

Charleston,  S.  C.  (see  Commissary  of  Prisoners). 

Chase,  Samuel, 

member  of  committee 246, 283, 367 


INDEX.  709 

Chase,  Thomas,  Page. 

to  continue  to  do  duty  of  brigade-major 53 

mentioned 53 

Checks, 

in  payment  of  claims  of  colored  soldiers  to  whom  made  payable 660 

Cheever,  Ezekiel, 

appointed  commissary  of  artillery  stores 536 

excused  from  further  service 560 

mentioned 533, 539 

Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal, 

mentioned 526 

Chesapeake  Bay, 

mentioned 500 

Chester,  John, 

mentioned 56 

Chief  Engineer, 

authorized , 485 

appointed 487 

to  be  member  of  subordinate  Board  of  Ordnance 488,  553 

Chief  Hospital  Physicians  (see  Pay), 

authorized 384 

appointed 389 

duties  of 384,385,386,387,389 

to  be  appointed  by  Congress 388 

office  of,  abolished 396 

Chief  of  Artillery  and  Ordnance. 

senior  artillery  officer  in  Army  Corps  to  act  as 591 

Chief  of  Engineers  (see  Rank;   Pay), 

authorized 509,510,513,527,529 

selection  of 498,509,510,514 

to  determine  equipments  for  sappers  and  miners 504, 513 

letters  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 502 

authorized  to  enlist  artificers 497 

employ  civil  engineers 518 

special  duties  assigned  to  the 511, 513, 515, 516, 523, 524, 525, 527, 528 

entitled  to  use  of  books  in  Library  of  Congress 524 

mentioned 514, 515,  516, 521, 522,  523,  524,  525,  526, 528 

Chief  of  Ordnance  (see  Rank;  Pay), 

authorized 579,583,590,592,594,596,604,605 

duties  of 579, 580,  581,  586,  596, 597,  603,  605 

how  appointed 592, 597 

letters,  etc. ,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 584 

rank  of  assistant  to  the 603,  604 

mentioned 597,  600 

Chief  of  Staff, 

brigadier  assigned  to  principal  army  to  act  as 72,  1 09 

Chief  of  Topographical  Engineers, 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 502 

Chief  Physician  (see  Director-General  and  Chief  Physician), 

authorized 366, 384 

app  >inted 366, 394 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 390 

(see  Pay;    Rations;    Forage;    Land;    Baggage    Wagons;    Southern 
Akmv.) 

Chief  Physician  and  Surgeon  (see  Physician;  Pay), 

authorized 384 

app  minted 364,  389,  392 

duties  of 364,  386 

to  be  appointed  by  Congress 388 

take  the  oath  of  office 390 

office  of,  abolished 396 

Chief  Signal  Officer  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 618,614,616,624,626 

<  hit ies  of 614, 615,  622 

may  sell  surplus  maps,  etc 615, 616 

be  detailed  to  take  charge  of  Weather  Bureau 622 

mentioned 614,  616,  621,  623, 624 


710  INDEX. 

China,  Page, 

ten  per  cent  increased  pay  allowed  officers  serving  in 48 

Cholera   (see  Asiatic  cholera)  . 

Church  bells 

and  others  taken  from  New  York  to  be  returned 569 

Cider 

to  be  supplied  to  the  Army 265 

Church,  Benjamin, 

elected  director  of,  and  physician  in,  hospital 363 

mentioned 361,  364 

arrested  for  holding  correspondence  with  enemy 364 

Church,  Thomas, 

appointed  brigade  major 62,  95 

Churchill,  Sylvester, 

mentioned 86 

Cincinnati,  Ohio, 

respecting  quartermaster's  depot  aj; 217 

Citizens, 

grant  of  half-pay  applicable  only  to  officers  who  are 13 

all  authorized  staff  officers  to  be 70, 108, 195,  407 

Civilians, 

may  be  appointed  to  fill  vacancies  in  Quartermaster's  Department 227 

Commissary  Department 353 

authority  to  appoint,  as  superintendents  of  armories  revoked .  -» 590 

to  be  examined  before  appointment  as  paymasters 477 

Civil  engineers, 

may  be  appointed  to  vacancies  in  Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers 502 

employment  of,  in  Corps  of  Engineers 500, 518 

authorized 501 

authority  for  employment  of,  revoked 502 

Civil  office, 

half-pay  officers  may  hold  a 15, 380,  453 

Civil  staff, 

appointments  on  the,  confer  no  rank  in  the  Armv 14,  635 

status  of  warrant  officers  on  the .* 161,  293, 380, 490, 558,  644 

Claiborne,  Richard, 

appointed  brigade  major 59 

Claims, 

respecting,  of  creditors  of  the  U.  S 178, 181, 212,  309,  347 

to  confiscated  lands 657 

for  pay,  etc.,  of  colored  soldiers 660 

to  exemption  from  draft 674,  675 

for  servants'  quarters  not  allowed 684 

payment  of,  in  favor  of  disloyal  persons  forbidden 511, 517, 686,  687 

Clark,  Abraham, 

member  of  committee 254,  283 

mentioned 454 

Clay,  Joseph, 

elected  deputy  paymaster-general  in  Georgia 448 

to  place  funds  in  hands  of  certain  staff  officers  in  State  of  Georgia 158, 450 

mentioned 289,  452 

Clerks  (me  Pay;  Rations;  Forage). 

authorized  for  the  Adjutant-General 64 

commissary-general  of  purchases . . ; 306 

military  stores 551 

prisoners 644 

Paymaster-General 449,  452 

clothier-general 296,  298 

necessary,  in  Quartermaster's  Department,  how  appointed 167, 169, 176, 186 

hospital,  by  whom  appointed 364 

appointed,  in  department  of  military  stores 568 

(see  Paymaster's  clerks.) 

Cleveland,  Moses, 

to  be  commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

Clinton,  George, 

member  of  committee 239, 536 


INDEX.  711 

Clinton,  James,  Page. 

mentioned 55, 60, 94, 96 

Cloth, 

no  money  to  be  paid  for  patent  process  for  preservation  of 223 

Ci.iitiiier-general  (see  Pay;  Bond), 

authorized 251, 293 

appointed 252,297,318 

duties  of. . .  266, 267, 273, 275, 281, 287, 292, 293, 298,  301, 319, 320,  321,  322,  326, 491 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 319 

to  deliver  all  cloth  fit  for  tents 148,  253 

send  agents  into  each  State  to  buy  linen  and  clothing 251 

(see  Commissary -general  of  clothing.) 

States  requested  to  deliver  linen  fit  for  shirts  to  the 263 

to  appoint  an  agent  in  Georgia 264 

deputies  in  each  State 273 

remove  stores  to  Bethlehem,  Pa 268 

(see  Clothing;  Caps;  Clerks.) 

to  deliver  blankets,  shirts,  etc. ,  for  sick  and  wounded 273,  277,  376 

return  goods  taken  from  merchants  in  Philadelphia 293 

make  full  account  of  sale,  etc.,  of  goods  taken  in  Philadelphia 293 

receive  his  instructions  from  the  war  office 323 

mentioned 182,  251,  252,  262, 274, 276, 285, 294, 321, 322,  376 

deputy  in  Georgia  mentioned ." 289, 450 

duties  of 290 

Clothiers'  department  (see  Committee), 

compilation  to  be  made  of  regulations  of  the 286 

ordinance  regulating  the 293 

respecting  seizures  made  by  officers  of  the 290 

mentioned 321 

Clothiers  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 293, 301 

duties  of 182, 294,  295,  299,  301,  319, 321 

mentioned 266,  281 

Clothing  (see  Clothier-general;  Clothiers;  Commissary  of  clothing;  Uni- 
form) , 

allowance  of,  regulated 16,  247, 320 

issuable  to  staff  officers 14,301,302,380,451 

officers  of  the  hospital  department 311,  381,  388 

the  commissary -general  of  prisoners 645 

hospital  stewards 381 

geographers 325 

sergeants  of  ordnance 230 

artificers 1 6, 1 64,  302, 564 

of  ordnance 579, 581, 591 

engineer  soldiers 497,504 

enlisted  men  of  the  line 328,  329, 330,  331, 332,  333, 334 

wagoners 16, 161, 162, 164, 165,  302 

bakers 281 

officers'  servants 17,  650 

respecting  insufficiency  of  stock  of 22 

purchase  of  materials  for 142, 146,  240 

articles  of *. 142, 241,  286 

punishment  for  embezzlement,  etc.,  of 177 

transportation  of 182 

respecting  damage  to  or  deficiency  in 182 

Quartermaster-General  to  receive  and  distribute  all 204,  340 

duties  of  line  officers  respecting,  received  by  them 204,  224, 225 

respecting  issues  of 205 

importation  of  materials  for 242,  243, 252 

to  be  provided 243, 246,  247,  250, 254,  264,  268,  271, 275 

(see  Caps;  Breeches;  Stockings;  Shirts;  Linen;  Woolen  goods.) 

disposition  of  imported,  and  materials 247,  248,  252,  285, 287, 308, 322 

issued  to  troops,  how  paid  for 249,298,301,302,464 

States  recommended  to  impress 275,  276,  L'77 

employ  agents  for  manufacture  of 276,  277 

provide,  for  their  respective  lines 299 

(see  Board  of  wak;  Blankets;  Rations.) 


712  INDEX. 

Clothing — Continued.  Page. 

purchases  of  and  contracts  for,  by  whom  made 328 

to  be  provided  yearly 332 

surplus,  to  be  sold  by  district  paymasters 334,  460, 461 

report  on 327 

commissary-general  of  purchases  to  procure  all 334 

no  claim  for  use  of  patented  process  for  preserving 220,  223 

sale  of  old  pattern,  after  issue  of  new  uniform 221 

President  to  prescribe  quality  and  kind  of 337,  338 

paymaster  and  assistants  to  have  charge  of 460 

extra  issues  of,  authorized 211,  219,  225, 424 

issue  of,  to  be  established  in  general  regulations 464 

prisoners  of  war 640 

destitute  freedmen  and  refugees 655 

miscellaneous  issues  of,  authorized 218,  219, 220, 222,  228, 687 

to  be  purchased  for  destitute  citizens  in  Cuba 230 

mentioned 209, 

250, 299,  303,  308, 319, 321, 324,  337, 339, 343,  344,  382, 383, 464, 561 

Cly.mer,  Daniel, 

appointed  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners 641 

Clymer,  George, 

directed  to  send  3  tons  of  steel  and  5  tons  of  nail  rods  for  the  use  of  the 

Army  in  the  Northern  Department 545 

Coast  of  the  United  States, 

respecting  survey  of  the 503 

Coats  (see  Uniforms), 

wearing  red,  forbidden 19 

purchase  of,  not  to  be  made  until  old  pattern  is  exhausted 222 

Coburn,  John, 

to  be  allowed  lieutenant's  pay 541 

Cochran,  John, 

elected  physician  and  surgeon-general  in  Middle  Department 373 

chief  physician  and  surgeon 389 

director  of  military  hospital 390 

mentioned 361,362,392 

Cochrane,  Robert, 

to  superintend  hospital  at  Albany 382 

Coffee, 

allowance  of,  fixed 343 

may  be  commuted 345 

Cogswell,  Samuel, 

appointed  deputy  judge-advocate 1 27 

Cogswell,  Thomas, 

appointed  wagon  master  to  the  main  Army 1 79 

Collar  Makers, 

to  be  immediately  sent  to  the  camp 145 

Colonies, 

respecting  importation  of  war  material  for  the 536, 690 

requested  to  set  their  gunsmiths  at  work 537, 543 

employ  persons  to  make  saltpeter 537, 538, 539 

erect  powder  mills  , 540 

report  condition  of  lead  mines 541 

Colors  (see  Flags)  . 

Colt,  Peter, 

elected  deputy  commissary-general  of  purchases 266 

Columbia,  S.  C., 

arsenal  to  be  established  at 601 

Columbia  Hospital,  D.  C, 

mentioned 425 

Columbia  River,  Wash., 

mentioned 522 

Columbus,  Ohio, 

arsenal  to  be  established  at 591 

Combs, 

to  be  provided  for  the  Army 262 


INDEX.  713 

Commander  in  Chief  (see  George  Washington),  Page. 

committee  appointed  to  confer  with,  on  retrenchment  of  expenses 14 

recommended  that  business  of  repairing  coats  be  considered  a  primary 

object 22 

empowered  to  furlough  general  and  staff  officers  not  necessary  for  the 

troops  remaining  in  service 23 

to  regulate  issue  of  forage 58, 151 

appointment  of  brigade  majors  by  the,  limited  to  captains  of  the  brigade.        60 

assistants  to  the  Adjutant-General  to  be  approved  by  the 61 

to  make  regulations  for  the  musters  of  troops 95 

may  increase  allowance  of  wagons  and  bathorses 95, 172, 186 

to  appoint  inspectors  and  subinspectors  to  militia  in  active  service 96 

regulate  time,  place,  and  mode  of  inspections 100 

appoint  a  wagon  master  and  master  carpenter  and  fix  their  pay 141 

fix  allowance  of  forage 151 

order  building  of  storehouses  and  stockaded  barracks  at  places  where  a 

capital  magazine  is  established 152 

arrange  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to  the  westward 160 

authorized  to  enlist  a  corps  of  wagoners 161, 162 

to  incorporate  corps  of  wagoners  with  the  line  of  the  Army 164 

designate  places  of  deposit  for  the  States'  quotas  of  supplies 166 

regulate  issue  of  clothing  to  Avagoners 182 

issue  of  forage  to  the 187 

baggage  wagons  and  bathorses  for  the 186 

to  form  and  fix  magazines  of  provisions 245 

offered  reward  for  best  substitute  for  shoes 274 

authorized  to  determine  the  ration  to  be  issued  to  troops 288 

to  arrange  the  Commissary  Department  to  the  westward 292 

nomination,  by  the  director  of  hospital  and  chief  physician  and  surgeon, 
of  surgeons  not  belonging  to  any  State  line,  subject  to  approval  of  the. .       395 

to  form  and  fix  magazines  of  military  stores 541 

with  the  commander  of  artillery,  to  arrange  all  business  of  the  Ordnance 

Department  necessary  to  be  done  in  the  field 556 

to  make  a  return  of  the  officers  in  the  Engineer  Department 492 

direct  what  clothing  shall  be  issued  to  artificers 564 

be  furnished  with  returns  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 565 

appoint  a  commissary  of  prisoners 650 

mentioned 150, 

151, 158, 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172,  173,  174,  179, 180, 181, 185, 186, 242, 
245, 251, 254, 255,  257, 258,  259,  260,  261,  266,  270,  282,  283, 284, 287,  293, 
294,  295, 300, 301,  305, 307, 314,  316,  318,  319, 320, 321,  322,  323, 324,  325, 
363,  366, 368,  370, 372,  380, 384,  335, 386,  393, 395, 396, 398,  448, 451,  488, 
490,  491,  493,  495,  541,  555,  556,  557,  558,  559,  560,  563,  564,  566,  567 
Commerce, 

observations  and  signals  for  the  benefit  of 614 

Commissary  Department  (see  Subsistence  Department), 

pay,  etc.,  to  certain  employees  in  the 244,  245 

respecting  supervision  of  the 274,  291 

transmission  of  funds  for  the 283 

(See  Certificates.  ) 

Commander  in  Chief  to  arrange  the,  westward 292 

States  requested  to  inquire  into  conduct  of  all  persons  in  .the 297 

report  on  condition  of  the 327, 328 

mentioned 255 

Co\lMl>SARV-<iK\ERAL   OF   ClOTHINO, 

to  supply  the  Army  with  combs 262 

(  '(>\IMIss.\|{Y-(  iKNKRAL  OF  FORAGE  (see  PAY;  RATIONS ), 

appointed  in  the  main  Army 152 

to  supply  forage  for  horses  of  mem  hers  of  Congress 164 

Commissary-General  of  Issues  (see  Pay), 

authorized L'54 

appointed 268 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 261 

duties  of 2">"),  266, 

267,  268,  260,  262,  268,  289,  275,  287,  290,  291,  305,  306,  821,  826,  8 13 
mentioned 266,279,300,303 


714  INDEX. 

Commissary-General  of  Issues — Continued.  Page. 

deputy,  authorized 254,  264, 269, 271, 272 

appointed 263,  264, 265, 266, 272, 278, 291 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 261 

mentioned 269, 279 

Commissary-General  of  Military  Stores  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

<  authorized 551 

appointed 565 

duties  of 546, 548, 551 

mentioned 155, 557 

Commissary-General  of  Musters  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized . 633 

appointed 634 

duties  of 633 

mentioned 252, 634 

and  assistants  granted  one  year's  pay 636 

deputy,  appointed 635 

Commissary-General  of  Ordnance, 

authorized 576 

duties  of 577, 578, 579 

letters  etc. ,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 579 

Commissary-General  of  Prisoners  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Clothing), 

appointed 639,  641,  648 

duties  of 549,  639,  640,  641,  642,  644,  645,  647,  649 

to  be  informed  Congress  disapproves  of  partial  exchanges 643 

reside  at  Army  headquarters 644 

mentioned 291, 639,  641 

Commissary-General  of  Purchases  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Bond), 

authorized 254,  281,  316, 334, 339 

appointed 265,  283, 303 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 261 

keep  his  office  where  Congress  shall  sit 261 

not  obliged  to  reside  at  place  where  Congress  sits 283 

duties  of 255,  257,  260, 262, 264,  268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 281,  282, 283, 284, 

285, 287, 288, 289,  290, 291, 299, 300, 302, 305, 312, 316, 317, 326, 334, 336, 343 
(see  Certificates.  ) 

not  to  be  interested  in  trade 334,  335 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 335 

mentioned 273, 275, 278, 279, 289, 300,  316,  317,  335,  336, 337, 448, 641 

office  of,  abolished 342 

assistant,  authorized 284 

to  reside  at  Army  headquarters 284 

not  to  be  interested  in  trade 335 

mentioned 317 

deputy,  authorized 254, 264, 269, 271 ,  272, 304, 316, 334 

appointed 265, 266, 273 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 261 

duties  of 254, 

256,  257,  260,  264,  269,  270,  273,  282,  284,  293,  317, 334,  336,  361 
(see  Certificates.  ) 

funds  for  the  deputy,  in  Georgia , 450 

deputy,  mentioned 278,299,302,641 

Commissary-General  of  Stores  and  Purchases  (see  Pay;  Forage), 

authorized ". 239 

appointed 239 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 239 

'      duties  of 152, 158, 240,  245,  246, 247,  249, 250,  254 

to  deliver  all  stores  to  Commissary-General  of  Issues 255 

and  deputies  entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Yorktown  capitulation 19 

mentioned 251 

deputy,  authorized 239,  243 

appointed 243 

duties  of 240,245,248,251 

Commissary-General  of  Subsistence  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 338,339,345,348,350 

to  give  bond  and  not  to  be  concerned  in  trade 338 

how  appointed 349, 352 


INDEX.  715 

Commissary-General  of  Subsistence — Continued.  Page. 

duties  of 338,347 

letters  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 339, 340 

ex  officio  commissioner  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 343, 352,  353 

mentioned 340, 352 

assistant,  authorized 341,346,348,349,350 

(  o.MMISSARY    OF   ARMY   ACCOUNTS, 

duties  of  Paymaster-General  merged  with  those  of  the 457 

Commissary  of  artillery  (see  Pay), 

authorized ' 536 

aj  (pointed 536 

member  of  subordinate  board  of  ordnance 553 

Commissary  of  clothing  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 246,247,248 

appointed 248 

assistants  to  the,  authorized 247 

Commissary  of  forage  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Baggage  wagons;  Bathorses), 

authorized 148, 155, 169 

appointed 179 

duties  of 155, 158, 169, 170 

mentioned 148, 150, 155, 159,  288 

assistant,  authorized 169 

duties  of 158,169,170 

Commissary  of  hides  (see  Pay)  , 

authorized 263,  297 

appointed 263,265 

duties  of 263, 270, 271, 274, 547 

mentioned 285, 291,  297, 321 

assistants,  authorized 298 

Commissary  of  hospitals  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Clothing), 

authorized 370 

Commissary  of  issues  (see  Pay;  Forage), 

authorized 264,  280,  285, 337 

appointed 245, 248, 249,  252 

duties  of 98,  258,  259,  260,  261,  267,  270,  281,  306,  311,  376,  382, 562,  565 

mentioned 246,263,293,296,641 

Commissary  of  military  stores  (see  Field  commissary  of  military  stores), 

authorized 551, 560, 567, 568 

appointed 542,  545, 549 

not  to  dispose  of  stores  without  order  of  Congress 568 

in  Pennsylvania  to  return  certain  bills 569 

(see  Pay;  Baggage  wagons), 

mentioned 263, 547, 551, 566,  567 

deputy,  mentioned 571 

Commissary  of  musters  (see  Pay), 

authorized 631 

Commissary  of  ordnance  (see  Pay), 

deputy,  authorized 576,  579 

duties  of 577 

(  ommissary  of  ordnance  stores, 

appointed 549 

Commissary  of  prisoners  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage  wagons;  Bat- 
horses), 

salary  of,  to  be  fixed  by  commander  in  chief 639 

authorized 639,648,650 

duties  of 639,644 

order  of,  sufficient  for  issue  of  provisions 278, 641 

mentioned 650 

deputy,  authorized 639 

appointed (HI 

duties  of 649 

Commissary  of  pirciiasks  (see  Pay;  Baggage  wagons), 

authorized 280, 336 

appointed 4 286 

to  take  oath  of  office 284 

duties  of 256,  284,  31 7 

allowances  to 281,  283 


716  INDEX. 

Commissary  of  purchases — Continued.  Page. 

mentioned 247, 307,  318 

deputy,  authorized 334, 337 

duties  of 334 

to  give  bonds 335 

mentioned 335 

assistant,  authorized 304,  317 

appointed 282 

duties  of 282,  305 

allowances  to  certain 264,  282 

Commissary  of  stores  (see  Pay), 

duties  of 246 

mentioned 246 

deputy,  authorized 247,  248, 251 

mentioned 247 

assistant,  appointed 250 

Commissary  of  stores  and  provisions, 

Connecticut  to  appoint  a 239 

appointed 239,243,245 

Commissary  of  subsistence  (see  Rank;  Pay), 

authorized 340,341,342,344,345,348,349,350 

to  give  bonds 342 

to  be  examined  as  to  qualifications 346 

number  of,  reduced 350, 355 

mentioned 355,  356 

assistant,  authorized 339,  342 

not  separated  from  the  line 341 

to  give  bonds 342 

be  examined  as  to  qualifications 346 

Commissary  for  horses  and  wagons, 

authorized . .  .* 165 

Commissary  sergeants, 

authorized 349,  350, 351 ,  357 

Commission  (see  Mississippi  River  Commission;  Missouri  River  Commission; 

California  Debris  Commission;  Deep  Waterways  Commission). 
Commission  (Army), 

in  every,  ' '  United  States ' '  to  replace  ' '  United  Colonies  " 11 

form  of,  for  staff  officers 14 

Commission, 

officers  of  Quartermaster's  Department  receiving  a,  not  entitled  to  pay  or 

rations 162 

allowed  to  Commissary-General  of  Purchases 243, 2S1 ,  304 

superintendents  for  purchase  of  flour 280 

deputy  paymasters-general 454 

Commissioner  of  Pensions, 

to  pay  commutation  for  artificial  limbs 425,  432 

Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds, 

office  of,  abolished;  duties  of,  by  whom  performed 511 

duties  of 510, 511, 512 

Commissioner  of   Bureau   of   Refugees   and   Freedmen   (see   Pay;    Bonds; 
Oath  of  Office), 

authorized 655 

duties  of 655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662 

mentioned 660 

assistant,  authorized 655,  656 

how  appointed 662 

duties  of 657,  658 

army  officers  not  entitled  to  extra  pay  for  duty  as 656 

detailed  as,  may  be  retained 661 

Commissioners  (see  Engineer  Commissioner;  Soldiers'  Home). 
Committees  of  Congress  (see  Cannon;  Medical;  Secret  Committees), 

to  extract  from  the  journals  all  resolutions  relative  to  the  Army 14 

confer  with  General  Washington  on  means  of  retrenching  expenses 14 

consider  a  report  for  a  further  allowance  to  officers  of  the  Army 15 

confer  with  General  Washington  to  perfect  arrangement  of  staff  depart- 
ments          17 


INDEX.  7 17 

Committees  of  Congress — Continued.  i'&ge. 

to  confer  with  Mr.  du  Coudray 87 

define  powers  to  be  granted  and  exercised  by  Mr.  du  Coudray 87 

purchase  woolen  goods  for  the  use  of  the  Army 142-240 

materials  for  watch  coats 142-241 

consider  plan  for  providing  carriages  for  the  public  service 145 

confer  with  General  Washington  on  improvement  of  present  state  of 

the  army  in  Philadelphia 146-249 

in  Philadelphia  to  inform  the  Quartermaster-General  of  number  of  horses 

and  oxen  fit  for  service 147 

in  conjunction  with  General  Washington  to  make  appointments  for  the 

Quartermaster's  Department 155 

to  extract  from  the  journals  the  regulations  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment         157 

superintend  the  Quartermaster's  Department 159 

on  Quartermaster's  Department,  increased 163, 164 

discharged 165 

to  inquire  into  easiest  methods  of  making  salt 239 

devise  ways  and  means  for  providing  clothing 246 

provide  the  northern  army  with  provisions 246 

employ  persons  to  purchase  blankets  and  woolens 247 

on  clothing,  increased 247 

the  Commissary  Department,  increased 253,  282,  298, 299,  300 

Commissary  Department,  and  to  devise  means  for  supplying  the  Army 

with  fresh  beef,  consolidated 253 

to  devise  ways  and  means  for  obtaining  a  supply  of  salt 254 

report  of  committee  on  the  Treasury 267 

to  confer  with  Mr.  Wadsworth  respecting  office  of  commissary-general  of 

purchases 283 

extract  from  the  journals  the  regulations  of  the  commissary's  and 

clothier's  departments 286 

marine  committee,  mentioned 287,  300 

to  superintend  the  Commissary  Department 291 

on  the  clothier's  department,  increased 291 

departments  of  purchases  and  issues,  discharged 303 

to  report  on  method  of  establishing  an  hospital /     363 

devise  ways  and  means  for  obtaining  medicines 364, 367 

relative  to  purchase  of  medical  stores  by  the 364,  367 

to  forward  medical  stores,  etc.,  to  certain  points 365,  367,  368 

procure  medicines,  increased 365, 366 

inquire  into  abuses  in  the  Medical  Department 368 

report  of,  on  the  Treasury  '. .• 450 

on  the  Treasury,  mentioned 452, 453 

to  repair  to  the  camp,  mentioned 485 

consider  ways  and  means  to  obtain  ammunition  and  military  stores 535 

devise  ways  and  means  to  introduce  manufacture  of  saltpeter 535 

make  inquiries  relative  to  lead  and  leaden  ores 536, 537 

advise  General  Schuyler  to  purchase  arms  of  sick  officers  and  soldiers  .       537 

contract  for  making  muskets  and  bayonets 539,  541 

devise  ways  and  means  to  encourage  manufacture  of  saltpeter,  sulphur, 

etc 540 

consider  plan  for  an  artillery  yard 544 

procure  steel  and  nail  rods 545 

reports  of 145, 146, 153, 155, 190, 250, 282, 287, 310,  326,  363, 555, 569 

Commutation  (nee  Subsistence  money;  Half  pay), 

rate  of,  for  rations 11, 

14, 18, 20,  25, 26, 31, 35, 185,  261,  323,  325, 333, 379, 470, 575, 681 

resecting,  of  forage 18,  21, 25, 27, 33, 40, 67, 68,  70,  71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128 

rations 19,67,104 

not  allowed  to  officers  neglecting  to  draw  rations 21 

officers  furnished  quarters  in  kind  not  entitled  to  increased 36 

for  fuel  prohibited 41 

of  rations  may  be  paid  to  soldiers  held  prisoner*  of  war 348 

Com  nutation  money, 

may  be  paid  by  drafted  men 671, 674 

n<  >t  accepted  unless  from  iioncombatants 677 


718  INDEX. 

Companies  (see  Green  and  Barren  River  Navigation  Company;  Monon- 
gahela  Navigation  Company;  Portage  Lake  and  River  Company  Canal; 
Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Railway  and  Iron  Company  Canal)  . 

Compensation,  P&ge. 

to  owners  of  slaves  enlisted 676 

Conductor  of  artillery, 

authorized 576 

appointed 539 

Conductor  of  military  stores  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 551 

appointed 568 

duties  of 551 

to  be  appointed  to  each  brigade  . .. 559 

(see  Field  commissary  of  military  stores;  Brigade  quartermasters.) 

Conductor  of  wagons  (see  Wagon  master;  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 171, 186 

how  appointed 167 

mentioned 145, 182 

Confederate  States, 

respecting  land,  buildings,  etc. ,  held  by  the  late 658 

Congress,  Continental  (see  Thanks  of  congress;  Resolves  of  congress), 

reserved  power  of  appointment  or  promotion 11 

distribution  of  the  journals  of - . .  63,  99 

care  of  horses  of  members  of 156, 164, 179 

issues  of  stores  to  members  of 153,  269 

discontinued 166, 306 

member  of,  to  visit  hospitals  in  middle  department 376 

Connecticut, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

magazines  of  provisions  to  be  established  in 157 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 1 66 

provisions 306,  307,  312 

in  stores,  when  deliverable 314 

authorities  of,  requested  to  appoint  commissaries 239 

assist  in  procuring  transportation 272,  275 

furnish  flour 304 

cattle 310 

collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

provisions  furnished  by,  how  paid  for 307 

respecting  the  Salisbury  Iron  Works  in 549 

Connor,  Morgan, 

to  act  as  Adjutant-General  pro  tempore. . . : .' 57 

mentioned. - 51, 58 

Contagious  diseases  (see  Clothing), 

respecting  hospital  for 368 

Contingent  fund  (see  Portage), 

restriction  on  expenditure  of f 684 

Contractors, 

necessary,  to  be  appointed ■_  _       167 

allowances  to 191 

offering  bribes,  how  punished. 216 

employment  of,  not  desirable  for  supplying  the  Northern  army 251 

duties  of,  supplying  rations 322 

respecting  settlement  with ; 454 

pay  of  the,  at  Carlisle,  Pa 549 

Contracts  (see  Inspector  of  contracts), 

how  made 29, 177, 191, 193, 195,  203, 208,  209, 225,  309,  328,  331, 338,  339, 

343, 344,  352,  402, 403, 415, 431, 507, 508, 516,  571, 575, 589, 599,  617 

report  on  system  of  supplying  the  Army  by 170, 191 

performance  of,  for  subsistence  of  the  Army 327, 328 

where  to  be  deposited 194,331,404,575 

for  casting  cannon 540, 542,  546, 554, 565 

for  subsistence  of  Southern  army 248 

all,  for  casting  cannon  to  be  turned  over  to  the  Board  of  War 547 

respecting  manufacture  of  arms  by 588 

uniformity  in  making 509,  686,  687 

restriction  on  the  making  of 225,  352,  432, 517, 599,  617 


INDEX.  719 

Contract  surgeons  (See  Mileage),  Page. 

authorized 436,  438 

number  of 428 

limitation  on  number  of,  suspended 428 

to  attend  families  of  officers  and  men 433 

Converse,  Thomas, 

to  do  duty  of  brigade-major  pro  tempore 63 

inspector 99, 100 

Conway,  Thomas, 

appointed  major-general 88 

mentioned 58,  59,  60, 85,  88,  89, 91 

Cooke, , 

mentioned 146 

Cooking, 

Medical  officers  to  assist  in  supervision  of,  for  the  men 420 

Cooks, 

ten,  allowed  in  the  signal  corps 626 

Cooper,  Samuel, 

mentioned .. 52 

Coopers, 

authorized 261,  275 

pay  of,  by  whom  regulated 262 

mentioned 305 

Copeland,  Asa, 

appointment  of,  as  conductor  of  artillery,  confirmed 568 

Copper,  • 

Governor  of  Virginia  requested  to  purchase 544 

Corbin,  Henry  C, 

mentioned 52 

Corn  (see  Indian  Corn). 

Cornell,  E., 

mentioned 564 

Cornell,  Ezekiel, 

appointment  of,  as  inspector  for  main  army  announced 324 

mentioned 324 

Cornets, 

subsistence  money  to,  of  horse 299 

Corporals, 

armorers,  carriage  makers,  and  blacksmiths  to  be  designated  as 590 

Corps  of  artificers  (see  Artificers), 

how  organized 198 

Corps  of  Engineers  (see  Engineering  Department;  Chief  of  Engineers), 

uniform  of  the 18 

organized 490,497,510,513,527,528,529 

increased 498, 502, 503,  508,  509 

commandant  of  the,  by  whom  appointed 490 

appointed 491 

how  selected 498 

(see  Shirts;  Linen.) 

returns  of  the  officers  of  the,  to  be  made 492 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half-pay 495 

memorial  on  necessity  for  a 495 

to  constitute  a  military  academy 497,  498 

professors  attached  to  the 497, 498 

enlisted  men  in  the,  authorized 497 

(see  Board  of  Engineers;  Engineer  officers;  Engineer  soldiers.) 

retained 499 

assistant  in  the,  authorized 499, 500 

(see  Paymasters.  ) 
respecting  appointments  and  promotions  in  the 511,512,519 

Cokps  of  Topographical  Engineers  (see  Vacancies), 

organized 502 

increased 508, 509 

special  duties  assigned  to  colonel  of  the 505 

details  of  officers  of  the 503,505 

abolished 509 


720  INDEX. 

Couloux  and  Penet,  (Messrs.),  v&ge. 

mentioned 555 

contract  with 555 

Court-martial, 

respecting  depositions  in  trials  by 125, 133 

attendance  of  civilian  witnesses 125, 130, 132, 133 

duties  of  the  judge-advocate  of  a 129, 133, 134 

Cowan,  Isaac, 

commissioned  captain  of  artillery 549 

to  receive  additional  pay 550 

mentioned 550, 560 

Cox,  John, 

appointed  assistant  quartermaster-general 156 

to  employ  a  deputy  to  attend  Congress 156 

Cox,  Richard, 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade  major 65 

mentioned 66 

Craig,  Henry  K., 

mentioned 534 

Craig,  James, 

mentioned 362 

Craighill,  William  P., 

mentioned 483 

Craigie,  Andrew, 

elected  apothecary 389 

snentioned .  _       362 

Craik,  James, 

elected  chief  hospital  physician 389 

appointed  chief  physician  and  surgeon 392 

mentioned 362,  392 

Crane,  Charles  H., 

mentioned 362 

Crane,  Stephen, 

member  of  committee 239,  536 

Crawford,  William, 

mentioned 59 

Crawford,  William  H., 

mentioned 5 

Credit, 

respecting  purchase  of  rations  on 687 

Credits, 

respecting,  in  drafts  ordered 678, 679 

Creditors, 

settlement  of  claims  of 178,  309,  318 

payments  to  disloyal,  forbidden 424, 472, 511 ,  592,  686,  687 

Crocket,  James, 

mentioned 593 

Croghan,  George, 

appointed  brigade  major 61 

inspector 89, 94 

mentioned 86 

Crook,  Joseph, 

appointed  to  superintend  the  hospital  at  New  Windsor 400 

Cuba, 

pay  of  officers  in,  increased 47 

issue  of  public  stores  to  destitute  inhabitants  of 231,  356 

arms,  etc. ,  to  the  people  of 604 

Cumberland  road, 

mentioned 501 

Cumming,  William, 

mentioned 140 

Cushing,  Nathaniel, 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade-major 66 

Cushing,  Samuel  T., 

mentioned 338 

Cushing,  Thomas  H., 

mentioned 52,  86 


INDEX.  721 

CUSTOH-HOUSB,  Page. 
respecting  compensation  of  topographical  engineer  charged  with  construc- 
tion of,  at  New  Orleans 505 

Cutter,  Ammi  Ruhamah, 

elected  physician -general  of  hospital  in  Eastern  Department 374 

resignation  accepted 378 

mentioned 361 

CVyi.er,  Jacob, 

elected  deputy  commissary-general  of  prisoners 262 

D. 

Dabney,  Charles, 

to  superintend  the  hospitals  in  Jersey 380 

mentioned 380 

Dalecarlia  Reservoir, 

mentioned 526 

Dallam,  Richard, 

elected  deputy  paymaster-general  for  the  flying  camp 446 

Dalton,  Peter  Roe, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Damages, 

willful,  to  clothing,  how  punished 182,  205, 321 

cost  of,  to  arms  or  public  supplies,  how  assessed 501, 515, 580,  687, 689 

Dana,  Francis, 

member  of  committee 283 

Davidson,  John, 

appointed  brigade-major 62 

Da  vies,  William, 

to  do  the  duty  of  adjutant-general  pro  tempore 61,  94 

attached  on  the  march  to  General  Sterling's  division 60, 90 

appointed  to  act  as  subinspector 89 

resigned 146 

appointed  deputy  muster-master-general  for  the  flying  camp 632 

Davis,  Nelson  H., 

reappointment  of,  in  the  Inspector-General's  Department  authorized 113 

mentioned 86 

Davis,  Robert, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Day,  Benjamin, 

appointed  brigade-major 57 

Dayton,  Elias, 

member  of  committee 326 

mentioned 190,  569 

Dayton,  Elias,  (Colonel) 

mentioned 59 

Deane,  Silas, 

member  of  committee 239,  240, 535, 536, 537 

mentioned 87, 142,  488 

Dkarborne, , 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster  to  the  main  army 182 

de  Bouilli, , 

mentioned 90 

de  Borre,  Prud'  Homme, 

mentioned 58, 59 

De  Bhahm,  Ferdinand, 

appointed  engineer  with  rank  of  major 488 

promoted  lieutenant-colonel 495 

services  dispensed  with <<. 495 

Debts, 

dues  to  the  Government  for  moneys  received,  how  paid 310 

De  Butts,  Henry, 

mentioned : 51, 85 

Deep  Waterways  Commission, 

respecting  pay  of  engineer  member  of  the 528 

Deerskins, 

purchase  of 153,  246,  274 

S.  Doc.  229 46 


722  INDEX. 

Deficiencies  (see  Damages).  Page- 

De  Gouvion,  Jean  Baptiste  Obrey, 

appointed  major  of  engineers 487 

lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Army 488 

to  take  command  of  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners 492 

receive  the  brevet  of  colonel 494 

granted  leave  of  absence  for  six  months 494 

having  served  with  distinguished  merit,  has  leave  to  retire  from  the  service 
of  the  United  States 495 

mentioned 489, 491 

De  Hass,  John  P., 

mentioned 58,  59 

De  Kalb,  John, 

mentioned 90, 154 

De  la  Balme,  Mottin, 

appointed  inspector-general  of  cavalry 87 

mentioned 8? ,  87 

resigned , 87 

de  La  Fayette,  Marie  Jean  Paul  Joseph  Yves  Gilbert  du  Motier, 

mentioned 60, 90,  9j .  100 

Delafield,  Richard, 

mentioned 483 

DE  LA  NEUVILLE,  Sr.,  NoiRMONT, 

appointed  inspector  of  the  Army  under  General  Gates 90 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to 90 

mentioned - 90 

De  la  Neuville,  Jr.,  Noirmont, 

to  have  rank  of  major  by  brevet 92 

allowed  pay  and  subsistence  of  a  major 94 

mentioned 91 

De  la  Radiere,  Baileul, 

appointed  colonel  of  engineers 487 

colonel 488 

mentioned 489 

De  Laumoy, , 

appointed  colonel  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  as  engineer 488 

having  served  with  distinguished  merit,  has  leave  to  retire  from  the  serv- 
ice of  the  United  States 495 

mentioned 488, 489, 491 

Delaware, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

authorities  of,  requested  to  impress  certain  supplies 158,  289 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

provisions 306,  313 

provisions  furnished  by,  when  deliverable 315 

respecting  purchase  of  flour  in 287 

to  furnish  flour 303, 304 

cattle 310 

Delaware  River, 

respecting  improvement  of  the 528 

Delezeume,  Joseph, 

to  report  why  he  assumed  command  of  the  sappers  and  miners  at  West 

Point 495 

De  Murnand,  John  Barnard, 

appointed  major  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 490 

Denny,  Ebenezer, 

mentioned 51 

Dent,  James  T., 

mentioned 121 

Dental  surgeons, 

authorized ;  how  appointed 438 

Department  of  Education, 

Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings,  etc.,  to  furnish  offices  for  the 511 

Department  of  Issues, 

placed  under  superintendency  of  the  Board  of  War 302, 303 

Resolves  of  Congress  respecting  the,  repealed 318 

Department  of  Military  Stores, 

report  on  state  of  the 560 


INDEX.  723 

Department  of  Military  Stores — Continued.  Page. 

pay  and  appointments  of  officers  of  the 562 

artificers  of  the,  in  Pennsylvania  to  be  removed  to  Carlisle 562 

inspection  of  the,  to  the  Eastward 564 

certain  resolves  of  Congress  respecting  the,  repealed 567 

chief  of  the,  to  submit  property  returns 569 

Department  of  Purchases, 

to  be  superintended  by  the  Board  of  War 302,  303 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

supervision  of  the  Potomac  waterworks  transferred  to  the 509 

Departments  (see  Staff  Departments;  Military  Departments). 
Dependent, 

No  one  to  be  deemed,  who  is  able  to  find  employment . 657 

Depositions, 

may  be  taken  in  cases  not  capital 125 

Depots, 

of  forage,  where  established 170 

Quartermaster-General  to  establish 214 

inspection  of  certain  quartermasters 217 

an  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  to  be  assigned  to  principal .  231,  232 

Commissary  Department  to  be  assigned  to  principal 348 

of  arms,  etc.,  to  be  established 580 

Depreciation, 

respecting,  of  continental  bills  of  credit 17 

De  Rochefontaine,  Bechet, 

appointed  captain  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 489 

to  receive  the  brevet  of  major 494 

Deserters, 

officers  leaving  their  posts  before  acceptance  of  resignation  deemed 32,  33 

drafted  men  failing  to  report  deemed 669, 678 

expenses  of  arrest  of,  how  paid 669 

Desertion, 

abettors  of,  by  substitutes,  how  punished 679 

Des  Plaines  River,  III., 

respecting  improvement  of  the 528 

D'Estaing, , 

mentioned 287,  289, 642 

Destitute, 

no  one  to  be  deemed,  who  is  able  to  find  employment 657 

Details, 

regulates,  for  service  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 81 ,  82 

Inspector-General's  Department 117, 118 

Judge- Ad voca te-General'  s  Department 1 34, 

135, 136 

Quartermaster's  Department 233,  234 

Subsistence  Department 357,  358 

Medical  Department 439 

Pay  Department 478, 479 

Ordnance  Department 606 

Signal  Corps 626, 627 

respecting,  of  Pennsylvania  militiamen  as  bakers 264 

regimental  surgeons  for  duty  in  hospitals 373, 384 

.    naval  olhcers 500 

for  ambulance  duty 420 

duty  as  acting  hospital  stewards 434 

of  engineer  officers 500, 501, 502, 505, 511, 512, 513, 514, 517, 518, 

519, 520, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526,  527,  528 

soldiers 504, 514, 529 

for  Signal  Service 614, 616, 618,  619, 620, 621 

service  in  Weather  Bureau 622 

Detroit,  Mh  h., 

respecting  expedition  against  157, 286 

bridge  at  or  near 518,  520 

Detroit,  Riveh, 

respecting  construction  of  bridge  across  the 518, 520 

tunnel  under  the,  near  Detroit,  Mich 524 


724  .  INDEX. 

DeVillefranche,  Page. 

appointed  major  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 488 

promoted  to  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  by  brevet 495 

De  Vrecourt,  , 

appointed  engineer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 487 

DeWitt,  Simeon, 

appointed  geographer 492 

mentioned 484 

Dexter,  David, 

appointed  to  act  as  brigade-major 56 

Dexter,  John  Singer, 

appointed  assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General 61 

mentioned 64 

DeWormser, , 

mentioned 90 

Dickinson,  John, 

member  of  committee 537 

Diet, 

sick,  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Surgeon-General 417 

Dike, 

respecting,  between  Reedy  Island  and  Listons  Point,  Pa 526 

Dimon,  David, 

appointment  of,  as  brigade-major  confirmed 54 

Director  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

and  sub  authorized  for  company  of  artificers 186 

bakers 281 

Director  of  Hospital  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage  Wagons;  Land), 

in  Virginia  appointed 365 

authorized 384 

appointed 390 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 390 

duties  of 366,383,384,385,387,388,390 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 394 

mentioned 386,392,397,399 

deputy,  authorized 392 

appointed 394 

duties  of 392 

(See  Medical  committee.  ) 

Director-general, 

authorized 370 

appointed 373,389 

duties  of 370, 371, 373, 374, 376,  377,  378, 379, 380, 381,  382, 383 

mentioned 369,371,372 

deputy  and  assistant  deputy  authorized 370,377 

appointed 374 

duties  of 370,371,372,373,374, 

377, 378, 379, 380,  381, 383 

Director-general  and  chief  physician, 

authorized 363 

appointed 364,367 

duties  of 363 

Disbursing  officers, 

to  make  reports  of  moneys  received  and  expended. .... 200,  336, 408, 462, 578 

Discharge, 

respecting,  of  officers  for  misconduct 12, 17 

supernumerary  staff  officers 14, 17, 46,  74, 175,  208, 379,  468, 586 

three  months'  pay  allowed  officers  on 27, 47 

travel  allowances  to  officers  on 47, 48 

order  for,  of  certain  staff  officers  recalled 74, 208, 413, 468, 469 

of  supernumerary  officers  in  barrackmaster's  department 166- 

State  authorities  empowered  to,  officers  in  commissary  department 297 

respecting,  of  men  in  hospitals 418, 420 

drafted  men 669 

minors 674 

of  artillery  artificers 563 

part  of  enlisted  force  of  the  Signal  Corps 622 

Diseases  (see  Venereal  diseases). 


INDEX.  725 

Dismissals,  Page. 

Quartermaster-General  empowered  to  make 150, 151 

of  officers  failing  at  examination 212,  347, 471, 591 

for  improper  use  of  ambulances 422 

Dispatches  (see  Telegraphic  dispatches)  . 

District  of  Columbia, 

mentioned 512, 515, 516, 519, 523, 524, 525,  527,  602 

District  Paymasters  (see  Pay;  Forage), 

authorized 460, 461 

to  give  bonds 460,461,463 

duties  of 460, 461, 463, 465 

allowance  to,  for  paying  militia 466 

mentioned 463 

assistant,  authorized 462 

to  give  bonds 463 

Districts  (see  Enrollment  Districts). 

Divisions  (see  Inspectors;  Military  Divisions), 

respecting  staff  of 45, 75,  79, 96, 106, 129, 151, 194, 203,  328,  420,  604,  633 

Doughty,  John, 

appointed  brigade  major 62 

Douglass, , 

mentioned 56 

Dow,  Alexander, 

promoted  captain  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 559 

Draft, 

by  whom  made 668,  670,  677 

respecting  exemptions  from 672, 674 

enlistments  in  Southern  States  under  a,  how  credited 677 

in  districts  may  be  made  for  double  the  number  of  men  required 677 

Draft  animals, 

number  of,  limited 228*229 

Drafted  Men, 

may  furnish  substitutes  or  pay  commutation  money 669,  671,  679 

claims  of,  to  exemption 669, 674 

allowed  traveling  pay 669 

furnishing  substitutes  to  receive  a  certificate  of  discharge 670 

may  enlist  in  the  Navy 671,  672 

allowed  transportation  in  lieu  of  traveling  pay 678 

to  serve  on  desertion  of  their  substitutes 680 

Dragoons  (see  Horses), 

uniform  of  light 16 

respecting  clothing  for  the 330, 332,  334 

Draper,  George, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Drawing, 

a  teacher  of,  to  be  attached  to  Corps  of  Engineers 497 

Drayton,  Stephen, 

elected  deputy  quartermaster-general  for  the  Southern  Department 159 

Drayton,  'William  Henry, 

member  of  committee 15,  283,  457 

Drew,  Seth, 

to  do  duty  of  inspector 100 

Drovers, 

pay  of,  by  whom  regulated 262 

mentioned 305 

Druggist, 

appointed 367 

Dsum,  Richard  C, 

mentioned 52 

Drumheads, 

sheepskins  and  calf  skins  to  be  saved  for 31 1 ,  562 

Duane,  James, 

member  of  committee 14, 15, 87, 253, 488 

mentioned 102, 127 

Duaxe,  James  C, 

mentioned 483 

Dv  Barry,  Beek.man, 

mentioned 238 


726  INDEX. 

Du  Cambray, ,  Page. 

annexed  to  Corps  of  Engineers  with  rank  and  pay  of  lieutenant-colonel..       489 

granted  leave  for  twelve  months 494 

promoted  to  rank  of  colonel  by  brevet 495 

Duck, 

to  be  made  up  into  tents ' 179, 181, 182 

Du  Coudray,  Philip  Charles  Jean  Baptiste  Tronson, 

appointed  inspector-general  of  ordnance  and  military  manufactories,  with 

rank  of  major-general 548 

appointed  inspector-general  of  ordnance  and  military  stores 87 

mentioned 85,  87,  488, 534 

DULUTH, 

respecting  harbor  of 526 

Dunn,  Isaac  Budd, 

appointed  brigade  major 56 

to  act  as  adjutant-general  pro  tempore 57 

mentioned 57 

Du  Portail,  Louis  Le  Begue, 

appointed  colonel  of  engineers " 487 

to  take  rank  and  command  of  all  engineers  heretofore  appointed 487 

appointed  brigadier-general 488 

to  have  rank  of  major-general 494 

granted  leave  of  absence  for  six  months 494 

having  served  with  distinguished  merit,  has  leave  to  retire  from  service  in 

the  United  States 495 

mentioned ...  483,  488,  489,  490,  491 

Durant,  Thomas, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Duval,  — , 

appointed  to  act  as  brigade  major 59 

Du  Veil, -, 

to  be  commissioned  captain  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

Dyer,  Alexander  B., 

mentioned 534 

Dyer,  Eliphalet, 

member  of  committee 283,  364 

Dyer,  Thomas, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 55 

Dunn,  William  McK., 

mentioned 121 

E. 

Eagan,  Charles  P., 

mentioned 238 

Eastern  Department, 

appointment  in  the,  of  officers  of  the  department  of  issues .-.  264, 269 

purchases 269 

Pay  Department •  446,  449 

Medical  Department 374 

supervision  of  medical  affairs  in  the 379 

Eastern  States, 

respecting  flour  for  the 288 

magazines  of  ammunition  to  be  formed  in  the 545 

Eaton,  Amos  B., 

mentioned 238 

Eayres,  Joseph, 

excused  from  further  service 561 

Edmonston,  Samuel, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surge<  m 395 

Educational  Division, 

of  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen  continued 661,  662 

Edwards,  Thomas, 

elected  judge-advocate 127 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 127 

appointed  deputy  judge-advocate 125 

allowed  additional  pay 126 

mentioned 121 


INDEX.  727 

Elaboratory  {see  Laboratory).  Page. 

Election  District, 

how  construed  for  purposes  of  enrollment 676 

Ellery,  William, 

member  of  committee "   247 

Elliott,  James. 

appointed  assistant.geographer  to  the  United  States 494 

mentioned 494,  495 

Elliot  and  Williams  (Messrs. ) 

mentioned 328 

Ellsworth,  Oliver, 

member  of  committee 14 

Embargo  {see  Exportation), 

on  provisions  in  North  Carolina 280 

general,  on  provisions,  live  stock,  etc : 286 

continued 289 

respecting  exemptions  from 289 

Embezzlement, 

means  to  prevent 149 

punishment  for 177,  308,  383, 561 

Emersov,  Moses, 

pay  and  rations  al  lowed  to,  as  storekeeper 244 

Emory,  Richard, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 59 

Employees, 

pay  of  certain,  in  the  department  of  issues 244 

Engineering  Department  {see  Corps  of  Engineers), 

three  companies  established  in  the 489 

Engineer  Commissioner, 

of  District  of  Columbia  may  be  detailed  from  Corps  of  Engineers 524 

water  department  to  be  under  the 519 

Engineer  of  the  Potomac  Waterworks, 

office  of,  abolished;  duties  of,  by  whom  performed 507 

Engineer  officers  {see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

detail  of 500,501,502,503,504,505,506,510,614 

allowances  to,  superintending  public  works 503 

disbursing  moneys  on  public  works  to  receive  no  compensation  therefor. .  503 
{See  Topographical  Engineers.) 

authorized 496 

appointed 486,  487,  488,  489,  490,  491 

authorized  for  the  Southern  Department 485 

no  longer  needed  to  be  f  urloughed 23 

not  subject  to  extra-professional  duty 498, 514 

in  charge  of  Library  building  to  receive  active  pay  of  his  grade 526 

respecting  appointment  of,  in  authorized  engineer  regiments 527 

pay  of,  member  of  deep  waterways  commission 528 

Engineer  soldiers  {see  Sappers  and  miners), 

companies  of,  added  to  Corps  of  P^igineers 508, 509 

to  form  a  battalion 510 

detail  of,  for  signal  duty 614,  616 

l.M.ROKSERS, 

States  to  authorize  seizure  of  goods,  etc.,  in  hands  of 273 

Enlisted  men  (see  Pay;  Clothing;  Rations;  Subsistence  money), 

respecting  purchase  of  articles  of  clothing  by 16, 142 

extra  pay  to,  detailed  for  quartermasters'  uses 145 

on  discharge  to  certain 47 

{see  Detail;  Blankets;  Venerevl  disease.) 

respecting  issue  of  rum  to 310 

discharge  of,  in  hospitals 418,  420 

enlisting  tor  the  war,  to  receive  a  suit  of  clothes 247 

authorized  for  the  Hospital  Corps 433,434 

Ordnance  Department 583 

Signal  < '« >rps 613, 615, 617, 618, 623, 625, 626 

uniform  of,  of  the  Ambulance  Corps 422 

•    I'risoners  ok   H  \K.  I 

respecting  mode  of  payment  to 476 

issue  of  tobacco  to 35 

may  wear  badges  of  corps  in  which  they  served 36,  39,  43,  48 


728  INDEX. 

Enlisted  men — Continued.  Page. 

provisions  of  pension  laws  apply  to,  of  the  staff  corps 208, 342,  413, 504, 586 

maimed,  may  receive  artificial  limbs 425, 432 

may  be  detailed  in  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen 657 

serving  in  Arctic  regions  entitled  to  commutation  of  quarters 690 

Enrolling  officers, 

authorized 668 

disabled  in  line  of  duty  entitled  to  pensions 680 

Enrollment, 

boards  of,  how  composed  and  their  duties 668 

of  men  may  be  made  by  classes 668 

by  classes  repealed 672 

men  exempt  from 672 

resistance  to,  how  punished 673 

foreigners  not  exempt  from .• 674 

revised 678 

Enrollment  districts, 

how  constituted 667 

President  to  assign  number  of  men  to  be  furnished  by 668 

Entrenching  tools, 

agent  authorized  for  purchase  of 155 

to  receive  and  care  for,  appointed 157 

Envelopes, 

special,  for  official  business 38 

Equipments, 

to  be  provided  for  a  body  of  horse 147 

the  Southern  army 563 

cost  of  repairs  or  damage  to,  against  whom  charged 580 

Erskine,  Robert, 

may  be  appointed  geographer  and  surveyor 448 

mentioned 1 484, 492 

Erwing,  John, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 272 

Estimates, 

to  be  lodged  at  the  war  office 20 

made  yearly  for  clothing  and  disbursements  for  same 319 

respecting,  of  hospital  stores 384 

ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 556 

Europe, 

United  States  agents  in,  to  effect  importation  of  salt 261 

Eustis,  William, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Everson,  George, 

commissioned  captain  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores 550 

Ewing,  George, 

appointed  commissary  of  hides 265 

mentioned 238 

Examination  (see  Medical  board), 

officers  under  rank  of  brigadier-general  subject  to,  before  promotion 44 

of  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 211 

Subsistence  Department 346 

Medical  Department 419,  429, 434, 436, 437 

Pay  Department 470 

Corps  of  Engineers 509,  514, 525 

Signal  Corps 623 

candidates  for  appointment  as  surgeon  or  mate 368 

assistant  surgeon 411,  429 

promotion  in  the  Hospital  Department 396 

civilians  for  appointment  as  paymasters 477 

officers  and  men  for  signal  duty 614,  616 

persons  for  position  of  hospital  steward 433 

Exchanges, 

partial  or  parole,  disapproved 643 

respecting 644 

when  may  be  made 644 

States  requested  to  make  no 645 

report  of,  to  be  made 647 

respecting,  of  marine  prisoners 650 

President  to  make  regulations  for,  of  prisoners  of  war 651 


INDEX.  729 

Executive  Mansion,  Page, 

respecting  extension  of  the ., 528 

Exemption, 

States  requested  to  grant,  from  militia  duty  in  certain  cases 277 

embargo 289 

persons  entitled  to,  from  draft 672 

claims  to,  from  draft,  how  made 674 

fraudulent,  from  draft,  how  punished 674 

persons  furnishing  substitutes  entitled  to,  from  service 679 

Exercises, 

respecting  system  of  military 89,  90,  92,  96 

1 '.  X  ('EDITION, 

respecting  proposed,  against  Detroit 157, 286 

Expenses, 

respecting  reduction  of  army 14 

inquiry  into,  of  the  staff  departments 17 

of  witnesses  before  courts-martial,  how  paid 125 

for  arrest  of  deserters,  by  whom  paid 669 

Experiments, 

respecting,  and  tests  of  heavy  ordnance 593 

Explorations, 

for  a  railroad  from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  Pacific  Ocean 506 

Exportation  (see  Embargo), 

of  salted  provisions  from  New  York  forbidden 245 

produce,  etc.,  for  arms  and  ammunition  authorized 536, 537, 539,  690 

ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  forbidden 573 

Expresses, 

Quartermaster-General  to  furnish  all  extraordinary 189 

Express  rider, 

entitled  to  one  wagon  or  two  bathorses 172 

Extortioners  (see  Engrossers), 

States  requested  to  authorize  seizure  of  clothing  held  by 277 

Extra  pay, 

to  officers  of  the  volunteer  staff  when  discharged 47 

enlisted  men  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers 512 

men  detailed  for  quartermasters'  uses 145 

Eysandeav,  William, 

appointed  to  superintend  the  general  military  hospital 394 

F. 
Factories  (see  Gun  Factories). 
Fairweather  Island,  Conn., 

works  on,  mentioned 504 

Fanski,  Adjutant, 

appointed  to  do  duty  as  brigade-major  pro  tempore 60 

Farnesworth,  Joseph, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  commissary 245 

Fakragut,  David  G., 

mentioned 614 

Ewssoux,  Peter, 

elected  chief  physician  of  the  hospital 394 

mentioned 362 

Feather  River,  Cal., 

relative  to  improvement  of  the 526 

Fees, 

respecting,  in  claims  for  exemption  from  draft 675 

Fellows,  John, 

mentioned 55, 56 

Few,  William, 

member  of  committee 326, 457 

mentioned 190, 569 

Field  artillery. 

jruns  for,  to  lx?  purchased 544 

captured  guns  to  be  mounted  if  fit  for 544 

respecting  purchase  of  copper,  etc.,  for  casting  brass 544 

Fl  KID  CONDUCTOR  OK    MILITARY  STORES  (see  1JAYJ    RATIONS;    FOBAOS), 

authorized 556,560,5(57 

duties  of 557, 558 


730  INDEX. 

Field  conductor  of  military  stores — Continued.  Page. 

to  be  appointed  to  each  brigade .• 559 

allowed  one  wagon  or  two  bathorses 559, 568 

mentioned 565 

deputy,  to  call  on  issuing  commissaries  for  sheepskins 565 

Finley,  Clement  A., 

mentioned 362 

Finney,  William, 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster-general 143 

Fire, 

measures  for  avoidance  of,  in  powder  magazines 566, 567 

Firearms  (see  Arms;  Muskets), 

continental  factory  of,  mentioned 541 

Firelocks  (nee  Muskets). 

Fish,  Nicholas, 

appointed  brigade  major 55 

inspector 89 

to  perform  the  duties  of  division  inspector 96 

mentioned 96 

Fisher,  Benjamin  F., 

mentioned 611 

Flag  of  truce, 

sending  of,  by  whom  authorized 644 

Flagler,  Daniel  W., 

mentioned ; 534 

Flags, 

respecting,  for  regiments 143 

signal,  by  whom  furnished 186 

Fleet, 

a  surgeon  to  be  appointed  for  the,  fitting  out  on  the  lakes 367 

French,  to  be  furnished  with  provisions 287 

mentioned 289 

Fleming,  Edward, 

appointed  deputy  adjutant-general 54 

Fleury,  Lewis, 

appointed  brigade  major 59 

attached,  on  the  march,  to  General  Lee's  division 60, 90 

to  act  as  subinspector 89 

voted  a  silver  medal 94 

sent  as  captain  of  engineers  to  General  Washington 487 

promoted  lieutenant-colonel 488 

mentioned 94, 100 

Flints, 

importation  of,  authorized 538 

employment  of  persons  to  manufacture,  authorized 541 

imported,  how  distributed 548,  546 

to  be  purchased 555 

Florida, 

rations  for  certain  inhabitants  of 341 

Flour  (see  Indian  meal;  Barrels), 

magazines  of,  to  be  established 157 

importation  of,  authorized 250,  278 

certain,  to  be  baked  into  biscuits .•-. 264 

may  be  issued  to  the  troops 267 

respecting  distribution  of  cargoes  of 271 

to  be  purchased 278,  280,  287 

respecting,  for  the  Eastern  States , 288 

States  requested  to  authorize  seizure  of,  in  hands  of  engrossers 287 

furnish 303,  304 

furnished  by  States,  how  paid  for 307 

part  of,  furnished  by  Maryland  may  be  retained  in  the  State 310 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 306,  312,  313 

when  deliverable 314, 315,  316 

mentioned 291 

Flour  barrels  (see  Barrels). 

Flower,  Benjamin, 

elected  commissary  of  military  stores  for  the  flying  camp 542 

to  purchase  200  rifles  and  accouterments 547 


INDEX.  731 

Flower,  Benjamin — Continued.  Page. 

mentioned 164,  533,  534,  550,  553,  554,  555,  559,  562,  564 

Flying  camp, 

assistant  to  deputy  quartermaster-general  to  the,  appointed 144 

medical  officers  appointed  for  the 366,  367 

deputy  paymaster-general  appointed  for  the 446 

commissary  of  military  stores  for  the,  appointed 542 

deputy  muster  master-general  for  the,  authorized 633 

appointed 632 

Flying  hospital, 

senior  surgeon  appointed  in  the 382 

Fogg,  Jeremiah, 

appointed  brigade-major. 65 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade-major 66 

Forage  (see  Commissary  op  forage;  Forage  masters), 

money  allowance  for 18,  21, 

25,  27,  28,  67,  68,  70,  71, 103, 104, 106, 108,  128, 192, 199,  402,  406,  407,  458 

allowance  to  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 57, 

63,64,65,66,71,188,189 

Inspector-General's  Department 94, 

95, 96, 102, 108, 188, 189 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 124, 

126, 127, 129, 188, 189 

Quartermaster's  Department 151, 

188, 189, 191, 196, 198, 199,  205,  206,  218,  224 
Commissary  Department . .  188, 254,  296, 305, 308, 317 
Medical  Department . .  189, 375, 388, 399, 400,  408,  411 

Pay  Department 188, 454, 456,  458,  459,  463 

Ordnance  Department 579 

muster  department 634 

department  of  military  stores 188, 552, 561, 568 

general  and  other  officers 33,  40,  41, 42, 57,  63, 174, 187, 188, 189 

commissary  of  prisoners 189, 647,  651 

engineers 188,189,486 

geographer 189,  495 

provost-marshal 1 88 

State  clothiers 296 

superintendent  of  bakers 318 

not  allowed  to  officers  absent  exceeding  six  months 32 

when  commutation  ot,  is  allowed 33,  40 

in  kind  may  be  furnished 38, 40,  42,  220 

allowance  of,  to  public  horses 148. 167, 170, 187 

to  be  purchased 155 

for  the  horses  of  the  French  minister 157, 164 

members  of  Congress 164, 1 79 

no  wheat  to  be  purchased  for 157,  288,  290 

how  obtained  in  emergencies 159 

driver  of  public  wagon  entitled  to 163 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 166 

how  paid  for 166,  1<>7 

how  obtained  for  public  horses 170,  175 

detained  horses 171 

magazines  Of ,  to  Ik;  provided 179 

States  to  be  requested  to  furnish 180 

issue  of,  to  detachments  of  sailors  or  marines 202,  223 

respecting,  for  officers  serving  east  of  the  Mississippi  River 227 

mentioned 176, 180, 209, 213 

Forage  Master  General, 

to  make  return  ot  all  his  assistants 165 

Forage  Masters  (we  Pay;  Rations), 

authorize- 1 148, 169, 197, 206 

l>v  whom  appointed 156,201 

duties  of lis.  I  \'.i.  170 

allowance  of  forage  to 197,  198,  206,  224 

subject  to  military  law 197 

names  of,  to  1m-  reported  to  board  of  war 150 

deranged  in  L875,  entitled  to  three  months'  pay 203 


782  index. 

Forbes,  James,  Page- 
member  of  committee 1 64,  300 

Ford,  Jacob,  jr., 

to  manufacture  saltpeter  into  gunpowder 540 

Ford's  Theater, 

mentioned 525 

Foreigners, 

not  exempt  from  draft 674 

Forestallers  (see  Engrossers), 

States  requested  to  authorize  seizure  of  goods,  etc. ,  held  by 273 

Forges, 

conductors  of  military  stores  to  have  traveling 559 

all,  in  hands  of  conductors  of  military  stores,  how  disposed  of 568 

traveling  cavalry,  allowed  ambulance  corps  of  divisions 422 

Forgue,  Francis, 

elected  surgeon-general  of  hospital  in  Northern  Department 374 

mentioned 361 

Forms, 

blank,  of  contracts,  etc. ,  by  whom  furnished 686,  687 

Fort  George,  N.  Y., 

hospital  at,  reserved  for  contagious  diseases 368 

Fort  Herkimer,  N.  Y., 

mentioned 571 

Fortifications  (see  Inspector  of  fortifications), 

armament  of  certain 571 ,  572 

to  be  erected  at  Annapolis,  Md 573 

respecting  plan  of  necessary 500 

construction  of  temporary,  in  cases  of  emergency 526 

ports  at  which,  are  required  to  be  reported 520, 601 

Fort  Myer,  Va., 

mentioned 620 

Fort  Pitt,  N.  Y., 

proper  magazines  to  be  laid  up  in 324 

arms  to  be  sent  to 546,  547 

field  conductor  of  military  stores  at,  authorized 567 

Forts, 

teste  of  best  stone,  to  resist  heaviest  guns 511 

construction  of  temporary,  in  cases  of  emergency • 526 

Fosdick,  Thomas, 

appointed  brigade-major 58 

Foster,  Isaac, 

to  take  direction  and  superintendency  of  the  general  hospital 364 

elected  deputy  director-general  of  hospital  in  Eastern  Department 374 

Foundries, 

examination  to  be  made  of  certain 544 

respecting  erection  of  a,  for  brass  ordnance 551 

artillery  artificer  employed  in 552 

to  be  visited  when  thought  necessary 557 

Secretary  of  War  to  direct  building  and  management  of 565 

respecting  establishment  of 574 

manufacture  of  iron  cannon  at,  how  superintended 586 

France, 

commissioners  in,  to  forward  uniforms,  blankets,  etc.-. 251,  252 

disposition  of  clothing  shipped  from 322 

arms  and  military  stores  shipped  from 565 

Franking  privilege, 

conferred  on  heads  of  bureaus;  franked  matter  may  be  conveyed  without 

indorsement  or  name  of  writer 34,  38 

exercised  only  by  written  autograph  signatures 36,  38 

to  whom  specifically  granted 73,  111,  205, 340, 465 

abolished r 38,681 

"Franklin"  (armed  schooner), 

mentioned 541 

Franklin,  Benjamin, 

member  of  committee 239, 535, 536, 537 

mentioned 488 

Frazer,  John  Gizzage, 

appointed  assistant  to  the  Quartermaster-General 141 


INDEX.  733 

Frazer,  Persifor,  Pa&e. 

elected  Clothier-General - 297 

declined 1 297 

mentioned , 238,  297 

Freedmen, 

provisions  may  be  issued  to  destitute 655 

tracts  of  land  for  use  of  loyal 656 

all  loyal,  under  care  of  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen 656 

measures  in  aid  of 658 

certain  buildings  constructed  for,  may  be  sold 662 

mentioned r 671 

Freedmen' s  hospitals, 

to  be  continued  at  designated  points 662 

French,  Samuel, 

commissioned  major,  commissary  of  military  stores  with  the  army 550 

mentioned 533 

French  army, 

barrackmaster  appointed  to  the 181 

French  language, 

teacher  of  the,  authorized 497 

French  squadron  (see 'Fleet). 

Freight  charges, 

ordnance  appropriations  not  to  be  used  to  pay 607 

Frontiers, 

ration  increased  for  men  serving  on  the 329,  330 

Frost,  George, 

member  of  committee 254 

Frothingham,  Richard, 

appointment  of,  as  field  commissary  of  military  stores,  confirmed 568 

mentioned 534 

Fry,  James  B., 

mentioned 665 

Fuel, 

officers  absent  exceeding  six  months  not  entitled  to 32 

may  be  furnished 38,  40,  41,  220 

allowance  of,  or  commutation  for,  prohibited 41 

to  be  issued  to  the  troops 143 

who  entitled  to  draw 183,  220 

in  kind  only  to  storekeepers  in  Quartermaster's  Department 208 

respecting,  for  hospitals 376 

issues  of,  to  destitute  refugees  and  freedmen 655 

mentioned 37,209,213,643 

Funds  (see  Bounty  fund;  Contingent  fund), 

respecting,  for  the  Southern  Department 158 

Department  of  Military  Stores 551 ,  557 

guards  for  safe  conveyance  of 184 

Furlough, 

officers  on,  not  entitled  to  pay  or  forage  beyond  time  granted 18 

no  longer  needed  may  be  granted 23 

of  the  Hospital  Department  on,  not  entitled  to  pay,  etc 388,  400 

Furman,  Moore, 

mentioned 176 

Furnace, 

respecting  enlargement  of  the,  at  Salisbury 543 

Fusees  (see  Muskets). 

G. 

Gadsden,  Christopher, 

member  of  committee 239, 536 

Gadsden,  James, 

mentioned 52,  86 

Gales,  Thomas, 

mentioned 121 

Galvan, , 

to  be  commissioned  a  major  and  employed  as  inspector 95 

appointed  division  inspector 1 00 

authority  for  employment  of,  in  the  insi>ector8hip  repealed 102 

Gambier,  Admiral, 

mentioned 642 


734  INDEX. 

Gamble,  James,  Page. 

appointed  deputy  commissary-general 316 

Garardeau,  John  Bohun, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 265 

Gardens, 

vegetable,  to  be  kept  in  hospital  grounds 250,  368 

establishment  of  regimental,  recommended 326 

Gardner,  Charles  K., 

mentioned 52, 86 

Garrison  equipage, 

Quartermaster-General  Jto  receive  and  distribute  all 204,  340 

Gates,  Horatio, 

authorized  to  dismiss  supernumerary  staff  officers  in  his  command 14 

to  appoint  necessary  staff  officers  for  the  Southern  army 17 

chosen  adjutant-general  with  rank  of  brigadier-general 53 

appointment  announced  to  the  Army 53 

Congress  desire  that  he  resume  the  office  of  adjutant-general 57 

authorized  to  appoint  a  deputy  adjutant-general  for  Northern  Department .         57 

appointment  by,  of  a  deputy  adjutant-general,  confirmed,  if  made 58 

authorized  to  appoint  a  deputy  adjutant-general  for  the  Southern  army . .         62 

appointment  of  a  deputy  judge-advocate  by,  confirmed,  if  made 124 

authorized  to  appoint  a  deputy  paymaster-general  for  the  Southern  army.       454 
mentioned 3, 14,  51,  57,  59, 60,  61, 90, 175, 183,  248,  269,  272, 448, 542",  543, 648 

General  officers  (see  Rations;  Forage;  .Lands), 

uniform  of 18 

allowed  a  4-horse  baggage  wagon 172 

General  Regulations  (see  Regulations), 

to  be  prepared  defining  duties  of  the  general  staff 27 

Geographers  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 488 

appointed 492, 493 

to  main  army  styled  ' '  Geographer  of  the  United  States  of  America  " 493 

for  main  and  Southern  armies  allowed  one  baggage  wagon 495 

assistant,  appointed 494 

mentioned 495 

George  III, 

mentioned 12 

Georgetown,  D.  C, 

mentioned 511 

Georgia, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

agent  in,  authorized  for  supplying  clothing 264 

appointment  of  certain  staff  officers  in,  authorized 124, 152,  264, 448, 451,  635 

respecting  certain  staff  officers  in .■ 158, 289,  290, 450,  452 

arms  for  the  defense  of 558 

Gerard, (French  Minister), 

to  be  furnished  horses  and  forage 157 

mentioned 489 

Gerry,  Elbrige, 

member  of  committee 14,  253,  283 

Gibson,  George, 

mentioned 140,  238 

Gibson,  James, 

commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers. . .  .* 549 

Gilliland,  James, 

to  be  commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

promoted  to  rank  of  captain 493 

Gilman,  John  Taylor, 

member  of  committee 828,  457 

mentioned 190,  569 

Gilman,  Nicholas, 

appointed  assistant  to  the  Adjutant-General 61 

Girardeau,  T.  B., 

resigned 291 

Glover,  John, 

mentioned 58, 89 

Goddard,  John, 

appointed  wagon  master  general 141 


INDEX.  735 

Godfrey,  Will.  E.,  Page. 

commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  artillery 549 

excused  from  further  service 561 

Goodwin,  Wilson, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 395 

Gostelow,  Jonathan, 

commissioned  major,  commissary  of  military  stores 549 

mentioned 534 

Gould,  David, 

mentioned 391 

Government  Printing  Office, 

building  for  the,  to  be  constructed  by  Chief  of  Engineers 526,  528 

Grade, 

of  captain  in  Adjutant-General's  Department  abolished 76 

Graduates. 

respecting  appointment  of,  of  dental  colleges 438 

Grain, 

cargoes  of,  to  be  provided  for  army  in  Eastern  Department 271 

respecting,  in  hands  of  engrossers 158, 289 

Grant,  Ulysses  S., 

mentioned 5 

Gratiot,  Charles, 

mentioned 483 

Graves  (see  Headstones). 
Gray,  Ebenezer, 

appointed  brigade-major 55 

Gray,  James, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 290 

mentioned 316 

Gray,  Samuel. 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk  and  magazine  keeper 244 

Gray,  Samuel, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues  for  Eastern  Department . .       265 
Great  Kanawha  River,  West  Virginia, 

respecting  construction  of  bridge  across  the 522 

('KEELY,   AdOLPHIS  W., 

mentioned 611 

Gkeen  and  Barren  River  Navigation  Company, 

mentioned 521 

Green,  Griffin, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Greene,  Nathaniel, 

appointed  Quartermaster-General 156 

to  retain  his  rank  as  major-general  in  the  Army 156 

continued  in  office  of  Quartermaster-General 175 

to  furnish  his  successor  with  complete  returns  of  all  officers  and  property 

of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 176, 177 

mentioned 103, 140, 176, 179, 180, 183, 184,  399 

Gridley,  Richard, 

conditionally  continued  chief  engineer  in  the  army  at  Cambridge 485 

to  be  considered  as  a  retiring  officer  after  January  1 ,  1 781 492 

mentioned 483,  492, 545, 563 

Griffin,  Samuel, 

elected  deputy  adjutant-general 55 

Grosvenor,  Thom  us, 

appointed  to  the  duty  of  deputy  adjutant-general 64 

subinspector 94 

Guam, 

respecting  improvement  of  a  harbor  at 528 

Guards, 

to  be  provided  for  safe  conveyance  of  money 184 

respecting,  at  hospitals 371 

Gulf  coast, 

relative  to  erection  of  gun  factories  mi  the 524 

Gun  factories, 

respecting  erection  of 524,  602 

Gunlock  rACTOST, 

at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  mentioned 541 


736  INDEX. 

Gunpowder,  Page. 

respecting  exchange  of,  for  deerskins 246 

importation  of 536, 539 

amount  of  public,  to  be  reported 536 

inspectors  of,  authorized 542 

appointed 542 

respecting,  for  use  in  proving  cannon 540,  543 

imported,  how  disposed  of 546 

purchase  of,  authorized 547, 555 

to  be  furnished  to  the  Southern  army 563 

exportation  of,  forbidden 573 

imported,  to  be  free  of  duty 573 

Guns  (see  Muskets;  Cannon;  Ordnance), 

relative  to  tests  of  best  stone  forts  to  resist  heaviest 511 

disposition  of  imported 565 

breech-loading,  to  be  contracted  for 602 

imported,  to  be  free  of  duty 604 

mentioned '. 602, 604 

Gunsmiths, 

colonies  requested  to  set  their,  at  work  making  muskets 537, 543 

Gusdon,  Peter, 

appointed  brigade  major 55 

H. 

Hagan,  Francis, 

appointed  senior  surgeon  in  the  general  hospital 383 

hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

mentioned 395 

Haite,  Nicholas, 

mentioned 548 

Half  pay, 

granted  to  officers  serving  during  the  war 13, 15,  380, 390, 391 

extended  to  continue  for  life 453 

widows  of  officers 19, 24, 25, 26 

five  years'  full  pay  offered  in  lieu  of 22 

lists  of  officers  accepting,  or  commutation  to  be  furnished  their  States 23 

for  wounds  or  disability 25 

officers  accepting  commutation  of,  mentioned 66, 495 

to  officers  of  the  Medical  Department,  how  calculated 401 

Hall,  C, 

to  superintend  hospital  at  Brunswick 380 

mentioned 380 

Hall, , 

member  of  committee 239, 246, 247, 365, 367, 536 

Halsted,  John, 

appointment  of,  as  commissary  for  army  before  Quebec,  confirmed 243 

Hamilton,  Alexander, 

mentioned 86 

Hammond,  William  A., 

mentioned 362 

Hancock,  Ebenezer, 

Elected  deputy  paymaster-general  for  the  Eastern  Department 446 

mentioned 449 

Hancock,  John, 

mentioned 54 

Hand,  Edward, 

elected  Adjutant-General 64 

continued  in  the  office  of  Adjutant-General 65 

mentioned 51, 62, 95,  283 

Harbors, 

along  water  front  of  Washington  and  Georgetown  to  be  examined 511 

(See  Ice  harbor.) 

improvement  of,  at  Kewaunee,  Wis 519 

surveys  of 519,522 

improvement  of,  at  St.  Augustine  and  Key  West 522 

deep-water,  between  Points  Duma  and  Capistrans 524 


INDEX.  737 

Harbors — Continued.  Page. 

of  refuge  at  Port  Orford,  Oreg 524 

inspection  of  safe  deep,  on  coast  of  Texas 525 

deep-water,  on  the  California  coast 525 

of  Superior  and  Duluth 526 

improvement  of  a,  at  Guam 528 

emergency  appropriations  for,  how  expended 528 

Hard  bread, 

effectual  measures  to  be  taken  for  supplying 321 

Hardman,  Henry, 

appointed  brigade  major 62 

mentioned 62 

Hardy,  William, 

elected  paymaster  for  the  North  Carolina  Light  Horse 448 

Harmar,  Josiah, 

appointed  subinspector 94 

Harness. 

North  Carolina  requested  to  purchase  leather  and  deerskins  for 153 

Harper,  Johx, 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major 58 

Harpers  Ferry,  Va., 

pay  of  superintendent  of  the  armory  at 581, 584 

office  of  superintendent  of  armory  at,  abolished 585 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  Jr., 

elected  paymaster  for  troops  in  Virginia 446 

Harrison,  Robert, 

appointed  to  muster  Colonel  Richardson's  battalion 634 

Hartley,  Thomas, 

mentioned 59 

Harvie,  John, 

mentioned 282 

Haskell,  Elnathon, 

appointed  to  act  as  brigade  major 59 

Haskell,  Jonathan, 

mentioned i 51,  86 

Hats, 

importation  of,  authorized 263 

returns  to  be  made  of  men  who  have  not  received 326 

not  to  be  purchased  until  old  stock  is  exhausted 222 

Hawaiian  Islands, 

actual  expenses  only  allowed  for  travel  to  and  from  the 46 

pay  of  officers  serving  in  the,  increased 47 

Hawkins,  John  P., 

mentioned 238 

Hay, 

quotas  of  States  to  \>e  furnished  in Kit; 

how  paid  for 166 

ration  of,  for  horses 1 70 

mentioned 167 

Hay,  Cdney, 

appointed  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  and  assistant  deputy  quartermaster- 
general 147 

not  entitled  to  office  or  rank  conferred  under  former  arrangement  of  the 

Quartermaster's  Department 156 

Hays,  Stock  lev  I>., 

mentioned 121 

Hazen,  M< 

mentioned 61 ,  65,  66, 95 

Hazen,  William  B., 

mentioned 611 

Headstones, 

in  national  cemeteries,  how  marked 219,  221,  226 

authorized  in  private,  village,  or  city  cemeteries 227 

Heard,  Nathaniel, 

niriitioned : 55 

Heath,  William,  / 

mentioned 53,66,64,  164,  642 

S.  Doc.  229 47 


738  INDEX. 

Henderson,  Alexander,  Page. 

commissioned  captain  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores 550 

resigned 559 

Henley,  David, 

appointed  brigade  major 53 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 55 

appointed  deputy  adjutant-general 56 

mentioned 56 

Hennepin  Canal, 

mentioned 521 

Henry, , 

mentioned _  648 

Henry,  Patrick, 

member  of  committee 239, 536 

mentioned 286,  298, 555 

Henry,  William, 

appointment  of,  as  public  armorer  confirmed 554 

Herkins,  William, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to 245 

Herriott,  William, 

appointment  of,  as  clerk  in  department  of  military  stores  confirmed 568 

Hewes,  Joseph, 

member  of  committee 239,  247,  536,  540 

Heyward,  Thomas,  Jr., 

member  of  committee 87, 365,  488 

Hickman,  Ky., 

respecting  location  of  bridge  across  Mississippi  River  at 522 

Hicks,  Benjamin, 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade  major 65 

Hides, 

care  and  treatment  of 249, 261 

raw,  may  be  exchanged  for  tanned  leather 263 

respecting  transportation  of  raw  or  unmanufactured 102 

issue  of  raw,  for  moccasins 270 

regulations  to  be  made  for  department  of 285 

to  whom  delivered 291, 547 

how  credited 307 

returns  of,  to  whom  made 321 

dried,  to  be  imported ., 547 

HlLTZHEIMER,  JACOB, 

to  provide  for  horses  belonging  to  members  of  Congress 164 

mentioned 17^ 

Hitchcock,  Lyman, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 59 

Hodgdon,  Samuel, 

appointed  deputy  commissary-general  of  military  stores 559 

pay  of 559 

elected  commissary -general  of  military  stores 565 

continued  in  that  office 568 

mentioned 140, 534 

Hoff,  John, 

appointment  of,  as  clerk  in  department  of  military  stores  confirmed 568 

Hoffman,  Valentine, 

commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers'. 648 

Holabird,  Samuel  B., 

mentioned 140 

Hollingsworth,  Henry, 

suspended 175 

mentioned 175 

Holt,  Joseph, 

mentioned 121 

Homes  (see  Soldiers'  Home;  National  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteers). 

Hoops,  Robert, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 264 

mentioned 265 

Hopkins,  Gerard,  4 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster 147 


INDEX.  739 

Hopkins,  Jared,  Page, 

mentioned 153 

Hopkins,  Mark, 

appointed  brigade  major 55 

Hopkins,  S., 

mentioned 274 

Hopkins,  Stephen, 

member  of  committee 239,  536, 538,  540 

Horns, 

of  cattle  killed  to  be  made  into  powder  horns 1 42,  242, 538 

whom  delivered 291 

Horse  equipage  (see  Equipments). 

Horse  litters  (see  Litters). 

Horses  (see  Bathorses;  Saddle  horses;  Forage), 

impressment  of,  authorized 142 

to  be  avoided  as  much  as  possible 146 

number  of,  in  public  stables  to  be  reported 147 

purchase  of,  how  made 150 

of  members  of  Congress  to  be  cared  for 156,  164, 179 

authorized  for  use  of  French  minister 157 

respecting  pay  for,  killed  in  action 14, 16, 19,21,  24, 157 

wounded  or  captured 21 

payment  of  expenses  of,  of  general  officers 11 

cavalry,  to  be"  procured 180 

dragoon,  to  be  sold 190 

number  of  draft,  limited 228 

mentioned 145, 146, 150, 152, 155, 157, 167, 171, 179, 180,  202, 387 

Horse  teams, 

respecting  substitution  of  ox  teams  for 158 

Horse  yard, 

orders  on,  by  whom  given 171 

HORTON,  AZARIAH, 

appointed  deputy  commissary-general  of  musters 635 

Hospital  chaplains, 

entitled  to  draw  clothing 381 

authorized  at  each  permanent  hospital 418 

to  be  afforded  necessary  facilities 429 

Hospital  commissaries, 

and  assistants  entitled  to  draw  clothing 381 

respecting  orders  from,  for  rations 382 

Hospital  Corps, 

how  constituted 433,  434 

Hospital  Department  (see  Medical  Department;  Subsistence  money;  For- 
age), 

officers  of  the,  entitled  to  benefits  from  Yorktown  capitulation 19 

to  be  furnished  transportation  for  removal  of  sick  and  wounded 179 

appointment  of  officers  in  the 373, 374, 389,  390,  393, 394,  398 

respecting  use  of  wagons  annexed  to  the 376 

regulations  for  the 377, 384,  385, 386, 387,  388, 389, 392, 393,  396,  397, 404,  405 

resolves  of  Congress  relating  to  the,  to  be  arranged 382 

officers  of  the,  entitled  to  draw  clothing 311 

not  to  be  concerned  in  trade 388 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 390 

vacancies  in  the,  how  filled 395 

chief  of,  to  transmit  returns  of  property 401 

Hospital  Director  (see  Director-Genera  i.i  . 

Hospital  physicians  (see  Pay;  Forage;  Land), 

authorized 384,392 

appointment  of 385>,  394,  395 

duties  of 385,386,387,389 

vacancies  of,  how  filled 395 

HoflPITALS  (see  Blankets;   Gardens:    I. misted  men;  Wagons  Flying   Hos- 
pital), 

allowance  for  cutting  wood  for  use  of 190 

clothing  to  be  issued  to  convalescents  in 278 

respecting  charges  for  treat n >cnt  of  secret  diseases  in  12,376 

establishment  of 363,  866,  868,  375,  383, 391, 405, 648 

respecting  issue  of  provisions  for 267, 306,  376 


740  INDEX. 

Hospitals — Continued.  Page. 

medicines  to  be  provided  for 363, 364,  365, 366,  367,  369 

antiscorbutics  to  be  provided  for  use  of  the 368 

at  Fort  George  for  treatment  of  contagious  diseases 368 

respecting  inspections  of 101, 420 

appointment  of  officers  for  duty  in,  authorized 363, 

368, 370, 371, 373,  374, 375, 377, 384, 404, 409 

officers  appointed  for  duty  in 363, 364,  365,  366,  367,  378,  389,  390,  392,  395, 398 

certain,  to  be  visited 374, 376 

respecting  assignment  of  officers  of  the 380 

erection  of  stoves  in 376 

female  nurses  in,  authorized 416, 430 

respecting  diet  for  the  sick  in 417, 429,  430 

(See  Providence  Hospital;  Columbia  Hospital;  Freedmen's  Hospital, 
Hot  Springs,  Ark.) 

modern  military,  to  be  erected  at  Fort  Leavenworth 437 

noncombatants  may  be  assigned  to  duty  in 674 

mentioned 417, 423 

Hospital  stewards  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Subsistence  money;  Clothing;  For- 
age), 

authorized 371 ,  384,  387,  392,  404,  407,  409,  414,  417,  424, 427,  429,  430,  433,  438 

duties  of 396 

how  appointed 396,  404, 414, 424, 427,  430, 433 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 390 

in  service  one  year  entitled  to  clothing 381 

number  of,  reduced 436 

reduction  of  number  of,  suspended 437 

mentioned 386,  389, 410 

Hospital  stores, 

estimates  of,  to  be  submitted 384 

respecting  transportation  of 387 

in  Virginia 391 

Hospital  surgeons  (see  Hospital  physicians;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 404,  409 

how  appointed 397, 404, 407 

duties  of 408 

rank  of,  regulated 399 

authorized  to  be  retained 409 

mentioned 373,398,407,410 

Hospital  surgeon's  mates  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Subsistence  money), 

authorized 364,365,370,371,384,404,407,409 

how  appointed 368,  396 

duties  of 386,  398, 408 

no  appointments  of,  to  be  made  to  fill  vacancies 395 

mentioned 366, 372,  386,  395,  410 

Hostlers  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

allowed  to  hospitals 371 

Hot  Springs,  Ark., 

an  army  and  navy  hospital  to  be  erected  at 432 

How,  Baxter, 

mentioned 183 

Howard,  John  E., 

member  of  committee 326, 457 

mentioned : 190, 569 

Howard,  Oliver  O., 

mentioned 653 

Howe,  Robert, 

mentioned 124,  291 

Howe,  William, 

mentioned 643 

Howell,  Jr.,  Joseph, 

mentioned 443 

Howell,  Richard, 

appointed  brigade  major 56 

elected  judge-advocate 127 

mentioned 121, 127 

Howitzers, 

to  be  contracted  for 1 545 


INDEX.  741 

• 
Howley,  Richard,  Page. 

mentioned 565 

Hudson,  Jonathan, 

elected  paymaster  in  Baltimore 447 

excused  therefrom  by  Congress 449 

Hudson  River,  N.  Y., 

respecting  supplies  for  army  on  or  near  the 281 

hospital  to  be  established  for  the  army  on  the 368 

respecting  obstructions  in  the 524 

mentioned 370 

Hughes,  Messrs.  Daniel  and  Samuel, 

contract  to  be  made  with,  for  1,000  tons  of  cannon 542 

Hughes,  Daniel, 

mentioned 554 

Hughes,  Hugh, 

appointed  assistant  quartermaster-general 143 

Hughes,  Samuel, 

mentioned 554 

Hui.ing,  John, 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

Hull,  William, 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

Humphreys,  Andrew  A., 

mentioned .„ 483 

Humphreys,  Charles, 

member  of  committee 540 

Humphreys,  Whitehead, 

mentioned 550 

Huntingdon,  Samuel, 

member  of  committee 539, 540 

mentioned 145 

Huntington,  Ebenezer, 

to  assist  the  Adjutant-General 56 

Huntington,  Jedediah, 

mentioned 58, 60 

Hutch  ins,  Thomas, 

appointed  geographer  to  the  Southern  Army 493 

mentioned 484, 495 

Huts, 

respecting  erection  of,  for  the  troops 154 

Hyrne,  Edmund, 

elected  deputy  adjutant-general  for  the  Southern  Department 61 

I. 
Ice  harbor, 

relative  to,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo 519 

Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal, 

mentioned 519, 521 

Illinois  Riveh, 

respecting  improvement  of  the 528 

Illinois  Territory, 

respecting  pay  of  the  general  staff  of,  while  in  service 465 

Imbret,  Jean  Louis, 

to  be  employed  as  engineer 487 

Importation, 

respecting,  of  provisions 250,  278 

clothing 251,263 

salt 261,271 

hides....: 263,547 

arms,  etc 536,537,539,541,543,573 

lead,  flints,  and  tin 538 

Impressment, 

respecting,  <>f  carriages,  horses,  etc 142,  270 

provisions 155, 158,  268, 277,  289 

goods,  etc.,  in  Philadelphia 159,290 

articles  of  clothing 268,275 

wagons,  shallops,  etc 270 

of  carriages  and  horses  to  be  avoided  as  much  as  possible 146 


742  INDEX. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Page, 

an  arsenal  to  be  established  at 591 

Indianapolis  Arsenal, 

mentioned 524 

Indian  corn, 

to  be  purchased 251 

exportation  of,  prohibited 286 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 166,  303 

how  paid  for 166 

Indian  depredations, 

rations  to  be  furnished  Floridian  surfers  from ". 341 

Indian  frontiers.     (See  Telegraph  lines.  ) 

Indian  meal, 

to  be  issued  in  lieu  of  flour  to  prisoners  of  war 300,  645 

received  from  States  in  lieu  of  flour 316 

respecting  transportation  of 279 

Indians, 

rations  may  be  issued  to,  visiting  posts 341,  687 

Infantry  (see  Light  infantry), 

uniform  of  the 21 

respecting  supernumerary  junior  lieutenants  of 455, 650 

Ingalls,  Rufus, 

mentioned 140 

Inglis, , 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

Innis,  James, 

elected  judge-advocate 126 

mentioned 121, 127 

Innoculation, 

to  be  discontinued 393 

Inspection, 

of  magazines  of  provisions 87,  253 

plan  of 90, 100 

Secretary  of  War  to  report  most  eligible  plan  of 103 

of  vessels  for  Quartermaster's  Department,  by  whom  made 216 

respecting,  of  unserviceable  stores Ill 

the  Quartermaster's  Department 217 

Subsistence  Department 348 

arms  before  issue 539 

drafted  men 669 

Inspector  of  cattle, 

authorized 288,  325 

duties  of 288 

Inspector  of  contracts, 

authorized 185,  323,  398, 566 

appointed 103, 324 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 323 

Inspector-General  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Forage;  Baggage  wagons;  Bathorses), 

authorized 92, 96, 100, 105, 106, 110, 112, 116 

appointed 88,  89 

duties  of 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 113, 114, 115, 183,  322 

to  receive  the  journals  of  Congress 99 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 109,  111 

how  selected 109 

(see  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General.  ) 

of  ordnance,  etc.,  appointed 87,  548 

of  cavalry  appointed 87 

(see  Medical  Inspector-General.) 

office  of  one,  abolished Ill 

abolition  of  office  of  one,  repealed Ill 

volunteer,  may  be  continued  in  service 117 

mentioned Ill,  311 

assistant  authorized 63, 96, 105, 112,  397,  565 

duties  of 63,97,98,100,101 

may  be  performed  by  assistant  adjutants-general 111 

to  perform  duties  of  adjutants-general 63,  97, 105 

not  to  lose  rank — the  line 108 

to  be  taken  from  the  line -       109 


INDEX.  743 

Inspector-General — Continued.  Page. 

assistant  to  be  attached  to  each  army  corps 112, 116 

deputy,  authorized 106, 109 

ex-officio  deputy  adjutant-general 69, 107 

assistant,  authorized 109 

I nspkctor-General's  Department, 

how  constituted 89,100,109,113,114,115,  117 

necessary  books  and  paper  to  be  furnished  the •. .       179 

1 1  metering  duty  to  be  performed  by  officers  of  the 95 

no  appointments  or  promotions  to  be  made  in  the 112 

appointments  in  the,  how  made 115 

vacancies  in  the,  how  filled 116,117, 118 

respecting  details  for  duty  in  the 117,118 

Inspectors  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage  wagons;  Bathorses), 

authorized 89, 96, 100, 103, 104, 106 

how  appointed 90,96,105,106 

appointed 90,92,94,95,96,100,103 

duties  of 63, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102 

to  act  as  adjutants-general 60, 63, 66, 67, 90, 104 

of  a  separate  army,  allowed  an  assistant 102 

letters  to  and  from  the,  of  the  Army  free  of  postage 108 

(see  Medical  Inspectors.  ) 

to  perform  duties  of  mustering  officers 636 

of  public  property,  punishable  for  neglect  of  duty,  etc 215 

office  of,  discontinued 103 

assistant,  authorized 105, 106, 108 

to  be  deputy  adjutants-general 105 

retain  place  in  the  line 106, 108 

subassistant ,  authorized 93, 96, 1 08 

how  appointed 96 

appointed 89,94,95,99 

duties  of 63,97,98 

of  fortifications 496 

light-houses 505 

gunpowder 542 

pay  of,  of  ordnance 585 

Intrenching  tools, 

measures  to  prevent  loss  of 149 

agent  appointed  for  care  of  all 157 

Invalids  (see  Retired  list), 

disabled  officers  to  be  placed  on  lists  of 24, 25 

surgeon  appointed  to  regiment  of 390 

Inventions  (see  Patents), 

hoard  to  examine  all,  in  heavy  ordnance,  etc 519 

\i<  >  expenditure  allowed  for  perfecting,  by  officers  of  the  Army 594 

Invoices, 

respecting,  of  imported  clothing .' .       253 

goods,  etc. ,  taken  from  Philadelphia 287 

Irish,  Nathaniel, 

commissioned  captain  of  artillery  artificers 549 

Ikon, 

conduct  of  experiments  in  testing 513 

Ikon  Company  Canal, 

mentioned 521 

Iron  works  (see  Salisbury  iron  works;  Andovek  iron  works). 

Irvine,  Callendek, 

mentioned 238 

Irwin,  Matthew, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 263 

declined  appointment 264 

mentioned 8M 

I>sri:s, 

( .1  <  luartermaster  stores  to  members  of  Congress  discontinued 166,  306 

respecting,  of  arms  and  military  stores  in  camp 559 

Isthmis  ok  Dakien, 

mentioned 506 

Isthmus  of  Panama, 

respecting  investigation  of  the 528 


744  INDEX. 

J. 

Jackets,  Page. 

uniform,  not  to  be  purchased  until  old  stock  is  exhausted 222 

Jackson, , 

mentioned 125 

Jackson,  David, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

mentioned 395 

James,  Thomas, 

mentioned 548 

Jay,  John, 

member  of  committee 364 

Jenifer,  D.,  of  St.  Thomas, 

member  of  committee 164,  299 

Jenifer,  Daniel, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 395 

Jervais,  John  Lewis, 

appointed  deputy  paymaster  of  South  Carolina 452 

mentioned 452 

Jesup,  Thomas  S., 

mentioned 140 

Johnson,  Francis, 

elected  commissary  of  prisoners 641 

mentioned *. 637, 641 

Johnson,  Robert, 

elected  hospital  physician 394 

to  do  the  duty  of  purveyor  for  military  hospital  in  the  Southern  depart- 
ment         395 

Johnson,  Thomas, 

member  of  committee 239,246,367,535,536 

Johnson,  Thomas, 

requested  to  have  military  stores  at  Annapolis  removed  to  Frederick  and 

those  at  Baltimore  to  Carlisle 546 

Johnson,  William, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 57 

Johnston,  Joseph  E., 

mentioned 140 

Johonot,  William, 

elected  assistant  apothecary 389 

Jones,  Roger, 

allowed  pay  of  his  commission  as  Adjutant-General  from  1821  to  March  7, 

1825 75 

mentioned 52 

Jones,  Roger, 

mentioned 86 

Jones,  Thomas, 

sheepskins  for  use  of  artillery  to  be  delivered  on  application  to 322,  565 

Jones,  Walter, 

elected  physician-general  of  hospital  in  Middle  Department 373 

declined  appointment 375 

mentioned 361, 375 

Jordan,  John, 

commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers. 549 

promoted  captain 554 

mentioned 563 

Journals  of  Congress, 

to  be  furnished  the  Adjutant-General 63 

Inspector-General 99 

respecting  extracts  from  the,  relative  to  commissarv  and  clothiers'  depart- 
ments         286 

Judge-Advocates  (see  Pay;  Rank;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized : 124,128,129,130,132,135 

appointed 123,124,125  127 

to  countersign  copies  of  Articles  of  War 123 

prosecute  in  the  name  of  the  United  States 123, 128 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 123, 127 

(See  Depositions;  Writs;  Witne&ses.  ) 

how  appointed 134 


INDEX.  745 

Judge-Advocates — Continued.  Page. 

duties  of 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134 

entitled  to  one  wagon  or  two  bathorses 126, 127, 187 

deputy,  how  appointed 127 

number  of,  limited 132 

(See  Shirts;  Linen.) 

corps  of,  merged  into  Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 133 

authorized  on  staff  of  army  corps 134 

continued  in  service 135 

acting,  may  be  detailed 135, 136 

status  of,  as  to  tenure  of  office 131 

mentioned 129, 131, 134 

Judge- Advocate's  Department, 

resolves  of  Congress  relative  to  -the,  repealed 127 

Judge-Advocate-General  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Baggage  wagons;  Bathorses), 

authorized 130,131,132,133 

duties  of 123, 130, 131, 132, 133 

(sec  Bureau  of  Military  Justice.) 

ex-qfficio  commissioner  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 133 

mentioned 124,132 

assistant,  authorized 131 

deputy,  appointed 124 

Jury  duty, 

workmen  in  armories  exempted  from 576 

Judge-Advocate-General's  Department, 

how  constituted 133,134,135 

promotions  in  the,  how  made 134 

respecting  chief  of  the 136 

chief  of  the,  how  selected 136 

vacancies  in  the,  how  filled 136 

K. 
Kelton,  John  C, 

mentioned 52 

Kemper, , 

mentioned 292 

Kermovan,  John, 

appointed  engineer  to  the  Continental  service 486 

Kettles, 

to  be  procured 145 

sent  to  Southern  Army 318 

incased. 180 

supplied  to  soldiers  without  cost 687 

Kkwaunee,  Wis., 

improvement  of  harbor  at 519 

Key  "West,  Fla., 

improvement  of  harbor  at 522 

Kirby,  E., 

mentioned 52 

K  IKK  PATRICK,  , 

appointed  captain-lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners 493 

Ki.kin,  David, 

appointed  deputy  commissary  of  prisoners • 641 

Knox,  Hknky, 

mentioned ">7,  549, 559, 568 

Kosciuszko,  Thaddei  s, 

appointed  engineer  in  the  service  of  United  States 487 

I,. 

Laboratory, 

establishment  of 545, 547, 562 

Secretary  of  War  to  direct  building  and  management  of 565 

mentioned 548, 557, 564, 565 

Labor atoky  artillerymen, 

respecting  company  of • 550 

Laborers, 

necessary,  in  Quartermaster's  Department  authorized 167, 198, 201 

by  whom  appointed 169, 198 


746 


INDEX. 


Laborers — Continued.  Page. 

occasional,  authorized  in  hospital  department 363, 369 

in  Ordnance  Department  authorized 579, 596 

status  respecting  bounty  laws,  etc 586 

to  be  designated  privates  of  the  second  class. .  591, 596 
La  Crosse,  Wis., 

construction  of  a  bridge  at,  across  the  Mississippi  River 512 

Lake  Erie, 

bridging  channel  between,  and  Lake  Huron 512 

canal  route  from,  to  the  Ohio  River 526 

Lake  George,  N.  Y., 

mentioned 366 

Lake  Huron, 

relative  to  bridging  channel  between,  and  Lake  Erie 512 

Lake  Michigan, 

mentioned 521 

Lakes, 

respecting  supply  of  army  on  the 246 

storm  signals  on  the  northern 614 

surgeon  appointed  for  fleet  fitting  out  on  the 367 

sites  for  light-houses,  etc.,  on  the  northwestern,  to  be  determined  by  the 
Topographical  Bureau 505 

deep  waterways  between  the  Great,  and  the  Atlantic 526 

Lake  Samamish, 

mentioned 524 

Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Railway, 

mentioned 521 

Lake  Union, 

mentioned 524 

Lake  Washington, 

mentioned 524 

Lancaster,  Pa., 

factory  of  firearms  at,  mentioned 541 

respecting  escape  of  prisoners  of  war  at 650 

Landings, 

along  water  front  of  Washington  and  Georgetown  to  be  examined 511 

Lands, 

grant  of,  for  service  in  Revolutionary  war 11,  389 

not  granted  to  claimants  under  an  assignment 11 

provisions  granting,  extended  to  general  officers 19 

officers  of  hospital  department 389 

assignment  of  tracts  of,  to  refugees  or  freedmen 656,  657 

respecting,  held  by  the  late  Confederate  States 658 

Langdon,  John, 

member  of  committee 239,  240, 536,  537 

mentioned 54, 142,  242, 540 

Lanterns, 

style  of,  for  use  in  powder  magazines 567 

Larned,  Benjamin  F., 

mentioned 443 

Latimer,  Henry, 

appointed  senior  surgeon  in  the  flying  hospital 382 

hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Laurens,  John, 

member  of  committee 14, 15 

mentioned 322, 565 

Lawrence,  Jonathan, 

appointed  captain  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners 493 

Lawrence,  John, 

appointed  judge-advocate 124 

pay  and  allowances  of,  established 124 

resignation  accepted 126 

mentioned 121, 126 

Lawson,  John, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 59 

Lawson,  Thomas, 

mentioned 362 


INDEX.  747 

Lead,  Page. 

inquiry  to  be  made  respecting  virgin  and  lead  ores 536 

importation  of,  authorized 538 

imported,  how  disposed  of 543 

to  be  furnished  the  Southern  army 563 

exportation  of,  prohibited 573 

imported,  to  be  free  of  duty 573 

surplus  pig,  to  be  sold 594 

Leaden  spouts, 

in  Philadelphia,  to  be  taken  down  for  laboratory 548 

Lead  mines, 

respecting,  at  New  Canaan,  N.  Y 539 

in  Maryland 548 

Colonies  requested  to  report  condition  of 541 

in  State  of  New  York  to  be  worked 549 

prisoners  of  war  may  be  furnished  for  work  in  New  York 641 

Learned,  Ebenezer, 

mentioned 62,  89 

Leases, 

respecting,  of  lands  in  the  Southern  States 657,  658 

Leather  (see  Hides;  Deerskins), 

purchase  of,  authorized 153, 274,  300 

raw  hides  may  be  exchanged  for 263 

mentioned 547 

Leather  manufactory, 

mentioned 549 

Leave  of  absence, 

respecting  officers  on,  exceeding  six  months 32 

granted  extra  territorially,  when  to  commence  and  terminate 48 

officers  of  Hospital  Department  on,  not  entitled  to  rations,  etc 388, 400 

on,  to  receive  only  half  pay  if  not  sick  or  wounded 681 

nurses  may  be  granted 439 

length  of,  without  reduction  of  pay 38,  682,  683 

Le  Baron,  Francis, 

mentioned 362 

Led  yard,  Isaac, 

elected  assistant  purveyor 389 

Lee,  Charles, 

mentioned 56, 60, 90, 304 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot, 

member  of  committee 272,  283, 535, 539 

Lee,  John  F., 

mentioned 121 

Lee,  Richard  Henry, 

member  of  committee 246, 253,  544 

Lee,  William, 

recommended  by  Congress  for  appointment  of  Adjutant-General 57 

Lee,  William  R., 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 56 

"Le  Fier  Rodkrique"  (ship), 

mentioned 286,  555 

L' Enfant,  Pierre  Charles, 

appointed  captain  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 490 

pr<  imoted  to  rank  of  major  by  brevet 495 

mentioned 490, 495 

Leonard,  Nathaniel, 

mentioned 383 

Letters  (nee  Franking  privilege), 

to  army  in  Mexico  free  of  postage 31 

official,  to  heads  of  bureaus  free  of  postage 38 

free  of  postage  to  and  from  the  Adjutant-General 71,  72,  73 

inspector  of  the  Army 108 

General 109, 1 1 1 

Quartermaster-General 183, 197, 201 ,  21 16 

Commisearv-General 335,  339, 340 

director  of  hospital 394 

physician-general 408 

apothecary -general 408 


748  INDEX. 

Letters — Continued.  Page. 

free  of  postage  to  and  from  the  Surgeon-General 408, 412 

Paymaster-General 465 

Chief  of  Engineers 502 

Topographical  Engineers 502 

Commissary-General  of  Ordnance 579 

Chief  of  Ordnance 584 

Lewis,  Andrew, 

mentioned 57 

Lewis,  Morgan, 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster-general 144 

elected  deputy  quartermaster-general 144 

mentioned 140 

Lewis,  Francis, 

member  of  committee 240, 241,  363,  364 

mentioned 142 

Lewis,  William, 

appointed  brigade  inspector '. 89 

Library  (see  Washington  Public  Library). 

Library  of  Congress, 

construction  of  the,  under  Chief  of  Engineers 523 

privilege  of  the,  granted  to  Chief  of  Engineers 524 

mentioned 525,  526 

Lieber,  Guido  N., 

mentioned 121 

Light  artillery, 

respecting  clothing  for  the 334 

Light  boats, 

sites  for,  to  be  determined  by  Topographical  Bureau 505 

Light  dragoons, 

uniform  of  the 16 

respecting  clothing  for  the 334 

Light-House  Board, 

how  constituted  in  part 505 

mentioned 505 

Light-house  inspectors, 

respecting  detail  of  officers  as 505 

Light-houses, 

sites  for,  to  be  determined  by  Topographical  Bureau 505,  506 

construction  and  renovation  of,  under  superintendence  of  engineer  offi- 
cers    505,  506 

plans  for  certain,  to  be  approved  by  Topographical  Bureau 505 

Light  infantry, 

uniform  of  the 18, 19,  22 

Lincoln,  Abraham, 

repairs  to  house  in  which  President,  died 528 

Lincoln,  Benjamin, 

mentioned 91, 100 

Linen, 

care  of,  purchased  for  the  Army 142 

fit  for  tents,  how  disposed  of 148 

to  be  imported 263 

respecting,  for  sick  in  hospitals 277, 376 

distribution  of  small  supply  of 304, 382, 446, 447, 491 

Lint, 

to  be  imported 365 

Lippet,  Christopher, 

mentioned 56 

Liston's  Point,  Pa., 

respecting  dike  between,  and  Reedy  Island 526' 

Litters, 

to  be  provided 372 

horse  and  mule,  authorized 421 

Little  Rock  Arsenal, 

respecting  pay  of  military  storekeeper  at  the 587 

Live  stock  (see  Cattle), 

allowances  to  agents  purchasing 269 

pay,  etc.,  of  superintendent  of 317 

purchased,  how  deliverable 317 


INDEX.  749 

Livingston, ,  Page. 

member  of  committee 537, 539 

Livingston,  — , 

mentioned 544 

Livingston, , 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 55 

Livingston, , 

mentioned 60 

Livingston,  Robert  R.., 

mentioned 54,  242 

Livingston,  Walter, 

chosen  for  commissary  of  stores  and  provisions  for  the  New  York  Depart- 
ment   '. 239 

Livingston,  William, 

mentioned 176 

Lockhart,  Patrick, 

to  procure  pack  horses  and  provisions  for  expedition  against  Detroit  ...  157, 286 
Long,  Nicholas, 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster-general 143 

to  have  rank  of  colonel 143 

Long,  Stephen  H., 

mentioned 484 

Low,  Simeon, 

appointed  assistant  adjutant-general 66 

Louis  XVIII, 

mentioned '. 500 

Louis  Philippe, 

mentioned 500 

Louisiana, 

recruiting  officers  not  to  be  sent  into 677 

Louisville,  Ky., 

quartermaster's  depot  at,  mentioned 217 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal, 

mentioned 524 

Lovell,  James, 

member  of  committee 87 

Lovell,  Joseph, 

mentioned 362 

Lowry,  Thomas, 

appointed  to  supply  rations  to  New  Jersey  battalions 242 

Ludington,  Marshall  J., 

mentioned 140 

Ludwig,  Christopher, 

appointed  superintendent  of  bakers 253 

continued  in  that  office 318 

compensation  of,  for  past  services 318 

Lukens,  Charles, 

commissioned  major-commissary  of  military  stores  at  Carlisle 549 

pay  of 549 

excused  from  further  service 561 

mentioned 534 

LiTTERLOH,  Henry  Emanuel, 

appointed  deputy  quartermaster-general 152 

commissary  of  forage 179 

Lux,  Darby, 

mentioned 548 

Lyman,  Daniel, 

appointed  brigade-major 58 

Lynch,  Thomas, 

member  of  committee $64 

mentioned 243 

M. 

If)  (  'i.ruK,  , 

mentioned 59 

M'Coomh,  John, 

authorized  to  act  as  quartermaster  at  Princeton 1 52 


750  INDEX. 

McCormick,  Henry,  Page. 

appointed  brigade  major 59 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major 62 

appointed  brigade  inspector 94 

McDougall,  Alexander, 

mentioned ' 55, 95, 632 

McGowan,  John, 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  major 59, 62 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

mentioned 60 

McHenry,  James, 

mentioned 4 

McHenry,  James, 

mentioned 367 

McIntosh,  Lachlan, 

mentioned 59,  89 

McKallister,  John, 

mentioned ^ 263 

McKean,  Thomas, 

member  of  committee 247, 537 

mentioned 297 

McKnight,  Charles, 

elected  surgeon-general  for  the  hospital  in  middle  department 378 

chief  hospital  physician 389 

mentioned 361 

McLean,  Nathaniel  H., 

appointment  of,  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  or  his  reinstate- 
ment and  retirement  authorized 78 

McLlNNEY,  , 

to  act  as  brigade  major 60 

McWilliams,  William, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 56 

McFeely,  Robert, 

mentioned 238 

Mackay,  Eneas, 

mentioned 248 

Mackenzie,  Samuel, 

mentioned 370 

Macomb,  Alexander, 

mentioned 52,  483 

Magazines, 

certain,  to  be  inspected 87, 253 

barracks,  etc.,  to  be  erected  at  principal 152,  259 

of  provisions  to  be  established 157,  245,  250, 279, 280,  288,  291, 310,  316, 324 

North  Carolina  to  furnish,  of  forage 179 

Secretary  of  War  to  direct  building  and  management  of 184,  565 

of  military  stores  to  be  established 541,  544, 545,  547, 572 

inspected 564 

duties  of  keepers  of,  and  arsenals 580 

mentioned 180,  244, 245,  251,  279,  544, 563, 570, 578 

Maiming, 

Freedmen's  Bureau  to  prohibit,  as  a  punishment 659 

Malcolm,  William, 

appointed  deputy  adjutant-general  in  northern  department 60 

permitted  to  hold  his  rank  in  the  Army  and  his  regiment 61 

mentioned .• 59, 493 

Malt  liquor, 

may  be  issued  in  lieu  of  rum,  whisky,  or  brandy 333 

Manchester, 

mentioned 571 

Maneuvers, 

respecting  system  of 89, 90,  91, 92, 96 

troops  to  be  instructed  in 87,  90 

Manufactory, 

of  fire  arms  at  Lancaster,  Pa. ,  mentioned 541 

respecting  establishment  of  a,  of  fire  arms 555 

allowances  to  superintendent  of  certain,  of  arms 581 


INDEX.       .  751 

Maps,  Page. 

surplus,  of  the  Signal  Office  may  1  >e  sold 615,  610 

Marchaxt,  Hexky, 

member  of  committee 254 

Marcy,  Randolph  B., 

mentioned 86 

Marine  agent, 

to  appoint  a  commissary  for  marine  prisoners 650 

mentioned 495 

Marine  committee, 

to  regulate  issue  of  provisions  to  the  French  squadron 287 

aid  the  Commissary-General  to  fulfill  certain  engagements 300 

be  applied  to  for  use  of  Government  vessels 540 

control  exchange  of  marine  prisoners 644,  650 

Marine  Corps, 

respecting  enlistment  of  drafted  men  in  the 672 

issue  of  provisions  to  detachments  of 337 

Marianna,  Fla., 

mentioned 501 

M.VRMIE,  TlRNBULL   &   Co., 

mentioned 327 

"Marquis  of  Kildare"  (brig), 

mentioned 146,248,543 

Marselis,  Gysbert, 

appointment  of,  as  barrack  master  confirmed 143 

.Marshall,  Elihu, 

to  act  as  brigade-major 60 

Marshall,  John, 

appointed  deputy  judge-advocate 124 

Martin, , 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay 401 

Marvin,  Elihu, 

appointed  brigade-major  pro  tern 59 

Maryland, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

requested  to  seize  provisions,  etc.,  in  hands  of  engrossers 158,  289 

provide  guards  for  certain  prisoners  of  war 649 

not  to  grant  exceptions  from  embargo 289 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions,  etc 306, 313 

when  deliverable 315 

t<  >  furnish  flour  and  Indian  corn 303 

cattle 311 

part  of  flour  furnished  by,  may  be  retained  in  the  State 310 

respecting  mode  of  obtaining  saltpeter  from  tobacco  houses  in 538 

removal  of  certain  military  stores  in 546 

lead  mine  in 548 

mentioned 264,271,279,280,287,545 

Mason,  David, 

excused  from  further  service 560 

Massachusetts, 

uniform  of  the,  line ^ . . .         15 

establishment  of  magazines  of  provisions  in 157 

mentioned 322,636 

Massachusetts  Bay, 

requested  to  seize  certain  clothing 277 

board  of  war  of,  requested  to  import  flour  and  provide  vessels 278 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  provisions 306, 312 

how  paid  for 307 

w  I  nil  deliverable 314 

to  furnish  cattle 310,  311 

requested  to  collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

report  condition  of  lead  mines 541 

respecting  erection  of  magazine  and  laboratory  in 545, 547 

removal  of  prisoners  of  war  in 642 

mentioned 123,240,271 


752  .        INDEX. 

Massenbach, ,  Page. 

elected  engineer  for  Southern  Department 485 

Massey,  William, 

appointed  deputy  muster-master-general  for  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.       685 

Master  armorers  (see  Pay)  , 

authorized 572, 598 

how  appointed 572 

to  be  designated  as  sergeants 566 

Mates  (see  Surgeon's  mates;  Hospital  mates;  Apothecary's  mates). 

Matrons  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 371, 384, 392 

by  whom  appointed 372, 387, 391 

Mattack,  Timothy, 

to  be  employed  as  storekeeper 142 

Matthews,  John, 

member  of  committee 14, 17, 286 

mentioned 17, 157,  394 

Maumee  Valley  Monumental  Association, 

mentioned 522 

Macs,  Matthew, 

mentioned 390 

Maxwell,  William, 

mentioned 59, 60, 89, 95 

Mead,  Israel, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Meal  (see  Indian  meal). 

Measam,  George, 

continued  in  office  of  superintendent  of  commissary  of  stores  for  the 

Northern  Army;  pay  of 246 

elected  commissary  of  clothing  for  the  Northern  Army;  allowed  pay  and 

rations  of  a  major 248 

Mease,  James, 

to  deliver  to  the  quartermaster-general  all  the  cloth  fit  for  tents 148 

appointed  commissary  to  supply  the  Pennsylvania  battalions 243 

to  purchase  necessary  articles  for  approaching  winter 249,  250 

hats  and  caps  and  employ  tailors 250 

appointed  clothier-general 252 

mentioned 145,238,247,253,288 

Mease  and  Caldwell,  (Messrs.), 

mentioned 246 

Meat, 

agents  to  purchase,  east  of  the  Susquehanna 280 

Mechanics, 

necessary,  in  Quartermaster's  Department  authorized-  - 201 

Medical  attendance, 

nurses  entitled  to i 439 

respecting,  to  families  of  officers  and  men 433 

Medical  boards, 

authorized 396,405,419 

duties  of 396,397,398,405 

mentioned 418 

Medical  cadets, 

authorized 416, 417 

duties  of "--•- 416 

to  have  rank  and  pay  of  West  Point  cadets 416 

Medical  committee, 

to  supply  director  of  hospital  with  medicines 366 

increased 366 

to  forward  medicines,  etc. ,  to  indicated  points 367,  369 

purchase  medicines 367 

provide  antiscorbutics  for  the  hospitals 368 

provide  accommodation  for  the  sick 369 

employ  agents  in  each  State  to  purchase  medicines 370 

resolution  relative  to  Medical  Department  recommitted  to  the 381 

to  revise  regulations  relating  to  the  hospital  department 382 

take  measures  for  carrying  on  business  of  the  Medical  Department 383 

give  directions  for  establishing  a  hospital  in  Virginia 391 


INDEX.  753 

Medical  committee — Continued.  I'age. 

discontinued;  returns  and  papers  of  the,  to  be  lodged  with  the  ttoard  of 

war 394 

reports  of 375, 383 

Medical  Department  (see  Hospital  Department;  Hospital  Corps), 

inquiry  to  be  made  into  abuses  in  the 368 

how  constituted 410,423,427,429,437 

increased 411,413,414,416,417,418,419,433,436 

officers  of  the,  not  to  be  concerned  in  trade 388 

respecting  vacancies  in  the 414, 428 

(see  National  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteers;  Soldiers'  Home.  ) 

nurse  corps  attached  to  the 439 

mentioned 394,397,401,407,408,412,428,429,435,436,455 

Medical  director, 

duties  of,  of  army  corps 420 

respecting,  of  armies  in  the  field. 423 

Medical  inspector-general, 

authorized 417 

how  appointed 417 

duties  of 417, 418 

Medical  inspectors, 

authorized *  417, 419 

how  appointed 417, 419 

duties  of 417,418,420 

mentioned 418 

Medical  officers  (see  Surgeons), 

duties  of  chief,  of  army  corps 420 

respecting  pensions  to,  who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war 409 

captured,  who  have  charge  of  sick  prisoners 394 

entitled  to  one  additional  ration  for  every  five  years'  service 412 

to  unite  with  line  officers  in  supervising  cooking 420 

a,  to  report  upon  epidemic  cholera 427 

not  entitled  to  command  by  virtue  of  their  rank 413, 429 

to  rank  according  to  date  of  commission 433 

attend  families  of  officers  and  men 433 

regulating  grades  of  certain 434 

respecting  assignment  of 435 

number  of,  increased 436 

mentioned „'_". 423 

Medical  property, 

accounts  to  be  taken  of 398 

Medical  purveyors  (see  Pay,  Rations,  Forage  Land), 

authorized : 384,404,423,429 

how  appointed 388, 404 

appointed 389 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 390 

duties  of 385,386,387,390,391,397,404,417,418,429 

to  give  bonds 419,423,430 

undergo  examination 424 

may  be  assigned  to  duty  as  surgeons 429 

mentioned 384 

deputy,  authorized 392 

appointed 393,395,398 

duties  of 392 

assistant,  appointed 395 

Medical  staff, 

extended 409 

brigade  surgeons  attached  to  the 419 

Mkdical  storekeepers  (see  Pay), 

authorized 418 

to  give  bonds 418, 419 

abolished 428 

Medical  stores  (see  Medicines), 

to  be  inspected 365 

druggist  appointed  in  Philadelphia  to  receive  all 367 

respecting  removal  of 369, 376 

loss  of  or  damage  to,  how  punished 383 

S.  Doc.  229 48 


754  INDEX. 

Medical  Stores — Continued.  i'»ge. 

all,  not  necessary  to  be  sold . 400 

respecting  accountability  for 377 

returns  of  all,  to  be  made 401 

respecting  issue  of,  to  destitute  refugees  or  f reedmen 657 

Medicines  (see  Peruvian  bark), 

purchase  of,  authorized 240,  364, 365 

to  be  imported 365 

supplied 365,  366 

provided 367,  369, 370, 380 

returns  of,  to  be  made 369,  399 

estimates  of,  required  to  be  submitted 384 

all,  in  Virginia  to  be  collected 391 

mentioned 404 

Medicine  wagons, 

mentioned 421 

Mehelm,  John, 

appointed  commissary  of  hides 291 

mentioned 238 

Meigs,  Montgomery  C, 

placed  in  charge  of  construction  of  Pension  building 227 

to  superintend  construction  of  Washington  Aqueduct 507 

mentioned 140 

Melchior, , 

to  dismiss  certain  of  his  deputies 163 

Memorial, 

on  necessity  of  a  corps  of  engineers,  mentioned 495 

Memorial  bridge, 

respecting  a,  from  Washington  City  to  Arlington,  Va 526 

Memphis,  Tenn., 

respecting  construction  of  an  arsenal  at 584 

Meng,  Wollory, 

commissioned  captain  superintendent  of  leather  manufactory 549 

captain  in  Colonel  Flowers' s  regiment 553 

Mentges,  Francis, 

allowed  additional  compensation  while  acting  as  inspector  of  contracts  to 

the  Southern  army  under  General  Greene's  appointment 103 

mentioned 85, 103 

Mercer,  James, 

member  of  committee 164, 299 

Mercury  (ship), 

mentioned 252,  546 

Merlet, , 

mentioned 90 

Meteorological  observations, 

at  military  posts,  authorized 614,  616 

Mexican  frontier, 

respecting  telegraph  lines  on  the 615 

Mexican  War  (see  Badges), 

sappers  and  miners  who  served  in  the,  entitled  to  discharge 504,  505 

status  as  to  allowances  of  men  of  the  Ordnance  Department  who  served 
in  the 586 

Mexico, 

letters,  etc.,  to  army  in,  free  of  postage : 31 

respecting  care  of  cemetery  near  city  of 221 

Miami  Kiver,  Fla., 

respecting  routes  from,  to  the  sea 528 

Michigan  and  Illinois  Canal, 

mentioned 519 

Middle  Department, 

respecting  salt  for  troops  in  the 271, 275 

importation  of  flour  from  the 278 

mentioned 54,  373,  374,  375,  378, 449 

MlDDLETON, 

member  of  committee ...  247, 363, 544 

Mifflin,  Jonathan, 

appointed  brigade-major 55 

deputy  quartermaster-general 152 


INDEX.  755 

Mifflin,  Thomas,  Page. 

member  of  committee 17, 535 

appointed  Quartermaster-General 141 

conditionally 145 

requested  by  Congress  to  resume  office  of  Quartermaster-General 145 

allowance  to,  for  his  service  as  Quartermaster-General 151 

given  leave  to  repair  to  General  Washington's  headquarters 151, 156 

returned  his  commissions  as  major-general  and  Quartermaster-General . . .       153 
resignation  accepted,  but  commission  of  major-general  returned  to  him  . .       153 

elected  member  of  the  Board  of  War 153 

directed  to  exercise  duties  of  Quartermaster-General  notwithstanding  his 

resignation 153 

tendered  his  resignation 157 

resigned .      160 

mentioned 3, 17, 55, 90, 139, 140, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 160, 253 

Mileage  (see  Traveling  expenses), 

rate  of 34, 35, 38, 41 ,  43, 44, 48, 434 

not  legal  in  excess  of  actual  expenses 38 

when  transportation  requests  are  furnished 47 

how  computed 685 

Miles,  John, 

appointed  brigade  quartermaster 183 

Military  Academy, 

Corps  of  Engineers  to  constitute  a 497 

respecting  superintendence  of  the 497 

how  constituted 498 

Superintendent  of  the,  how  selected 510 

mentioned 230, 514 

Military  agents  (see  Pay), 

and  assistants  authorized 195, 332 

office  of,  discontinued 197 

Military  asylum  (see  Soldiers'  Home), 

Military  departments  (see  Eastern,  New  York,  Northern,  and  Southern 
departments], 

commissary  of  forage  authorized  for  each  of  the 148 

duties  of  commanders  of 151, 182,  375 

mentioned 190,247,273,288,371,423,485,564 

Military  divisions, 

mentioned 348 

Military  jurisdiction, 

all  persons  in  Freedmen's  Bureau  to  be  under 163, 283, 657 

Military  prison, 

to  be  inspected 113, 114,115 

surgeon  detailed  for  duty  at  the 427 

Military  societies  (see  Badges). 

Military  storekeepers  (see  Rank,  Pay,  Ordnance  storekeepers), 

authorized  in  purchasing  department , 337, 339 

Quartermaster's  Department 208,  210,  218,  231 

appointed 143 

to  give  bonds 208,597 

grade  of,  in  Quartermaster's  Department,  when  to  cease 222,  232 

Military  supplies  (see  Ordnance  stores), 

inspection  of  unserviceable,  by  whom  made Ill,  204, 340, 410,  616 

means  to  prevent  loss,  etc.,  oi . 149, 150 

respecting  purchase  of 196, 564 

sale  of  damaged,  when  to  be  made 204,339,410,540,616 

Secretary  of  War  to  control  and  supervise  all 210,336 

all  surplus,  to  be  sold 326 

returns  of  all,  to  be  made 326,  336 

respecting  forms  of  returns  and  accounts  of  . .' 336, 578 

Secretary  of  War  to  prescribe  species  and  amounts  of,  to  be  purchased . . .      336 
respecting  proceeds  of  sales  of 505, 587 

Militia, 

inspectors  to  be  appointed  to  the,  when  in  service 96 

commission  allowed  on  payments  to  the 466 

one  paymaster  allowed  for  two  regiments  of 467 

respecting  purchase  of  arms  from  the 539 


756  INDEX. 

Militia — Continued.  Page. 

arms  to  be  provided  for  sale  to  the  States 574 

mentioned 245,285,449,463,465,548,576 

Militia  duty, 

respecting  exemption  from 547 

Miller,  Charles, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  storekeeper 244 

Mills  (see  Powder  mills), 

flour  barrels  to  be  returned  to  the 275 

Mills,  John, 

mentioned 51, 85 

Mines  (see  Lead  mines;  Symsbury  mine). 
Minors, 

respecting  discharge  of 674,  675 

Minots  Rock,  Mass., 

works  near,  mentioned 504 

Mississippi  River, 

respecting  road  from  the,  to  designated  point  in  Arkansas 501 

railroad  from  the,  to  the  Pacific  Ocean 506 

construction  of  a  bridge  over  the,  at  La  Crosse,  Wis 512 

survey  of  mouth  of 513 

the,  and  its  tributaries 513 

location  of  bridge  across  the,  at  Hickman,  Ky 522 

bridge  to  St.  Louis  over  the 526 

channel  through  southwest  pass  of  the 526, 528 

Mississippi  River  Commission, 

how  constituted 518,  519 

Missouri, 

respecting  construction  of  arsenals  in 584 

Missouri  River, 

respecting  improvement  of  the,  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa 528 

Missouri  River  Commission, 

how  constituted 520 

mentioned 528 

Mobile  Bay, 

respecting  erection  of  an  arsenal  on 583 

Moccasins, 

men  to  be  selected  to  make,  for  their  corps 270 

Moffat, , 

mentioned 593 

Moneys, 

respecting,  obtained  from  sales  of  stores  and  supplies -505, 587 

appropriated  for  the  Ordnance  Service 595, 599 

Signal  Service 620 

public,  how  accounted  for 200,336,408,462,463,578 

MoNONGAHELA  NAVIGATION  COMPANY, 

mentioned 521 

Montgomery,  John, 

appointed  to  muster  Major  Wilson's  battalion • 635 

Moore,  James, 

appointed  brigade  major 61, 63 

inspector 96 

Moore,  John, 

appointed  to  act  as  an  assistant  commissary  of  purchases 282 

Moore,  John, 

mentioned 362 

Moore,  Willis  E., 

mentioned 593 

Morgan,  George, 

to  appoint  a  deputy  commissary  for  the  troops  on  the  western  frontiers  of 
Virginia 251 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases 273 

mentioned 291 

Morgan,  John, 

elected  director-general  and  chief  physician 364 

appointed  director-general  and  physician  in  chief 367 

mentioned 361,366,368,369,380 

Morgan,  Michael  R., 

mentioned 238 


INDEX.  757 

Morris,  Gouverneur,  Page. 

member  of  committee 15, 291 

mentioned 159, 160 

Morris,  Lewis, 

member  of  committee 253, 535, 539, 540 

Morris,  Robert, 

member  of  committee 246 

Morris,  Robert, 

directed  to  send  3  tons  of  steel  and  5  tons  of  nail  rods  for  the  use  of  the 
army  in  the  Northern  Department 545 

Mortars, 

respecting  the  casting  of 549 

arrival  of  imported,  announced 550 

contracts  to  be  made  for 554 

mentioned 570 

Moultrie,  William, 

mentioned 648 

Mount  Vernon,  Va., 

survey  of  a  national  road  from  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  to 523 

Moylan,  John, 

elected  clothier-general 318  , 

appointment  announced  to  the  Army 319 

mentioned 238 

Moylan,  Stephen, 

elected  Quartermaster-General 144 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 144 

to  have  rank  of  colonel  and  pay  of  $80  a  month 144 

appointed  muster-master-general 631 

mentioned 140,145,629 

Muhlenberg,  Peter, 

mentioned 58,59,61,89,94 

Mule  litters, 

authorized  in  lieu  of  ambulances 421 

Mullany,  James  R., 

mentioned 140 

Mullens,  Thomas, 

appointed  brigade-major 58, 59 

to  act  as  brigade-major 59 

Mumkord,  William  Green, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 263 

Murray, , 

to  be  commissioned  captain  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

resigned 493 

Murray,  Robert, 

mentioned - 362 

MU8KET  LOCKS  («C«  GUNLOCKS), 

to  be  imported - 537 

Muskets  (see  Rifles), 

respecting  importation  of 536 

manufacture  of .*. 537, 539,  541, 543, 555 

purchase  of 538, 539, 541 

all  to  be  stamped  "  United  States  " 546 

distribution  or  imported 546 

impressment  of 548 

to  be  furnished  the  Southern  army 563 

mentioned 547 

Mustering  Department, 

plan  of  the 96 

necessary  books  and  paper  to  be  furnished  the 179 

mentioned 636 

discontinued 636 

Mustering  officers, 

duties  of 98 

Muster-Master-General  {me.  Rank;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

appointed 631,632 

deputy,  authorized 633, 635 

appointed 631,632,634,635 


758  INDEX. 

Muster-Master-General — Continued.  Page. 

deputy,  to  take  the  oath  of  office 635 

duties  of 632 

Muster  masters  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

for  corps  of  wagoners  authorized 635 

respecting  issue  of  small  quantity  of  shirts  and  linen  to 304,  636 

mentioned 636 

deputy,  authorized 631 ,  632, 633 

appointed 634, 635 

duties  of 634 

Muster  rolls, 

abstracts  of,  to  whom  sent 57, 633 

how  made 97, 98 

to  be  sworn  to 634 

Musters, 

by  whom  made 95, 100, 636 

how  made 97, 98 

when  to  be  made 631, 633 

Myer,  Albert  J., 

mentioned 611 

N. 
Nash,  William  H., 

mentioned 238 

National  armories, 

to  be  established  at  each  arsenal 572 

reports  of  arms  made  and  repaired  in,  to  be  made 572 

National  cemeteries, 

authorized 218 

superintendents  of,  how  selected 218, 220, 226 

to  be  inclosed 219, 226 

graves  in,  how  marked 219,  221, 226 

care  of  cemetery  near  City  of  Mexico 221, 222,  226 

National  Home  for  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans, 

respecting  issue  of  medical  stores  to  the 423 

National  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteers, 

respecting  clothing  for  the 222,  687 

obsolete  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  for  the 605 

to  be  inspected  yearly 116 

medical  stores  to  be  sold  to  the 424, 436 

National  road, 

survey  of  a,  from  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  to  Mount  Vernon,  Va 523 

Naval  arsenals, 

respecting  erection  of 500 

Naval  officers, 

to  inspect  steam  vessels  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department 216 

Naval  service, 

provisions  respecting  artificial  limbs  applicable  to  men  in  the 426 

mariners  liable  to  draft  may  enlist  in  the 671 

enlistments  in  the,  how  credited 672,  676,678 

mentioned 670 

Negroes, 

to  be  enrolled „ 675 

bounty  to  slave,  to  whom  paid 676 

Nevada  volunteers, 

respecting  traveling  expenses  of,  discharged  in  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and 

Utah 472 

Nevin,  Daniel, 

to  be  commissioned  captain  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

appointed  captain  of  engineers 491 

New  Canaan,  N.  Y., 

respecting  lead  mine  at 539 

New  England, 

legislatures  of,  requested  to  authorize  impressment  of  transportation 142 

New  Hampshire, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  provisions 306, 312 


INDEX.  759 

New  Hampshire — Continued.  1'age. 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  provisions,  how  paid  for 307 

when  deliverable 307, 314 

requested  to  furnish  cattle 310 

collect  saltpeter  and  brimstones 535 

Nkw  Jersey, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

requested  to  authorize  impressment  of  provisions  in  hands  of  engrossers.  158,  289 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 306 

how  paid  for 307, 313 

when  deliverable 307, 314 

requested  to  call  for  contributions  of  blankets 268 

not  to  grant  exemptions  from  embargo 289 

to  furnish  flour 304 

cattle 310 

collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

report  condition  of  lead  mines 541 

improvement  of  channel  between,  and  Staten  Island 513 

mentioned 176,271,291,311,368,380,381,390,545,550 

New  London,  Conn., 

mentioned 383,571 

New  Mexico, 

traveling  expenses  of  California  volunteers  discharged  in 472 

respecting  pay  of  military  storekeeper  of  ordnance  in 587 

New  Orleans,  La., 

respecting  construction  of  custom-house  in 505 

Newton,  John, 

mentioned 483 

New  Windsor,  N.  Y., 

mentioned 400 

New  York, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

requested  to  authorize  impressment  of  provisions  in  hands  of  engrossers.  158, 289 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage , 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 306, 312 

how  paid  for 307, 312 

when  deliverable 307, 314 

requested  not  to  grant  exemptions  from  embargo 289 

to  cause  distribution  of  certain  provisions 300 

sulphur  in  New  York  City  to  be  removed 690 

collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

respecting  lead  mines  in 539, 541, 549, 641 

mentioned 639, 645, 648, 690 

New  York  City,  N.  Y., 

quartermaster's  depot  at,  mentioned 217 

respecting  certain  bells  taken  from 569 

sulphur  in  the 690 

New  York  Department, 

appointment  of  staff  officers  for  the. . .  .* 63,  141 ,  239, 445 

Niagara,  N.  Y., 

pay  of  assistant  military  agent  at 195 

Niagara  River, 

respecting  width  of  draw  in  bridge  across  the 527 

NlCARAGUAN   CANAL, 

mentioned 526 

Nichols,  Bela, 

commissioned  first  lieutenant  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 559 

Nichols,  Noah, 

commissioned  captain  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 559 

Nicodemus,  William  J.  L., 

mentioned 611 

Nicola,  Lewis, 

mentioned 390 

Nicoll,  Abimael  Y., 

mentioned 52, 86 


760  INDEX. 

Nixon,  John,  Page. 

mentioned 55, 56, 62 

Noarth,  George, 

mentioned 635 

NONCOMBATANTS, 

drafted,  may  be  assigned  to  duty  in  hospitals 674 

Norris  George, 

commissioned  first  lieutenaut  of  artillery  artificers 549 

North,  William, 

appointment  of,  as  inspector  of  the  troops  remaining  in  service  confirmed.      103 

to  receive  pay  allowed  to  an  inspector  of  a  separate  army 103 

mentioned 51, 52,  85 

North  Carolina, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

appointment  of  staff  officers  for  duty  in 143 

respecting  agents  in,  to  purchase  leather  and  deerskins 153, 274 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 306,  31 3 

how  paid  for 307 

when  deliverable 307, 314, 315 

to  furnish  magazines  of  forage 179 

provisions 310 

requested  to  lay  an  embargo  on  beef  and  pork 280 

collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

mentioned * 246,279,365,583,632 

North  Carolina  light  horse, 

paymaster  for  the,  appointed 448 

Northern  army, 

appointment  of  staff  officers  for  the 58, 103, 124, 144, 248, 364, 632 

respecting  supply  of  the 246 

medicines  to  be  sent  to  the 367 

mentioned 545 

Northern  Department 

appointment  of  staff  officers  for  the •. 57, 60, 265, 269, 290,  367, 370, 374 

payment  of  troops  in  the,  by  whom  made 446 

mentioned 12,275,368,369,378,545,633 

North  River  Bridge, 

mentioned 524 

Nourse,  Charles  J., 

mentioned 52 

Nurse  corps, 

how  constituted 439 

attached  to  Medical  Department 437 

payments  to  the,  by  whom  made 439, 478 

Nurses  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Pensions), 

authorized 363,371,384,392,404,439 

how  appointed 364,387,391 

female,  may  be  substituted  for  soldiers 416, 430 

O. 

Oath  of  Office, 

form  of 12,21,33,682,684 

to  be  taken  by  officers  of  the  department  of  stores  and  provisions 239 

purchases 261, 284,  317 

issues 261,278 

Quartermaster's  Department 141, 154, 175, 188 

Hospital  Department 390 

Pay  Department 445, 458, 459, 460 

Freedmen's  Bureau 655, 659 

inspectors  of  contracts 185, 323 

respecting  failure  to  take  the 154,  377, 398, 566 

Oaths, 

form  of,  as  to  correctness  of  muster  rolls 98 

of  witnesses  before  courts-martial 128, 133 

judge-advocates  authorized  to  administer 134 

boards  of  enrollment  empowered  to  administer 673 


INDEX.  761 

Observations,  Page. 

respecting  system  of,  by  Signal  Service 614 

Office, 

civil,  not  to  be  held  by  officers  on  the  active  list 685 

holding  a  civil,  no  bar  to  receiving  half  pay 380, 453 

Officers    (see   Engineer;     Topographical   Engineers;   Signal   and  Staff 
Officers), 
all,  under  rank  of  brigadier-general  may  be  displaced  by  General  Wash- 
ington          12 

grant  of  land  to 11, 19 

(See  Pay;  Rations;  Half  pay;  Servants;  Homes;  Forage;  Baggage 
Wagons;  Bathorses;  Brevets;  Uniform;  Badges;  Retired  List; 
Artificial  Limbs;  Prisoners  of  War.) 

forbidden  to  wear  red  coats 19 

disabled,  to  be  placed  on  list  of  invalids ! 24, 25 

respecting  line,  transferred  to  staff 26, 31,  39,  70,  73, 93, 464, 683, 686 

discharged  in  1815  to  receive  three  months'  pay 27 

entitled  to  pension  for  service  in  the  Revolutionary  war 28, 29 

not  to  receive  extra  allowances  not  authorized  by  law 30 

when  deemed  deserters 32, 33 

claims  of,  entitled  to  retirement 32,  34, 37, 39, 42 

may  purchase  articles  kept  by  Subsistence  Department 35, 41 

length  of  service,  how  computed 36 

respecting  transportation  to,  traveling  without  troops 43 

(See  Mileage;  Leave  of  Absence;  Quarters;  Traveling  Allowances; 
Volunteer  Officers.) 

respecting  detail  of,  for  staff  duty 45, 134, 233,  234, 357, 358, 529, 606,  686 

portmanteaus  and  valises  issued  to 160 

supernumerary,  of  infantry 185,  323, 494, 566, 650 

in  hospitals  to  be  cured  of  venereal  diseases 376 

detail  of,  for  ambulance  duty 420 

settlement  of  accounts  of 456 

assignment  of,  to  duty  as  paymasters 466, 467 

in  Freedmen's  Bureau 656,  657 

(See  Arms;  Patents;  Inventions.) 

on  active  list  not  to  hold  any  Territorial  civil  office 685 

mentioned ' 23,183 

Ogden,  Aaron, 

appointed  brigade-major 60, 66 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade-major  pro  tem 63 

O'Hara,  James, 

mentioned 140,  319, 328 

Ohio  River, 

canal  around  falls  of  the,  mentioned 505 

examination  of  all  bridges  over  the 511, 512 

canal  route  from  Lake  Erie  to  the 526 

<  h.ii'hant,  David, 

elected  deputy  director  of  the  hospitals  of  the  Southern  Army 394 

mentioned 361, 382, 394 

Oliver,  Robert, 

appointed  brigade-major 62 

mentioned 99 

Ordinance, 

for  regulating  the  Clothing  Department 293 

Ordnance  (see  Cannon;  Guns;  Mortars), 

respecting  issues  of  captured 592 

condemned 605 

heavy  rifled 593 

unserviceable,  may  be  sold 582 

obsolete  projectiles  for,  may  be  sold t 595 

depots  of,  authorized 596 

respecting  inventions  of 519, 600 

cost  of,  issued  to  States  and  Territories,  how  credited 602 

contracts  for,  may  l»e  made 604 

may  be  purchased  \vi' bout  advertisement 604 

respecting  freight  charges  on 607 

mentioned 577, 580, 581, 596 


762 


INDEX. 


Ordnance  Bureau,  p&ge. 

pay  of  principal  assistant  in  the 587, 598 

superintendent  of  manufacture  of  iron  cannon  authorized  in  the 585, 586 

to  purchase  or  contract  for  necessary  ordnance  and  stores 604 

Ordnance  Department, 

how  constituted 576, 579,  583, 592, 594, 595,  596,  604, 605,  606 

increased t 584, 586,  590, 591 

respecting  business  of  the,  to  be  done  in  the  field 556 

report  on  condition  of  the 569 

merged  into  the  artillery 581 

act  merging  the,  into  the  artillery  repealed 583 

regulating  number  of  subalterns  transferred  to  the 585 

enlisted  men  of  the,  how  designated 590, 591 

new  appointments  and  promotions  in  the,  forbidden 593 

•  may  be  made 595 

promotions  and  appointments  in  the,  subject  to  examination 594 

(see  Vacancies.  ) 

of  the  Navy  mentioned 602 

respecting  details  for  duty  in  the 581, 606 

mentioned 581,  595,  598,  600, 602 

Ordnance  officers  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

may  be  retained  or  transferred  to  other  corps 581 

superintendents  of  designated  armories  to  be 585, 590, 598 

repealed 588 

who  served  fourteen  years  as  subaltern  to  be  promoted 588, 597 

to  be  examined  prior  to  promotion 591,  597 

(see  Vacancies.) 

examination  to  precede  appointment  as 596 

respecting  examination  of,  who  served  as  volunteers 603 

promotion  of 606 

mentioned 582, 586, 600,  602,  604 

Ordnance  sergeants, 

authorized 583, 595 

how  selected 583, 595 

Ordnance  storekeepers  (see  Rank;  Pay), 

authorized 572,  592, 596,  600, 606 

to  give  bonds 597 

may  be  assigned  as  paymasters  at  arsenals  and  armories 592,  596 

number  of,  limited 585 

mentioned 219, 577, 580, 584, 587 

office  of,  when  to  cease 605 

Ordnance  stores  (see  Chief  of  Ordnance), 

committee  to  consider  means  of  obtaining 535 

respecting  magazines  of 541, 574 

removal  of  certain .• 546, 548 

issues  of,  in  camp 559 

disposition  of  imported 565 

in  fixed  magazines,  how  drawn  out 556 

returns  of,  to  be  made 557, 565, 568,  569, 577, 580,  581 

respecting  embezzlement,  etc. ,  of 561 

not  to  be  sold  without  order  of  Congress 568 

sale  of,  to  be  stopped 569 

respecting  forms  of  returns  and  accounts  of 336,  578 

establishment  of  depots  of,  authorized ■% 580, 596 

damaged  or  unsuitable,  may  be  sold 582, 593, 598 

regulates  purchase  of 589, 590, 604 

cost  of,  issued  to  States  and  Territories,  how  credited 602 

respecting  freight  charges  on 607 

mentioned 537, 541, 543, 544, 547,  551, 552, 553, 556, 557, 564, 568,  572, 573, 587 

Oregon, 

pay  of  ordnance  storekeepers  in 587 

Ores  (see  Lead), 

Orphans, 

of  officers  who  died  of  wounds  entitled  to  pension 24, 26 

mentioned 457 

Otis,  Samuel  A., 

mentioned 277 


INDEX.  763 

Otto,  Bono,  Page. 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay 401 

Otto,  Frederick, 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay 401 

Owings,  Nathaniel, 

mentioned 548 

Oxen, 

number  of,  fit  for  service  to  be  reported 147 

respecting  exchange  of  horses  for  draft 180 

Ox  TEAMS, 

respecting  substitution  of,  for  horse  teams 158 

P. 

Paca,  William, 

member  of  committee 247,  249,  540 

mentioned 146, 250 

Pacific  coast, 

respecting  contracts  for  supplies  needed  on  the 217, 218 

erection  of  gun  factories  on  the 524 

deep-water  harbor  on  the 524 

Pacific  Ocean, 

respecting  railroad  to  the 506 

mentioned 46 

Pack  animals, 

number  of,  limited 228 

Packers, 

authorized 261 

pay  of,  by  whom  regulated 262, 305 

Packets  (see  Letters), 
Pails, 

huts  for  troops  to  be  provided  with >       154 

P\i\e   Robert  Treat 

member  of  committee 247, 363, 535, 538, 539, 540, 543, 545 

mentioned 54, 242 

Palfrey,  William, 

elected  Paymaster-General  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States 446 

pay  increased 450 

allowed  the  sum  of  $20,000  compensation  for  services 453 

appointment  announced  to  the  Army 446 

mentioned 443, 450, 453, 454 

Palmer, , 

mentioned 146,  248, 543 

Pancoast,  David, 

commissioned  captain  of  artillery  artificers 549 

mentioned 554 

Parks,  Theophilus, 

commissioned  lieutenant  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 554 

mentioned 559 

Parke,  John, 

appointed  an  assistant  to  the  Quartermaster-General 141 

Parker,  Daniel, 

mentioned 52,  86, 443 

Parker,  Paul, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 59 

Parole  (see  Exchange), 

prisoners  on,  to  pay  their  own  expenses 647 

Parsons,  S.  II., 

mentioned > 55 

Pabvin,-  Mathew, 

appointment  of,  as  conductor  of  artillery  confirmed 568 

Patten,  Thomas, 

commissioned  captain-lieutenant  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 559 

Patterson, , 

mentioned 59, 89 

Patterson,  Thomas, 

appointed  brigade-major  pro  ban 59 

Patterson,  William, 

mentioned 124 


764  INDEX. 

Pasturage,  Page. 

States  requested  to  procure,  for  public  horses 175 

Patent, 

claims  for  use  of  any,  for  preservation  of  clothing,  etc. ,  not  allowed 220 

Patent  arms  (see  Inventions  J, 

purchase  of,  to  be  authorized  by  law 589 

Patients, 

care  of  medical  and  surgical  patients  in  Washington  City 510 

Paupers, 

care  of  transient,  in  Washington  City 510 

Pay  (see  Half  pay;  Retired  list;  Leave  of  absence), 

of  officers  established 25, 37, 40, 496 

increased 31,  36 

for  every  five  years'  sendee 37, 40 

serving  extraterritorially  increased 47, 48 

on  the  list  of  invalids 24,  25 

of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 53, 55, 57, 60,  61, 62, 

63,  64,  65,  66,  67,  68, 69,  70,  71,  72,  73,  74,  75,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80, 81 

Inspector-General's  Department 89,  90, 92, 93, 

94,  96,  99,  100,  102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 123, 124, 

126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133 

department  of  stores  and  provisions 239 

purchases 262, 304,  305, 335,  336,  337 

issues 262,  264, 266, 296, 304 

hides 263,  298 

military  stores 536, 541, 

545, 546, 551, 552, 557, 560, 562, 563, 567, 571 

musters 631, 633, 634, 635 

clothier's  department 248, 267, 295,  296, 323 

Quartermaster's  Department.  141, 144, 145, 148, 151, 156, 161, 162, 
163,  164,  173,  184,  185,  186,  191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 201, 
203,  204,  205,  206,  207,  208,  210,  218,  222,  223,  231, 232, 233, 336 

Subsistence  Department 338, 339, 

340,  341,  342,  344,  348, 349, 350,  356 

Medical  Department 363, 364,  365,  366, 367,  373, 378, 

387,  388,  391,  394,  396,  397,  398, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 
409,  410,  411,  412,  416,  417,  418,  419,  423,  424,  427,  428,  429,  438 

pay  department 445, 447, 448, 449, 450, 452, 453, 456, 458, 

459,  460,  461,  462,  463,  464,  465,  466,  467,  468, 469, 472, 473,  474 

Corps  of  Engineers 485, 486, 

487, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499,  502, 509, 510, 513 

corps  of  topographical  engineers 499 

Ordnance  Department . .  581,  584, 585, 586, 587, 590, 592,  598, 604 
department  of  the  commissary -general  of  ordnance.  577, 578, 579 

prisoners 639,  644,  645, 650 

Signal  Corps 613,  614,  616, 618, 624 

bureau  of  refugees  and  f  reedmen 655, 656, 657 

provost-marshal  general's  bureau 667, 673, 677 

corps  of  artillery— artificers 550, 553 

professors  of  the  Military  Academy 497, 498 

inspector  of  fortifications 496 

contracts 566 

cattle ". 288,  306 

surveyor  of  ordnance 558 

military  agents  and  assistants 332 

superintendent  of  live  stock 317 

marine  commissioner  of  prisoners 651 

contract  surgeons 436, 438 

paymasters'  clerks 467, 469, 470, 475 

ordnance  sergeants 583, 598 

superintendents  of  armories 581, 584 

national  cemeteries 220,  226 

post  quartermaster-sergeants 229 

commissary  sergeants 349,  351 

hospital  stewards 411, 414,  417, 433 

company  of  sappers  and  miners 504 

engineer  battalion 508, 510, 514, 515 


INDEX.  765 

Pay — Continued.  Page. 

of  artificers 497 

artillery  artificers 560, 561, 562 

topographical  engineer  soldiers 509 

enlisted  men  of  the  Hospital  Corps..., 434 

Corps  of  Engineers 511 

ordnance 590, 591, 598 

the  Signal  Corps 617, 620, 625 

hospital  matrons : 431 

nurses 416,431,439 

employees  in  the  department  of  stores  and  provisions .  244, 245,  246, 247, 251 ,  253 

purchases 317 

issues 296 

military  stores 545, 549 

commissary-general  of  ordnance 577 

Quartermaster's  Department 197, 198, 199,  224 

armories 572,575,584,585,588,598 

bakers 253,281,318 

respecting  deficiency  of,  by  reason  of  depreciated  bills  of  credit 17, 19 

purchase  of  goods  on  account  of 19 

accounts  for,  how  made 20 

States  requested  to  discharge  deficiency  on  additional 22 

three  months,  allowed  to  officers  deranged  in  1815 27 

1818 29 

warrant  staff  officers 28 

of  engineer  member  of  Deep  Waterways  Commission 528 

Pay  Department  (see  Vacancies), 

how  organized 463,469,472,474,476,477,478 

increased 466,467,468 

report  of  committee  on  the 457 

no  new  appointments  or  promotions  to  be  made  in  the 473, 475 

section  6  of  act  of  March  3, 1869,  modified  as  to  the 473 

number  of  majors  in  the,  reduced 476, 477 

all  appropriations  under,  to  constitute  one  fund 477 

vacancy  in  position  of  chief  of  the,  how  filled 479 

officers  of  the,  not  to  command  in  the  line  or  other  corps 468, 474 

disbursing  officers  of  the,  to  renew  their  bonds 469, 475 

respecting  command  in  the 468 

to  make  payments  to  the  Nurse  Corps 439, 478 

respecting  details  for  duty  in  the 478, 479 

mentioned 478  479 

Paymaster-General  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 445, 458, 459, 463,  465, 469, 472, 473, 474, 476, 478 

how  appointed 472, 475 

to  give  bonds  and  take  the  oath  of  office 445 

appointed 445, 446, 454 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 446 

duties  of 322, 

446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 464, 465, 469,  470, 472 

to  keep  his  office  when  Congress  may  sit 452 

near  headquarters  of  main  army 451, 459 

authorized  to  appoint  his  assistant  and  deputy 455 

services  of,  united  with  those  of  commissioner  of  Army  accounts 457 

to  frank  and  receive  letters,  etc.,  free  of  postage 465 

(nee  Paymaster  of  the  Army), 

to  perform  his  duties  under  direction  of  the  President 460, 474 

ex  officio  Commissioner  of  Soldier's  Home 470 

vacancy  in  position  of,  how  filled 479 

mentioned 448, 452, 453, 454, 455,  467 

assistant,  authorized : 448, 449 

appointed 449 

deputy,  authorized 445, 452, 461,  468 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 445 

appointed 446,447,448,453 

duties  of 446,447,448,449,450,451,474 

allowed  commission  on  disbursements 454 

respecting  issue  of  small  supply  of  shirts  and  linen  to  the 304,  447 

authorized  to  appoint  assistants 445, 449 


766  INDEX. 

Paymaster-General — Continued.  Page. 

deputy,  assistant,  authorized 461 

respecting  retention  of 463 

discharge  of  two,  revoked 469 

mentioned 448 

Paymaster  of  the  Army  (see  Pay), 

authorized 457, 460 

to  give  bonds 458 

duties  of 457, 460, 463 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 460 

retained 461 

mentioned 463 

Paymasters  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 449, 451, 469, 472, 474, 478 

appointed 445  446, 447, 448 

to  give  bonds 445 

hospital,  to  draw  clothing 381 

of  regiments  mentioned 456 

Corps  of  Engineers  attached  to  Pay  Department 466 

(see  District  paymasters;  Battalion  paymasters), 

authorized  to  appoint  clerks 466, 467, 475 

respecting  officers  of  the  line  acting  as 467 

number  of,  reduced 467, 473, 474, 476, 477 

discharged  on  reduction  to  receive  three  months'  pay 468 

to  be  examined 470, 471 

respecting  settlement  of  accounts  of 473 

to  issue  deposit  books  to  soldiers.  - 473, 475 

how  selected 469,  472 

mode  of  selection  of,  repealed 473 

additional,  authorized 466, 467, 468, 474 

may  be  retained 469, 478 

to  be  examined 470 

officers  of  the  line  may  be  assigned  to  duty  as 466 

(see  Retired  list;  Vacancies.) 

how  appointed  from  civil  life 477 

respecting  pay  of  military  storekeepers  designated  as 584 

mentioned 27, 455, 469, 472,  478, 549 

assistant,  authorized 445, 449, 455 

to  give  bonds - 448 

deputy,  authorized 455 

appointed 453 

allowed  one  wagon 172, 187, 454, 456 

mentioned 449, 452 

Paymaster's  clerks  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized . 464, 467, 469, 470, 475 

Payments, 

respecting,  of  claims  for  supplies  furnished - 212 

for  goods,  etc.,  taken  in  Philadelphia 293 

of  extra  pay  for  service  in  Mexican  war 469 

to  sick  and  wounded  soldiers 470 

of  bounty 471,472,473,474,659,660 

of  claims  of  disloyal  persons  forbidden 424, 472,  511,  686,  687 

to  the  Army,  how  made 445, 455, 460, 461,  462,  463, 474, 475 

Nurse  Corps,  by  whom  made •-. . . 439, 478 

Pay  rolls, 

how  made 447 

Peabody, , 

member  of  committee 17 

mentioned 17 

Peale,  St.  George, 

elected  commissary  of  military  stores  in  Maryland -  - -  -       545 

mentioned 533 

Peck,  William, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 55 

appointed  brigade-major 55 

appointment  of,  as  deputy  adjutant-general,  confirmed 58 

Peers,  Valentine, 

appointed  brigade-major 58 


INDEX.  767 

Pelliser,  Christopher,  Page, 

appointed  an  engineer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 486 

Pemberton,  Robert, 

appointed  assistant  adjutant-general  . . .'. 64 

Pendleton,  James  Jauncey, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  magazine  keeper 245 

Penet  &  Co., 

mentioned .* 563 

Penet  &  Couloux,  (Messrs.) 

contract  with 555 

mentioned 555 

Penet,  Windel  &  Co., 

mentioned 555 

Penn,  John, 

member  of  committee 247 

appointed  to  visit  hospitals 376 

Pennsylvania, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

requested  to  authorize  impressment  of  provisions   in  hands  of  engross- 
ers   158,289 

requested  not  to  grant  exemptions  from  embargo 289 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166,167 

provisions 306, 313 

how  paid  for 307, 313 

when  deliverable 307, 315 

wagons  of  the,  line  to  be  put  in  order 180 

to  request  contribution  of  blankets,  etc 249 

requested  to  permit  vessels  to  load  with  provisions  for  Eastern  States 288 

furnish  flour  or  wheat 303 

cattle . 310 

lay  up  military  stores,  etc 544 

impress  arms  m  Philadelphia 548 

to  furnish  one  regiment  of  artificers 562 

German  prisoners  of  war  to  be  removed  to 649 

mentioned 145, 155, 

252, 264, 271, 272,  279, 280, 287,  311,  367, 380, 381, 447, 536,  545, 546, 562 

Pensacola  Bay, 

erection  of  an  arsenal  on 583 

Pension  Bureau, 

respecting  erection  of  a  building  for  the 227 

Pension  laws, 

provisions  of,  applicable  to  the  men  in  the  several  staff  corps 208, 

342, 413,  504,  586 

Pensions, 

respecting,  to  nurses , 435 

to  men  who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war 28, 29, 409 

disabled  officers  of  Provost-Marshal -General's  Bureau 680 

Pepper, 

army  ration  to  include 346, 351 

Perry,  Ebenezer, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Peruvian  bark, 

to  be  sent  to  the  Southern  Department 365, 367 

Peters,  Andrew, 

appointed  brigade-major 62 

Petti  no  ill,  Joseph, 

appointed  brigade  inspector -_ 95 

Pettit,  Charles, 

appointed  assistant  quartermaster-general 156, 176 

permitted  to  resign 182 

Philadelphia.  . 

number  of  horses  and  oxen  in,  fit  for  service  to  be  reported 147 

n-p.c  ting  goods,  etc.,  seized  in 159, 161,290,293 

magazines  of  provisions  to  be  formed  in  or  near 250 

leaden  spouts  in,  to  be  taken  down  lor  laboratory 548 

onlv  an  issuing  store  and  laboratory  to  be  kept  in 562 

mentioned,,.; 183,250,367,522,544,545,550,570,571 


768  INDEX. 

Philippines  (see  Badges),  Pase. 

pay  of  officers  in  the,  increased 47 

mentioned 233, 626 

Philips,  Peter, 

elected  commissary  of  hides 263 

declined  appointment 265 

pay  and  rations  of,  as  storekeeper 244 

mentioned 238,265 

Phumekin, 

mentioned 383 

Physician  and  Surgeon  (see  Chief  physician  and  surgeon)  , 

authorized 366 

Physician  and  Surgeon-General  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized,  duties  of 372, 408 

appointed 373, 374 

entitled  to  draw  clothing 381 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 408 

mentioned 380 

Physician-Generals  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 371,403,404 

appointed 373,  374, 375 

duties  of 371,374,378,404 

Physician  in  Chief  (see  Director  and  physician  in  chief)  . 

Pickering,  Timothy, 

elected  quartermaster-general 176 

continued  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  war 176 

to  have  rank  of  colonel  and  the  pay  and  rations  of  brigadier-general  over 

and  above  pay  of  quartermaster-general 176 

member  of  committee 17 

appointed  adjutant-general 58 

mentioned 17,51,69,140,176 

Pierce,  John, 

elected  deputy  paymaster-general 453 

paymaster-general 454 

mentioned. 443 

Pike, , 

to  superintend  military  hospital  at  Williamsburg 395 

Pike,  Zebulon  M., 

mentioned 52,  86 

Pioneers, 

corps  of,  to  be  raised 184 

Pittsburg,  Pa., 

mentioned 195, 585 

Plan, 

of  the  inspecting  and  mustering  department 96 

for  conducting  the  inspectors'  department 100 

respecting,  for  an  artillery  yard 544 

Platt, , 

appointed  division  inspector 100 

Platt, , 

mentioned 182 

Platt,  Richard, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade-major 55 

mentioned 55 

Poe,  David, 

appointed  quartermaster  for  the  town  of  Baltimore 153 

Points  Capistrans  and  Duma, 

mentioned 524 

Pontoniers  (see  Engineer  soldiers), 

Poor,  Enoch, 

mentioned 60,62,89,95 

Pork  (see  Barrels), 

exportation  of,  prohibited 251 

North  Carolina  to  lay  an  embargo  on  all 280 

to  be  procured 282 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 312,313,314,315 

may  be  received  in  lieu  of  flour ,,„,„.„.,,..,.,      316 


INDEX.  769 

Portage  Lake  and  River  Improvement  Company  Canal,  Page. 

mentioned 521 

Porter,  Jabez, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  magazine  keeper 245 

PORTERFIELD,   ROBERT, 

to  do  duty  of  brigade-major  pro  tempore 61 

mentioned 61 

Portland  and  Louisville  Canal, 

mentioned 524 

PORTM  A  NTEAU8, 

respecting,  furnished  to  officers 160 

Port  Orford,  Oreg., 

respecting  harbor  of  refuge  at 524 

Porto  Rico, 

actual  expenses  only  for  travel  to  and  from 46 

pay  of  officers  serving  in,  increased 47 

Postage  (see  Letters), 

accounts  for  official,  how  paid 681 

Post  commissary-sergeants, 

commissary -sergeants  to  be  known  as 357 

Post  exchanges, 

respecting  use  of  public  buildings  by 230 

Postmaster  (see  Rations), 

allowance  of  transportation  to  the  field 172 

Post  quartermaster-sergeants, 

authorized 228, 233 

duties  and  pay  of 229 

number  of,  increased 232 

Posts, 

limiting  expenditure  on  buildings  at 229 

respecting  use  of  buildings  by  post  exchanges 230 

rations  may  be  issued  to  Indians  visiting 341 

meteorological  observations  to  be  taken  at 614, 616 

Post  surgeons, 

authorized 409 

garrison  surgeons  and  mates  considered  as 689 

Potomac  River, 

mentioned 397 

Potomac  waterworks, 

to  be  placed  in  charge  of  an  engineer  officer 506 

supervision  of  the,  transferred  to  Department  of  the  Interior 509 

Potts,  Jonathan, 

to  be  employed  as  physician  and  surgeon 366 

elected  deputy  director-general  of  hospital  in  Northern  Department 374 

mentioned: 369, 378 

Powder  (see  Gunpowder), 

POWDERHORNS, 

horns  of  bullocks  killed  to  be  made  into 142,  242, 538 

Powder  magazines, 

precautions  against  fire  in 566, 567 

Powder  mills, 

in  State  of  New  York  to  be  put  in  order 535 

colonies  requested  to  erect 540 

Precincts, 

construction  of  word,  in  enrollment  act 676 

Powell,  John  W., 

mentioned 349 

Power,  Alexander, 

commissioned  quartermaster  to  the  corps  of  artillery  artificers 550 

Pratt,  John, 

mentioned 51 

President  of  the  United  States  (see  Clothing;  Uniform), 

authorized  to  make  calls  for  military  service 670 

assign  to  districts  number  of  men  to  be  furnished 668 

make  recess  appointments 25, 68, 

70,  71, 105, 107, 109, 193, 195, 199, 335, 403, 407, 462, 466, 614 

S.  Doc.  229 49 


770  INDEX. 

Preston,  Will,  Page- 
commissioned  second  lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers 549 

Price,  J., 

elected  deputy  commissary-general  for  the  army  in  Canada 243 

Price,  William, 

member  of  committee 544 

Prices, 

States  requested  to  adopt  a  temporary  regulation  of 153, 274,  550 

furnish  list  of,  current  in  1774 305 

standard  of,  for  medical  stores  to  be  established 398 

Priming, 

improvement  in  mode  of,  to  be  applied  to  old  or  new  arms 588 

Princeton,  N.  J., 

quartermaster's  stores  in,  to  be  removed 152 

Printing, 

respecting,  of  reports  of  heads  of  bureaus 31, 41 

cost  of  public,  not  to  exceed  allotment 44 

Printing  office  (see  Government  Printing  Office). 

Prison  (see  Military  prison). 

Prisoners  of  war  (see  Commissary  of  prisoners), 

respecting  provisions  for 275, 

278, 290, 291, 299, 300, 322, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 648,  651 

hospital  for  sick 391 

exchange  of 642,  643, 644, 645, 649, 650, 651 

pay  of  officers  and  men  made 645 

removal  of 649 

Spanish,  in  New  York 645 

governor  of  Virginia  to  superintend  camp  for,  in  that  State 160 

may  be  furnished  for  work  in  lead  mines 549, 641 

log  barracks  to  be  provided  for,  in  Virginia 640 

captured  by  French  fleet,  how  provided  for 642 

sailors  on  board  captured  ships  considered  as 640 

all,  of  the  Saratoga  convention  to  be  removed  to  Virginia 643 

on  parole  to  pay  their  own  expenses 647 

President  to  make  regulations  for  safekeeping  of 651 

mentioned 280,  394, 639, 640, 642,  644, 645,  646,  647,  648, 649 

Produce  (see  Provisions), 

conditional  exportation  of,  authorized 536, 539,  690 

Professors, 

at  the  Military  Academy  authorized 497, 498 

Projectiles, 

respecting  experiments  in  high  explosive 601 

Promotions  (see  Examination;  Vacancy), 

power  of,  reserved  by  Congress 11 

in  staff  of  the  Army  how  made 31 ,  39 

transfers  to  the  staff  to  be  without  prejudice  to,  in  the  line 30, 39, 98 

to  cease  in  the  Army  after  June  18,  1878 42 

to  be  by  seniority 44, 81, 117, 134,  206 

no  new,  to  be  made  in  staff  corps  or  departments 77, 

78, 112, 113, 114,  219,  224, 349, 425, 473, 475, 511, 593, 597 

law  forbidding,  repealed 78, 115,  222, 350, 428, 513, 595 

after  fourteen  years'  service  authorized 210,  506, 514, 588 

in  Corps  of  Engineers  above  rank  of  colonel  forbidden 512 

restriction  on,  in  Corps  of  Engineers  repealed 519 

engineer  officer  to  have  served  three  years  in  grade  before 527 

Providence,  R.  I., 

mentioned 59, 571 

Providence  Hospital, 

expenditure  of  appropriations  for,  by  whom  controlled 425 

mentioned 425 

Providence  Plantations, 

mentioned 449,535,635 

Provisions, 

magazines  of,  to  be  inspected 87,  253 

formed 242,245,250,291,310,324 

respecting,  for  forces  on  Lake  Champlain 239 

issue  of,  to  hospitals 267,370,376 

members  of  Congress 269 


INDEX.  771 

Provisions — Continued.  Page. 

respecting  of,  issue  of,  for  prisoners  of  war 278, 291,  640, 641, 644 

the  people  of  the  Eastern  States 288 

exportation  of,  prohibited 246, 286,  289 

importation  of,  authorized 250 

(see  Beef;  Rice;  Vegetables.  ) 

respecting,  for  the  Northern  Army 246 

various  commands 248,  286,  290, 643 

impressment  of,  authorized 268,  273,  276,  289 

purchase  of,  authorized 280 

(see  Prices.) 

to  be  furnished  the  French  squadron 287,  289 

quotas  of,  to  be  furnished  by  the  States. .  304, 306,  307, 308, 312,  313, 314,  315, 316 

contracts  for  and  purchases  of,  how  made 328 

mentioned 249,  258, 259,  260,  261,  277,  280, 281, 289,  292,  322,  371, 454 

Provost-Marshal-General  (see  Rank;  Pay), 

authorized 667 

duties  of 667,670,676,679 

mentioned 668,  669 

Provost-Marshal-General's  Bureau, 

respecting  continuance  of  the 680 

Provost-marshals  (see  Baggage  wagons;  Forage), 

authorized 667 

duties  of 667, 673 

disabled  in  line  of  duty  entitled  to  pension 680 

mentioned 674, 678 

Property  (see  Public  property), 

Publications, 

sale  of  surplus,  of  the  Signal  Office 615, 616 

Public  buildings  and  grounds  (see  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds). 

Public  library  (see  Washington  Public  Library), 

Public  park, 

respecting  establishment  of  a,  in  District  of  Columbia 524 

Public  property  (see  Superintendent  of  finance)  , 

respecting  returns  of 176, 177,  230,  326, 354, 435, 526,  603 

sale  of 178 

accountability  for,  of  the  Signal  Corps 621 

expenditures  for  improving,  in  Washington  City,  by  whom  controlled  ...      511 
board  to  examine  classes  and  kinds  of,  in  the  Signal  Service 623,  624 

Public  stores  (see  Hospital;  Military;  Subsistence  stores), 

respecting  removal  of 147, 152, 155,  369,  376 

issues  of,  to  members  of  Congress 153, 157, 166,  269 

payment  of  certificates  given  for  purchase  of 160, 177, 178,  309 

waste  or  embezzlement  of,  how  punished 177,  308, 383, 561 

returns  of,  to  be  made 190, 326, 401 

mentioned 12, 

153, 212, 231, 240, 255, 256, 258, 259,  260, 331, 403, 492, 550, 568, 575 

Public  supplies  (see  Superintendent  of  finance;  Commissary-general  of 
purchases;  Purveyor  of  public  supplies), 

respecting  necessary,  to  be  procured 145 

States  to  be  called  on  to  furnish  their  quotas  of 165 

respecting  allowance  to  contractors  for  furnishing 191 

contracts  for,  how  made 193, 228, 331, 338, 402, 403, 571, 575 

respecting  returns  and  accounts  of 199,  200, 407 

proposals  for 214,  217 

miscellaneous  issues  of 220 

mentioned 200, 214, 215,  216,  223,  224, 225,  339, 356, 657, 686,  687, 689 

Puget  Sound, 

mentioned ., 524 

Pulaski,  Casimir, 

mentioned 59, 451 

Purcell,  Henry, 

appointment  of,  as  deputy  judge-advocate,  confirmed 124 

Purchasing  Department, 

how  organized 337 

mentioned 201,339,340 

abolished 206 


772 


INDEX. 


Purchases  (see  Board  of  War;  Board  of  War  and  Ordnance;  Commissary- 
General  of  Purchases;  Clothier-General),  Page. 

respecting  agents  of  States  for  making 155 

discontinued  in  States  undertaking  to  furnish  their  quotas 165, 167,  304 

of  wheat  for  forage  not  to  be  made 159,  288 

how  made 174, 191, 193, 196,  208,  209,  225,  228, 331, 

332, 343,  344, 352, 402, 403, 406,  415, 431, 507, 508, 571, 575, 589,  599 

respecting  certificates  given  for,  made 160, 177, 178,  309 

returns  of,  to  be  made 178 

(see   Superintendent    of    Finance;    Prices;    Ordnance;    Ordnance 
Stores.  ) 

respecting,  of  patented  firearms 209, 343,  507, 589 

miscellaneous,  in  Philadelphia  authorized 249 

under  $200  may  be  made  in  open  market 230,  435,  526,  603, 624 

of  land  by  freedmen 656 

mentioned 199, 200,  213, 215, 216, 223, 255,  350, 432, 590 

Putnam,  Israel, 

montioned 250,  269,  272, 545 

Putnam,  Rufus, 

appointed  engineer  with  rank  of  colonel 486 

appointment  announced  to  the  army 486 

mentioned 483 

Purveyor  of  public  supplies, 

authorized 329,  402, 573 

duties  of 193,331,403,573,575 

salary  of 496, 499 

mentioned 192,  331,  403 

office  of,  abolished 335 

Q. 

Quartermaster-General    (see     Rank;    Pay;     Rations;    Forage;    Baggage 
wagons), 

authorized 141, 156, 167, 186, 193, 194, 195,  200,  202,  203,  204,  218,  222,  223,  233 

appointed 141,144,145,156,175,176 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  army 144 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 141 

how  appointed 196,219,224 

to  give  bonds 199 

duties  of 99, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 

158,  160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 
181,  182, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 204, 206, 213,  214, 215,  217, 
221,  223,  224,  225,  226,  227,  228,  229, 232,  240, 242,  321,  387,  451, 540, 552 

may  be  taken  from  the  line 201 

letters,  etc. ,  to  and  from  the,  free  of  postage 183, 197,  201,  205 

entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Yorktown  capitulation 19 

retained 202 

President  may  designate  an  officer  to  act  as 205 

ex  officio  commissioner  of  Soldiers'  Home 208,  228 

vacancy  in  grade  of,  how  filled 234 

mentioned 90, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 

148,  149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 
179,  181,  182,  183,  184, 189, 190, 197, 198, 204, 208,  211,  224,  230,  253,  258 

assistant,  authorized 156, 167,  206,  218,  222,  223, 233 

appointed 141,143,176 

duties  of 150,156,158,168,169 

mentioned 176, 194 

office  of,  abolished 182 

deputy,  authorized 141, 143, 

151, 152, 154, 167, 176, 183, 186, 194, 199, 200,  202, 206, 218,  222, 223,  233 

appointed 143,144,152,180 

to  take  the  oath  of  office 141, 154 

duties  of 143, 

144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 167, 180, 182, 200,  241 

entitled  to  benefits  under  Yorktown  capitulation 19 

receiving  commissions  not  entitled  to  pay  or  rations 162 

may  be  taken  from  the  line 201 

retained 202 


INDEX.  773 

Quartermaster-General — Continued. 

[deputy]  (see  Vacancies),  Page. 

mentioned 142,149,150,151,158 

assistant,  authorized  .    156, 199, 200 

appointed 144, 147 

duties  of 150 

may  be  taken  from  the  line 201 

mentioned 156, 208 

Quartermaster-General's  Office, 

divisions  established  in  the 212,  213,  214 

Quartermaster  of  the  Army  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 191 

Quartermasters  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage;  Baggage  wagons), 

authorized 194,  204,  207,  217, 218,  222,  223, 231, 232, 233, 492 

appointed 152, 153, 550 

duties  of 150, 153, 154, 184, 196,  202,  215,  217, 223, 568 

discharge  of,  revoked 208 

to  be  examined 211, 212 

mentioned 154, 160 

district,  not  to  be  taken  from  the  line 201 

assistant,  authorized 195, 202,  204,  206,  207,  218,  222, 231, 233 

how  appointed 196 

appointed 146 

to  give  bonds -. 196 

duties  of 146, 196,  204,  223 

discharge  of,  revoked 208 

to  be  examined 211,  212 

(see  Vacancies.  ) 

chief  of  division  ambulance  corps  to  be  acting 422 

mentioned 206 

deputy,  authorized 175, 176, 186, 195 

how  appointed 196 

appointed 143, 147 

to  give  bonds 199 

duties  of 150, 158, 180, 196, 450 

mentioned 197, 450 

Quartermaster's  Department  (see  Board  of  War;  Committees  of  Congress), 

respecting  new  arrangement  of  the 155, 156 

how  constituted 167, 186, 195,  200,  202,  203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 232, 233 

increased 206,207,208,210,231,232 

inquiry  to  be  made  into  conduct  of  officers  of  the 160, 163 

all  officers  of  the,  to  take  the  oath  of  office 175, 188 

give  bonds 202 

respecting  settlement  of  business  of  the  late 183 

report  on  operations  of  the 190 

(see  Contracts;  Purchases;  Vacancies.) 

corps  of  artificers  attached  to  the 198 

all  appointments  in  the,  to  be  made  from  the  Army 206 

duties  of  purchasing  department  devolved  upon  officers  of  the 206 

promotions  to  rank  of  najor  in  the,  how  made 207 

inspectors  of  the,  how  selected 207 

strict  inspection  of  the,  to  be  made 217 

no  new  appointments  or  promotions  to  be  made  in  the 219 

respecting  appointments  and  promotions  in  the 222 

detai Is  f or  duty  i  n  the 233,  234 

appointments  to  grade  of  captain  in  the,  how  made 233,  23-1 

mentioned 152, 

157, 160, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183, 184,  200,  204,  205,  212,  213, 214, 
215, 216,  217,  220,  221,  222,  223, 224, 225,  228,  229,  230,  231, 232,  233 
Quarters  (see  Rations), 

officers  absent  exceeding  six  months  not  entitled  to  allowance  for 32 

pay  of  officers  to  be  in  Full  of  commutation  of 37 

may  be  furnished  in  kind 38, 40, 42, 220 

when  commutation  of,  allowed 42 

storekeepers  of  Quartermaster's  Department  entitled  to,  in  kind 208 

superintendents  of  national  cemeteries  to  1h>  furnished 220,226 

limitation  to  cost  of  construction  of 229 

nurses  entitled  to 439 


774  INDEX. 

Quarters — Continued.  Pa&e- 

respecting  commutation  of,  to  officers  and  men  in  arctic  regions 690 

claims  of,  for  servants  not  allowed 684 

mentioned 209,220,223,226,229,343,344 

Quebec, 

mentioned 243 

Quotas, 

States  to  be  called  on  to  furnish  their,  of  supplies 165,  304 

of  States  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

provisions 306, 307 

mentioned 165, 304 

respecting,  of  men  for  military  service 670,  672, 677, 678, 679, 680 

R. 

Railroad, 

respecting,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific  Ocean 506 

Ramsay,  George  D., 

mentioned 534 

Randolph,  Edmund, 

appointed  deputy  muster-master-general  for  the  Southern  Department. . .       632 

authorized  to  appoint  two  deputies 632 

Rank, 

of  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 53, 

55,  60,  68, 69,  70,  72,  73,  74,  75,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81 

Inspector-General's  Department 87,  89, 90, 92,  96, 100, 102, 

103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 123, 

124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135 

Bureau  of  Military  Justice 131, 132 

Quartermaster's  Department 141, 143, 144, 

145, 147, 151, 152, 191, 193, 194, 196, 201 ,  203,  204,  206, 
207,  210,  211,  216,  217,  218,  219,  222, 223,  231,  232,  233 

Subsistence  Department 338, 339, 

340,  341,  342,  344, 345,  346, 348, 349, 350, 355,  356, 357 

Medical  Department 416, 

417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429,  436, 437 

Pay  Department 469, 472, 473, 474, 478 

Corps  of  Engineers 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 

490,  491,  494,  495, 496, 497, 509,  510, 513, 526, 527, 529 

Corps  of  Topographical  Engineers 499, 502 

Ordnance  Department 548, 577, 

578,  579,  583,  584, 586,  590, 591, 592, 594, 596,  604, 605 

Signal  Corps 613,  614, 616, 618, 623, 624,  625, 626 

Volunteer  Signal  Corps 625 

Department  of  Musters 633, 635 

Provost-Marshal-General's  Bureau 667, 677 

respecting,  of  hospital  surgeons 366,  399 

of  medical  officers,  how  arranged 413, 433 

no,  annexed  to  officers  in  Department  of  Military  Stores 552 

appointments  on  civil  staff  confer  no,  in  the  Army 635 

mentioned 185,323,416,434,456,494,566,650 

Rapalje, , 

mentioned 364 

Rations  (see  Subsistence  money;  Subsistence  stores), 

allowance  of,  to  general  and  line  officers . .  11, 20,  25, 67,  70, 240, 243,  332, 496,  681 

officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 56, 

60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,  70,  71,  74 

Inspector-General's  Department 90, 

92, 94, 96, 104, 105, 106 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 124, 

125, 126, 127, 128 

Department  of  Stores  and  Supplies 248 

Purchases 262, 304, 305, 317 

Issues 262 

Hides 298 

Military  Stores 551, 

552, 557, 561, 562, 566, 567 


INDEX.  775 

Rations — Continued.  Page. 

allowance  of.  to  officers  of  the  Clothier's  Department 248,  267,  296, 323 

Quartermaster's  Department. . .  146, 162, 183, 184, 
185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 196, 197, 198, 199,  208, 324 

Medical  Department 373, 388, 397,  399, 400, 

401, 402, 405, 406, 407, 408, 411 

Pay  Department 446, 447, 449, 455, 458, 459 

Corps  of  Engineers 486, 492, 497 

Ordnance  Department 577, 579 

Department  of  Musters 633 

Prisoners  of  War 639, 650, 651 

corps  of  artificers 164, 198 

artillery  artificers 550, 553 

geographers 325, 494, 495 

paymaster's  clerks 470 

superintendents  of  armories 575, 581 

superintendent  of  bakers 253,  281, 318 

company  of  bakers 281 

sappers  and  miners 504 

topographical  engineer  soldiers 509 

master  armorers 575, 581 

hospital  stewards 411 

wagon  masters. 188, 197, 324 

conductors 189, 324 

forage  masters 197, 206,  224, 324 

artificers  of  Quartermaster's  Department 324 

engineers 497 

wagoners 161 ,  163 

matrons 332, 423, 431, 689 

nurses 332,417,431,439,689 

employees  of  Department  of  Stores  and  Supplies 244,  245 

Ordnance  Department 549, 577, 581 

established 240, 

241, 242, 285, 295, 305, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 344, 345, 346,  351, 688, 689 

President  authorized  to  make  alterations  in 338 

commutation  price  of 11, 14, 18, 26,  31, 35,  242,  261,  333, 450, 451 

(seeRim;  Coffee;  Sugar;  Peppeb), 

no  officer  to  draw  more  than  one 14 

compensation  allowed  for  neglect  to  draw 21 

officers'  servants  entitled  to 17,  25,  28 

one  extra,  allowed  for  every  regimental  coat  turned 22 

additional,  for  every  five  years'  service 29,  36, 412 

back,  not  allowed 30 

to  disabled  officers  when  retired 32 

officers  in  the  field  permitted  to  purchase 35, 39 

increased  commutation  of,  when  not  allowed 36 

pay  of  officers  to  be  in  full  of  longevity 37 

respecting  purchase  of,  on  credit 35,  41 ,  687 

half  a,  allowed  for  cutting  wood  for  hospitals 190 

of  soap  may  be  increased 265 

cost  of  each  part  of  a,  to  be  computed 277 

commanders  of  armies  to  determine,  to  be  issued 288 

of  flour  reduced 300 

officers  to  be  furnished  two,  per  day 311 

not  to  draw,  on  public  account 322 

respecting  contracts  made  for  supplying 327, 328 

to  troops  on  the  frontiers  augmented 329, 330, 352 

officers'  servants  not  soldiers ^ 333 

detachments  of  seamen  and  marines 337 

various  issues  of,  authorized 341, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356 

payment  of  commutation  of,  to  prisoners  ot  war 348 

vegetables  added  to  the 354 

respecting,  for  released  prisoners  of  war 642, 644 

prisoners  of  war 643, 645 

mentioned 17, 

19,  20,  21,  56,  58,  98,  184,  227, 245, 249,  252, 260,  261 ,  272,  287,  296, 306, 
311, 322, 323, 324, 325, 382, 397, 398, 405, 455, 471,47..  V  W,  601,  634, 640 
Rawhides  («ee  Commissary  of  hides), 

respecting  manufacture  of  shoes  from 270, 274 


776  INDEX. 

Reading,  Pa.,  Page. 

respecting  escape  of  prisoners  of  war  from 650 

Rebellion  (see  Badges;  Uniform), 

modified  oath  for  those  who  participated  in  late 682 

Confederate  officers  not  eligible  to  appointment  in  the  Army 683 

Recruiting  agents, 

respecting,  in  the  Southern  States 677, 680 

Recruits, 

not  subject  to  draft,  how  credited 680 

Red  coats, 

officers  forbidden  to  wear 19 

Reed,  George, 

member  of  committee 540 

mentioned 160 

Reed,  Joseph, 

elected  adjutant-general 55 

appointment  announced 55 

mentioned 3, 51 

Reed,  Thomas, 

appointed  assistant  paymaster-general 449 

elected  deputy  paymaster-general  at  Albany 453 

mentioned 453 

Reed,  William, 

elected  hospital  physician 394 

Reedy  Island,  Pa., 

respecting  dike  between,  and  Sistons  Point 526 

Refugees  (see  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen), 

respecting  issue  of  provisions  and  fuel  to 655 

medical  stores,  etc.,  to 657 

lands  set  apart  for  use  of 656 

Regimental  surgeons, 

respecting,  and  mates  absent  without  leave 372 

mentioned 373 

Regiments  (see  Uniform), 

commanders  of,  not  to  muster  their  own  commands 98 

to  report  health  of  their  troops 369 

members  of,  to  receive  an  extra  ration  for  every  coat  turned 22 

respecting  colors  of 143 

transportation  of  tents  of 187 

surgeons  of  volunteer 413 

not  belonging  to  any  State  line 395 

to  send  officers  to  buy  arms 538, 539 

respecting  requisitions  for  arms,  etc.,  for 568 

mentioned 391,456,559 

Register  (see  Army  Register). 

Regnier, , 

•  appointed  subinspector 94 

assigned  to  Generals  Clinton's  and  Stark's  brigades 94 

Regulations  (see  General  Regulations), 

for  the  exercise  of  the  troops 90, 92, 96 

muster  and  inspection 96 

to  be  approved  by  Congress 99 

commissary  and  clothier's  departments 286 

department  of  hides .' 285, 297 

military  stores 552 

Quartermaster's  Department 155, 157, 186 

Corps  of  Engineers 490 

Ordnance  Department 581, 597 

corps  of  wagoners 161, 162, 451, 635 

government  of  hospitals 404,  405 

issue  of  artificial  limbs 425 

relative  to  prisoners  of  war 651 

mentioned 91,93,677 

Remick,  Timothy, 

to  do  duty  of  inspector 100 

Rent, 

of  buildings  in  Virginia  and  at  Philadelphia  and  West  Point 571 

land  set  apart  for  refugees  and  freedmen 656 


INDEX.  777 

Repairs,  Page. 

to  old  Ford's  Theater 525 

house  in  which  Mr.  Lincoln  died 528 

Reports, 

by  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 55 

department  of  purchases  and  issues 245 

clothier's  department 326 

Quartermaster's  Department 143 

Hospital  Department ". 368 

Ordnance  Department 578, 580, 596 

department  of  musters 632 

Signal  Office 614, 616 

Bureau  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees 656 

colonels  of  regiments 369 

on  condition  of  the  branches  of  the  War  Department 190, 

327, 328, 457, 569, 570, 571 

mentioned 451 ,  675, 676 

Resignation, 

officers  leaving  their  post  prior  to  acceptance  of,  deemed  deserters 32, 33 

Resistance, 

to  draft,  how  punished 673 

Resolves  of  Congress, 

repealed 20,  65,  96, 127, 162, 184, 186, 318, 321, 323, 379,  397, 455, 566, 567 

in  part 64, 102, 183,  389, 567 

relative  to  the  government  of  the  Army  to  be  compiled 14 

Hospital  Department  to  be  revised 382 

mentioned 381,  382,  397,  451,  455, 565 

Retired  list  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Uniform), 

officers  may  be  placed  on  the,  after  30  years'  service 37, 39 

40  years'  service 32, 39 

45  years'  service 34, 39 

on  reaching  the  age  of  64 42 

paymasters  may  be  placed  on  the,  after  20  years'  service 476 

officers  on  the,  may  be  assigned  to  certain  duties 32 

entitled  to  longevity  rations 36 

not  to  be  assigned  to  duty 36 

eligible  for  duty  at  the  Soldiers'  Home 37, 40 

disabled  for  active  service  to  be  placed  on  the 32, 39 

by  wounds  to  be  placed  on  the,  with  highest  rank 35 

to  be  placed  on  the,  with  actual  rank 38 

on  the,  withdrawn  from  promotion 32,  39 

may  be  employed  in  time  of  war 45 

eligible  to  Territorial  offices 685 

respecting  officers  on  the,  who  had  served  as  chiefs  of  staff  corps 47, 

82, 118, 136,  234,  358,  479,  606,  627 

by  the  Secretary  of  War 184,326,401 

officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 55, 57 

Inspector-General's  Department 102 

department  of  stores  and  supplies 245,  246,  249 

purchases 260, 284, 303, 305, 309, 312, 336 

issues 200,303 

military  stores 568, 569 

hides 270,  821 

clothiers'  department 247,  299, 322,  326 

Hospital  Department 806,811,868, 

369, 372, 373, 378, 382, 385, 386,  388, 390,  396, 397, 399,  101 

Pay  Department 446 

Quartermaster's  Department 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 

161, 165, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178,  183, 188, 190,  200, 318 

Ordnance  Department 577, 578, 580 

department  of  musters 632, 633 

prisoners  of  war 639, 642, 645, 647 

respecting  uniformity  of,  under  contracts  ....   410,  i:iL',  r.oi).  :.l  7,  590,  r><)7,  086,  687 

States  to  make,  of  purchases  for  the  United  States 167 

by  line  officers  receiving  camp  and  garrison  equipage 204 

mentioned 58, 1 96,  230, 

257, 258,  259, 354, 435, 491, 492, 526, 651, 563, 565, 568, 603, 634, 686, 687 


778  INDEX. 

Reviews,  Page. 

how  conducted 88, 100, 101 

Revised  Statutes, 

provision  of  section  355  of  the,  waived 232 

section  229  abolished 230 

1144  mentioned 622 

1194  repealed 474 

1206  and  1207  mentioned 623 

1218  amended 685 

1348  amended 115 

1756  repealed 685 

1860  amended 685 

Revolutionary  war  {see  Badges). 
Reward, 

for  best  covering  for  huts 154 

rawhide  substitute  for  shoes 274 

Rhode  Island, 

uniform  of  the  line 15 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 306, 312 

how  paid  for 307,312 

when  deliverable 307, 314 

requested  to  collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

mentioned 58,154,164,278,449,635 

Rice, 

importation  of,  authorized 250 

quota  of  South  Carolina  to  be  furnished  in 307 

how  paid  for 307 

Rice,  Nathan, 

appointed  inspector 95 

Richardson,  James, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  clerk 244 

Richardson,  William, 

mentioned 264, 634 

Rickman,  William, 

elected  director  of  hospital  in  Virginia 365 

mentioned 375,  376, 391 

Rifles, 

to  be  procured : . .  546, 547 

respecting  adoption  of  new 602,  603 

Ripley,  James  W., 

mentioned 534 

Risberg,  Gustavus, 

appointed  assistant  to  Deputy  Quartermaster-General  Biddle 144 

RlTTENHOUSE,    , 

mentioned 485 

Rivers, 

respecting  surveys  of,  and  harbors 519,  522 

Roads  {see  Cumberland  road;  National  road), 

respecting  surveys,  etc.,  upon  the  subject  of 500 

to  be  cut  in  Florida 501 

contracted  in  Arkansas 501 

ROBERDEAU,    DANIEL, 

member  of  committee 253 

ROBERDEAU   ISAAC, 

mentioned 484 

Robinson, 

mentioned 65 

Robinson,  Caleb, 

to  do  the  duty  of  inspector 100 

Rochefontaine,  Stephen, 

mentioned 483 

Rochester,  William  B., 

mentioned 443 

Rock  Island,  III., 

an  arsenal  established  at 591 


INDEX.  779 

Rock  Island  Arsenal,  Page. 

mentioned 524 

Rodney,  Cesar, 

member  of  committee 239, 536 

Roe,  James, 

appointed  deputy  commissary -general  of  purchases 265 

Roe,  Jesse, 

commissioned  captain  of  artillery  artificers 549 

Rogers,  John, 

member  of  committee 538 

Rolls  (see  Pay;  Muster  rolls). 
Root,  Jesse, 

mentioned 102, 163,  298 

Rosekrans,  James, 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade  inspector 96 

Ross, , 

mentioned 63 

Ross,  George, 

member  of  committee 247,  249 

mentioned 146,  250 

Rubsamen,  Jacob, 

mentioned 566 

Rucker,  Daniel  H., 

mentioned 140 

Ruddock,  John, 

appointment  of,  as  deputy  commissary  of  military  stores,  confirmed 568 

Rudolph,  Michael, 

mentioned 51 ,  85 

Ruggles,  George  B., 

mentioned 52 

Rules  and  Articles  op  War  (see  Articles  of  War). 
Rum, 

issue  of,  to  troops  in  battle  of  Brandy  wine 268 

to  be  procured 278 

for  distribution  to  the  people  of  New  York 300 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 306, 307, 312, 313 

how  paid  for 307 

when  deliverable 314, 315 

regulating  issue  of,  to  the  Army 310 

mentioned 333 

Rumsey,  Benjamin, 

member  of  committee t 255 

Rush,  Benjamin, 

member  of  committee 246,  367 

elected  surgeon-general  of  hospital  in  middle  department 373 

physician-general  of  hospital  in  middle  department 375 

resignation  accepted 376 

mentioned 361,366,375,378 

Rutgers,  Jr.,  Henry, 

appointed  deputy  commissary-general  of  musters 635 

Rutledge,  Edward, 

member  of  committee 540 

Ryan,  Michael, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 58 

relieved  from  temporary  duty  as  iuljiitant-general 58 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 


S. 

Sabine  Lake, 

channel  through,  to  be  reexamined 528 

Sackett,  Delos  B., 

mentioned 86 

Sacramento  River,  Cal., 

relative  to  improvement  of  the 626 


780  INDEX. 

Saddle  horses,  Page. 

number  of,  allowed  general  and  line  officers 187, 188, 189, 494 

officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department. .  65, 188, 189 
Inspector-General's  Department.  102, 188, 189 

Quartermaster's  Department 174, 188, 189 

department  of  purchases 317 

military  stores. . .  188,  567, 568 

prisoners 188,189 

hospital  department 189, 399, 400 

judge-advocates 127, 188, 189 

deputy  paymaster 188,  456 

geographers 189, 495 

provost-marshal 188 

captain  of  engineers 188, 494 

mentioned 90, 103 

Saddlers, 

attached  to  division  ambulance  corps 422 

St.  Augustine,  Fla., 

respecting  improvement  of  harbor  at 522 

St.  Clair,  Arthur, 

mentioned 20, 51, 56, 57, 100 

St.  Francis  River,  Ark., 

mentioned 501 

St.  Louis,  Mo., 

quartermaster  depot  at,  mentioned 217 

arsenal  to  be  erected  at  or  near 582 

proposed  ice  harbor  at 519 

bridge  to,  over  Mississippi  River 526 

St.  Martin, , 

appointed  engineer  with  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 486 

Sale, 

unauthorized,  of  public  stores,  how  punished 150, 177, 308,  383, 561 

respecting,  of  articles  of  clothing 142, 221,  241 

goods  taken  from  Philadelphia 161, 293 

horses  unfit  for  service 172 

buildings  and  other  property 178 

dragoon  horses 190 

public  property  no  longer  needed 190,  326, 400, 568 

unserviceable  stores 204,  260, 339, 340, 410, 582, 593 

woolen  goods  to  soldiers 240 

subsistence  supplies  to  officers  and  men 354, 685, 687 

articles  kept  by  Subsistence  Department 35, 349,  351, 684 

smooth-bore  guns  for  experimental  purposes 601 

surplus  signal  maps,  etc 615, 616 

certain  property  of  bureau  of  refugees,  etc 662 

of  certain  stores  stopped 569 

mentioned 505, 587 

Salisbury,  Conn., 

respecting  furnace  at 543, 544, 549 

Salt, 

respecting  manufacture  of 239, 252,  262 

importation  of,  authorized 243, 261, 271, 278 

exportation  of,  prohibited 251 

to  be  provided ". 254,260,275 

quotas  of  States  to  be  furnished  in 306, 307, 312, 313 

how  paid  for 307, 312,  313 

when  deliverable 314,  315 

mentioned 262, 272, 275 

Saltpeter, 

colonies  requested  to  collect 535 

respecting  manufacture  of 535, 537, 538,  539, 540, 566 

importation  of,  authorized 536, 690 

purchase  of,  authorized 538 

exportation  of,  prohibited -.      573 

mentioned 540,690 

San  Monica  Bay,  Cal., 

respecting  a  deep-water  harbor  on 525 


INDEX.  781 

San  Pedro  Bay,  Cal.,  Page, 

relative  to  proposed  deep-water  harbor  on 525 

Sappers  and  miners  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 489, 498, 503 

uniform  of  corps  of 18,  21 

corps  of,  how  organized 492 

respecting  tools,  implements,  etc.,  for 504 

mentioned 490,493,495,504,505 

Saratoga  convention  (see  Prisoners  op  war). 

Sargent,  Wintrop, 

mentioned 51, 85 

Sauerkraut, 

contracts  to  be  made  for  supplies  of 265 

Sawtelle,  Charles  G., 

mentioned 140 

Scammell,  Alexander, 

to  continue  to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 53 

appointed  temporary  assistant  to  the  adjutant-general 56 

elected  adjutant-general 59 

mentioned 51, 62, 100, 395 

School  of  instruction, 

respecting,  at  Fort  Myer,  Va 620 

School  buildings, 

respecting  sale  of,  under  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen 662 

Schreiber,  Jacob, 

permitted  to  return  to  Europe 493 

Schuyler,  Peter, 

appointment  of,  to  take  charge  of  the  arms,  confirmed 539 

Schuyler,  Philip, 

member  of  committee 17, 535 

to  appoint  a  deputy  adjutant-general  for  the  Northern  army  if  General 

Gates  had  not  done  so 58 

to  appoint  a  deputy  judge-advocate  if  General  Gates  had  not  done  so 124 

mentioned. . . .  17, 53, 54, 142, 143, 240,  241, 242, 248, 252,  364, 537,  539, 543, 545, 632 

Scott, , 

to  do  the  duty  of  division  inspector 95 

mentioned 95, 100 

Scott,  Charles, 

mentioned 55, 57, 89 

Scott,  Joseph, 

appointed  brigade  major 59 

Scott,  Moses, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon ." 389 

resignation  accepted 390 

mentioned 395 

Scott,  William, 

appointed  brigade  major 62 

Scudder,  Nathaniel, 

member  of  committee 283, 291 

mentioned 159, 163,  298 

Scull,  Petek, 

appointed  brigade  major 54 

Sea  coast, 

respecting  notice  on  the,  of  approach  of  storms 614 

Seamen, 

respecting  enlistment  of  certain,  prisoners  of  war 642 

drafted,  may  enlist  in  the  naval  service 671, 672 

respecting  issue  of  rations  to  detachments  of 337 

Ska  hi. I-:,  .1  \mks 

member  of  committee 291 

Sears,  Peter, 

commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 559 

Secretaries  (nee  Pay)  , 

allowed  to  Ins|H'ctor-(ieneral  of  main  Army 96, 100,  107 

Secretary  of  War, 

to  inquire  into  delays  in  forwarding  supplies 185,324 

make  return  to  Congress  of  oflirers  in  Quartermaster's  Department 184 


782  INDEX. 

Secretary  of  War — Continued.  Page. 

to  transmit  to  States  a  list  of  their  officers 23 

issue  warrants  for  pay  and  rations 20, 455 

brevet  commissions  to  specified  class  of  officers 23 

examine  all  estimates  and  returns 20 

provide  guards  for  safe  conveyance  of  money,  etc 184 

prescribe  kinds  and  amounts  of  supplies  to  be  purchased 200 

control  all  transportation 210 

direct  building  and  management  of  barracks,  magazines,  etc 184, 565 

distribution  of  clothing 323 

cause  returns  to  be  made  of  all  stores  and  property 326, 401, 569 

appoint  a  commissary  of  military  stores  subject  to  his  orders 567 

stop  the  sale  of  certain  stores 569 

submit  returns  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 569 

take  direction  and  care  of  prisoners  of  war 649, 650 

mentioned 21,  66, 188, 190, 

191,  323, 324, 396, 398, 401, 455,  456, 489, 495, 566, 568, 570,  650,  651 
Secret  committee  (see  Committees  of  Congress), 

to  provide  equipage  for  3,000  horse  * 147 

deliver  linen  in  their  hands  fit  for  tents 148 

import  certain  enumerated  goods  and  stores 243 

cargoes  of  salt 243 

stop  exportation  of  salted  provisions  from  New  York 245 

devise  means  of  procuring  deerskins 246 

appoint  trusty  persons  to  purchase  clothing 250 

deliver  part  of  cargo  of  the  Mercury  to  the  clothier-general 252 

furnish  clothier-general  copies  of  invoices  of  all  imported  clothing,  etc.       253 
enable  agents  in  Europe  and  the  West  Indies  to  effect  importation  of  salt.       261 

contract  for  converting  flour  into  biscuits 264 

import  medical  instruments  and  supplies 365 

forward  medical  supplies,  etc. ,  to  points  indicated 365 

contract  for  importation  of  military  stores 536, 537,  538 

export  produce  for  importation  of  arms 537, 539 

deliver  saltpeter  to  be  manufactured  into  gunpowder 540 

powder  to  prove  cannon 540 

of  secret  correspondence,  to  apply  for  the  use  of  one  or  more  of  the  Conti- 
nental fleet 540 

to  furnish  powder  to  cannon  committee 543 

deliver  all  arms,  etc. ,  in  their  care  to  the  board  of  war 543 

distribute  cargo  of  flints 543 

procure  brass  artillery 544 

arms  for  3,000  horse 544 

reports  of T 1 46,  543 

Seeds, 

respecting,  for  regimental  gardens 326 

Seely,  T., 

appointed  brigade-major 60 

Selman, , 

to  do  the  duty  of  brigade-major 62 

mentioned 62 

Sknter,  Isaac, 

mentioned 366 

Sentries,- 

watch  coats  to  be  purchased  for  use  of « 142 

Sergeant,  Jonathan, 

member  of  committee 540 

Sergeant,  Jonathan  D., 

mentioned 124 

Sergeant,  Samuel, 

commissioned  superintendent  of  public  works  at  Carlisle 549 

pay  of 549 

Sergeants, 

master  workmen  to  be  designated  as 590, 596 

two  signal,  to  be  commissioned  each  year 617,  619 

Servants  (see  Waiters), 

allowances  to  enlisted  youths  retained  as 17 

not  to  be  furnished  from  the  line  without  authority 20 

*An  old  technical  term  meaning  a  body  of  cavalry.    In  this  sense  the  word  "horse"  isin  the  singular. 


INDEX.  783 

Servants — Continued.  Page, 

respecting  employment  of  and  allowances  for. .  27,  28,  34, 36,  64, 126, 127, 567, 650 

officers  absent  exceeding  six  months  not  to  receive  allowances  for. 32 

claims  for  quarters  for,  not  allowed 684 

mentioned 37, 317,  325,  400,  495,  562, 682 

Services. 

contracts  for,  how  made 208,  209,  343,  344,  415,  507,  508, 589 

Service, 

length  of,  how  computed 36, 438 

8k WALL,  , 

to  do  duty  of  brigade  inspector 99 

Shallops, 

impressment  of,  authorized 270 

Shaw,  Samuel, 

appointed  brigade-major 57 

Sheepskins, 

to  whom  deliverable 311, 322, 562, 565 

Shells, 

contracts  for,  to  be  made 540, 554,  560 

Sherman,  Roger, 

mentioned 142, 241, 253,  254 

Shetfall,  Mordecai, 

appointed,  provisionally,  deputy  commissary-general  of  issues 291 

Ship  canal, 

near  Isthmus  of  Darien 506 

to  connect  certain  lakes  with  Puget  Sound 524 

Shippen,  William,  Jr., 

elected  physician  for  the  flying  camp 366 

to  superintend  an  army  hospital  in  New  Jersey 368 

elected  director-general  of  all  the  hospitals 373 

director-general 389 

mentioned 361 ,  362,  367, 368,  375,  383,  390 

Ships  (see  Vessels), 

duties  of  masters  of,  taking  prisoners 646 

mentioned 146,  240, 248,  286, 537, 541 ,  543, 555 

Shiras,  Alexander  E., 

mentioned 238 

Shirts  (see  Linen), 

respecting  distribution  of  small  supply  of 125, 304, 382, 446, 447, 491, 635, 636 

delivery  of  two,  per  man  to  be  shortly  made 325 

on  hand  to  be  drawn  for  by  lot 325 

linen  for,  to  be  imported 263 

States  requested  to  procure  materials  for 263 

supplies  of 275 

mentioned 263,  285,  326,  376 

Shoes, 

to  be  inspected 142 

exchange  of  rawhides  for,  authorized 263 

reward  for  best  rawhide  substitutes  for 274 

leather  and  deerskins  to  be  purchased  for  making 274 

to  be  procured 285 

States  requested  to  procure  supplies  of 275 

not  to  be  worn  in  powder  magazines 567 

mentioned 153,  285, 376 

Shot, 

contracts  for,  to  l>e  made 554, 560 

Sick, 

respecting  transportation  for  the  removal  of  the 179 

blankets,  etc. ,  for  the,  in  hospitals 273 

care  and  accommodation  for  the 369 

relief  of  the,  before  removal  to  hospitals 380 

number  of,  in  hospitals  to  be  reported 368, 390 

respecting  relief  of  the  transient 390 

ambulances  for  the  removal  of  the 421 

mentioned 422 

Signal  Bureau, 

not  to  duplicate  work  of  other  bureaus •- . . .       618 


784  INDEX. 

Signal  Cokps  (see  Volunteer  Signal  Corps;  Vacancies),  Page. 

how  organized 613, 623, 626 

enlisted  strength  of  the 613, 615,  617, 618, 620, 621, 622,  623, 625 

officers  and  men  of  the,  how  selected 614 

may  purchase  subsistence  stores 622 

enlisted  men  of  the,  may  be  mounted 616 

held  responsible  for  public  property *      621 

two  sergeants  of  the,  to  be  commissioned  each  year 617,  619 

respecting  details  of  line  officers  for  duty  in  the 618, 619, 620,  321,  622 

civilian  duties  of  the,  transferred  to  Weather  Bureau. 622 

appointments  and  promotions  in  the,  how  made 623 

appropriations  for  the,  how  made 623 

board  to  examine  classes  and  kinds  of  property  of  the 623 

in  time  of  war  enlisted  strength  of  the,  to  be  increased 625 

ten  volunteer  subalterns  to  be  appointed  in  the 626 

mentioned 624,  626 

Signal  flags, 

by  whom  furnished 186 

Signal  officers  (see  Vacancies), 

authorized 613 

how  selected 614 

to  be  examined 613 

engineer  officers  may  be  detailed  as 614,  616 

respecting  detail  of  line  officers  for  duty  as 618,  619,  620,  621,  622 

may  be  assigned  to  staff  of  Army  corps 625 

after  civil  war  to  be  restored  to  respective  commands 614 

mentioned 624, 626 

Signals, 

respecting,  for  benefit  of  agriculture  and  commerce 614,  616 

of  approach  of  storms  on  the  lakes  and  seaeoast 614,  616 

Signal  Service, 

respecting  enlistments  in  the 615 

details  of  engineer  officers  and  men  for  the 614, 616 

appropriations  for  the 620 

commutation  of  quarters  for  members  of  the,  in  arctic  regions .       690 
commission  to  consider  present  organization  of  the 619 

Signatures  (see  Autograph  signatures). 

Simms, , 

to  superintend  the  hospitals  in  Pennsylvania 380 

Sioux  City,  Iowa, 

respecting  improvement  of  the  Missouri  River  to 528 

Skinner,  Abraham, 

elected  commissary-general  of  prisoners 648 

mentioned 637 

Slaves, 

respecting,  drafted  or  enlisted 675,  676 

Smith, , 

appointed  inspector 95 

Smith, , 

mentioned 145 

Smith,  Campbell, 

mentioned 121 

Smith,  Daniel, 

appointed  assistant  deputy  purveyor 395 

Smith,  John  K., 

appointed  brigade-major 60 

inspector 89 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade-major 66 

Smith,  Johnson, 

commissioned  contractor  for  public  works  at  Carlisle,  Pa 549 

Smith,  Mathew, 

appointed  deputy  adjutant-general 59 

Smith,  Jonathan  B., 

elected  deputy  mustermaster-general  for  the  flying  camp 632 

mentioned 254,632 

Smith,  Meriwether, 

member  of  committee 14, 15 


INDEX.  785 

Smith,  William,  Pagt. 

continued  as  subinspector 99 

Smith,  William, 

member  of  committee 253 

Smith,  William, 

mentioned 443 

Smith,  William, 

elected  druggist 367 

Smith,  William  S., 

appointed  commissary  of  prisoners 651 

Smyth,  Alexander, 

mentioned 86 

Soap, 

exportation  of,  forbidden 251 

ration  of,  may  be  increased 265 

contracts  to  be  made  for  supplies  of 265 

Societies  (see  Military  societies). 

Soldieks'  Home, 

retired  officers  eligible  for  duty  at  the 37 

board  of  commissioners  of  the,  how  composed 75, 

78,  79, 133, 208,  228, 343, 352,  353, 414,  432,  433, 470 

respecting  inspections  of  the 114 

medical  supplies  to  be  sold  to  the,  at  cost 436 

Booth, 

respecting  issues  of  provisions  to  destitute  persons  in  the 661 

South  Carolina, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 307 

when  deliverable 307 

purchase  of  leather  in,  authorized 300 

requested  to  collect  saltpeter  and  brimstone 535 

mentioned 124, 291,  382,  394,  395, 451, 452, 558, 571, 632,  635,  648 

Southern  Army, 

respecting  appointment  of  staff  officers  for  the 17, 

103, 127, 183, 186,  317,  392,  394, 455, 493, 567, 644,  650 

magazines  of  forage  to  be  provided  for  the  . . .' 179 

tents  and  wagons  for  the,  to  be  furnished 180 

corps  of  pioneers  to  be  raised  for  the _•.  184 

respecting  delays  in  sending  supplies  to  the 185, 324 

clothing,  camp  equipage,  etc. ,  to  be  furnished  the 318 

to  be  provided  with  arms,  powder,  etc 563 

respecting  artificers  with  the 563 

i ■<  miiiiander  of,  authorized  to  make  exchanges 644 

mentioned 175, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189,  392, 455 

Southern  Department, 

respecting  appointment  of  staff  officers 54,  61, 62, 143, 159, 370,  395, 485, 631 

Peruvian  bark  to  be  sent  to  the 365,  :;t>7 

t  n-panning  instruments  to  be  sent  to  the 306 

respecting  hospitals  in  the 389 

an  inspector  of  contracts  to  be  appointed  for  the 398 

mentioned 448, 491 

BOUTHBJUI  States, 

a  magazine  of  ammunition  to  be  formed  in  the ">45 

respecting  recruiting  agents  in  certain <>77 

Si- wish-American  war, 

mentioned 48, 438, 686 

Si-AxisH  renowns, 

respecting  provision  for  the,  In  New  York 645 

Sl'KNSKK,  JoSEI'H, 

Congress  confirmed  his  appointment  d  William  Peck  as  deputy  adjutant- 
general  

mentioned 53,  55, 56 

Si-inker,  Oliver, 

to  superintend  hospitals  in  Jersey 888 

mentioned 390,  493 

S.  Doc.  229 50 


786  INDEX. 

Spirits,  Page, 

respecting  allowance  of  coffee  and  sugar  in  lieu  of 341 

Spoons, 

to  be  supplied  to  the  soldiers 687 

Spouts  (see  Leaden  spouts). 

Springfield,  Mass., 

magazine  and  laboratory  to  be  erected  in 547 

mentioned 560, 565,  570, 571, 572 

Springfield  Armory. 

mentioned 581, 584,  585,  592 

Sprogle,  Lodowig, 

authorized  to  muster  the  Pennsylvania  militia 635 

Sprout, 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

subinspector 94 

Stables, 

for  horses  of  members  of  Congress 156 

number  of  horses  in  the  public,  to  be  reported ]  47 

Stadler,  John, 

elected  engineer  for  Southern  Department 485 

Staff  (see  Volunteer  staff;  Subsistence  money), 

appointment  on  the  civil,  confers  no  rank  in  the  Army 14,  635 

respecting  appointment,  on  the  conferring  rank  equal  to  that  held  in  the 

line 30 

may  be  taken  from  the  line  or  from  citizens 28 

servants  allowed  to  the  general  and  military 20 

respecting  transfers  to  the,  from  the  line 26,  39,  73 

powers  and  duties  of  the  general,  to  be  defined 27 

promotions  in  the,  how  made 31,  39 

of  corps,  divisions  and  brigades,  how  constituted 79, 116, 

134,231,436,526,604,625 

brigadier  assigned  to  main  army  to  act  as  chief  of 109 

warrant  officers  on  the  civil,  liable  to  arrest  and  trial 161,  293, 380, 490,  558 

mentioned 28, 110,  613 

Staff  departments  (see  Vacancies), 

inquiry  to  be  made  into  expenses  of  the 17 

enlisted  men  in  the,  entitled  to  benefit  of  pension  laws 208, 342, 413,  504, 568 

respecting  infantry  subalterns  appointed  in  the 185, 323,  455, 494, 566,  650 

mentioned 21 ,  175 

Staff  officers, 

appointed  from  the  line  to  revert  to  it  on  promotion 14 

not  to  draw  more  than  one  ration  a  day • 14 

supernumerary,  may  be  d  ischarged 1 4, 17 

form  of  commission  for 14 

to  receive  one  additional  ration  for  every  five  years'  service 29, 412 

unnecessary,  to  be  furloughed 23 

to  be  citizens 70, 108, 195, 407 

entitled  to  clothing  if  they  engage  for  one  year  or  more 380 

mentioned '. 13, 68,  70, 106, 108, 195, 304, 403,  407, 459 

Stagg,  John, 

appointed  brigade-major  pro  tempore 59 

mentioned 60,  85, 103 

Stamps, 

special,  for  official  business .-. 38 

Stanton,  Thomas  H., 

mentioned 443 

Stark,  John, 

mentioned 56, 94, 95, 100 

Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  H., 

improvement  of  channel  )>etween,  and  New  Jersey 518 

State  prison, 

respecting  erection  of  Symsbury  mines  into  a 649 

State,  War,  and  Navy  building, 

respecting  construction  of  the 513 

superintendent  of  the,  authorized 519 

States, 

authorized  to  suspend  staff  officers  not  appointed  by  Congress 13 


INDEX.  787 

States — Continued.  Page. 

requested  to  make  up  deficiency  of  subsistence  money 14 

additional  pay 22 

respecting  compensation  1  >y  the,  in  lieu  of  half  pay 23 

to  be  notified  of  detail  of  volunteers  on  ambulance  duty 76 

requested  to  grant  writs  on  application  of  judge-advocate 125 

compel  the  furnishing  of  supplies 145 

afford  assistance  in  procuring  tent  cloth 147 

forage 159 

clothing,  etc 251,275,277,299 

enforce  a  temporary  regulation  of  prices 153, 274, 550 

exempt  certain  persons  from  militia  duty 163, 283 

inquire  into  conduct  of  persons  in  public  service 163,  297 

furnish  their  quota  of  supplies 165,  304 

make  provision  for  pasturing  horses 175 

furnish  forage 180 

cause  assessment  of  blankets  to  be  made 252 

procure  homemade  linen 263 

take  measures  against  engrossers  and  others 273,  275, 276,  289 

,  aid  in  enforcing  embargo 286 

furnish  list  of  prices  current  in  1774 305 

report  names  of  their  purchasing  agents 317 

appoint  examining  medical  boards 368 

inspectors  of  powder 542 

persons  to  manufacture  accouterments 553, 554 

collect  arms  from  persons  not  in  service 545, 546 

make  no  exchanges  of  prisoners 645 

quotas  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166, 167 

provisions 306,  307, 312, 313, 314, 315 

respecting  persons  in  the,  who  have  failed  to  take  the  oath  of  office.  154,  279, 377 

appointment  of  deputy  quartermasters  in  the  several 167 

stands  of  arms  to  be  provided  for  sale  to  the 574 

relief  to  destitute  persons  in  the  Southern  and  Southwestern 660 

respecting  recruiting  agents  in  the  Southern 677, 680 

mentioned 19, 126, 165, 169, 188,  247,  251, 262,  273, 288, 

293,  294,  296,  299,  301,  304,  370,  394,  395,  544,  545,  547,  551,  639,  640,  646 
Steel, 

to  be  purchased 545 

respecting  manufacture  of 550 

regulates  price  of  oil-tempered  and  annealed 604 

conduct  of  experiments  in  testing 513 

Steel  <;ins, 

contract  for,  authorized 602 

STEEL-WIRE   8EACOAST   (ilNS, 

material  for,  may  l>e  purchased 604 

Sternberg,  George  M., 

mentioned 362 

Steiben,  Frederick  W.  A., 

appointed  inspector-general 89 

appointment  announced  to  the  Army 90 

to  be  furnished  two  good  horses  for  his  use 90 

continued  inspector-general  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States 99, 102 

granted  additional  pay 102 

in    accepting    resignation  of,  Congress  tendered  him  their  thanks  and 

voted  him  a  sword 103 

mentioned 93, 94, 100, 490 

Stevenson,  , 

to  superintend  the  hospitals  in  Jersey 380 

Stewart,  Archibald, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 265 

resigned 266 

Stewart,  Charles, 

elected  commissary-general  of  issues 263 

mentioned 238,316 

Stewart,  Walter, 

appointed  ins|>ector  for  the  Northern  Army 103 

Stii.es,  Kecuen, 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to,  as  magazine  k»'»-|KM- 244 


788  INDEX. 

Stirling,  Lord,  Page, 

mentioned 55, 60,  90 

Stock, 

States  requested  to  authorize  seizure  of  live 276 

superintendent  of  live,  authorized 317 

Stockings, 

importation  of 252 

States  requested  to  procure  supplies  of 275 

to  be  purchased 142 

respecting,  for  the  sick  and  wounded  in  hospitals 376 

mentioned 285 

Stockton,  Richard, 

member  of  committee 246, 247,  367 

Stone,  Thomas, 

member  of  committee 247 

Storehouses, 

respecting  impressment  of 270 

Storekeepers  (see  Military;  Medical;  Ordnance  storekeepers), 

authorized 167,186,363,364,370,387 

appointed 142, 143 

duties  of 317, 318 

pay  of  certain 244 

post  quartermaster-sergeants  to  perform  the  duties  of 229 

mentioned 571 

Stores  (see  Public  stores). 

Storey,  John, 

respecting  pay  and  rations  of 183 

to  settle  business  of  the  late  Quartermaster-General's  Department 183 

appointed  to  take  charge  of  all  intrenching  tools 157 

Storms, 

respecting  notice  of  approach  of 614,  616 

Storrow,  Samuel  H., 

mentioned 1 21 

Strape,  Henry, 

commissioned  lieutenant  in  regiment  of  artillery  artificers 554 

Straw, 

to  be  provided  for  the  troops 145, 153, 154 

two  bundles  of,  per  tent  to  be  issued 186 

Streets, 

cost  of  improving  certain,  in  Washington  City,  by  whom  paid 510 

Stringer,  Samuel, 

appointed  director  of  hospital  and  chief  physician  and  surgeon 364 

director  and  physician  of  hospital  in  Northern  Department 367 

mentioned 240,  361,  364,  366,  367,  369 

Stroup,  Henry, 

resignation  accepted 562 

Sturgeon  Bay, 

mentioned 520 

Subsistence, 

certain  accounts  of,  how  signed 22, 325 

abstracts  of,  to  whom  sent 325 

respecting  contracts  for 209,  339, 343,  344, 415, 416,  589, 590 

for  prisoners  of  war 642, 643 

Subsistence  Department  (see  Vacancies;  Contracts;  Purchases), 

how  constituted '338,  348, 349,  350,  356, 357 

increased 341 ,  342,  344, 345 

respecting  sales  by,  to  officers  and  men 35, 349,  351,  354, 684 

no  new  appointments  or  promotions  to  be  made  in  the 349 

appointments  in  the,  how  made 355 

appropriations  for  the,  to  constitute  one  fund 357 

respecting  details  for  duty  in  the 357,  358 

mentioned 348, 350,  351 ,  354 

Subsistence  money, 

allowance  of,  to  officers 14, 15,  20,  21, 164, 325,  380,  381,  382,  453,  559,  566 

enlisted  men 15,164,381,453 

mentioned 19 

Subsistence  stores, 

respecting  claims  for,  furnished 347 

to  be  provided  for  an  army  of  3,000  men  for  six  months 242 

respecting  capture  of  vessels  laden  with 240,  241 


INDEX.  789 

Sf  BSTITUTES,  Page. 

drafted  men  may  furnish 669, 671 

to  receive  same  pay  as  drafted  men 670 

who  may  be  accepted  as 671, 680 

mentioned 675, 678, 679 

Suffering, 

no  one  to  be  deemed,  who  is  able  to  find  work 657 

Sugar, 

respecting  distribution  of,  to  the  people  of  New  York 300 

ratio  of,  to  every  100  rations 341,  343, 351 

ration  of,  may  be  commuted 345,  351 

Sullivan,  John, 

mentioned 99 

Sri. i. ivax,  Thomas  C, 

mentioned 238 

Sulphur, 

colonies  requested  to  collect 535 

respecting  importation  of 536, 537,  550,  690 

manufacture  of 540 

removal  of  the,  in  New  York  City 690 

exportation  of,  prohibited 573 

Superintendent-General  of  military  supplies  (see  Purveyor  op  public  supplies), 
to  prescribe  forms  of  returns  and  accounts 199,  336, 578 

Superintendent  of  artificers, 

authorized;  how  appointed;  duties  of 198 

SlI'KRINTENDENT   OF   FINANCE, 

authorized  to  make  removals 181, 319,  393, 492, 563 

to  procure  or  contract  for  all  supplies 183, 321, 322, 394, 564 

appoint  inspectors  of  contracts 185,  323, 398,  566 

report  cause  of  delays  in  forwarding  supplies 185, 324 

ascertain  value  of  ration 454 

establish  magazines  at  Fort  Pitt 324 

provide  for  safe-keeping,  etc. ,  of  prisoners  of  war 649 

mentioned 566,  569 

SUPERINTENDENT   OF   MILITARY   STORES, 

duties  of 577 

SUPERINTENDENT   (see  MILITARY  ACADEMY;    NATIONAL  CEMETERIES), 

of  bakers  appointed 253 

pay  of 318 

magazines  of  provisions  authorized 280 

cattle  mentioned 305 

live  stock  authorized 317 

appointments  of  line  officers  as,  of  hospitals. .  380,  381, 382, 383, 390, 394,  395, 400 

of  arms  and  military  aceouterments  appointed 554 

armories  authorized 572 

respecting  a,  of  a  brass  cannon  foundry 553 

office  of,  at  certain  armories  abolished 585 

of  manufacture  of  iron  cannon  authorized 586,  586 

respecting  civilian,  of  armories 587,  588,  590 

authorized  for  the  State,  War,  and  Navy  Building 519 

Superior,  Wis.. 

respecting  harbor  of 528 

Supplies  (nee  Public  supplies). 

Si  i:<,i;c in-General  (see  Rank;  Pay;  Rations;  Forage), 

authorized 371,410,423,427,429,437 

appointed 373,374,375,378 

how  appointed 417, 424,  430 

duties  of 371, 374,  417, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429,  430,  432, 435, 436, 438 

letters,  etc.,  to  and  from,  free  of  postage 412 

ex  officio  commissioner  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 432,  433 

Surgeons  (see  Hospital  physicians;  Hospital  burgeons;  Medical  Depart- 
m  knt)  , 

respecting  issue  of  small  supply  of  shirts  and  linen  to 304 ,  •  182 

authorized  in  each  district  to  superintend  hospitals ".71 

a  senior,  appointed  in  the  flying  hospital 382,  388 

appointed  to  regiment  of  invalids 390 

respecting  promotion  of  regimental 395, 397 

number  of  post,  established 410 

two,  to  be  discharged 412 


790  INDEX. 

Surgeons — Continued.  Page. 

discharge  of  two,  revoked 413 

each  brigade  to  have  one 416 

to  be  detailed  to  the  military  prison 427 

number  of  assistant,  reduced 428,  435 

{See  Contract  surgeons;  Vacancies.  ) 

respecting  appointment  of,  and  assistant  surgeons 411,  429 

assistant,  to  be  examined  prior  to  promotion  as  captain 434 

respecting,  on  boards  of  enrollment 669,  670, 675,  676,  680 

detail  of,  for  examination  of  drafted  men 673 

garrison,  to  be  considered  as  post  surgeons 689 

mentioned 381,398,399 

Surgeons'  mates  {see  Pay;  Rations;  Clothing;  Forage;  Land), 

mav  be  appointed  to  regiment  of  invalids 390 

additional,  authorized 401, 406 

to  be  attached  to  garrisons  and  posts 406 

mentioned 689 

Surgical  instruments  {see  Trepanning  instruments), 

importation  of,  authorized 365 

returns  of,  to  be  made 369 

to  be  furnished  every  prescribing  surgeon  or  physician 399 

Surveyor  of  ordnance, 

authorized;  how  appointed;  duties  of 558 

additional  pay  to 562 

Surveyor  of  roads  {see  Geographers). 
Surveyors, 

military,  to  share  in  small  supply  of  shirts  and  linen 304 

Surveys, 

respecting,  of  Chesapeake  Bay 500 

for  roads  and  canals 500 

of  the  coast  of  the  United  States i 503,  518 

preliminary 805, 517 

for  railroad  to  the  Pacific  Ocean 506 

ship  canal  near  Isthmus  of  Darien 506 

of  Mississippi  River 513, 526 

Western  and  Northwestern  rivers 518, 528 

rivers  and  harbors 519, 521,  522 

for  a  national  road  to  Mount  Vernon,  Va 523 

ship  canal  to  connect  certain  lakes 524 

canal  routes  from  Lake  Erie  to  Ohio  River 526 

deep  waterways  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  ocean 526 

mentioned '. 516 

Sutherland,  Charles, 

mentioned .">62 

Swaim,  David  G., 

mentioned 121 

Swain,  Francis, 

appointed  brigade  major 58 

mentioned 59 

Swan,  Caleb, 

mentioned 443 

Swartwout,  Robert, 

mentioned 140 

Sweers,  Cornelius, 

commissioned  assistant  commissary  of  military  stores  at  Philadelphia 550 

mentioned 555 

Sweiney,  James, 

commissioned  second  lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers 549 

Swift,  Joseph  G., 

mentioned 483 

Swords, 

Pennsylvania  to  cause  search  for,  in  Philadelphia 548 

Symsbury  mines, 

respecting  erection  of  the,  into  a  State  prison 649 

System, 

respecting,  for  rifles 603 

of  easy  maneuvers  and  exercises s- 1 

regulations  for  the  infantry 93 


INDEX.  791 

T. 
Tactics,  Page. 

system  of,  mentioned 93 

Tailors, 

employment  of,  authorized 250 

Talcott,  George, 

mentioned 534 

Ta  llow, 

to  be  rendered 249, 261 

exportation  of,  forbidden 251 

to  whom  delivered 261,  291 

of  cattle  delivered  on  foot,  how  credited 307 

Talmadge,  Benjamin, 

to  act  as  brigade  major 56 

appointed  brigade  major 56 

Tarling,  Peter, 

appointed  brigade  major 58 

Taulman,  Peter, 

appointed  captain  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  sappers  and  miners 493 

Tax, 

States  requested  to  lay  a,  partially  payable  in  provisions 312 

Taylor,  Andrew, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  major 55 

Taylor,  John, 

appointed  judge-advocate 123 

Taylor,  Joseph  P., 

mentioned 238 

Teams  (see  Horse  teams;  Ox  teams), 

respecting  reduction  of  the  stationary 158 

States  requested  to  exempt  drivers  of,  from  militia  duty 163 

how  obtained 260,  552 

Telegraphic  dispatches, 

respecting  private,  on  Government  lines 617 

Tklegraph  lines, 

respecting  construction  of 615,  616 

Tennessee, 

respecting  recruiting  agents  in 677,  680 

Texts, 

allowance  of,  to  inspectors 99 

the  troops 162, 163 

respecting  receipt  and  care  of 142 

to  be  provided 145, 154 

respecting  canvas  for 146, 147, 148, 179, 181, 182,  253 

to  be  furnished  the  Southern  army 180 

returns  of,  to  be  made 326 

mentioned 155, 180, 186, 187 

Tkknaxt,  John, 

attached  on  the  march,  to  General  de  La  Fayette's  division (50, 90 

appointed  to  act  as  subinspector 89 

lieutenant-colonel  and  to  perform  the  duties  of  inspector 92 

inspector  for  the  Southern  army 103 

mentioned 92,  179 

Territories 

cost  of  ordnance  and  stores  issued  to,  how  credited 602 

only  retired  officers  eligible  to.  civil  officers  in  the 685 

Testing  machine, 

respecting  use  of,  for  private  citizens 600 

Tatrs, 

respecting,  of  heavy  rihed  ordnance 593, 600 

for  private  citizens 600 

to  be  made  of  resistance  of  best  stone  forts  to  heaviest  guns 511 

Ti:\  18, 

Safe,  deep  harbor  on  coast  of,  to  be  inspected 525 

Thanks  of  Congress, 

tendered  to  General  Mifflin  and  Colonel  Pickering 17 

Thomas,  Job*. 

mentioned 53, 54 

Thomas,  Joseph. 

pay  and  rations  allowed  to 245 


792  INDEX. 

Thomas,  Lorenzo,  Page, 

mentioned 52 

Thornburg,  Joseph, 

appointed  wagon-master-general 152 

to  have  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 152 

TlCONDEROGA,   X.   Y., 

mentioned 147 

Tilghman,  Edward, 

appointed  assistant  brigade  major 55 

Tilton,  James, 

elected  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 1 389 

accepted  commutation  in  lieu  of  half  pay ^ 401 

mentioned 362 

Tin, 

carti'idge  canisters  may  be  furnished  in  lieu  of  cartouch  boxes 554 

Tobacco, 

issue  of,  to  enlisted  men 35 

Tobacco  warehouses, 

floors  of,  to  be  worked  for  saltpeter 538 

Topographical  Bureau, 

charged  with  making  preliminary  surveys 505 

officer  of  the,  charged  with  construction  of  custom-house  at  New  Orleans, 

entitled  to  extra  compensation 505 

boards  of  officers  of  the 505 

duties  of,  relative  to  certain  light-houses 505, 506 

to  construct  certain  range  beacon  lights 505 

certain  works  to  be  executed  under  superintenence  of  the 504 

Topographical  Engineers, 

authorized 499, 502 

how  selected 499 

retained  in  service 500 

detail  of,  to  make  explorations  and  surveys 506 

to  be  promoted  captains  after  fourteen  years'  service  as  subalterns 506 

mentioned 543, 505, 506 

Topographical  engineer  soldiers, 

company  of,  authorized 509 

Tools  (see  Intrenching  tools), 

estimate  of  carpenters' ,  required 145 

Torpedoes, 

respecting  movable  submarine 520,  599,  601 

Totten,  Joseph  G., 

mentioned 483 

Towers,  Robert, 

elected  inspector  of  gunpowder 542 

Townsexd,  Edward  D., 

mentioned 52 

Townshend,  Davis, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

Towson,  Nathan, 

mentioned 443 

Trade, 

interest  in,  forbidden  to  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 196, 198 

Subsistence  Department 334,  335,  338 

Hospital  or  Medical  Department. .       388 

Traders, 

respecting  goods  in,  in  York  and  Gloucester,  Va 19 

Transfers  (see  Details), 

respecting,  from  the  line  to  the  staff 26,  72,  73, 109, 185, 201, 323, 494, 566, 650 

of  officers  of  engineers 498 

artillery 584, 585 

ordnance 581 

men  of  the  Signal  Corps 622 

drafted  men  to  the  naval  service 671, 677 

Transportation  (see  Mileage;  Traveling  expenses), 

only  actual  cost  of,  allowed 43 

to  officers  traveling  without  troops 43 

(See  Impressment.) 

respecting,  of  public  supplies 179, 182, 183, 321, 322,  387, 394, 552, 564 

contracts  for 209,  343,  344, 415, 416,  507,  508,  589,  590 


index.  793 

Tra  nsportation — Continued.  Page. 

of  troops  and  stores  under  control  of  Secretary  of  War 210 

to  be  furnished  for  having  artificial  limbs  fitted 221 

requests  for,  how  obtained 44, 46, 47 

to  be  furnished  to  drafted  men 678 

Traveling  allowances  (see  Mileage), 

to  officers  of  the  department  of  issues 248, 296 

respecting,  to  engineer  officers 490 

Traveling  expenses  (see  Mileage), 

only  actual,  allowed 38, 46, 47 

nspect ins;,  of  inspectors 98 

certain  California  and  Nevada  volunteers 472 

Traveling  Forge, 

allowed  to  conductors  of  military  stores 559 

di  vision  ambulance  corps 422 

Treat,  Malachi, 

elected  physician-general  of  hospital  in  Northern  Department 374 

chief  hospital  physician 389 

mentioned 361 

Tkkasirv  Department  (see  Board  of  Treasury), 

all  military  supplies  to  be  provided  by  the 328,  402 

office  of  purveyor  of  public  supplies  created  in  the 329,  402 

Trenches, 

division  inspectors  to  mount  as  majors  of  the 100 

Trenton,  N.  J., 

removal  of  public  stores  to,  ordered 376, 548 

n  tej  meeting  improvement  of  Delaware  River  from 528 

mentioned 144, 541 

Trepa  nni ng  instruments, 

-i  t  b  of,  to  be  sent  to  Southern  Department 365 

Trial, 

warrant  officers  on  the  civil  staff  liable  to 161,  293,  380, 490, 558,  644 

offices  of  departments  of  purchases  and  issues  subject  to 257 

Hospital  or  Medical  Department  subject  to 388 

Transports, 

resj>ecting  food  of  troops  on 689 

Troop,  Robert, 

elected  deputy  adjutant-general  in  Northern  Department 60 

mentioned 60 

Troops, 

allowance  of  tents  to  the 162, 163 

transportation  of,  under  control  of  Secretary  of  War 210 

Trumbull,  John, 

appointed  brigade  major. r 53 

elected  deputy  adjutant-general 56 

resignation  accepted '. 57 

Tbumbull,  Jonathan, 

mentioned 272, 543, 544,  549 

TRUMBULL,  Jonathan,  Jr., 

elected  paymaster  for  the  forces  in  the  New  York  Department 445 

l>ay  increased 447, 449 

resigned 450 

Trumbull,  Jobbph, 

elected  commissary -general  of  purchases 262 

asked  leave  to  resign 285 

appointed  commissary -general  of  stores  and  provisions 239 

empowered  to  import  flour  and  other  provisions 860 

additional  allowance  to,  for  the  benefit  of  his  heirs 286 

mentioned 3, 238,  242, 253,  264, 265 

how  obtained 426,  4:10 

TUCKRB,  Thomas  TUDOB, 

appointed  physician  ami  surgeon  in  the  hospital  for  Southern  I  >epartiueiit .       395 

Tt  dor,  William. 

elected  judge-advocate  of  the  Army 123 

appointment  of,  announced  to  the  Army 1-3 

to  have  rank  of  lieutenant  -colonel 123 

mentioned 54,  121, 123, 124 


794  INDEX. 

Tunnel  (see  Washington  Aqueduct  Tunnel),  Page. 

under  the  Detroit  River 524 

Tupper, , 

appointed  brigade  inspector 89 

TURNBULL,    MARMIE    &    Co., 

mentioned 327 

Turner,  George, 

discharged  from  office  of  commissary  of  prisoners 648 

mentioned 649 

Turner,  Levi  C, 

mentioned .. 121 

Turner,  Philip, 

elected  surgeon-general  of  hospital  in  Eastern  Department 374 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

mentioned 361 

Tyson,  J.  W.,       ' 

mentioned 238 

U. 

Uniform  (see  Badges), 

of  the  several  State  lines 15, 18, 19, 21, 22 

artillery  and  dragoons 16, 21,  22 

general  and  staff  officers 18, 19, 22 

cavalry  and  infantry 21, 22 

wearing  red  coats  forbidden 19,  22 

respecting,  of  retired  officers 32, 39, 40 

President  to  prescribe  the 41, 225, 338 

when  may  be  worn  by  late  officers 48, 682 

watch  coats  to  be  provided  for  sentries 142 

complete  suits  of,  to  be  imported 251,  252 

of  State  lines,  by  whom  prescribed 295 

respecting,  of  members  of  ambulance  corps 422 

"United  Colonies," 

words,  to  be  altered  to  ' '  United  States  "in  all  commissions 11 

requested  to  procure  suits  of  clothes  for  the  troops 245 

"United  States," 

words  ' '  United  Colonies "  to  be  altered  to,  in  all  commissions 11 

all  arms  and  accouterments  to  be  marked 546 

Utah, 

respecting  California  and  Nevada  volunteers  discharged  in 472 

V. 

Vacancies, 

President  authorized  to  fill  certain 25 

in  position  of  chiefs  of  staff  corps,  how  filled 47, 

81,  82, 118, 136,  234,  358,  479,  606,  624,  627 

respecting,  in  Adjutant-General's  Department 74,  75,  76,  77,  79,  80,  81 

Inspector-General's  Department 115, 117, 118 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department 135, 136 

Quartermaster's  Department 218,  227,  230,  233,  234 

Subsistence  Department 346,  350,  353,  355, 357, 358 

Hospital  Department 395, 397 

Medical  Department 414, 419,  424,  427, 437, 439 

Pay  Department ". 478, 479 

Corps  of  Engineers 527, 529 

Topographical  Engineers 502 

Department  of  Military  Stores '.       551 

Ordnance  Department 605, 606 

Signal  Corps 623,624,626,627 

Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen 662 

Vaccination, 

of  the  troops  to  be  discontinued 393 

Valises, 

respecting,  furnished  to  officers 160 

Vallenais, , 

appointed  aid-de-camp  to  Colonel  de  la  Balme 87 

Van  Lear,  William, 

appointed  brigade  inspector 95 


INDEX.  795 

Van  Rensselaer,  James,  Page. 

appointment  of,  as  deputy  mustermaster-general  of  the  forces  in  Canada 

confirmed 631 

Van  Rensselaer,  Philip, 

appointment  of,  as  storekeeper,  confirmed 143 

Varick,  Richard, 

appointed  deputy  rnustermaster-general  to  the  Northern  army 632 

elected  deputy  mustermaster-general 634 

Varnvm,  James, 

mentioned 390 

Varncm,  James  M., 

mentioned ; 59,  60, 89 

Vegetables, 

respecting,  for  the  army 250, 257, 265 

garden  near  hospital  for  raising 368 

regimental  gardens  for  raising 326 

one  pound  of,  added  to  the  ration 354 

Venereal  disea>i>. 

amount  to  be  paid  by  patients  in  hospital  on  account  of 376 

Vi>skls  (see  Ships), 

respecting  impressment  of 142 

bringing  cargoes  on  government  account 262 

employment  of  merchant 290,  291 

mentioned 213,  240,  278,  279,  289, 536, 537 

VbSSKLS  OF  AVAR, 

respecting  prisoners  taken  by 646 

enlistment  of  prisoners  for  service  on 642 

mentioned 240,  540 

Veteran  Reserve  Corps, 

officers  of  the,  in  Bureau  of  Refugees  may  be  retained 657,  661 

Veterinarians, 

authorized;  pay  of 233 

Vickers,  Samuel, 

appointed  physician  and  surgeon  in  the  hospital  for  Southern  department.       395 

VlNEGAR, 

to  be  provided 254, 257,  265,  326 

Virginia, 

uniform  of  the,  line 15 

quota  of,  to  be  furnished  in  forage 166 

how  paid  for 166 

provisions 303,  313 

how  paid  for 307, 313 

when  deliverable 315 

requested  to  authorize  seizure  of  provisions  in  hands  of  engrossers 289 

not  to  grant  exemptions  from  embargo 289 

to  furnish  Indian  corn 303 

collect  sulphur  and  brimstone 535 

{mrchase  copper,  etc 544 
end  stands  of  arms 558 

respecting  military  hospital  in 375,  391 

tobacco  warehouses  in 538 

repair  of  arms  in  the  magazines  of 563 

mentioned 123, 156, 160, 248, 251,  271 ,  272, 279, 285,  286,  290, 

297, 299, 365, 446, 447, 449, 540, 546, 560, 566, 571, 640, 643,  645, 649, 690 

Voi.l  NTKKR   OFFICERS  (*Ce  UNIFORM), 

respecting  appointment  of,  in  the  staff  corps 46 

may  be  appointed  on  corps,  division,  and  brigade  staffs 45 

bre vetted  for  services  prior  to  appointment  in  Regular  Army  —  36 

names  of  all,  on  ambulance  dutv  to  be  reported 76 

respecting,  to  be  appointed  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department 231 

Subsistence  Department 348 

in  I  .ureai  i  of  Refugees  and  Free.  I  men  may  be  retained 661 

may  l>e  appointed  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department v- 

[nspector-General'a  Department 118 

Juage-Advoeate-CJeneral's  Department 136 

Quartermaster'fl  Department 218,234 

Subsistence  Department •">:,(>. :;:,s 

Medical  Department 424.  138 

Ray  Department 478,479 


796  INDEX. 

Volunteers,  Page. 

respecting  appointment  of  staff  officers  for 207, 342, 412, 467 

quartermaster's  supplies  retained  from 686 

respecting  hospital  stewards  of 438 

Volunteer  Signal  Corps, 

how  constituted 625 

officers  of  the,  eligible  to  appointment  in  Signal  Corps 626 

Volunteer  Staff, 

retention  of  officers  of  the,  in  the  Adjutant-General's  Department 80 

Inspector-General's  Department 117 

Judge- Advocate-General's  Department.       135 

Quartermaster's  Department 232, 233, 234 

Subsistence  Department 356 

Medical  Department. 437 

Pay  Department 478 

Volunteer  surgeons, 

appointment  of,  authorized- 419, 438 

Vowles,  Henry, 

appointed  brigade  major 60 

w. 

Wadsworth  and  Carter  (Messrs.), 

mentioned t       324 

Wadsworth,  Decius, 

mentioned 534 

Wadsworth,  Finn, 

appointed  brigade  major 56 

Wadsworth,  Jeremiah, 

elected  deputy  commissary  of  purchases 262 

commissary-general  of  purchases 283 

given  leave  to  resign  January  1,  1780 303 

desired  by  Congress  to  continue  in  office  until  his  successor  qualifies 303 

resigned  ." 283 

resignation  accepted ■_ 303 

mentioned 55, 56, 238, 266, 282, 283 

Wagoners, 

how  obtained 20 

corps  of,  authorized 161, 162, 164 

respecting  pay  of 161, 162 

clothing  for 164, 165, 182, 302 

to  receive  a  suit  of  clothes  as  bounty 162 

authorized;  to  receive  pay,  etc.,  of  corporals  of  cavalry 210 

mentioned 451,  635 

Wagon  master  general, 

authorized 151 

appointed 141, 152 

duties  of... 146,150 

Wagon  masters  (see  Pay;  Rations;  Baggage  wagons;  Bathorses), 

authorized 141, 171, 182, 186, 197,  206 

appointed 154, 179 

duties  of 171 

deranged  in  1815  to  receive  three  months'  pay 203 

mentioned 145, 156,  201 

deputy,  authorized 171,186 

appointed 182 

duties  of 171 

assistant,  authorized 171, 186 

Wagons  (see  Baggage  wagons;  Ambulances), 

respecting  impressment  of 142,  270 

to  be  purchased 147, 180 

returns  of,  to  be  made 326 

for  removal  of  sick  and  wounded,  by  whom  supplied 372,  387 

respecting,  of  Hospital  Department 376 

mentioned 145, 152, 155, 163, 179, 180, 182,  260,  421 

Waiters  (see  Servants), 

not  to  be  taken  from  the  line 26 

staff  officers  entitled  to  one 27,  408 


INDEX.  797 

Waistcoats,  Page, 

to  be  purchased 142 

Ward  masters  (see  Pay;  Rations), 

authorized 385,407,409 

duties  of 385 

mentioned 410 

W  \  i. bach,  J.  de  B., 

mentioned 52, 86 

Walker,  Joseph, 

appointed  brigade  major  pro  tern 60 

continued  in  office 66 

Wallace,  Gustavus  B., 

appointed  brigade  insi>ector 89 

Walton,  Georgej 

directed  to  send  3  tons  of  steel  and  5  tons  of  nail  rods  for  the  use  of  the 

army  in  the  Northern  Department 545 

War, 

in  time  of,  retired  officers  may  be  employed 45 

Signal  Corps  to  be  increased 625 

officers  who  served  in  any,  may  wear  badge  adopted 43, 48 

uniform  of  highest  rank 48,  682 

Ward,  Joseph, 

elected  commissary-general  of  musters 634 

prisoners 647 

mentioned 629,  637 

Ward,  Samuel, 

member  of  committee 537 

Warehouses  (see  Tobacco  warehouses). 

Warner,  Robert, 

to  do  duty  of  inspector 100 

Warrant  officers, 

on  the  civil  staff  liable  to  arrest  and  trial 161,  293,  380,  490,  558,  644 

deranged  in  1815  to  receive  three  months'  pay 28, 203 

Warran,  James, 

elected  paymaster-general 445 

resignation  accepted 446 

mentioned 443, 446 

Warren,  John, 

appointed  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 389 

accepted  appointment 390 

W  sshincton,  George  (see  Commander  in  Chief), 

member  of  committee 535 

authorized  to  displace  all  officers  under  rank  of  brigadier-general 12 

power,  within  70  miles  from  headquarters,  to  continue  until  March  1, 1778.  12 

asked  to  transmit  a  list  of  his  appointments 12 

powers  of,  as  commander  in  chief  never  intended  to  be  superseded  or  cir- 
cumscribed by  Congress 12 

committee  toconferwith,  on  perfecting  arrangement  of  staff  departments.  17 

authorized  to  appoint  three  brigade  majors 53 

relative  to  appointment  by,  of  an  adjutant-general 57 

plan  of,  for  a  well-regulated  inspectorship  approved 89 

authorized  to  appoint  inspectors  and  brigade  inspectors 90 

appointment  of  a  quartermaster-general  left  to 141 

to  fix  on  locations  for  magazines  of  provisions 157 

appoint  a  deputy  commissary  of  stores  for  the  army  near  New  York 248 

commissary  of  clothing  for  his  army 248 

clothier-general  and  fix  his  pay 251 

authorized  to  increase  the  ration  of  soap 265 

to  regulate  special  issue  of  rum  for  gallantry  of  the  troops  in  battle  of 

Brandywine 268 

authorized  to  hike  provisions,  etc.,  for  the  subsistence  of  his  army 268 

to  establish  magazines  for  storage  of  flour 288 

appointment  oi  a  commissary  of  artillery  left  to * 536 

mentioned 3, 4, 17, 53, 54, 85, 89, 90, 146, 147, 

155, 160,  242,  251 ,  252,  2o8,  271 ,  2S5,  449,  452,  4r>:{,  is:.,  isti,  |s7, 
488, 489, 491,  535,  536, 537,  540, 543, 544, 545,  548,  550,  553,  562 

" Washington"  (ship), 

mentioned 495 


798  INDEX. 

Washington,  D.  C,  page. 

respecting  payment  of  cost  of  improving  certain  streets  in 510 

examination  of  harbors  and  landings  along  water  front  of 511 

improvement  of  public  property  in 511 

memorial  bridge  from,  to  Arlington 526 

park  improvements  in 528 

respecting  tapping  of  water  mains  in 516 

mentioned 585 

Washington  Aqueduct, 

mentioned 507, 511, 515, 516,  523 

Washington  Monument, 

mentioned 513 

Washington  Public  Library, 

building  for  the,  to  be  erected  upon  Mount  Vernon  square  in  Washington 
City 528 

Water  department, 

operations  of  the,  in  District  of  Columbia  to  be  under  engineer  commis- 
sioner        519 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  N.  Y., 

mentioned 585,  602 

Waterworks  (see  Potomac  Waterworks). 

W atkins,  Joseph, 

commissioned  major,  commissary  of  ordnance  stores 549 

mentioned 534 

Waugoshance,  Mich., 

works  near,  mentioned 504 

Wayne,  Anthony, 

mentioned 58,  59,  62,  94 

Weather  Bureau, 

certain  duties  of  the  Signal  Corps  devolved  on  the 622 

mentioned \ 624,  625 

Western  Department,  mentioned 273,  291,  453 

Weedon,  George, 

to  discharge  duties  of  adjutant-general  temporarily 56 

mentioned 51, 56,  58,  59,  89 

Weeks,  George  H., 

mentioned 140 

Weibert,  Antoine  Felix, 

appointed  assistant  engineer 486 

mentioned 486 

Welsh,  John, 

to  be  commissioned  lieutenant  of  sappers  and  miners 491 

appointed  quartermaster  to  the  same 492 

Wentworth,  John,  . 

member  of  committee 14,  286 

mentioned 157 

West  Indies, 

respecting  importation  of  salt  from  the 261 

dried  hides  from  the 263,  547 

exportation  of  produce  to  the 537 

mentioned 540,  541 

Weston,  John  F., 

mentioned 238 

West  Point,  N.  Y., 

Military  Academy  and  Corps  of  Engineers  established  at 497 

mentioned 324, 567, 570,  571 

Whales  Back,  N.  H., 

works  at,  mentioned 504 

Wharton,  Carpenter, 

appointed  commissary  to  the  militia  about  to  march  to  New  Jersey 245 

mentioned 87,  253 

Wharton,  Thomas, 

mentioned 279 

Wheat, 

bad,  to  be  delivered  to  commissary  of  forage 158 

not  to  be  purchased  for  forage 158, 159,  290 

mentioned 288,  303 

Wheaton,  Henry, 

mentioned 121 


INDEX.  79(J 

Whkkler,  ,  Page, 

contractor  for  cannon 546 

mentioned 546 

Whippixi.;. 

Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen  to  prohibit 659 

Whipple,  William. 

member  of  committee 291 

mentioned 159, 164,  299 

Whisky, 

malt  liquor  or  low  wines  may  be  substituted  for 333 

sugar  and  coffee  to  be  issued  in  lieu  of 341 

Whitcomb,  Asa, 

mentioned 142 

White,  Hasfield, 

appointed  deputy  wagon  master 182 

White,  Moses, 

to  do  duty  as  brigade  inspector , 95 

White,  Robert, 

elected  deputy  commissary -general  of  issues 266 

resigned 268 

Wickoff,  Peter, 

elected  clothier-general 297 

mentioned 238 

Widows, 

respecting  extension  of  half  pay  to,  of  officers 24,  25,  26 

mentioned 457 

Wiley,  Robert, 

mentioned 563 

Wii.kixs,  Jr.,  John, 

mentioned 140 

Wilkinson,  James, 

grant  of  bre\'et  of  brigadier-general  to,  announced 59 

elected  clothier-general 298 

resigned 318 

mentioned 52,  86,  238 

Williams, , 

appointed  to  act  as  adjutant-general  pro  tern 62 

mentioned 62 

Williams, , 

to  superintend  the  hospital  in  Albany 381 

mentioned 382 

Williams,  Abraham, 

continued  in  the  office  of  brigade-major 66 

Williams,  Jonathan,  . 

mentioned 483 

Williams,  Otho  H., 

appointed  subinspector 94 

Williams,  Robert, 

mentioned 52 

Williams,  William  S., 

i ik 'in her  of  committee 247 

Williams  and  Elliot  (  Messrs.), 

mentioned 328 

WlLLIAMSUIKO,    Va., 

mentioned 395 

Wili.ino,  Thomas, 

mentioned 142,  240,  •">•"■: 

Willson,  Jambs, 

member  of  committee 87, 488, 539 

Wilson,  GooDwrjr, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 395 

Wiix.n,  John  ML, 

mentioned 483 

Wl-  DLL,    I'KSKT  &  Co., 

men  tinned 555 

Winder,  Rider  H., 

mentioned 121 

Warms,  William   EL, 

mentioned 52,  88 


800  INDEX. 

Wines,  Page. 

low,  may  be  substituted  for  whisky 333 

Winyabd  Bay,  S.  C, 

respecting  improvement  of 522 

Wisneb,  Heney, 

member  of  committee 538 

Withebspoon,  John, 

member  of  committee 247,  249 

mentioned , 145, 146, 160,  250, 392 

Witnesses, 

respecting,  before  courts-martial 125,  130, 132 

Wood, 

respecting,  for  use  of  hospitals 190 

mentioned 183 

WOODBEIDGE,  THEODOEE, 

mentioned 63,  99 

Woodfoed,  William, 

mentioned 57, 60,  61,  89, 94 

Woodruff,  Lewis, 

appointed  deputy  muster-master 634 

Wool,  John  E., 

mentioned 86 

Woolen  goods,* 

to  be  purchased  for  sale  to  soldiers 240 

Workmen, 

authorized  in  the  Ordnance  Department 572, 577, 579 

in  armories  exempted  from  jury  duty 576 

master,  authorized  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers 503 

to  be  designated  as  sergeants 590 

mentioned 575, 576 

WORTHINGTON,   AsA, 

inspector  of  cattle,  granted  increased  pay 306 

Wounded, 

respecting  removal  of  the 179 

blankets,  etc. ,  for  the,  in  hospitals 273 

relief  of  the,  before  removal  to  hospital 380 

ambulances  for  the  removal  of  the 421 

mentioned 368, 422 

Wright,  Horatio  G., 

mentioned 483 

Writs, 

respecting,  to  compel  attendance  of  witnesses 125,  130, 132 

Wrixon,  , 

declined  commission  of  chief  engineer 486 

Wykoff,  Henry, 

appointed  to  inspect  the  cattle  for  the  army 326 

Wylie,  Thomas, 

commissioned  captain-lieutenant  of  artillery  artificers 549 

promoted  to  rank  of  captain 553 

Wyllys,  John  Palgeave, 

appointed  brigade  major 55 

Wynkoop,  Henry, 

member  of  committee 164, 300 

Wythe,  Geoege, 

member  of  committee 246,  247 

Y. 

Yaquina  Bay,  Oreg. 

bar  of,  to  be  examined 526 

respecting  improvement  of 528 

Yakd  {see  Artillery  yard;  Horse  yabd). 
Yellowstone  National  Park, 

respecting  road  extensions  and  improvements  in  the 528 

Young,  Joseph, 

promoted  to  rank  of  hospital  physician  and  surgeon 395 

Yule,  James, 

appointed  wagon  master 154 

o 


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